@article {3008, title = {The Egyptian fruit bat Rousettus aegyptiacus (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) in the Palaearctic: Geographical variation and taxonomic status}, journal = {Biologia}, volume = {67}, number = {6}, year = {2012}, month = {2012b}, pages = {1230-1244}, abstract = {Two metrically defined subspecies have traditionally been recognised within the Palaearctic distribution range of the Egyptian fruit bat Rousettus aegyptiacus; the larger R. a. aegyptiacus in Egypt and the northern part of the Middle East and the smaller R. a. arabicus in the southern Middle East. An extensive material of R. aegyptiacus from all parts of this area, i.e. the Levant (incl. Turkey and Cyprus), Egypt (incl. Sinai), northern Sudan, Yemen, Oman, Iran, and Pakistan, as well as comparative samples from its sub-Saharan range, were tested using both morphological and genetic approaches in order to revise the species{\textquoteright} taxonomic status. The results indicated two possible processes, depending on the method used. Genetic analysis of the mitochondrial genome (nd1 and cytb) indicated low variation (< 2.0\% of genetic distance) and lack of geographical structure while morphometric analysis indicated significant metric differences. Two basic size morphotypes were found within the Palaearctic range, with a rather mosaic-like geographical distribution and a lack of clear size distinction between the two categories, though intermediate types were detected. Thus, we suggest that all Palaearctic populations of R. aegyptiacus represent one form, the nominotypical subspecies, which is uniform in genetic traits but plastic in metric traits.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Cyprus, distribution, Egypt, Europe, geographic variation, Iran, Middle East, morphometrics, mtDNA, North Africa, Oman, Pakistan, Palaearctic, Pteropodidae, Rousettus aegyptiacus aegyptiacus, Rousettus aegyptiacus arabicus, Sudan, systematics, taxonomy, Turkey, Yemen}, url = {Benda et al. 2012.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11756-012-0105-y}, author = {Benda, P. and Vallo, P. and Hulva, P. and Hor{\'a}{\v c}ek, I.} } @article {2991, title = {Rousettus aegyptiacus (Pteropodidae) in the Palaearctic: List of records and revision of the distribution range}, journal = {Vespertilio}, volume = {15}, number = {1}, year = {2012}, month = {2012a [for 2011]}, pages = {3-36}, abstract = {The populations of Rousettus aegyptiacus inhabiting the Palaearctic part of the species range represent the only offshoot of the family Pteropodidae beyond tropics. In this contribution, we revised distribution status of the species in different parts of its Palaearctic range, re-examined the literature data and supplemented them with an extensive set of original records obtained in the field during the last two decades. Based on that, we compiled a complete list of the records of R. aegyptiacus from the Palaearctic Region, covering the range delineated by 12-38{\textdegree} N and 26-68{\textdegree} E. Two distribution patterns were recognised: (1) a locally continuous range in the thermo-Mediterranean zone of S Turkey, W Syria, Lebanon, N Israel, and NW Jordan, (2a) a clearly discontinuous distribution in sub-tropical deserts of the Saharo-Sindian zone (S Levant, Egypt incl. Sinai, N Sudan, Arabian Peninsula, S Iran and S Pakistan), characterised by more or less isolated patches of distribution in desert oases and smaller areas of relatively humid habitats, and (2b) a supposedly continuous linear distribution along the Nile in Egypt, including its extensions in the El Fayum Oasis and Nile Delta. These patterns differ from the distribution characteristics of R. aegyptiacus in the sub-Saharan African range, where this fruit bat is reported to inhabit continuous belts of rather open habitats stretching over large parts of the continent. Detailed data from the Dakhla Oasis (less than 1,000 km2) in the Western Desert of Egypt illustrate flexibility in roosting and foraging requirements of the species and its considerable capacity for long-term survival in small (2,000-3,000 inds.) and rather isolated populations.}, keywords = {Arabia, Chiroptera, colony size, Cyprus, day roosts, distribution, Egypt, Europe, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Mediterranean, Middle East, North Africa, Oman, Pakistan, Palaearctic, Palestine, Pteropodidae, Rousettus aegyptiacus, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, Yemen}, url = {Benda et al. 2011a.pdf http://www.ceson.org/publikace_en.php}, author = {Benda, P. and Abi-Said, M. and Bartoni{\v c}ka, T. and Bilgin, R. and Faizolahi, K. and Lu{\v c}an, R. K. and Nicolaou, H. and Reiter, A. and Shohdi, W. and Uhrin, M. and Hor{\'a}{\v c}ek, I.} } @book {4336, title = {Diversidade Morfol{\'o}gica, Biol{\'o}gica e Gen{\'e}tica, e Rela{\c c}{\~o}es Filogen{\'e}ticas de Tripanossomas de Morcegos do Brasil e Mo{\c c}ambique ({\'a}frica)}, year = {2011}, month = {2011}, pages = {57}, publisher = {PhD-thesis}, organization = {PhD-thesis}, address = {Instituto de Ci{\^e}ncias Biom{\'e}dicas, Universidade de S{\~a}o Paulo}, abstract = {Although it has been known for more than 100 years that bats harbour a variety of trypanosomes from the subgenera Schizotrypanum, Megatrypanum and Herpetosoma, our knowledge regarding the genetic diversity, host range, vectors, life cycles, geographical distribution and phylogenetic relationships of these trypanosomes is restricted to a few species. Because the majority of bat trypanosomes were classified exclusively based on morphology, their taxonomy remains problematic and have been phylogenetically revised. Comparison of eco-geographical patterns of trypanosomes and bats can be helpful in evaluating scenarios that could account for the diversity, relationships and current distribution of bat trypanosomes.In this study, the genetic diversity and phylogeographical patterns of trypanosomes that infect Brazilian bats were evaluated by examining 1043 bats from 63 species of 7 families captured in Amazonia, the Pantanal, Cerrado and the Atlantic Forest. The prevalence of trypanosome-infected bats as estimated by haemoculture was 12.9\%, resulting in 77 cultures. Most cultures were morphologically and molecularly identified as Schizotrypanum spp. Phylogenetic analyses of SSUrRNA, gGAPDH and Cyt b genes revealed three subclades, T. dionisii, T. c. marinkellei and T. cruzi, all clustering together forming the clade Schizotrypanum. T. dionisii (32.4\%) infected bats from 4 families captured in all biomes; T. c. marinkellei (49.3\%) was restricted to phyllostomids from Amazonia to the Pantanal. T. cruzi (18.2\%) was found mainly in vespertilionids and phyllostomids from the Pantanal/Cerrado and the Atlantic Forest, with a few isolates from Amazonia. Therefore, bat trypanosomes were related to theirs vectors, and the evolutionary history, ecology and phylogeography of the hosts.T. cruzi is a complex of genetically heterogeneous isolates distributed in six discrete typing units (DTUs TcI-VI), more phylogenetically related to T. c. marinkellei than to T. dionisii. Phylogenetic relationships positioned all Amazonian bat isolates into TcI while isolates from Central and Southeast regions constituted the new genotype Tcbat, which lacked virulence and yielded low parasitaemias in mice. Tcbat was found only in bats from anthropic environments, confirming bats as important reservoirs and potential source of T. cruzi infections to humans. Our findings corroborated that the complexity of T. cruzi is larger than currently known.Only bat Schizotrypanum spp. from South America and Europe have been characterised, alleged species from Australia and Africa still lack phylogenetic evidence. We characterized 6 isolates from bats (Molossidae) captured in Mozambique. Morphological and behaviour features were all typical of T. cruzi-like. All the isolates constituted a homogenous clade within the Schizotrypanum by phylogenetic analysis of SSUrRNA, gGAPDH, ITS1 rDNA and SL sequences. Comparable distances separated this new species from their closest species, T. c. marinkellei and T. dionisii, while T. cruzi was separated by larger distances. These findings supported these trypanosomes as a new species, T. erneyi, the first molecularly characterised from African bats. Schizotrypanum trypanosomes and bats are tightly united in a striking example of an ancient and intimate host-parasite partnership. The existence of T. erneyi in Africa sheds new light on the diversity and evolutionary history of Schizotrypanum, providing new insights into the understanding of the origin and evolution of T. cruzi, which speculatively could have evolved from a bat-restricted trypanosome or vice versa.T. rangeli is a non-pathogenic parasite of man and domestic and wild animals in Central and South America transmitted by triatomines, which share hosts and overlapped distribution with T. cruzi. This species has never confidently been described in bats. Previous analyses demonstrated that T. rangeli comprised 4 phylogenetic lineages (A-D). Here, we characterized two isolates of T. rangeli from Brazilian bats, one assigned to lineage A and other to the new lineage E. These isolates are the earliest T. rangeli from bats molecularly characterized, and the reference-isolates of the lineage E.We also characterized morphologically, biologically and phylogenetically 12 isolates from African rhinolophid microbats from Mozambique. The isolates showed blood trypomastigotes typical of the subgenus Megatrypanum, which have been questioned phylogenetically. However, culture and biological features separated the new bat isolates from Schizotrypanum, and SSUrRNA and gGAPDH phylogenies revealed that they are distant from all trypanosomes, prompting the description of a new species that could not be positioned within any subgenus.Cathepsin L-like (CATL) enzymes are cysteine proteases that play a vital role in the metabolism, infectivity, cell differentiation, immunity and pathogenicity of trypanosomes, and have been exploited as potential targets for drugs, vaccines and diagnoses. An understanding of CATL evolutionary relationships can assist in clarifying the role of these enzymes in the parasite life cycles and pathogeneses. Phylogenetic analysis of CATL sequences from 17 isolates representative of the genetic diversity and geographical range of T. rangeli supported the lineages previously established, corroborating independent cycles and divergence associated with sympatric species of Rhodnius. In addition, CATL proved to be excellent targets for diagnosis and genotyping of T. rangeli. We also compared cruzipain (major CATL from T. cruzi) encoding genes from T. cruzi isolates representative of the overall biological, genetic and pathological diversity. Conserved genes are found within and among isolates of the same DTU, excepting TcV-VI that showed polymorphic sequences supporting hybridization origin. Analyses of cruzipain from T. cruzi DTUs and homologues from T. cruzi-like disclosed species- and lineage-specific polymorphisms valuable to understand host-parasite interactions and crucial for evaluation of cruzipain as target for diagnostic, drugs and vaccine approaches. Genealogies of cruzipain encoding genes agree with the diversity and phylogenetic relationships of trypanosome species and T. cruzi DTUs.Further analyses aiming better-resolved phylogenies and reliable molecular-clock model to estimate divergence times are required to infer the most likely hypothesis for the evolutionary history of bat trypanosomes.}, keywords = {Brazil, Chiroptera, endoparasites, infectious diseases, Megatrypanum, Mozambique, Neotropics, parasitism, phylogeny, Schizotrypanum, South America, Southern Africa, taxonomy, Trypanosoma}, author = {Lima, L.} } @article {3467, title = {Phenotypic diversification and island evolution of pipistrelle bats (Pipistrellus pipistrellus group) in the Mediterranean region inferred from geometric morphometrics and molecular phylogenetics}, journal = {J. Biogeogr.}, volume = {38}, number = {11}, year = {2011}, month = {2011a}, pages = {2091-2105}, abstract = {Location The Mediterranean Basin, with a special focus on isolated populations from Corsica, the Maghreb, Cyprus, Cyrenaica and Crete.Methods Phenotypic variability was assessed by cranial morphometrics using the coordinates of 41 3D landmarks and associated geometric-morphometric methods. We analysed 125 specimens representing all of the lineages in the species complex. Differences between taxa and between insular and continental populations in cranial size, shape, form and allometries were tested using analyses of variance and visualized using boxplots and canonical variate analysis. Relationships between molecular data from a previous study (cytochrome b sequences) and morphometric data were tested with co-inertia analyses (RV test) and multivariate regressions.Results The three species were relatively well differentiated in cranial size and shape, and each species showed a significant amount of inter-population variability. Comparisons of pairs of insular versus continental populations revealed heterogeneities in cranial patterns among island phenotypes, suggesting no recurrent insular syndrome. Molecular and phenotypic traits were correlated, except for molecular and lateral cranium shape.Main conclusions The Pipistrellus pipistrellus-pygmaeus-hanaki species complex exhibits phenotypic variability as a result of the fragmentation of its distribution (especially on islands), its phylogenetic and phylogeographic history and, most probably, other evolutionary factors that were not investigated in this study. We found no recurrent pattern of evolution on islands, indicating that site-specific factors play a prevailing role on Mediterranean islands. The correlation between molecular and phenotypic data is incomplete, suggesting that factors other than phylogenetic relationships, potentially connected with feeding ecology, have played a role in shaping cranial morphology in this species complex.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, cranial morphology, Europe, geometric morphometrics, insular syndrome, island evolution, Libya, Mediterranean Basin, molecular genetics, Morocco, North Africa, phenotypic evolution, phylogeny, Pipistrellus hanaki, Pipistrellus pipistrellus, Pipistrellus pygmaeus, species complex, Vespertilionidae}, url = {Evin et al. 2011a.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02556.x}, author = {Evin, A. and Hor{\'a}{\v c}ek, I. and Hulva, P.} } @article {3002, title = {Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East. Part 8. Bats of Jordan: Fauna, ecology, echolocation, ectoparasites}, journal = {Acta Soc. Zool. Bohem.}, volume = {74}, year = {2010}, month = {2010b}, pages = {185-353}, abstract = {A complete list of bat records available from Jordan was compiled from literature and from new records, based on field studies and examination of museum specimens. The record review is complemented by distribution maps, summaries of distributional status of the particular species, files of field observations, and data on feeding ecology. Basic descriptive echolocation parameters for 17 species (782 calls from 134 call sequences analysed) are given and discussed. Arthropod ectoparasites were collected from 14 bat species. In some species sheets, notes concerning variation of the Levantine populations are added. From the territory of the modern Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, 289 records of 26 bat species belonging to nine families are known; viz. Rousettus aegyptiacus (Geoffroy, 1810) (21 record sites), Rhinopoma microphyllum (Br{\"u}nnich, 1782) (4), R. cystops Thomas, 1903 (21), Taphozous perforatus Geoffroy, 1818 (7), T. nudiventris Cretzschmar, 1830 (6), Nycteris thebaica (Geoffroy, 1803) (3), Rhinolophus ferrumequinum (Schreber, 1774) (12), R. clivosus Cretzschmar, 1828 (10), R. hipposideros (Borkhausen, 1797) (45), R. euryale Blasius, 1853 (5), R. mehelyi Matschie, 1901 (1), R. blasii Peters, 1866 (14), Asellia tridens (Geoffroy, 1813) (3), Myotis blythii (Tomes, 1857) (2), M. nattereri (Kuhl, 1817) (10), M. emarginatus (Geoffroy, 1806) (5), M. capaccinii (Bonaparte, 1837) (1), Eptesicus bottae (Peters, 1869) (21), Hypsugo ariel (Thomas, 1904) (12), Pipistrellus pipistrellus (Schreber, 1774) (1011), P. kuhlii (Kuhl, 1817) (33), Otonycteris hemprichii Peters, 1859 (22), Barbastella leucomelas (Cretzschmar, 1830) (6), Plecotus christii Gray, 1838 (19), Miniopterus pallidus Thomas, 1905 (3), and Tadarida teniotis (Rafinesque, 1814) (33). Myotis blythii, Pipistrellus pipistrellus, and Barbastella leucomelas are here reported from Jordan for the first time. Simple zoogeographical analysis of the bat fauna of Jordan revealed four main groups of particular faunal elements as well as community types. The fauna is composed of (1) the Mediterranean, (2) southern desert, (3) Rift desert, and (4) widespread 186 elements, while the bat communities are represented by (1) Mediterranean arboreal, (2) southern desert, (3) Rift, and (4) transient (combined) types. Seventeen species of bat ectoparasites belonging to seven families were recorded from Jordan; the following eleven species are here reported for the first time from the country: Argas vespertilionis (Latreille, 1802) (collected from Rousettus aegyptiacus, Pipistrellus pipistrellus and P. kuhlii), A. confusus Hoogstraal, 1955 (from Rhinopoma cystops), Spinturnix psi Kolenati, 1856 (from Miniopterus pallidus), S. myoti (Kolenati, 1856) (from Myotis blythii), Steatonyssus periblepharus Kolenati, 1858 (from Pipistrellus pipistrellus and P. kuhlii), Parasteanonyssus hoogstraali Keegan, 1956 (from Tadarida teniotis), Cacodmus vicinus Horvath, 1932 (from Pipistrellus pipistrellus and P. kuhlii), Penicillidia conspicua Speiser, 1901 (from Miniopterus pallidus), P. dufourii Westwood, 1835 (from Myotis blythii), Nycteribia schmidlii Schiner, 1853 (from Miniopterus pallidus), and Basilia daganiae Theodor et Moscona, 1954 (from Pipistrellus pipistrellus).}, keywords = {Acari, Africa, Arabian Peninsula, Arachnida, Argas confusus, Argas vespertilionis, Asellia tridens, Aves, Barbastella leucomelas, Basilia daganiae, Cacodmus vicinus, Chiroptera, Cimicidae, Cyprus, Diptera, distribution, echolocation, ecology, ectoparasites, Egypt, Emballonuridae, Eptesicus bottae, Hemiptera, Hipposideridae, Hypsugo ariel, Insecta, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Middle East, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus pallidus, molecular genetics, Molossidae, Myotis blythii, Myotis capaccinii, Myotis emarginatus, Myotis nattereri, Nycteribia schmidlii, Nycteribiidae, Nycteridae, Nycteris thebaica, Otonycteris hemprichii, parasitism, Parasteatonyssus hoogstraali, Penicillidia conspicua, Penicillidia dufourii, phylogeny, Pipistrellus kuhlii, Pipistrellus pipistrellus, Plecotus christii, predation, Pteropodidae, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus blasii, Rhinolophus clivosus, Rhinolophus euryale, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, Rhinolophus hipposideros, Rhinolophus mehelyi, Rhinopoma cystops, Rhinopoma microphyllum, Rhinopomatidae, Rousettus aegyptiacus, Spinturnix myoti, Spinturnix psi, Steatonyssus periblepharus, Strigiformes, Sudan, Syria, Tadarida teniotis, Taphozous nudiventris, Taphozous perforatus, taxonomy, Turkey, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Benda, P. and Lu{\v c}an, R. K. and Obuch, J. and Reiter, A. and Andreas, M. and Ba{\v c}kor, P. and Bohnenstengel, T. and Eid, E. K. and {\v S}ev{\v c}{\'{\i}k, M. and Vallo, P. and Amr, Z. S.} } @article {3123, title = {Data on the distribution of mammals from Mauritania, West Africa}, journal = {Mammalia}, volume = {74}, number = {4}, year = {2010}, month = {2010}, pages = {449-455}, keywords = {Asellia tridens, Chiroptera, distribution, Hipposideridae, Mammalia, Mauritania, Rhinopoma hardwickii, Rhinopomatidae, West Africa}, url = {Brito et al. 2010.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/MAMM.2010.055}, author = {Brito, J. C. and {\'A}lvares, F. and Mart{\'{\i}nez-Freir{\'{\i}a, F. and Sierra, P. and Sillero, N. and Tarroso, P.} } @article {2994, title = {Some new records of bats from Morocco (Chiroptera)}, journal = {Lynx}, number = {41}, year = {2010}, month = {2010a}, pages = {151-166}, abstract = {New records of bats resulting from two surveys in 2008 and 2010, focused mainly on southern regions of Morocco, are presented. Altogether 19 bat species were recorded in Morocco s.str. and only one species. Pipistrellus kuhlii s.l., was documented from the Western Sahara. This bat remains the only bat species known from this vast desert area. Some notes on the distribution and echolocation of the recorded taxa are added, including the first data on echolocation characteristics of the recently recognised species Eptesicus isabellinus and Plecotus gaisleri.}, keywords = {Asellia tridens, Barbastella barbastellus, Chiroptera, distribution, Eptesicus isabellinus, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros tephrus, Hypsugo savii, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus schreibersii, Molossidae, Morocco, Myotis punicus, North Africa, Nyctalus leisleri, Nycteridae, Nycteris thebaica, Otonycteris hemprichii, Pipistrellus kuhlii, Pipistrellus pipistrellus, Pipistrellus rueppellii, Plecotus gaisleri, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus blasii, Rhinolophus hipposideros, Rhinopoma cystops, Rhinopomatidae, survey, Tadarida teniotis, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Benda, P. and {\v c}erven{\'y}, J. and Kone{\v c}n{\'y}, A. and Reiter, A. and {\v S}ev{\v c}{\'{\i}k, M. and Uhrin, M. and Vallo, P.} } @article {4343, title = {Reservoirs of antibiotic-resistant Enterobacteriaceae among animals sympatric to humans in Senegal: Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in bacteria in a black rat (Rattus rattus)}, journal = {African Journal of Microbiology Research}, volume = {3}, number = {11}, year = {2009}, month = {2009}, pages = {751-754}, abstract = {In Senegal, rectal swabs from cattle, wild rodents and chiropterans were cultured for Enterobacteriaceae. Isolates were tested for susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. Two cefotaxime-resistant isolates were found in a black rat (Rattus rattus): a multiresistant Escherichia coli with bla(CTX-M-15) gene and Enterobacter cloacae resistant to ampicillin and cephalotin with bla(TEM-52b) gene. Sympatric rats in Senegal may represent an important reservoir for antibiotic-resistant. Enterobacteriaceae including extended-spectrum beta-lactamases producing isolates.}, keywords = {antibiotic resistance, Chiroptera, Epomophorus gambianus, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros gigas [vittatus], Mammalia, Micropteropus pusillus, Pteropodidae, Rodentia, Senegal, West Africa}, author = {Literak, I. and Dolejska, M. and Cizek, A. and Djigo, C. A. T. and Kone{\v c}n{\'y}, A. and Koubek, P.} } @article {2995, title = {Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East. Part 6. Bats of Sinai (Egypt) with some taxonomic, ecological and echolocation data on that fauna}, journal = {Acta Soc. Zool. Bohem.}, volume = {72}, year = {2008}, month = {2008}, pages = {1-103}, abstract = {A complete list of bat records from Sinai was compiled, composed mostly of new findings from the field (85\%). From the territory of Sinaitic peninsula, 106-111 records of up to 15 bat species are reported; viz. Rousettus aegyptiacus (Geoffroy, 1810) (10 records), Rhinopoma cystops Thomas, 1903 (1), Taphozous perforatus Geoffroy, 1818 (1), Nycteris thebaica Geoffroy, 1813 (2), Rhinolophus clivosus Cretzschmar, 1830 (9), R. hipposideros (Borkhausen, 1797) (8), R. mehelyi Matschie, 1901 (1 [uncertain]), Asellia tridens (Geoffroy, 1813) (4-5), Eptesicus bottae (Peters, 1869) (6), Hypsugo ariel (Thomas, 1904) (24), Pipistrellus kuhlii (Kuhl, 1817) (3-5), Otonycteris hemprichii Peters, 1859 (5), Barbastella leucomelas (Cretzschmar, 1830) (6), Plecotus christii Gray, 1838 (19-20), and Tadarida teniotis (Rafinesque,1814)(8). Six species (R. aegyptiacus, R. cystops, T. perforatus, R. mehelyi, E. bottae, and T. teniotis) are here reported from Sinai for the first time. The taxonomic status of Rousettus aegyptiacus and Tadarida teniotis from Sinai is discussed. According to a profound taxonomic revision, Hypsugo bodenheimeri (Harrison, 1960) has been found to be a junior synonym of Hypsugo ariel (Thomas, 1904). The species status of Barbastella leucomelas from Sinai and southern Israel has been confirmed and hence, a separate species position for Central Asian Barbastella populations suggested. Representatives of Plecotus christii from the Sinaitic and southern Holy Land populations have been found to be significantly larger than the nominotypical ones from Upper Egypt and therefore described as a separate subspecies, P. christii petraeus subsp. nov. Basic descriptive echolocation parameters for 12 Sinaitic bat species are given and discussed. Echolocation calls of Rhinolophus clivosus, Hypsugo ariel, Otonycteris hemprichii, Barbastella leucomelas, and Plecotus christii are described in detail for the first time. Diet composition of six bat species (Rhinolophus clivosus, Hypsugo ariel, Otonycteris hemprichii, Barbastella leucomelas, Plecotus christii, and Tadarida teniotis) from Sinai was studied and their feeding ecology discussed.}, keywords = {Arabia, Asellia tridens, Barbastella leucomelas, Chiroptera, diet, distribution, echolocation, ecology, Emballonuridae, Eptesicus bottae, Hipposideridae, Hypsugo ariel, Mammalia, Middle East, Molossidae, North Africa, Nycteridae, Nycteris thebaica, Otonycteris hemprichii, Palaearctic, Pipistrellus kuhlii, Plecotus christii petraeus ssp. nov. Benda, Pteropodidae, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus clivosus, Rhinolophus hipposideros, Rhinolophus mehelyi, Rhinopoma cystops, Rhinopomatidae, Rousettus aegyptiacus, Tadarida teniotis, Taphozous perforatus, taxonomy, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Benda, P. and Dietz, C. and Andreas, M. and Hotov{\'y}, J. and Lu{\v c}an, R. K. and Maltby, A. and Meakin, K. and Truscott, J. and Vallo, P.} } @article {4877, title = {Diet of sympatric African grass owl (Tyto capensis) and spotted eagle owl (Bubo africanus) in the Bamenda Highlands, NW Cameroon}, journal = {Afr. J. Ecol.}, volume = {46}, number = {3}, year = {2008}, month = {2008}, pages = {428-431}, keywords = {Aves, Bubo africanus, Cameroon, Central Africa, Chiroptera, diet, Mammalia, predation, prey, Rodentia, Soricidae, Strigiformes, Tyto capensis}, url = {Riegert et al. 2008.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2028.2007.00816.x}, author = {Riegert, J. and Sedl{\'a}{\v c}ek, O. and Hutterer, R.} } @article {3176, title = {Four new bat species from the "territory of the Czech Republic"}, journal = {Vespertilio}, volume = {12}, year = {2008}, month = {2008}, pages = {11-14}, abstract = {Twelve individuals of fruit bats belonging to four species, Eidolon helvum, Rousettus aegyptiacus, Epomophorus gambianus, and Micropteropus pusillus, were captured during three nights using ornithological mist nets. The fruit bats were caught when foraging in the garden of the Embassy of the Czech Republic in Dakar (Senegal), where they fed on ripe fruits of the neem trees (Azadirachta indica).}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Eidolon helvum, Epomophorus gambianus, Micropteropus pusillus, Pteropodidae, Rousettus aegyptiacus, Senegal, West Africa}, author = {{\v c}erven{\'y}, J. and Koubek, P.} } @article {5071, title = {Karyotypes of three species of molossid bats (Molossidae, Chiroptera) from India and western Africa}, journal = {Folia Zool.}, volume = {57}, number = {4}, year = {2008}, month = {2008}, pages = {347-357}, abstract = {Conventional and G-banded karyotypes are reported for three species of molossid bats from India (Chaerephon plicatus) and Senegal (Ch. pumilus, Mops condylurus). The chromosome diploid number 2n = 48 and the number of chromosomal arms FN= 54 were recorded, similarly as in the previous published reports on karyology of molossid bats from Thailand, East Malaysia, and Africa. A synopsis of karyotypes of bats of the family Molossidae is presented with comments on their chromosomal evolution.}, keywords = {Asia, Chaerephon plicatus, Chaerephon pumilus, Chiroptera, chromosomes, cytogenetics, India, Molossidae, Mops condylurus, Senegal, West Africa}, author = {Sreepada, K. S. and Koub{\'{\i}nov{\'a}, D. and Kone{\v c}n{\'y}, A. and Koubek, P. and R{\'a}b, P. and R{\'a}bov{\'a}, M. and Zima J.} } @article {2998, title = {Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of the Eastern Mediterranean. Part 5. Bat fauna of Cyprus: Review of records with confirmation of six species new for the island and description of a new subspecies}, journal = {Acta Soc. Zool. Bohem.}, volume = {71}, year = {2007}, month = {2007}, pages = {71-130}, abstract = {A complete list of bat records available from Cyprus, based on both the literature data and new records gathered during recent field studies. The review of records is added with distribution maps and summaries of the distribution statuses of particular species. From the island of Cyprus, at least 195 confirmed records of 22 bat species are known; viz. Rousettus aegyptiacus (Geoffroy, 1810) (50 record localities), Rhinolophus ferrumequinum (Schreber, 1774) (12), R. hipposideros (Borkhausen, 1797) (18), R. euryale Blasius, 1853 (12), R. mehelyi Matschie, 1901 (1), R. blasii Peters, 1866 (11), Myotis blythii (Tomes, 1857) (4), M. nattereri (Kuhl, 1817) (11), M. emarginatus (Geoffroy, 1806) (2), M. capaccinii (Bonaparte, 1837) (1), Eptesicus serotinus (Schreber, 1774) (6), E. anatolicus Felten, 1971 (1), Hypsugo savii (Bonaparte, 1837) (10), Pipistrellus pipistrellus (Schreber, 1774) (2), P. pygmaeus (Leach, 1825) (3), P. kuhlii (Kuhl, 1817) (36), Nyctalus noctula (Schreber, 1774) (13), N. leisleri (Kuhl, 1817) (2), N. lasiopterus (Schreber, 1780) (1), Plecotus kolombatovici{\DH}uli{\ae}, 1980 (7), Miniopterus schreibersii (Kuhl, 1817) (7), and Tadarida teniotis (Rafinesque,1814)(8). Four species (Eptesicus anatolicus, Pipistrellus pipistrellus, Nyctalus leisleri, N. lasiopterus) are reported here from Cyprus for the first time. Two other species (Plecotus kolombatovici and Tadarida teniotis), which were previously suggested to inhabit Cyprus, are here confirmed to occur the island. Cypriot populations of Pipistrellus pygmaeus have been found to be morphologically and genetically unique and therefore described as a separate subspecies, P. pygmaeus cyprius subsp. nov.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Cyprus, distribution, Europe, Miniopteridae, Molossidae, Pipistrellus pygmaeus cyprius ssp. nov. Benda, Pteropodidae, Rhinolophidae, systematics, taxonomy, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Benda, P. and Han{\'a}k, V. and Hor{\'a}{\v c}ek, I. and Hulva, P. and Lu{\v c}an, R. K. and Ruedi, M.} } @article {3956, title = {Molecules, morphometrics and new fossils provide an integrated view of the evolutionary history of Rhinopomatidae (Mammalia: Chiroptera)}, journal = {BMC Evolutionary Biology}, volume = {7}, number = {1}, year = {2007}, month = {2007b}, pages = {165}, abstract = {Background: The Rhinopomatidae, traditionally considered to be one of the most ancient chiropteran clades, remains one of the least known groups of Rhinolophoidea. No relevant fossil record is available for this family. Whereas there have been extensive radiations in related families Rhinolophidae and Hipposideridae, there are only a few species in the Rhinopomatidae and their phylogenetic relationship and status are not fully understood.Results: Here we present (a) a phylogenetic analysis based on a partial cytochrome b sequence, (b) new fossils from the Upper Miocene site Elaiochoria 2 (Chalkidiki, Greece), which represents the first appearance datum of the family based on the fossil record, and (c) discussion of the phylogeographic patterns in both molecular and morphological traits. We found deep divergences in the Rhinopoma hardwickii lineage, suggesting that the allopatric populations in (i) Iran and (ii) North Africa and the Middle East should have separate species status. The latter species (R. cystops) exhibits a shallow pattern of isolation by distance (separating the Middle East and the African populations) that contrasts with the pattern of geographic variation in the morphometrical traits. A deep genetic gap was also found in Rhinopoma muscatellum (Iran vs. Yemen). We found only minute genetic distance between R. microphyllum from the Levant and India, which fails to support the sub/species distinctness of the Indian form (R. microphyllum kinneari).Conclusion: The mtDNA survey provided phylogenetic tree of the family Rhinopomatidae for the first time and revealed an unexpected diversification of the group both within R. hardwickii and R. muscatellum morphospecies. The paleobiogeographic scenario compiled in respect to molecular clock data suggests that the family originated in the region south of the Eocene Western Tethyan seaway or in India, and extended its range during the Early Miocene. The fossil record suggests a Miocene spread into the Mediterranean region, followed by a post-Miocene retreat. Morphological analysis compared with genetic data indicates considerable phenotypic plasticity in this group.}, keywords = {Asia, Chiroptera, Europe, fossils, Middle East, North Africa, palaeontology, phylogeny, phylogeography, Rhinopoma cystops, Rhinopoma hardwickii, Rhinopoma microphyllum, Rhinopoma muscatellum, Rhinopomatidae, systematics, taxonomy}, url = {http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/7/165}, author = {Hulva, P. and Hor{\'a}{\v c}ek, I. and Benda, P.} } @article {3954, title = {New mitochondrial lineages within the Pipistrellus pipistrellus complex from Mediterranean Europe}, journal = {Folia Zool.}, volume = {56}, number = {4}, year = {2007}, month = {2007a}, pages = {378-388}, abstract = {In this study we are adding further information to phylogeography of Pipistrellus pipistrellus complex by discovery of isolated mitochondrial lineages in Europe, from the island of Crete (Greece) and central Mediterranean (Sicily, Corsica) and by adding new data about geographic distribution of clades within the complex. We performed phylogeographic study with aid of partial sequence of cytochrome b and with focus to the radiation centre of this group in the Mediterranean Basin. Within the clade P. pygmaeus s.l., we have discovered isolated lineage from Crete, which is sister taxon to P. hanaki from Libya. We have detected the occurrence of P. pygmaeus s.str. in northern Iran. In the clade P. pipistrellus s.l. we have discovered isolated cluster represented by populations from Sicily and Corsica, with phylogenetic relation to Moroccan lineage. This is a first evidence of separated phylogroup within the complex from central Mediterranean. We refer the occurrence of P. pipistrellus s.str. from the island of Cyprus. These data represent further arguments for importance of the Mediterranean region in phylogeny of the P. pipistrellus species complex. Proposed allopatric speciation scenario considers the role of environmental fragmentation during the Messinian Salinity Crisis, strengthen by preference of mountain habitats in Mediterranean populations. The species status of Cretan and central Mediterraenan forms is also discussed.}, keywords = {biogeography, Chiroptera, Corsica, Crete, Europe, Greece, Iran, Libya, molecular genetics, Morocco, mtDNA, Near East, North Africa, phylogeny, Pipistrellus hanaki, Pipistrellus pipistrellus, Pipistrellus pygmaeus, Sicily, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Hulva, P. and Benda, P. and Han{\'a}k, V. and Evin, A. and Hor{\'a}{\v c}ek, I.} } @article {2993, title = {Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of the Eastern Mediterranean. Part 4. Bat fauna of Syria: Distribution, systematics, ecology}, journal = {Acta Soc. Zool. Bohem.}, volume = {70}, number = {1-4}, year = {2006}, month = {2006}, pages = {1-329}, abstract = {A complete list of bat records available from Syria was compiled from literature and from new records, based on field studies and examination of museum specimens. The record review is complemented by distribution maps, summaries of the distributional statuses of particular species, files of field observations, reviews of taxonomy, and data on feeding ecology. To some species sheets, also the echolocation data are added. From the territory of the modern Syrian Arab Republic, 290 records of 27 bat species belonging to eight families are reported; viz. Rousettus aegyptiacus (Geoffroy, 1810) (5 record localities), Rhinopoma microphyllum (Br{\"u}nnich, 1782) (2), Rhinopoma hardwickii Gray, 1831 (4), Taphozous nudiventris Cretzschmar, 1830 (9), Rhinolophus ferrumequinum (Schreber, 1774) (25), R. hipposideros (Bechstein, 1800) (10), R. euryale Blasius, 1853 (2), R. mehelyi Matschie, 1901 (6), R. blasii Peters, 1866 (3), Asellia tridens (Geoffroy, 1813) (10), Myotis myotis (Borkhausen, 1797) (6), M. blythii (Tomes, 1857) (10), M. nattereri (Kuhl, 1817) (6), M. emarginatus (Geoffroy, 1806) (5), M. aurascens Kusjakin, 1935 (4), M. capaccinii (Bonaparte, 1837) (13), Eptesicus serotinus (Schreber, 1774) (13), E. bottae (Peters, 1869) (10), E. anatolicus Felten, 1971 (4), Hypsugo savii (Bonaparte, 1837) (11), Pipistrellus pipistrellus (Schreber, 1774) (16), P. kuhlii (Kuhl, 1817) (69), Nyctalus noctula (Schreber, 1774) (4), Otonycteris hemprichii Peters, 1859 (13), Plecotus macrobullaris Kuzjakin, 1965 (5), Miniopterus schreibersii (Kuhl, 1817) (9), and Tadarida teniotis (Rafinesque, 1814) (16). The records labelled from Syria in the historical broader sense (which included also the modern Lebanon, Jordan, Palestine, and parts of southern Turkey) and thus of indefined origin, were also added and discussed. Eptesicus anatolicus, which is here considered a separate species according to results of profound morphological analysis, is in Syria recorded for the first time. From the territory currently ruled by the Syrian Arab Republic (i.e., without the Golan Heights), R. hipposideros, M. nattereri, H. savii, N. noctula, and T. teniotis are reported for the first time. The reviews of taxonomic opinions concerning particular species, supplemented in some cases by original analyses, present discussions and revisions of taxonomy of Syrian populations, namely in Taphozous nudiventris, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, R. euryale, R. mehelyi, Myotis myotis, M. nattereri, M. emarginatus, Eptesicus serotinus, E. bottae, Hypsugo savii, Otonycteris hemprichii, and Miniopterus schreibersii. The name Rhinolophus (Euryalus) judaicus Andersen et Matschie, 1904 is found to be a synonym of the name R. mehelyi Matschie, 1901 instead of R. euryale Blasius, 1853. New interpretations on the type localities are discussed and/or suggested (Vespertilio Microphyllus Br{\"u}nnich, 1782, Taphozous kachhensis babylonicus Thomas, 1915, Rhinolophus blasii Peters, 1866, and Myotis Escalerai Cabrera, 1904).}, keywords = {Aves, Chiroptera, diet, distribution, echolocation, ecology, ectoparasites, Emballonuridae, Europe, food, Hipposideridae, Miniopteridae, Molossidae, morphology, Near East, North Africa, parasitism, predation, Pteropodidae, Rhinolophidae, Rhinopomatidae, Strigiformes, systematics, taxonomy, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Benda, P. and Andreas, M. and Kock, D. and Lu{\v c}an, R. K. and Munclinger, P. and Nov{\'a}, P. and Obuch, J. and Ochman, K. and Reiter, A. and Uhrin, M. and Weinfurtov{\'a}, D.} } @article {5026, title = {Comments on Welwitsch{\textquoteright}s mouse-eared bat (Myotis welwitschii) with the first record from Cameroon}, journal = {Mammalian Biol.}, volume = {71}, number = {2}, year = {2006}, month = {2006}, pages = {120-123}, keywords = {Asia, Cameroon, Central Africa, Chiroptera, distribution, Myotis formosus, Myotis welwitschii, Vespertilionidae}, url = {Sedl{\'a}cek et al. 2006.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mambio.2005.11.004}, author = {Sedl{\'a}{\v c}ek, O. and Ho{\v r}{\'a}k, D. and Riegert, J. and Reif, J. and Hor{\'a}{\v c}ek, I.} } @article {3928, title = {Generic status of the American pipistrelles (Vespertilionidae) with description of a new genus}, journal = {J. Mamm.}, volume = {87}, number = {5}, year = {2006}, month = {2006}, pages = {981-992}, abstract = {Although traditionally placed in the genus Pipistrellus, studies since the mid-1900s have shown that the western pipistrelle (P. hesperus) and eastern pipistrelle (P. subflavus), the only 2 representatives of Pipistrellus-like bats in the Western Hemisphere, do not share a most recent common ancestry with true Pipistrellus or each other. More than 20 years ago, authors recommended taxonomic revision for the American pipistrelles by placing subflavus in a separate genus called Perimyotis, and hesperus in a another separate genus called "Parastrellus." Recently, a comprehensive study of the molecular phylogenetics of vespertilionid bats affirmed these suggested revisions. However, the name "Parastrellus" is currently unavailable according to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature because no formal description of the genus has been provided. In this study, we provide additional morphological and genetic data demonstrating the marked divergence among hesperus, subflavus, Pipistrellus, and other Pipistrellus-like genera, and provide a formal description of a new generic name for the nominal species P. hesperus.}, keywords = {[Neoromicia] Eptesicus matroka, [Pipistrellus bellieri] Hypsugo eisentrauti, Arielulus circumdatus, Arielulus cuprosus, Chiroptera, Eptesicus bobrinskoi, Eptesicus brasiliensis, Eptesicus dimissus, Eptesicus floweri, Eptesicus furinalis, Eptesicus fuscus, Eptesicus nasutus, Falsistrellus tasmaniensis, Glauconycteris argentata, Glauconycteris poensis, Glauconycteris variegata, Glischropus tylopus, Hesperoptenus blanfordi, Hesperoptenus tickelli, Hesperoptenus tomesi, Hypsugo affinis, Hypsugo alaschanicus, Hypsugo arabicus, Hypsugo ariel, Hypsugo bodenheimeri, Hypsugo cadornae, Hypsugo imbricatus, Hypsugo joffrei, Hypsugo kitcheneri, Hypsugo macrotis, Hypsugo musciculus, Hypsugo pulveratus, Hypsugo savii, Hypsugo vordermanni, Laephotis angolensis, Laephotis botswanae, Laephotis wintoni, Lasiurus cinereus, Lasiurus ega, Mimetillus moloneyi, morphology, Neoromicia brunneus, Neoromicia capensis, Neoromicia guineensis, Neoromicia nanus, Neoromicia rendalli, Neoromicia somalicus, Neoromicia zuluensis, Nyctalus azoreum, Nycticeinops schlieffenii, Nycticeius humeralis, Parastrellus hesperus, Parastrellus nov. gen., Perimyotis subflavus, Philetor brachypterus, phylogeny, Pipistrellus abramus, Pipistrellus ceylonicus, Pipistrellus collinus, Pipistrellus coromandra, Pipistrellus inexspectatus, Pipistrellus javanicus, Pipistrellus kuhlii, Pipistrellus maderensis, Pipistrellus mordax, Pipistrellus nanulus, Pipistrellus nathusii, Pipistrellus papuanus, Pipistrellus paterculus, Pipistrellus pipistrellus, Pipistrellus pygmaeus, Pipistrellus rueppellii, Pipistrellus rusticus, Pipistrellus stenopterus, Pipistrellus tenuis (mimus), Pipistrellus tramatus, Scotoecus albigula, Scotoecus hindei [hirundo], Scotoecus pallidus, Scotozous dormeri, systematics, taxonomy, Tomopeas ravus, Tylonycteris pachypus, Tylonycteris robustula, Vespadelus pumilus}, author = {Hoofer, S. R. and Van Den Bussche, R. A. and Hor{\'a}{\v c}ek, I.} } @article {3941, title = {A new genus of vespertilionid bat from Early Miocene of Jebel Zelten, Libya, with comments on Scotophilus and early history of vespertilionid bats (Chiroptera)}, journal = {Lynx}, volume = {37}, year = {2006}, month = {2006}, pages = {131-150}, abstract = {(A well preserved mandible of a vespertilionid bat is described from the MN45 site Jebel Zelten MS2, Libya. The bat shows a greatly derived state in most of dental characters, but it differs from the Recent genera with corresponding degree of dental reduction (Eptesicus, Scotomanes, Hesperoptenus), in shape of molars and symphyseal region. In certain respects it reminds the Recent Scotophilus and the Late Paleogene African genus Philisis. A possibility that Philisis and the Jebel Zelten bat, described here as Scotophilisis libycus gen. nov et sp. nov, form a stem line of Scotophilus is discussed in context with recent molecular data on position of the genus.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, evolution, fossils, Libya, morphology, North Africa, palaeontology, Scotophilisis libycus gen. \& sp. nov., Vespertilionidae}, author = {Hor{\'a}{\v c}ek, I. and Fejfar, O. and Hulva, P.} } @article {2914, title = {Barn owl pellets: A useful tool for monitoring small mammal communities?}, journal = {Belgian Journal of Zoology}, volume = {135}, number = {suppl.}, year = {2005}, month = {2005}, pages = {39-43}, abstract = {Monthly fluctuations in the diet of barn owl Tyto alba were compared to prey availability in a typical South African dry sandy highveld grassland over a 12 month period. Mice, shrews, bats, birds and insects were all major prey items, and their contribution in pellets fluctuated significantly over months. Barn owl proved to be very efficient samplers of the small mammal prey group: not only was the owl more successful than museum personnel in sampling the variety of species present during a specific time of year, but peaks in prey utilization were also more characteristic of actual fluctuations than that found by traps. Owl pellet analysis is a valuable asset during small mammal monitoring studies, and is especially useful for sampling small mammal indicator species during environmental impact assessments. However, owl pellet analysis should never be seen as an alternative for small mammal trapping when small mammal community structure is the focus of study.}, keywords = {Aves, Chiroptera, diet, Insecta, Mammalia, predation, prey, Rodentia, Soricidae, South Africa, Strigiformes, Tyto alba}, author = {Avenant, N. L.} } @article {5019, title = {Bat survey in the Cederberg Wilderness Area, Western Cape, South Africa (28 January - 3 February 1999)}, journal = {African Bat Conservation News}, volume = {2}, year = {2005}, month = {2005}, pages = {7-9}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Cistugidae, Cistugo lesueuri, Eptesicus hottentotus, Laephotis namibensis, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus schreibersii, Molossidae, Myotis tricolor, Neoromicia capensis, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus capensis, Sauromys petrophilus, South Africa, survey, Tadarida aegyptiaca, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Seamark, E. C. J. and Brand, M.} } @book {4734, title = {Bats and Bat Flowers in a West African Rainforest Community}, year = {2005}, note = {unpaginated}, month = {2005}, publisher = {Ph.D. Thesis}, organization = {Ph.D. Thesis}, address = {G{\"o}teborg University}, abstract = {Little information exists on what plants Africa{\textquoteright}s only nectar specialized bat, Megaloglossus woermanni feeds on, and to what extent other forest dwelling bats utilize nectar. Accordingly, little is known of how the resources are distributed in time and space, and how the plants display the rewards, factors presumably affecting the foraging strategies of the visitors. The aim of this thesis was to fill some of this gap and explore the interactions between bats and bat flowers in a West African rain forest community, in Ta{\"{\i} national park (Ivory Coast).Bats were caught in five permanent plots and presence of pollen in the fur and feces were scored. Before release the bats were marked using a ball chain with an individual number. Flowering phenology for five bat-pollinated tree species in the area was recorded and their density estimated by line transect and square samplings. In order to characterize the floral scent, the floral odour of eight West African bat pollinated plants species was characterized by in situ head space collection and GC-MS analyses.Of seven regularly occurring pteropodid species, nectar and pollen was important to only the nectar specialist Megaloglossus woermanni and the opportunistic fruit and nectar feeding Myonycteris torquata. Six plant species accounted for 98\% of all pollen findings and Parkia bicolor, Maranthes aubrevillei and M. glabra were equally visited by M. torquata and M. woermanni. Flowers of three other species were mainly or only visited by M. woermanni. The plant species flowered sequentially and most species were mass flowering. Anthocleista nobilis was the only tree flowering through out the year, and is suggested to be a keystone species in this area for M. woermanni during periods of low food availability.The floral scent of the eight investigated species neither shared any specific compounds nor any other discernible pattern in their floral scent composition. Most of the identified compounds are common in the floral scent of species pollinated by a variety of animals. Adansonia digitata (Bombacaceae) was the only African species found to have a substantial amount of sulphur compounds in its floral scent. This feature contrasts with the New Worlds bat-pollinated plants, which frequently contain these compounds. Flowers of Ceiba pentandra (Bombacaceae), native to both South America and Africa, did not contain any sulphur substances in the floral scent, unlike a previous study in the New World, in which the major floral scent constituents were sulphur compounds. We suggest that the differences in the floral scent of C. pentandra, including the absence of sulphur compounds in the African variety, result from the different selective regimes exerted by the flower visiting Pteropodidae bats in Africa and Phyllostomidae bats in the New World, respectively.The two smallest resident bat species in the area, the nectarivorous M. woermanni and the frugivorous Scotonycteris zenkeri, showed the highest site fidelity over extended periods, indicating residency in rather small areas. M. torquata appears to have low site fidelity, but stays in the local area. The two migrating species, and the largest resident species were never recaptured.}, keywords = {animal-plant interactions, Anthocleista nobilis, Ceiba pentandra, Chiroptera, C{\^o}te d{\textquoteright}Ivoire, Eidolon helvum, Epomops buettikoferi, floral scent, flowers, Hypsignathus monstrosus, Ivory Coast, Maranthes spp., mark-recapture, Megaloglossus woermanni, Myonycteris torquata, Nanonycteris veldkampii, Parkia bicolor, Pentadesma butyracea, phenology, pollen, pollination, Pteropodidae, resource availability, Scotonycteris ophiodon, Scotonycteris zenkeri, site fidelity, Ta{\"{\i} National Park, West Africa}, author = {Pettersson, S.} } @article {4195, title = {Between Cancer and Capricorn: Phylogeny, evolution and ecology of the primarily tropical Zingiberales}, journal = {Biologiske Skrifter}, volume = {55}, year = {2005}, month = {2005}, pages = {459-478}, abstract = {The Zingiberales are a group of primarily tropical monocots that includes eight families, ca. 96 genera, and about 2,000 species. Phylogenetic results based on sequence data and morphology show that the four "banana-families" (Musaceae, Lowiaceae, Strelitziaceae, and Heliconiaceae) share the plesiomorphic state of five or six fertile stamens and comprise a basal paraphyletic assemblage. The four "ginger-families," with the synapomorphy of a single fertile anther and four or five highly modified staminodia, form a terminal clade of two lineages with the Zingiberaceae + Costaceae and Cannaceae + Marantaceae as sister groups. The Zingiberales are found on all major continents with tropical climates. While Marantaceae, Zingiberaceae, and Costaceae are pantropically distributed, Musaceae is found only in Southeast Asia and Africa, Strelitziaceae only in Africa and the Americas, and Heliconiaceae only in the Americas and Melanesia. The two families most restricted in distribution, Lowiaceae and Cannaceae, are found only in Southeast Asia or the Americas, respectively. The historical biogeography of the family was reconstructed using dispersal-vicariance analysis in combination with dating of nodes based on evidence from the fossil record and local molecular clocks rising atpB sequence data. The common ancestor of the Zingiberales is estimated to have originated 158 Ma with six of the eight families established by the end of the Cretaceous. Dispersal-vicariance analyses suggest that the ancestral Zingiberales were distributed in tropical Gondwanaland encompassing the present day Americas, Africa, and Southeast Asia with subsequent dispersals between Africa and the Americas. The current distribution of the Zingiberales is a product of numerous secondary and tertiary dispersal events between the major tropical regions of the world. The phylogenetic diversification and biogeographic dispersal of the Zingiberales was in part driven by the evolutionary radiation and diversification of their associated animal pollinators, which include bats, birds, non-flying mammals, and insects. Six of the eight families of the Zingiberales contain taxa specialized for pollination by vertebrates, which appears to be the plesiomorphic state in the order. Of these six families two are exclusively vertebrate-pollinated (Strelitziaceae, Heliconiaceae). Pollination by insects also occurs in six families with one (Marantaceae) or possibly two (Lowiaceae) families predominantly specialized for insect visitors. Current models of the genetic regulation of floral development coupled with phylogenetic data and ecological observations provide new insights into the evolutionary pathways that have resulted in the wonderful diversity of this widespread order of tropical angiosperms.}, author = {Kress, W. J. and Specht, C. D.} } @article {4010, title = {Charles Immanuel Forsyth Major{\textquoteright}s expedition to Madagascar, 1894 to 1896: Beginnings of modern systematic study of the island{\textquoteright}s mammalian fauna}, journal = {J. nat. Hist.}, volume = {39}, number = {20}, year = {2005}, month = {2005}, pages = {1779-1818}, abstract = {Charles Immanuel Forsyth Major (1843-1923) made the first synoptic systematic collection of mammals from Madagascar in the last decade of the 19th century. To reconstruct Major{\textquoteright}s obscurely known itinerary, we located 994 specimens that originated from his 1894-1896 expedition and determined their identification, dates and locality of collection, and current institutional repository. Fifty species were recovered from 26 localities centred in the Central Highlands and Eastern Humid Forest of east-central Madagascar. The geographic position of several type localities is refined and their coordinates estimated, and the type locality of one taxon (Microgale pusilla Major, 1896) is accordingly amended. Biographical details of the man, the biodiversity significance of his collections and the historical context of his discoveries are discussed.}, keywords = {[Neoromicia] Eptesicus matroka, Africa, Afrosoricida, Artiodactyla, Carnivora, Chiroptera, Eidolon dupreanum, Lipotyphla, Madagascar, Mammalia, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus fraterculus, Miniopterus majori, Miniopterus manavi, Molossidae, Mormopterus acetabulosus, Mormopterus jugularis, Myotis goudoti, Primates, Pteropodidae, Pteropus rufus rufus, Rodentia, Scotophilus borbonicus, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Jenkins, P. D. and Carleton, M. D.} } @article {4159, title = {Continued existence of Martienssen{\textquoteright}s mastiff bat, Otomops martiensseni (Matschie 1897) (Molossidae) on Mt. Suswa, Kenya}, journal = {African Bat Conservation News}, volume = {3}, year = {2005}, month = {2005}, pages = {2-5}, keywords = {Aves, Chiroptera, day roosts, East Africa, Kenya, Molossidae, Otomops martiensseni, predation, Strigiformes, Tyto alba}, author = {Kock, D. and Reinhardt, K. and Naylor, R. A. and Siva-Jothy, M. T.} } @book {4802, title = {Contribution {\`a} l{\textquoteright}{\'e}tude du Comportement Alimentaire de la Chauve-souris {\`a} Nez Feuillu: Hipposideros commersoni commersoni (Hill et Bull, 1963) (Chiropt{\`e}res; Hipposideridae) dans le Parc National Ankarafantsika}, year = {2005}, month = {2005}, pages = {VIII+92 pp., Annexes}, publisher = {DEA-thesis}, organization = {DEA-thesis}, address = {Universit{\'e} d{\textquoteright}Antananarivo}, abstract = {This study examines the foraging behaviour of Hipposideros commersoni commersoni, Commerson{\textquoteright}s nose-leaf bat, in the Ankarafantsika National Park. This species of insectivorous bat is endemic, and has a large distribution in Madagascar except in centre. The foraging behaviour was observed from February 25th to April 10th 2004. The aim was to determine feeding activity, and to identify insect prey. Faecal analysis of droppings collected after the capture was use. Hunting was characterised by brief and direct flights to catch the insects using echolocation and from perches. The maximum activity was at dusk and at dawn. This activity was highest in the primary forest with open areas. The diet animal was composed of insects from 11 orders. Food was usually arthropods with hard exoskeletons, especially beetles of the families Scarabaeidae, Carabidae, Elateridae, Chrysomelidae and Hemiptera of the sub-orders Heteroptera and Fulgoromorphes. Given that H. c. commersoni is dependent on the forest, habitat loss by bush fire and the hunting are the main threats to this species.}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, diet, faecal samples, food, foraging, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros commersonii, Insecta, Madagascar, perch-hunting}, author = {Ralisata, M.} } @article {5017, title = {Correction and update of distribution data for Cloeotis percivali Thomas, 1901 (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae: Hipposidernae) in Southern Africa}, journal = {African Bat Conservation News}, volume = {4}, year = {2005}, month = {2005}, pages = {3-5}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Cloeotis percivali, distribution, Hipposideridae, Southern Africa}, author = {Seamark, E. C. J.} } @article {4850, title = {The diet of Malagasy Microchiroptera based on stomach contents}, journal = {Mammalian Biol.}, volume = {70}, number = {5}, year = {2005}, month = {2005}, pages = {312-316}, keywords = {Africa, Arthropoda, Chiroptera, diet, Emballonura sp. nov. [tiavato], Emballonuridae, food, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros commersoni, Insecta, Madagascar, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus manavi, Myotis goudoti, Triaenops rufus, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Razakarivony, V. and Rajemison, B. and Goodman, S. M.} } @article {3669, title = {The distribution and conservation of bats in the dry regions of Madagascar}, journal = {Animal Conservation}, volume = {8}, number = {2}, year = {2005}, month = {2005}, pages = {153-165}, abstract = {We carried out extensive field surveys in the dry forest portions of Madagascar to document the species of bats occurring in these regions. These data combined with information in the literature and museum specimen records indicate that 28 species of Chiroptera occur in this region of the island, of which we documented 27 during our inventories. The community composition at sites occurring in areas of water-eroded sedimentary rock is notably different from sites on alluvial substrates. In contrast to the majority of native land mammal species on Madagascar,much of the microchiropteran fauna is not dependent on large tracts of intact forest and anthropogenic perturbations of forests may have less direct impact on their long-term survival. Conservation strategies for Chiroptera in the dry regions of the island should focus on reducing various types of human disturbance of cave environments.}, keywords = {Africa, Chaerephon jobimena, Chaerephon leucogaster, Chiroptera, Coleura sp., Eidolon dupreanum, Emballonura sp. nov. [tiavato], Emballonuridae, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros commersoni, Madagascar, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus gleni, Miniopterus manavi, Molossidae, Mops leucostigma, Mops midas miarensis, Mormopterus jugularis, Myotis goudoti, Myzopoda aurita, Myzopodidae, Neoromicia malagasyensis, Otomops madagascariensis, Pipistrellus cf. kuhlii, Pipistrellus sp., Pteropodidae, Pteropus rufus, Rousettus madagascariensis, Scotophilus cf. borbonicus, Scotophilus robustus, Scotophilus sp. nov., Tadarida fulminans, Taphozous mauritianus, Triaenops auritus, Triaenops furculus, Triaenops rufus, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Goodman, S. M. and Andriafidison, D. and Andrianaivoarivelo, R. A. and Cardiff, S. G. and Ifticene, E. and Jenkins, R. K. B. and Kofoky, A. F. and Mbohoahy, T. and Rakotondravony, D. and Ranivo, J. and Ratrimomanarivo, F. H. and Razafimanahaka, H. J. and Racey, P. A.} } @article {5097, title = {Early twentieth-century mammal collecting in Africa: The Smithsonian-Roosevelt East African Expedition of 1909-1910}, journal = {Archives of Natural History}, volume = {32}, number = {1}, year = {2005}, month = {2005}, pages = {70-79}, abstract = {This paper deals with the scientific contributions made by Colonel Theodore Roosevelt (1858-1919) and the three mammalogists attached to the Smithsonian-Roosevelt East African Expedition of 1909-1910. These individuals included Lieutenant-Colonel (retired) Edgar Alexander Mearns (1856-1916), an old friend of Roosevelt{\textquoteright}s and a retired Army surgeon-naturalist; Edmund Heller (1875-1947), long-time field naturalist with previous experience in Africa, and J. Alden Loring (1871-1947), a veteran field collector in the United States. They joined Roosevelt and his son Kermit (1889-1943), in the senior Roosevelt{\textquoteright}s efforts to collect large game mammal specimens for the United States National Museum. Washington, DC. The group also observed and collected more than 160 species of carnivores, ungulates, rodents, insectivores, and bats. Departing New York shortly after Roosevelt{\textquoteright}s tenure as President of the United States ended in March 1909, the party debarked at Mombasa in April, and spent most of the next year in Kenya and Uganda. They also visited Sudan before the expedition ended at Khartoum in March 1910. Other subjects discussed include the expedition{\textquoteright}s objectives and financing, the information gathered by expedition members and the publications which resulted.}, keywords = {East Africa, Kenya, Mammalia, Smithsonian Institution, Uganda, United States National Museum, USNM}, url = {Sterling 2005.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2005.32.1.64}, author = {Sterling, K. B.} } @article {3918, title = {Echolocation signals and pinnae movement in the fruitbat Rousettus aegyptiacus}, journal = {Acta Chiropterologica}, volume = {7}, number = {1}, year = {2005}, month = {2005}, pages = {83-90}, abstract = {The fruit bat Rousettus aegyptiacus has highly mobile pinnae. Little is known about the role that such movements play in sound localisation however and whether they interact with the process of echolocation in this species. Here we report the correspondence of echolocation signals in free flight with the downward wingbeat and forward movement of the pinnae, and demonstrate that the ears have a greater sensitivity to click stimuli in front of the animal when directed forwards than when back and to the side. The potential significance of the production of echolocation signals whilst the ears are moving from their least sensitive to their most sensitive position is discussed.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, echolocation, Pteropodidae, Rousettus aegyptiacus}, author = {Holland, R. A. and Waters, D. A.} } @article {2981, title = {Effect of location and season on the arthropod prey of Nycteris grandis (Chiroptera: Nycteridae)}, journal = {African Zoology}, volume = {40}, number = {1}, year = {2005}, month = {2005}, pages = {93-97}, abstract = {Analysis of culled arthropod prey parts collected from beneath four feeding perches was used to assess prey taken by Nycteris grandis from November 1987 to May 1988. The perches were located along the Zambezi River in Mana Pools National Park in Zimbabwe. With the exception of an occasional solifugid, N. grandis ate mainly insects in addition to frogs and other small vertebrates. Three species of katydids and many species of moths were the most common prey. While bats using one feeding perch fed heavily on two species of cicadas at times, those at the other perches rarely did. There also were differences in the incidences of antlions, mantids and beetles in the diets of bats using different perches. Extensive samples from two feeding roosts about 2 km apart showed significant differences in prey composition. Smaller samples from two sites closer to one another showed similar patterns of the incidence of different prey.}, keywords = {Arthropoda, Chiroptera, diet, food, Insecta, Lepidoptera, night roosts, Nycteridae, Nycteris grandis, Orthoptera, seasonality, Southern Africa, Tettigoniidae, Zimbabwe}, author = {Bayefsky-Anand, S.} } @article {5284, title = {Environmental education as a component of multidisciplinary conservation programs: Lessons from conservation initiatives for critically endangered fruit bats in the western Indian Ocean}, journal = {Conserv. Biol.}, volume = {19}, number = {1}, year = {2005}, month = {2005}, pages = {75-85}, abstract = {Pteropus livingstonii, P. voeltzkowi, and P. rodricensis are three critically endangered fruit bats from western Indian Ocean islands for which multidisciplinary conservation programs have been established that include environmental education programs (EEPs). We describe these EEPs in terms of the strategies used to achieve them and evaluate the educational and conservation outcomes and impacts of the programs. Educational outputs (including posters, stickers, videos, lesson plans, and workshops), primarily linking human needs to the ecosystem services provided by bats, were delivered to schools and community groups, and local environmental educators were trained to further develop the EEPs. Outcomes included increased local awareness about the bats and their conservation, training of environmental educators, inclusion of bat conservation and environmental issues in the school curricula, and establishment of community-based environmental nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). Extensive prior planning, presentations in local languages, distribution of outputs through existing networks of educators, training of local educators, establishment of local environmental NGOs, and local capacity-building were all associated with these EEPs achieving their goals in the under-resourced island locations where these bats are found. The EEPs were also important in the development of other components of their respective conservation programs, such as population monitoring programs. Although long-term conservation impacts, particularly tackling habitat loss, are slow to materialize and social and economic issues need to be addressed, these EEPs have already had important outcomes and have established the foundation for future conservation actions.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, conservation, East Africa, education, environmental awareness, Indian Ocean, Pteropodidae, Pteropus livingstonii, Pteropus rodricensis, Pteropus voeltzkowi}, url = {Trewhella et al. 2005.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00548.x/abs}, author = {Trewhella, W. J. and Rodriguez-Clark, K. M. and Corp, N. and Entwistle, A. C. and Garrett, S. R. T. and Granek, E. F. and Lengel, K. L. and Raboude, M. J. and Reason, P. F. and Sewall, B. J.} } @book {4739, title = {Etude de l{\textquoteright}{\'e}cologie du Megachiropt{\`e}re Eidolon dupreanum (Pollen, 1866) et de son R{\^o}le dans la Dispersion des Graines en Lisi{\`e}re du Corridor Forestier Reliant les Parcs Nationaux de Ranomafana et d{\textquoteright}Andringitra}, year = {2005}, month = {2005}, pages = {vii+78 pp., Annexes I-XXIV}, publisher = {DEA-thesis}, organization = {DEA-thesis}, address = {Universit{\'e} d{\textquoteright}Antananarivo}, abstract = {This study examines seed dispersal in the endemic fruit bat Eidolon dupreanum and its potential role in forest regeneration of Malagasy rainforest. Faecal analysis of dropping collected under roosting bats and feeding was used to determine the diet from April 19th to May 25th 2004. The regenerating vegetation around day roosts was also assessed, to describe characteristics of seed dispersal. E. dupreanum is principally a frugivorous species and 15 species of fruiting tree were found during this study. Flowers and leaves are occasionally eaten. A selectivity index revealed that E. dupreanum preferentially eats fruit from the rainforest (e.g. Polyscias spp.) even though cultivated fruits were available in abundance during the study. E. dupreanum may thus be a specialist species as opposed to a generalist species, as it eats only 20.4\% of the species whose fruits are available. By regularly feeding inside the forest and returning to roost sites situated outside of the corridor, E. dupreanum is a potentially important long-distance seed disperser. Its use of anthropizised zones may facilitate the regeneration of small areas of natural forest outside of the main forest corridor. Given the importance of E. dupreanum to ecosystem function and the high-levels of roost disturbance from hunters, conservation planning should include the roost sites of fruit bats when they fall outside of protected areas.}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, diet, Eidolon dupreanum, food, frugivory, Madagascar, Pteropodidae, seed dispersal, tropical forests}, author = {Picot, M. M.} } @article {4819, title = {The first records of the synanthropic occurrence of Scotophilus spp. on Madagascar}, journal = {African Bat Conservation News}, volume = {6}, year = {2005}, month = {2005}, pages = {3-5}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, Madagascar, Scotophilus marovaza, Scotophilus robustus, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Ratrimomanarivo, F. H. and Goodman, S. M.} } @article {5418, title = {The flora and mammals of the moist semi-deciduous forest zone in the Sefwi-Wiawso District of the Western Region, Ghana}, journal = {West African Journal of Applied Ecology}, volume = {8}, year = {2005}, month = {2005}, pages = {49-64}, abstract = {The study presents results of a floristic and mammal survey undertaken in the Sefwi-Wiawso District within moist semi-deciduous vegetation zone of the Western Region of Ghana. The floral survey involved estimating the floral distribution, abundance and diversity using the standard indices, Shannon-Wiener, Simpson{\textquoteright}s, evenness, species richness, similarity, and {\^a}-diversity, while the mammal survey was conducted using direct opportunistic observation, live-trapping (small mammals), animal spoors/trophies, and interviews. There were 271 plant species recorded, out of which 174 species comprising 172 species and 67 families of angiosperms (Angiospermae) and two species of ferns (Pteridophyta) were scientifically-named. Forty species of mammals representing eight orders were recorded, with the dominant orders being Rodentia and Artiodactyla. The greatest faunal diversity occurred in the forest reserves, where suitable habitat niches still occur. There were 48 individuals of seven species of rodents and one individual of one insectivore species captured during live-trapping, with the commonest species being common mice (Mus spp.) and brush-furred mice (Lophuromys flavopunctatus). The greatest threat to the survival of the fauna is habitat destruction. Generally, the Sefwi-Wiawso District is very rich in forest tree species, the commonest being the Celtis-Triplochiton associations, but bad agricultural practices, bush burning, intense logging, fuelwood harvesting and pollution have resulted in poor soil quality and land degradation in certain areas. Hunting of animals for meat, and destruction of habitats were the greatest threats to faunal diversity and abundance in the Sefwi-Wiawso District.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Eidolon helvum, Ghana, Mammalia, plants, Pteropodidae, Rodentia, Rousettus aegyptiacus, Vegetation, West Africa}, author = {Vordzogbe, V. V. and Attuquayefio, D. K. and Gbogbo, F.} } @article {3989, title = {Foraging and roosting ecology of a rare insectivorous bat species, Laephotis wintoni (Thomas, 1901), Vespertilionidae}, journal = {Acta Chiropterologica}, volume = {7}, number = {1}, year = {2005}, month = {2005}, pages = {101-109}, abstract = {{Laephotis wintoni is a rare bat and little is known about its biology. We studied this species at Algeria Forestry Station in the Western Cape Province, South Africa. A female caught in November 2002 was pregnant and three females caught in November 2004 were all lactating. The three lactating females were radio tagged and roosted in crevices or narrow fissures in a cliff face above the valley where they foraged. Laephotis wintoni is a small insectivorous bat (body mass, (x) over bar {\textpm} SD = 9.6 {\textpm} 0.5 g}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Laephotis wintoni, South Africa, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Jacobs, D. S. and Barclay, R. M. R. and Schoeman, M. C.} } @article {3746, title = {Fossil evidence and the origin of bats}, journal = {Journal of Mammalian Evolution}, volume = {12}, number = {1/2}, year = {2005}, month = {2005}, pages = {209-246}, abstract = {The phylogenetic and geographic origins of bats (Chiroptera) remain unknown. The earliest confirmed records of bats date from the early Eocene (approximately 51 Ma) in North America with other early Eocene bat taxa also being represented from Europe, Africa, and Australia. Where known, skeletons of these early taxa indicate that many of the anatomical specializations characteristic of bats had already been achieved by the early Eocene, including forelimb and manus elongation in conjunction with structural changes in the pectoral skeleton, hind limb reorientation, and the presence of rudimentary echolocating abilities. By the middle Eocene, the diversification of bats was well underway with many modern families being represented among fossil forms. A new phylogenetic analysis indicates that several early fossil bats are consecutive sister taxa to the extant crown group (including megabats), and suggests a single origin for the order, at least by the late Paleocene. Although morphological studies have long placed bats in the Grandorder Archonta, (along with primates dermopterans, and tree shrews), recent molecular studies have refuted this hypothesis, instead strongly supporting placement of bats in Laurasiatheria. Primitively, proto-bats were likely insectivorous, under-branch hangers and elementary gliders that exploited terminal branch habitats. Recent work has indicated that a number of other mammalian groups began to exploit similar arboreal, terminal branch habitats in the Paleocene, including multituberculates, eulipotyphlans, dermopterans, and plesiadapiforms. This may offer an ecological explanation for morphological convergences that led to the erroneous inclusion of bats within Archonta: ancestral archontan groups as well as proto-bats apparently were exploiting similar arboreal habitats, which may have led to concurrent development of homoplasic morphological attributes.}, keywords = {anatomy, Chiroptera, evolution, flying, fossils, morphology, palaeontology, phylogeny}, url = {Gunnell \& Simmons 2005.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10914-005-6945-2}, author = {Gunnell, G. F. and Simmons, N. B.} } @article {4323, title = {Fruit bats as reservoirs of Ebola virus}, journal = {Nature}, volume = {438}, number = {7068}, year = {2005}, note = {See Bradbury 2006; Letters: Fenton et al. 2006; Biek et al. 2006}, month = {2005}, pages = {575-576}, abstract = {The first recorded human outbreak of Ebola virus was in 1976, but the wild reservoir of this virus is still unknown. Here we test for Ebola in more than a thousand small vertebrates that were collected during Ebola outbreaks in humans and great apes between 2001 and 2003 in Gabon and the Republic of the Congo. We find evidence of asymptomatic infection by Ebola virus in three species of fruit bat, indicating that these animals may be acting as a reservoir for this deadly virus.}, keywords = {Central Africa, Chiroptera, Congo (Brazzaville), Ebola, Epomops franqueti, Filoviridae, Gabon, Hypsignathus monstrosus, infectious diseases, Myonycteris torquata, Pteropodidae, virology}, url = {Leroy et al. 2005.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/438575a}, author = {Leroy, E. M. and Kumulungui, B. and Pourrut, X. and Rouquet, P. and Hassanin, A. and Yaba, P. and D{\'e}licat, A. and Paweska, J. T. and Gonzalez, J.-P. and Swanepoel, R.} } @article {4491, title = {Genetic and phenotypic differences between South African long-fingered bats, with a global miniopterine phylogeny}, journal = {J. Mamm.}, volume = {86}, number = {6}, year = {2005}, month = {2005}, pages = {1121-1135}, abstract = {The Natal long-fingered bat (Miniopterus natalensis) and lesser long-fingered bat (M. fraterculus) are morphologically almost indistinguishable and occur sympatrically over much of their southern African range. This raises the possibility that they are sister taxa. We employed a multidisciplinary approach to examine their taxonomic relationship to one another and to other Miniopterus species, whose global phylogeny requires review. We examined echolocation, morphological, and dietary differences between M. natalensis and M. fraterculus, as well as both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA variation between them in the context of a phylogeny incorporating 13 Miniopterus species and subspecies. Despite similarities in their morphology and distribution, M. natalensis and M. fraterculus echolocate at peak frequencies separated by 12 kHz, and both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA markers confirm they are distinct species. Analysis of cytochrome-b (Cytb) sequences further indicates that M. fraterculus and M. natalensis are not sister taxa; M. fraterculus appears to be more closely related to the greater long-fingered bat (M. inflatus). Examination of the global taxonomy of Miniopterus confirms that Schreibers{\textquoteright}s long-fingered bat (M. schreibersii) forms a paraphyletic species complex. Furthermore, the miniopterine bats are divided into 2 geographically isolated monophyletic groups, one containing African and European species, and the other taxa from Australasia and Asia. Cytb sequence divergence also suggests that M. natalensis is distinct from the European M. schreibersii. These results support the elevation of M. natalensis to full species rank.}, keywords = {Australia, China, Chiroptera, Cistugidae, Cistugo lesueuri, Cynomops paranus, Guyana, Israel, Japan, Madagascar, Malawi, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus australis, Miniopterus fraterculus, Miniopterus inflatus, Miniopterus macrocneme, Miniopterus manavi, Miniopterus natalensis, Miniopterus schreibersii, Miniopterus schreibersii bassanii, Miniopterus schreibersii fuliginosus, Miniopterus schreibersii orianae, Miniopterus schreibersii pallidus, Miniopterus sp., Molossidae, New Guinea, South Africa, Spain, Vanatu, Vespertilionidae, Zambia}, url = {Miller-Butterworth et al. 2005.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1644/05-MAMM-A-021R1.1}, author = {Miller-Butterworth, C. M. and Eick, G. N. and Jacobs, D. S. and Schoeman, M. C. and Harley, E. H.} } @article {3081, title = {Geometric morphometrics and cladistics: Testing evolutionary relationships in mega- and microbats}, journal = {Acta Chiropterologica}, volume = {7}, number = {1}, year = {2005}, month = {2005}, pages = {39-49}, abstract = {Traditionally, morphometric data have consisted of distances, angles, or ratios, and have been considered inappropriate for cladistic analyses. Recently, geometric morphometrics, based on homologous landmark point-coordinates, has provided a number of advantages over traditional morphometric data and methods, including the possibility that phylogenetically informative characters and character-states may be extracted and used in cladistic analyses. Using two data sets of 3-dimensional point coordinates collected from skulls of bats, we empirically evaluate this possibility. Partial warps were extracted from the point-coordinate matrix, and these were then re-coded by gap-coding, for use in the cladistic analyses. In the case of samples from Eidolon helvum populations (two mainland localities and four islands in the Gulf of Guinea), analyzing males and females separately, our analyses based on these data were unable to detect consistent phylogeographic patterns among the populations. In the case of samples from plecotine bat species, these analyses produced a consensus cladogram showing considerable concordance with an earlier cladistic analysis by us of this group. In both cases, our results reflect those of earlier studies (based on both morphologic and genetic data), suggesting that the data and analytic techniques described herein may have interesting utility in cladistic analyses.}, keywords = {Africa, Annob{\'o}n, Bioko, Chiroptera, Eidolon helvum, Gulf of Guinea, Myonycteris brachycephala, Myonycteris torquata, Plecotini, Pr{\'{\i}ncipe, Pteropodidae, Rousettus aegyptiacus, S{\~a}o Tom{\'e}, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Bogdanowicz, W. and Juste B., J. and Owen, R. D. and Sztencel, A.} } @article {3720, title = {The herpetofauna of Upper Niger National Park, Guinea, West Africa}, journal = {Scientific Papers Natural History Museum, University of Kansas}, number = {37}, year = {2005}, note = {See Ziegler et al. 2002, Nikolaus 2000, Brugiere \& Magassouba 2003}, month = {2005}, pages = {1-21}, abstract = {We conducted a preliminary survey of the herpetofauna in Upper Niger National Park at the end of the dry season in 2002. Museum holdings and literature records from localities within the park were combined with our data to obtain an overall picture of the herpetofauna. The park contains a mosaic of forest and savanna that straddles the Niger River. Twenty-two species of amphibians and 34 species of reptiles were recorded from the park; four species of amphibians and two of reptiles are the first records from Guinea. Seven species of reptiles are listed as threatened by the IUCN Red List or CITES, but according to the Global Amphibian Assessment, none of the amphibians is threatened. Stomach contents of an arboreal colubrid snake included a species of bat (Mops condylurus), which represents the first confirmed record from Guinea. Conservation of the park is paramount because: 1) it is the only protected area containing dry forest in Guinea; 2) gallery forest provides suitable habitat for amphibian, reptile, and mammal species otherwise restricted to tropical rainforest elsewhere in West Africa; and 3) several species of threatened reptiles endemic to West Africa are in the park.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Guinea, Molossidae, Mops condylurus, predation, prey, Serpentes, Toxicodryas blandingii, West Africa}, author = {Greenbaum, E. and Carr, J. L.} } @article {3310, title = {Hipposideros cyclops}, journal = {Mammalian Species}, number = {763}, year = {2005}, month = {2005}, pages = {1-7}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, genus, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros cyclops, identification key, review}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1644/1545-1410(2005)763[0001:HC]2.0.CO;2}, author = {Decher, J. and Fahr, J.} } @article {5366, title = {Lamprophis capensis (Dumeril \& Bibron, 1854) brown house snake: Diet}, journal = {African Herp News}, volume = {38}, year = {2005}, month = {2005}, pages = {25-26}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Colubridae, Lamprophis capensis, Neoromicia capensis, predation, South Africa, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Van Wyk, J. and Rautenbach, I. L.} } @inbook {3089, title = {An intersite comparison on fruit characteristics in Madagascar: Evidence for selection pressure through abiotic constraints rather than through co-evolution}, booktitle = {Tropical Fruits and Frugivores: The Search for Strong Interactors}, year = {2005}, month = {2005}, pages = {93-119}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, chapter = {vii+260}, address = {Den Hague}, abstract = {Fruit and seed characteristics are compared between a dry deciduous forest in the west and a humid littoral forest in the south-east of Madagascar to discriminate between the role of abiotic factors (humidity, climate, soil characteristics) and frugivorous vertebrates for the evolution of morphological and biochemical fruit characteristics. The sites differed in abiotic conditions but contain very similar communities of frugivorous vertebrates. Fruit selection by two lemur species (Eulemur fulvus and Cheirogaleus medius) that are important for seed dispersal and that are present at both study sites, was compared between sites to examine fixed selection criteria that could give rise to possible co-evolution between frugivores and their fruit species on the one hand or to dietary flexibility of the frugivores on the other hand. Our results show that most fruit characteristics differ significantly between study sites. Food selection by both lemur genera in relation to morphological and biochemical fruit characteristics co-varies closely with their representation at a given site. These results indicate that morphological and biochemical characteristics are more likely the result of abiotic conditions rather than of interactions between frugivorous lemurs and their food.}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, frugivory, fruit selection, lemurs, Madagascar, Mammalia, Primates, Pteropodidae, Pteropus rufus, seed dispersal}, isbn = {9781402038327}, url = {Bollen et al. 2005_proof.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3833-X_6}, author = {Bollen, A. and Donati, G. and Fietz, J. and Schwab, D. and Ramanamanjato, J.-B. and Randrihasipara, L. and Van Elsacker, L. and Ganzhorn, J. U.}, editor = {Dew, J. L. and Boubli, J. P.} } @article {5151, title = {Intraspecific variation in the calls of some African bats (Order Chiroptera)}, journal = {Durban Mus. Novit.}, volume = {30}, year = {2005}, month = {2005}, pages = {24-37}, abstract = {This study reports on new field (21 species) and acoustic (20 species) data resulting from surveys of bats in the Maasai Mara and Taita Hills areas of Kenya in May 2001. To test for significance and causes of intra-individual and interindividual call variation, spectral (peak frequency) and temporal (duration) call parameters of some of the species recorded in this study were compared statistically and non-statistically with equivalent data from other regions of Africa. In eight species from five families tested statistically, individual call sequences varied significantly within species, in either peak frequency and/or call duration. Inter-individual differences could be explained by individual signatures, habitat variation, geographical variation, sexual dimorphism and cryptic speciation. Rhinolophoid bat calls were distinguished from other bats investigated in having very low intra-sequence variation in peak frequency.}, keywords = {Cardioderma cor, Chaerephon pumilus, Chiroptera, Coleura afra, distribution, echolocation, Emballonuridae, Epomophorus wahlbergi, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros caffer, Lavia frons, Malawi, Megadermatidae, Molossidae, Neoromicia cf. capensis, Neoromicia nanus, Nycteridae, Nycteris hispida, Nycteris thebaica, Nycticeinops schlieffenii, Otomops martiensseni, Pipistrellus rueppellii, Pteropodidae, reproduction, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus hildebrandtii, Rhinolophus landeri, Scotoecus cf. albigula, Scotoecus cf. hindei, Scotophilus dinganii, South Africa, Tadarida ventralis, Triaenops persicus [afer], Vespertilionidae, Zimbabwe}, author = {Taylor, P. J. and Geiselman, C. and Kabochi, P. and Agwanda, B. and Turner, S.} } @article {4609, title = {An investigation into the role of the Mauritian flying fox, Pteropus niger, in forest regeneration}, journal = {Biol. Conservation}, volume = {122}, number = {3}, year = {2005}, month = {2005}, pages = {491-497}, abstract = {This study was conducted over a 7-month period in the south-west of Mauritius and investigates the diet of the endemic flying fox Pteropus niger and its potential role as pollinator and seed disperser. The identification of food plants and seed dispersal events were made by direct observations of bats or indirectly by the analysis of ejecta found on the ground. P. niger was observed to visit 22 plant species for food of which 20 were visited for fruit, two for floral resources, and one for foliage (one species was visited for both fruit and floral resources). Two thousand thirty-two P. niger fruit ejecta from 16 species were collected containing 2460 seeds. Ejecta from eight of these species (including five endemic to Mauritius) contained seeds, all of which were mature and intact (with one possible exception) and some were germinating. Forty-seven observations were made of the dispersal of seeds in fruit, ejecta and faeces, including seeds from three endemic and one native plant species. All seeds in dispersed ejecta were found to be mature and undamaged by bats. Pollen smears from the lips of six dead and 12 captured bats showed that these animals carried a minimum of 18 pollen species. Each smear had an average of 2.2 pollen species and a pollen load of 17.7 grains. Our results suggest that P. niger plays an important role in maintaining plant diversity in the heavily fragmented landscape of Mauritius.}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, Indian Ocean, Mauritius, plants, pollination, Pteropodidae, Pteropus niger, seed dispersal}, url = {Nyhagen et al. 2005.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2004.08.012}, author = {Nyhagen, D. F. and Turnbull, S. D. and Olesen, J. M. and Jones, C. G.} } @article {4282, title = {Pipistrellus nanus}, journal = {Mammalian Species}, number = {784}, year = {2005}, month = {2005}, pages = {1-7}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Neoromicia nanus, review, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Lausen, C. L. and Barclay, R. M. R.} } @article {2748, title = {Vespertilio nanus Peters, 1852 (currently Pipistrellus nanus; Mammalia, Chiroptera): Specific name given precedence over Vespertilio pipistrellus africanus R{\"u}ppell, 1842}, journal = {Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature}, volume = {62}, number = {2}, year = {2005}, note = {ICZN Opinion 2010}, month = {2005}, pages = {120-121}, abstract = {The Commission has ruled that the specific name of Pipistrellus nanus (Peters, 1852) for the African Banana bat (family Vespertilionidae) is conserved by giving it precedence over the senior subjective synonym Pipistrellus africanus (R{\"u}ppell, 1842).}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, Neoromicia nana, nomenclature, Pipistrellus africanus, Pipistrellus nanus, taxonomy, Vespertilionidae} } @article {3337, title = {Le baobab africain (Adansonia digitata L.): Principales caract{\'e}ristiques et utilisations}, journal = {Fruits}, volume = {61}, number = {1}, year = {2005}, month = {2005}, pages = {55-69}, abstract = {Introduction. Very characteristic of Sahelian areas, Adansonia digitata L. belongs to the Bombacaceae family. Essentially exploited in a spontaneous state for its fruits or its leaves, the baobab plays an important role in the local traditional cultures.The plant. This very big tree is clearly distinguishable from the other Adansonia species endemic in Madagascar and Australia, mainly by its very large trunk (up to 10 m in diameter), its pendular flowers and its rounded crown. It produces (150 to 300) g dry berries with a woody epicarp, most of the time ovoid, called "monkey bread". These fruits contain many seeds in a whitish and floury pulp. The compounded leaves consist of five to seven digitate leaflets. The baobab distribution area is very large. Very rustic, it is found in most of South Sahara{\textquoteright}s semi-arid and sub-humid regions as well as in the west side of Madagascar. The plant phenology depends on the rains profile, flowering and foliation occurring during the rainy season. Pollination is done by bats. The tree can be propagated by seeding or vegetative multiplication.The fruit. It consists of (14 to 28)\% of pulp with a low moisture content, acidic, starchy, rich in vitamin C, in calcium and magnesium. After separating of the seeds, the pulp is traditionally used as an ingredient in various preparations or to make beverages. In spite of some deficiency in lysine and the presence of some anti-nutritional factors, the seeds are an interesting protein source. They contain about 15\% of lipids. After cooking or grilling, they are either directly consumed or used like thickeners in powder form.The leaves. They are rich in vitamins (especially C and A) and in iron, and contain mucilage (10\% dm). The youngest can be consumed as vegetables, but they are often dried and then reduced into powder.Conclusion. Among the food products obtained from the baobab, the fruit pulp seems to have the strongest economic potential. Nevertheless, the local markets have to be evaluated. The development of the production of baobab fruits needs more investigation into the agronomy of the tree.}, keywords = {Adansonia digitata, Africa, Bombacaceae}, author = {Diop, A. G. and Sakho, M. and Dornier, M. and Cisse, M. and Reynes, M.} } @article {2921, title = {Micromammalian distribution and abundance in the Western Cape Province, South Africa, as evidenced by barn owls Tyto alba (Scopoli)}, journal = {J. nat. Hist.}, volume = {39}, number = {2}, year = {2005}, month = {2005}, pages = {2047-2071}, abstract = {The history of Western Cape mammalogy began almost 200 years ago with Thunberg (1811) and has been augmented periodically ever since. The present paper follows Vernon (1972) and Grindley et al. (1973) in eliciting information from material in barn owl Tyto alba (Scopoli) pellets. Analyses are based on identified and counted mandibles and maxillae. The Laminate vlei rat, Otomys laminatus Thomas and Schwann, and Krebs{\textquoteright}s fat mouse, Steatomys krebsii Peters, are shown to have wider distributions than were previously recorded. The Southern multimammate mouse, Mastomys coucha (A. Smith), is apparently expanding its range westwards, a move probably enabled by changes in vegetation due to farming practices. There appears to be some correspondence between proportional representation of some species and rainfall, either its amount per annum or its seasonality. Variation in alveolar length in Cape gerbils, Tatera afra (Gray), taken as a proxy for mean individual mass, suggests that mean size in this species may be influenced by rainfall seasonality. Although the Vlei rat, Otomys irroratus (Brants), is known to breed throughout the year, the present evidence indicates that in the West Coast National Park births peak in late spring and early summer, some two months after maximum rainfall. The Western Cape data support the concept that T. alba is a selective opportunist. Sample structure and co-occurrence of species in individual pellets both show that in some cases the owls are more nearly opportunistic while in others they appear to be considerably more selective.}, keywords = {Aves, body size, Chiroptera, Eptesicus hottentotus, Mammalia, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus schreibersii, Molossidae, Myotis tricolor, Neoromicia capensis, Nycteridae, Nycteris thebaica, precipitation, predation, predation pressure, predators, rainfall, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus capensis, Rhinolophus clivosus, Rodentia, seasonality, South Africa, Strigiformes, Tadarida aegyptiaca, Tyto alba, Tytonidae, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Avery, D. M. and Avery, G. and Palmer, N. G.} } @article {4087, title = {Morphometric analysis of cranial and external characters of Laephotis Thomas, 1901 (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from southern Africa}, journal = {Ann. Transv. Mus.}, volume = {42}, year = {2005}, month = {2005}, pages = {71-87}, abstract = {Morphometric analyses, which included palatal and post-palatal measurements, allow the distinction of Laephotis botswanae and L. cf. angolensis from other Laephotis species, and suggest the assignment of specimens from KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa previously identified as L. cf. wintoni to L. botswanae. The distinction between L. wintoni and L. namibensis, however, was not confirmed and still remains to be clarified. It is suggested that until the species distinction is further clarified by additional characters or other systematic techniques, the current species assignments be retained. Morphometric analyses based on cranial characters, which excluded palatal and post-palatal measurements, show some separation of the Laephotis species in the principal component analysis, but not in the cluster analysis. Analyses based on external characters only were not useful for the separation of the Laephotis species}, keywords = {Chiroptera, distribution maps, Laephotis angolensis, Laephotis botswanae, Laephotis namibensis, Laephotis wintoni, morphometrics, Southern Africa, systematics, taxonomy, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Kearney, T. C. and Seamark, E. C. J.} } @article {5474, title = {A multidimensional approach for detecting species patterns in Malagasy vertebrates}, journal = {Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA}, volume = {102}, number = {Suppl. 1}, year = {2005}, note = {Colloquium of the National Academy of Sciences: "Systematics and the Origin of Species: On Ernst Mayr{\textquoteright}s 100th Anniversary"}, month = {2005}, pages = {6587-6594}, abstract = {The biodiversity of Madagascar is extraordinarily distinctive, diverse, and endangered. It is therefore urgent that steps be taken to document, describe, interpret, and protect this exceptional biota. As a collaborative group of field and laboratory biologists, we employ a suite of methodological and analytical tools to investigate the vertebrate portion of Madagascar{\textquoteright}s fauna. Given that species are the fundamental unit of evolution, where micro- and macroevolutionary forces converge to generate biological diversity, a thorough understanding of species distribution and abundance is critical for understanding the evolutionary, ecological, and biogeographic forces that have shaped Malagasy vertebrate diversity. We illustrate the means by which we apply Mayr{\textquoteright}s "three basic tasks" of the systematist [Mayr, E. (1942) Systematics and the Origin of Species from the Viewpoint of a Zoologist (Harvard Univ. Press, Cambridge, MA)] to identify, classify, and study the organisms that together constitute Madagascar{\textquoteright}s vertebrate community. Using field inventory methods, specimen-based studies, and morphological and molecular analyses, we formulate hypotheses of species identity that then serve as the foundation for subsequent studies of biology and history. Our experience, as well as that of other investigators, has shown that much of the vertebrate species diversity in Madagascar is "cryptic" for both biological and practical reasons. Beyond issues of cryptic biological diversity, the resolution of species identity in Madagascar has been hampered because of a lack of vouchered comparative material at the population level. Through our activities, we are attempting to remedy these limitations while simultaneously enhancing research capacity in Madagascar.}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, Hipposideridae, lemurs, Madagascar, Primates, prosimians, Triaenops}, url = {Yoder et al. 2005.pdf http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/abstract/102/suppl_1/6587}, author = {Yoder, A. D. and Olson, L. E. and Hanley, C. and Heckman, K. L. and Rasoloarison, R. M. and Russell, A. L. and Ranivo, J. and Soarimalala, V. and Karanth, K. P. and Raselimanana, A. P. and Goodman, S. M.} } @article {4758, title = {The natural history of Ebola virus in Africa}, journal = {Microbes and Infection}, volume = {7}, number = {7-8}, year = {2005}, month = {2005}, pages = {1005-1014}, abstract = {Several countries spanning the equatorial forest regions of Africa have had outbreaks of Ebola hemorrhagic fever over the last three decades. This article is an overview of the many published investigations of how Ebola virus circulates in its natural environment, focusing on the viral reservoir, susceptible animal species, environmental conditions favoring inter-species transmission, and how the infection is transmitted to humans. Major breakthroughs have been made in recent years but many outstanding questions must be dealt with if we are to prevent human outbreaks by interfering with the viral life cycle.}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, Ebola, Filoviridae, infectious diseases, virology}, url = {Pourrut et al. 2005.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micinf.2005.04.006}, author = {Pourrut, X. and Kumulungui, B. and Wittmann, T. and Moussavou, G. and D{\'e}licat, A. and Yaba, P. and Nkoghe, D. and Gonzalez, J.-P. and Leroy, E. M.} } @article {4659, title = {New records and comments for the Mauritanian mammal fauna}, journal = {Mammalia}, volume = {69}, number = {2}, year = {2005}, month = {2005}, pages = {239-243}, keywords = {checklist, Chiroptera, Eptesicus floweri, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros caffer, Mammalia, Mauritania, Pipistrellus rueppellii, Vespertilionidae, West Africa}, author = {Padial, J. M. and Ib{\'a}{\~n}ez, C.} } @article {3783, title = {A new species of Myotis (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from central Africa}, journal = {Acta Chiropterologica}, volume = {7}, number = {1}, year = {2005}, note = {see Aellen \& Brosset 1968, Adam \& Le Pont 1974}, month = {2005}, pages = {9-21}, abstract = {A specimen of Myotis, collected by Jean-Paul Adam and later identified as Myotis megalopus, was compared with the holotype of megalopus and also with Myotis longipes from India and Afghanistan (which currently includes megalopus as a synonym). It was also compared with M. bocagii (which is sympatric and similar in size), M. daubentonii from Europe (which several authors reported as being very similar), and M. scotti (another sub-Saharan African species of similar size). Based on cranial and external morphology and morphometric data, Adam{\textquoteright}s specimen was found to be a new species. It differs in having the combination of a very weakly concave forehead region of the skull, relatively long feet, wing membranes attached to the bases of the tibiae, and no backwardly-curved hairs on the margin of the interfemoral membrane. It was collected in a limestone cave at Loudima in the Republic of Congo, in degraded rainforest near a river.}, keywords = {Central Africa, Chiroptera, Congo (Brazzaville), Myotis dieteri sp. nov., Nycteridae, Nycteris macrotis, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus landeri, systematics, taxonomy, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Happold, M.} } @article {3431, title = {A nuclear DNA phylogenetic perspective on the evolution of echolocation and historical biogeography of extant bats (Chiroptera)}, journal = {Mol. Biol. Evol.}, volume = {22}, number = {9}, year = {2005}, month = {2005}, pages = {1869-1886}, abstract = {Bats (Order Chiroptera), the only mammals capable of powered flight and sophisticated laryngeal echolocation, represent one of the most species-rich and ubiquitous orders of mammals. However, phylogenetic relationships within this group are poorly resolved. A robust evolutionary tree of Chiroptera is essential for evaluating the phylogeny of echolocation within Chiroptera, as well as for understanding their biogeographical history. We generated 4 kb of sequence data from portions of four novel nuclear intron markers for multiple representatives of 17 of the 18 recognized extant bat families, as well as the putative bat family Miniopteridae. Three echolocation-call characters were examined by mapping them onto the combined topology: (1) high-duty cycle versus low-duty cycle, (2) high-intensity versus low-intensity call emission, and (3) oral versus nasal emission. Echolocation seems to be highly convergent, and the mapping of echolocation-call design onto our phylogeny does not appear to resolve the question of whether echolocation had a single or two origins. Fossil taxa may also provide insight into the evolution of bats; we therefore evaluate 195 morphological characters in light of our nuclear DNA phylogeny. All but 24 of the morphological characters were found to be homoplasious when mapped onto the supermatrix topology, while the remaining characters provided insufficient information to reconstruct the placement of the fossil bat taxa with respect to extant families. However, a morphological synapomorphy characterizing the Rhinolophoidea was identified and is suggestive of a separate origin of echolocation in this clade. Dispersal-Vicariance analysis together with a relaxed Bayesian clock were used to evaluate possible biogeographic scenarios that could account for the current distribution pattern of extant bat families. Africa was reconstructed as the center of origin of modern-day bat families.}, keywords = {Africa, biogeography, Chiroptera, echolocation, evolution, molecular genetics, morphology, phylogeny}, url = {http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/22/9/1869}, author = {Eick, G. N. and Jacobs, D. S. and Matthee, C. A.} } @article {5345, title = {Ovarian activity and early embryonic development in the rusty bat, Pipistrellus rusticus}, journal = {African Zoology}, volume = {40}, number = {1}, year = {2005}, month = {2005}, pages = {45-54}, abstract = {The reproductive pattern of the female rusty bat, Pipistrellus rusticus, was investigated by means of a histological examination of the ovarian follicles as well as early embryonic development. Bats were collected from two localities in Limpopo Province. Female rusty bats are seasonal monestrous breeders, initiating copulation in mid-autumn (April), storing sperm until the time of ovulation in late winter (August), and giving birth to twins in late spring (November). The period April until mid-August was characterized by sperm storage and increased follicular development. During mid-August the females ovulated and excess sperm were discarded. Females released between three and five ova, while a maximum of two embryos implanted successfully. Only a single embryo implanted per uterine horn. Embryo movement through the Fallopian tubes appeared to be a rapid process. Redundant embryos were resorbed before implantation. The period from the end of August until mid-November was marked by pregnancy. Females invariably carried twins (one foetus in each uterine horn). Large-scale follicle atresion, and very low levels of follicle development, characterized the period end of August until March. High incidences of polyovular follicles were recorded for all months of the year. No obvious form of reproductive asymmetry was recorded in the rusty bat.}, keywords = {anatomy, Chiroptera, litter size, Pipistrellus rusticus, reproduction, seasonality, South Africa, Vespertilionidae}, author = {van der Merwe, M. and Mostert, T.} } @article {4438, title = {The palaeoecology of the micromammals from the late middle Pleistocene site of Hoedjiespunt 1 (Cape Province, South Africa)}, journal = {Journal of Human Evolution}, volume = {49}, number = {4}, year = {2005}, month = {2005}, pages = {432-451}, abstract = {The palaeontological site of Hoedjiespunt I (HDPI) represents a fossilized hyaena lair. A rich mammalian fauna, including four hominid teeth, has been recovered from the site. Micromammals were recovered from the same sediments as the larger fauna. Taphonomic analysis suggests that the micromammal assemblages from HDPI were accumulated by a barn owl. The barn owl produces micromammal assemblages that provide a broad sample of micromammals, within a certain size range, living in the hunting area of the owl. There are size-related and other biases inherent in the prey selection of this predator, and owls may roost in one area and hunt in another however, the barn owl has frequently been found to provide a better indication of micromammals living within an area than trapping. The micromammals from HDPI were used to reconstruct the microhabitats in the vicinity of the site. Two taxonomic habitat indexes were used to assess the environment and dominant habitat types at Hoedjiespunt 1. The variability and adaptability of many of the southern African micromammals complicates interpretation of the results, however, it appears that the micromammals from the HDPI fossil assemblages utilized habitats of open, scrub vegetation, and rocky and sandy areas. It is suggested that the environment was not markedly different from today, but it may have been relatively more arid. A comparison between HDPI and other fossil sites in the area dating from the terminal Pleistocene to the Holocene indicates that HDPI is lacking certain species that are common to all the other west coast fossil sites. There is some discrepancy in the environment indicated by the large mammals as compared that indicated by to the micromammals at the site. It is suggested that this discrepancy may reflect the fact that an owl is likely to have hunted in the vicinity of the hyaena den, probably in the more open areas around the roost site, whereas the macrofauna, accumulated by the further-ranging brown hyaena (Hyaena brunnea), represents environments from further afield.}, keywords = {Aves, Chiroptera, fossils, palaeontology, Pleistocene, predation, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus clivosus, South Africa, Strigiformes, Tyto alba}, author = {Matthews, T. and Denys, C. and Parkington, J. E.} } @book {5295, title = {Phylogenetics of the Genus Scotophilus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae): Perspectives from Paternally and Maternally Inherited Genomes with Emphasis on African Species}, year = {2005}, month = {2005}, pages = {xv+91 pp.}, publisher = {Ph.D. Thesis}, organization = {Ph.D. Thesis}, address = {Texas A\&M University}, abstract = {Bats of the genus Scotophilus are distributed throughout sub-Saharan Africa, parts of southern and Southeast Asia, a majority of the Indomalayan Islands, Reunion Island, and Madagascar. The genus is composed of 14 recognized species with seven distributed throughout sub-Saharan Africa including: (S. dinganii (A. Smith, 1833), S. leucogaster (Cretzschmar, 1830), S. nigritellus de Winton, 1899, S. nigrita (Schreber, 1774), S. nucella Robbins, 1983, S. nux Thomas, 1904, and S. viridis (Peters, 1852). The remaining species include four from southern and southeast Asia (S. celebensis Sody, 1928; S. collinus Sody 1936; S. heathi (Horsfield, 1831); S. kuhlii Leach, 1821), two on Madagascar (S. sp. nov. Goodman et al., in press; and S. robustus Milne-Edwards, 1881), and one endemic to Reunion Island (S. borbonicus (E. Geoffroy, 1803)).The systematics and taxonomy of this genus have been controversial and continue to be confusing. The genus is plagued with problems in species definition and the systematic relationships among members of the genus are poorly understood. The major goal of this study was to use a molecular phylogenetic approach to clarify some of the controversy and confusion surrounding the members of this genus.Nucleotide differences from mtDNA and the Y chromosome were used to examine phylogenetic patterns within Scotophilus. Based on these data two new species of Scotophilus were identified. Phylogenetically, African Scotophilus were found to comprise a monophyletic group with S. nux as the most basal African taxon. Overall, the Asian S. kuhlii was the most basal taxon. A distant relationship was identified between S. kuhlii and S. heathi, the other Asian species examined. The multiple origins of Malagasy Scotophilus are apparent as the two Malagasy taxa in the study do not share a sister-group relationship. The large bodied S. nigrita is closely related to S. dinganii and the S. dinganii-like species all share a close relationship. S. nigrita has a S. dinganii-like mtDNA haplotype and a very distinct zfy haplotype, suggesting a possible hybridization event with a S. dinganii-like ancestor.}, keywords = {Africa, Asia, Chiroptera, genetics, phylogeny, Scotophilus, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Trujillo, R. G.} } @book {5433, title = {Raumnutzung und Fouragierverhalten des afrikanischen Langzungenflughundes Megaloglossus woermanni (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) im Lama-Wald, Benin, Westafrika}, year = {2005}, month = {2005}, pages = {84}, publisher = {Diploma Thesis}, organization = {Diploma Thesis}, address = {Friedrich-Alexander-Universit{\"a}t Erlangen-N{\"u}rnberg}, abstract = {In a radio-tracking study, I investigated space use and foraging behaviour of the nectarivorous African long-tongued bat, Megaloglossus woermanni (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae), in the Lama protected forest, southern Benin. Until now, the biology of this single obligate nectarivorous bat in Africa was almost unknown. During the study period from 23rd July to 11th October, I monitored the movement and activity patterns of two male and two female individuals that were fitted with position-sensitive transmitters. The study site contains a central patch of primary forest ("Noyau Central"), but greater parts of this area are characterized by a mosaic of orchards, agroforestry plantations, and degraded forest.The foraging strategy of M. woermanni was characterized by comparatively small home ranges and high site-fidelity during the study period. This behaviour was a consequence of the spatio-temporal availability of food resources, most probably combined with a solitary and flexible selection of day-roosts. Mean home range size, calculated as the minimum convex polygon, was larger in females (142.9 ha) than in males (101.4 ha). This difference is likely to be caused by lower contact times with males than with females. None of the bats{\textquoteright} day-roosts were found, but they were presumably located within bushes or trees of the Noyau Central, which forms the core area of the study site.During the study period, long-tongued bats visited flowers of cultivated bananas along the periphery of Lama Forest. No other flowering food plant was recorded. Three (2 MM, 1 F) out of four radio-tracked individuals showed a highly predictable and consistent foraging behaviour. These animals exploited the same banana patches throughout the observation period. A fourth individual (F) shifted its foraging area through adjacent patches between nights. All individuals were recaptured several times. This resident behaviour is likely to be caused by the high predictability of food resources since bananas showed long flowering periods and were regularly visited by the monitored individuals. The resource density of banana inflorescences in the study area was sufficient to meet the energy demands of the local population of M. woermanni. Nitrogen supply for the bats may have been limited during the study period as cultivated bananas do not produce pollen and samples collected from the fur and faeces contained only negligible amounts of other pollen.Within home ranges, I further investigated areas used for foraging as well as core areas of resource use. The mean foraging area of females, defined as the 95 \% density kernel and pooled over the whole study period, was 74.2 ha and distinctly larger than in males (12.3 ha). However, the difference of core areas (calculated as the 50 \% density kernel) between the sexes was less marked (FF: 6.8 ha, MM: 2.8 ha). Presumably, foraging and core areas of male bats would have been larger with higher contact time. Core areas constituted only a small part of home ranges (2.6 - 4.9 \%). This reflects the patchy as well as clumped spatial distribution of banana patches within the study site. Large segments of home ranges were not used for foraging, but only for commuting flights between discrete resource patches.Flight activity of radio-tracked long-tongued bats varied considerably between individuals and nights. Pooled data revealed a bimodal activity pattern. On average, flight activity reached a maximum (45{\textpm}7.1 \% of contact time) between 19:30 and 20:00 hrs, with little flight activity during subsequent hours. A second but lower activity peak (29{\textpm}19.6 \% of contact time) was found between 5:30 and 6:00 hrs. Between 19:30 and 0:00 hrs and 4:30 and 6:00 hrs, high contact times with both males and females allowed me to compare activity patterns among sexes. During these periods, males spent significantly more time flying than females. In general, high activity levels at the beginning of the night might have been caused on the one hand by inspection flights aimed at the particular food resource situation of a given night and on the other hand to balance energetic deficits accumulated during daytime and commuting flights. The second activity peak can be interpreted as foraging activity to accumulate energy for the following day.Comparison with published studies showed that home range size, space use and activity patterns of M. woermanni are very similar to that of other nectarivorous bats of similar size and diet, i.e. the Australasian species Macroglossus minimus and Syconycteris australis. Previously, these species were thought to be closely related based on morphological similarities. New studies showed, however, that these species belong to different groups, indicating that similar diet and morphology is the result of convergent evolution rather than close phylogenetic relationships. Thus, nectarivory in pteropodids has evolved several times independently. My results on the ecology and behaviour of M. woermanni imply not only the convergent evolution of morphology and diet, but also of similar foraging strategies in these species. When comparing home range studies, it is important to consider the influence of different habitat structures. Habitat disturbances may lead to enlarged home ranges and altered resource availability. Consequences of such changes are largely unknown and need further investigation due to the crucial role of the interdependent relationships between plants and bats as pollinators in tropical ecosystems.}, keywords = {activity patterns, behaviour, Benin, Chiroptera, ecology, foraging, habitat preferences, home range, Mammalia, Megaloglossus woermanni, Pteropodidae, radio-tracking, telemetry, Vegetation, West Africa}, author = {Weber, N.} } @article {4512, title = {Rediscovery of the short-eared trident bat (Cloeotis percivali Thomas 1901) in Swaziland}, journal = {African Bat Conservation News}, volume = {6}, year = {2005}, month = {2005}, pages = {2-3}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Cloeotis percivali, Hipposideridae, Southern Africa, Swaziland}, author = {Monadjem, A. and Cohen, L. and De Wet, K.} } @article {4787, title = {R{\'e}gime alimentaire de Pteropus rufus (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) dans la r{\'e}gion sub-aride du sud de Madagascar}, journal = {Rev. {\'e}col. (Terre Vie)}, volume = {60}, number = {3}, year = {2005}, month = {2005}, pages = {255-264}, abstract = {Pteropus rufus, a Megachiroptera species endemic to Madagascar, is currently threatened because of various types of anthropogenic pressures. Few data were previously available on food types eaten by this species. A seven-month study was carried out in the sub-arid zone of southern Madagascar (region of Berenty), to investigate its dietary spectrum. Techniques used included faecal analyses, direct observations near consumed plants, and interviews with local people. This species{\textquoteright} diet is composed of fruits (59.0-65.1\%; particularly large ones), flowers (17.3-35.0\%), and leaves (6.0- 18.0\%). The proportion of these elements in its diet depends on seasonal variations of plant phenology and the species{\textquoteright} activity, particularly reproduction. During the breeding season, P. rufus consumes more leaves. Globally, 21 plants species were documented in its diet, eight of which are native and 13 introduced. Two species (Tamarindus indica{\textquotedblleft}fruits{\textquotedblright} and Agave rigidana{\textquotedblleft}flowers{\textquotedblright}) make up to 33.5- 90.4\% of the food consumed by this bat within the study area. P. rufus is best considered a dietary vegetarian generalist.}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, diet, folivory, food, frugivory, Madagascar, nectarivory, phenology, Pteropodidae, Pteropus rufus, reproduction, seasonality}, author = {Raheriarisena, M.} } @article {3920, title = {Sensory systems and spatial memory in the fruit bat Rousettus aegyptiacus}, journal = {Ethology}, volume = {111}, number = {8}, year = {2005}, month = {2005}, pages = {715-725}, abstract = {The megachiropteran fruit bat Rousettus aegyptiacus is able to orient and navigate using both vision and echolocation. These two sensory systems have different environmental constraints however, echolocation being relatively short range when compared with vision. Despite this difference, an experiment testing their memory of a perch location demonstrates that once the location of a perch is learned R. aegyptiacus is not influenced by the movement of local landmark cues in the vicinity of the perch under either light or dark conditions. Thus despite the differing constraints of vision and echolocation, this suggests a place is remembered as a location in space and not by associations with landmarks in the vicinity. A decrease in initial performance when the task was repeated in the dark suggested the possibility that a memory of a location learned using vision does not generalize to echolocation.}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, echolocation, Pteropodidae, Rousettus aegyptiacus, spatial memory}, author = {Holland, R. A. and Winter, P. and Waters, D. A.} } @article {3000, title = {On some Mediterranean populations of bats of the Myotis mystacinus morpho-group (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)}, journal = {Lynx}, volume = {36}, year = {2005}, month = {2005}, pages = {9-38}, abstract = {New data on the distribution of bats of the Myotis mystacinus morpho-group in certain parts of the Mediterranean region are given and some morphological characters of these populations are analysed and discussed. Statistic comparison (PCA) suggests the distribution of M. mystacinus s. str. in the Balkans, along with M. alcathoe, M. aurascens and M. brandtii. The records of M. brandtii and M. mystacinus s. str. in central Anatolia, Turkey, are reported for the first time. These records suggest a continuous distribution of these species from the Balkans to the Caucasus, while their insulated occurrence in the Caucasus region seems to be unlikely (contra Benda \& Tsytsulina 2000). M. aurascens is reported from whole Anatolia and from Syria according to the revised and/or newly collected material. Second and third records of M. aurascens in Italy are reported as well as a verification of a M. brandtii record in Tuscany (after Lanza 1959). The taxonomic status of the Moroccan populations of M. mystacinus s. str. was evaluated and their affiliation to the Iberian subspecies M. m. occidentalis was not confirmed.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Mediterranean, Near East, North Africa, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Benda, P. and Karata{\c s}, A.} } @book {4085, title = {Systematic Revision of Southern African Species in the Genera Eptesicus, Neoromicia, Hypsugo and Pipistrellus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)}, year = {2005}, month = {2005}, publisher = {Ph.D. Thesis}, organization = {Ph.D. Thesis}, address = {University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban}, abstract = {Patterns of variation in GTG-banded chromosomes, bacula morphology and cranio-dental characters among ten vespertilionid species from southern Africa were studied to clarify generic and specific relationships among the taxa previously assigned to the genera Eptesicus and Pipistrellus.GTG-banded chromosomes provided characters to support the elevation of Neoromicia to generic rank. Hence, Eptesicus hottentotus is the only true Eptesicus of the six southern African species (capensis, cf. melckorum, rendalli, somalicus and zuluensis) formerly classified as Eptesicus. GTG-banded chromosomes also provided characters to support the transfer of P. (Hypsugo) africanus to the genus Neoromicia.Bacula morphology, although useful for specific identification of males and the distinction of the genus Eptesicus, was less suitable for phylogeny estimation in the genera Hypsugo, Neoromicia, Pipistrellus).The single geometric morphometric intra-population test of N. capensis found no significant sexual dimorphism and tooth wear class variation. Traditional morphometric analyses however, identified significant sexual dimorphism in a single population of six populations of N. capensis tested, and significant tooth wear class variation in a single population of two populations of E. hottentotus tested to merit separate treatments in subsequent intra and inter-specific analysis.Geometric morphometric analysis identified clinal centroid size variation negatively and significant correlated with latitude and longitude in three of six species tested: E. hottentotus, N. capensis, and P. hesperidus. Only N. capensis showed a highly significant correlation between skull centroid size and different biomes and ecoregions. Neoromicia capensis was also the only species tested to show a significant clinal variation in skull shape; dorsal skull shape was negatively correlated with longitude and different biomes and ecoregions, while ventral skull shape was negatively correlated with longitude, latitude and different biomes and ecoregions. Traditional morphometric methods however identified the following patterns of significant intraspecific clinal variation: in N. capensis negatively correlated with latitude and longitude; in N. zuluensis positively correlated with longitude and negatively correlated with latitude; in H. anchietae, P. hesperidus and P. rusticus negatively correlated with latitude.Both geometric morphometric and traditional morphometric techniques used to assess cranio-dental variation indicated inter-specific variation dominated by overall size, which was allometrically constrained and hence there was considerable inter-specific homology.}, keywords = {baculum, Chiroptera, chromosomes, cytogenetics, dentition, Eptesicus, Eptesicus hottentotus, geographic variation, geometric morphometrics, Hypsugo, Hypsugo anchietae, karyotypes, morphology, Myotis tricolor, Neoromicia, Neoromicia africanus [nana], Neoromicia capensis, Neoromicia cf. melckorum, Neoromicia rendalli, Neoromicia somalicus, Neoromicia zuluensis, phylogeny, Pipistrellus, Pipistrellus hesperidus, Pipistrellus rueppellii, Pipistrellus rusticus, sexual dimorphism, Southern Africa, systematics, taxonomy, teeth, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Kearney, T. C.} } @article {4856, title = {Taphonomic implications of roosting behavior and trophic habits in two species of African owl}, journal = {Journal of Archaeological Science}, volume = {32}, number = {11}, year = {2005}, month = {2005}, pages = {1669-1676}, abstract = {As some of the most common predators of micromammals, owls are implicated in the formation of many fossil assemblages. Actualistic research on owl-accumulated assemblages has tended to focus on owls roosting in caves. Comparatively few data are available on the roosting behavior, and prey preference of owls in open habitats. This paper presents observations on the roosting and prey habits of two sympatric species of owl in the Serengeti region of northern Tanzania, the barn owl, Tyto alba affinis, and the spotted eagle owl, Bubo africanus. The barn owl and spotted eagle owl are found to segregate by roosting habit, with barn owls occupying cavity roosts and eagle owls appearing on the ground or in tree crowns. Previous studies comparing these two species suggested a close similarity in trophic habits. A comparison of large samples (MNI = 1012) at cavity and exposed roosts shows identical taxonomic representation, though differences are found in the relative abundance of some taxa and significant differences in prey body mass.}, keywords = {Aves, Bubo africanus, Chiroptera, diet, East Africa, food, Mammalia, predation, prey, Serengeti, Strigiformes, Tanzania, taphonomy, Tarangire, Tyto alba}, url = {Reed 2005.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2005.05.007}, author = {Reed, D. N.} } @article {4096, title = {Taxonomic and phylogenetic distinctiveness in regional conservation assessments: A case study based on extant South African Chiroptera and Carnivora}, journal = {Animal Conservation}, volume = {8}, number = {3}, year = {2005}, month = {2005}, pages = {279-288}, abstract = {The current study investigates whether a simple measure of taxonomic diversity (Taxonomic Distinctiveness (TD)) can be used as a proxy for different measures of phylogenetic diversity (Phylogenetic Distinctiveness (PD)) in determining species of regional conservation priority, and uses extant South African Chiroptera and Carnivora as a case study. Published phylogenies for the two mammalian Orders allowed the quantification of a node-based measure that was considered to represent phylogenetic diversity (PDNODE), as well as a branch length-based measure that was considered to represent the amount of evolutionary change over time (PDBRANCH). Both the PDNODE and PDBRANCH, together with TD were included in our regional conservation priority assessment. Although no statistically significant differences were detected between the PDNODE, PDBRANCH and the TD for both the Chiroptera and Carnivora, these measures were also shown to be correlated with each other. More importantly, inclusion of either the PDNODE, PDBRANCH, or TD in our analysis did not significantly alter the species that were identified as being of regional conservation priority. Both regional priority scores for the South African Chiroptera and Carnivora and their respective rankings were broadly consistent across the three potential indicators of conservation status utilised. These results suggest that the inclusion of either the PDNODE and/or PDBRANCH in conservation prioritisation exercises may not add value to that currently provided by the TD. Consequently, this implies that in the absence of relevant PD data, the utilisation of the TD in regional conservation priority settings may provide the appropriate information on evolutionary diversity.}, keywords = {Carnivora, Chiroptera, conservation priorities, Mammalia, South Africa}, author = {Keith, M. and Chimimba, C. T. and Reyers, B. and van Jaarsveld, A. S.} } @article {4483, title = {Activity patterns and habitat preferences of insectivorous bats in a West African forest-savanna mosaic}, journal = {J. Trop. Ecol.}, volume = {20}, number = {4}, year = {2004}, month = {2004}, pages = {397-407}, abstract = {We studied activity patterns and habitat use by insectivorous bats in Como{\'e} National Park, Ivory Coast. Bat foraging activity was quantified along five transects representing three different habitat types using acoustic monitoring and captures with mist nets and harp traps. Aerial insect abundance was assessed using a light trap; in addition shrub and tree arthropods were sampled. Bat activity was significantly and positively related to insect availability and ambient temperature, whereas increased visibility of the moon had a negative influence on flight activity. Together, these factors best explained both total bat activity and activity of bats hunting in open space and edge habitats. The interaction between temperature and light intensity was the best predictor of activity by species foraging in obstacle-rich forest habitats, however, the regression model had a low predictive value. Overall, a large proportion (c. 50\%) of the variation in bat activity appeared to be a consequence of transect- and/or habitat-specific influences. We found a significant non-linear relationship between the activity of QCF (quasi-constant frequency) and FM-QCF (frequency modulated - quasi-constant frequency) bats and the phase of the moon, with lowest levels of activity occurring near full moon. We interpret this lunar-phobic behaviour as a reflection of a higher predation risk during moonlit periods. For FM (steep frequency modulated) and CF (constant frequency) bats, no significant correlation was found, although there was a trend suggesting that these bats at least were not negatively affected by bright moonlight. Foraging activity of bats was positively correlated with the abundance of atympanate moths; however, no such correlation was found for tympanate moths.}, keywords = {abiotic factors, acoustic monitoring, activity patterns, Chiroptera, C{\^o}te d{\textquoteright}Ivoire, echolocation, guilds, habitat heterogeneity, habitat preferences, Ivory Coast, predation pressure, West Africa}, url = {Meyer et al. 2004.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0266467404001373}, author = {Meyer, C. F. J. and Schwarz, C. J. and Fahr, J.} } @article {4611, title = {The application of genetic research to the conservation of fruit bats in the western Indian Ocean}, journal = {Phelsuma}, volume = {12}, year = {2004}, month = {2004}, pages = {141-146}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, endemic, Indian Ocean, island biogeography, Pteropodidae, Pteropus}, author = {O{\textquoteright}Brien, J. and Hayden, T. J.} } @article {5130, title = {Argasidae (Acari: Ixodida) parasites of wild and domestic animals in Senegal: I - Review and distribution}, journal = {Acarologia}, volume = {44}, number = {3-4}, year = {2004}, month = {2004}, pages = {137-149}, abstract = {A list of argasid ticks occurring in Senegal is given. It includes 11 recognized species (six Argasinae and five Ornithodorinae). Argas (A.) hermanni, A. (Persicargas) persicus and Argas (P.) near walkerae were collected from domestic poultry. A. (P.) arboreus and A. (P.) streptopelia were recorded respectively from egrets and wild doves in different ecological areas in Senegal. Carios (C.) vespertilionis was found associated with insectivorous bats of the genera Tadarida, Taphozous, Scotoecus, Scotophilus and Pipistrellus. A. (Reticulinasus) camicasi were recorded infesting fruit-eating bats of the genus Rousettus, Alectorobius (A.) maritimus was found from breeding sites of terns and A. (A.) capensis associated with terns in the Langue de Barbarie National Park (PNLB) and with pelicans in the Bird National Park of Djoudj (PNOD). A. (Theriodoros) sonrai inhabits the burrows of Sciuromorpha and Myomorpha rodents and is widely distributed in Senegal, Ornithodoros (O.) savignyi is localized in northern Senegal in sandy areas under trees around wells. Two other species of which systematic positions remain to be elucidated are known from nests of pelicans in the Park of Djoudj and from Microchiroptera bats in the sudano-sahelian area. A. (P.) near walkerae and O. (O.) savignyi are reported for the first time in Senegal. The occurrence of A. (A.) maritimus in Senegal is confirmed. The lists of common and incidental hosts are given as well as distribution according to main ecological divisions.}, keywords = {[Chaerephon pumilus] Tadarida gambiana, [Neoromicia nana] Pipistrellus nanus, [Neoromicia] Eptesicus tenuipinnis, [Nycticeinops schlieffenii] Nycticeius schlieffeni, Chiroptera, Emballonuridae, Lissonycteris angolensis, Molossidae, parasites, parasitism, Pipistrellus nanulus, Pteropodidae, Rousettus aegyptiacus, Scotoecus hirundo, Scotophilus leucogaster, Scotophilus nigrita, Taphozous sp., Vespertilionidae, West Africa}, author = {Sylla, M. and Pourrut, X. and Faye, N. and B{\^a}, K. and Cornet, J.-P. and Camicas, J.-L.} } @article {5034, title = {Assessment of the quality and reserves of bat guano at Chipongwe and Kapongo caves near Lusaka as fertiliser material}, journal = {Journal of Science and Technology}, volume = {1}, number = {3}, year = {2004}, note = {Special Edition}, month = {2004}, pages = {32-42}, abstract = {There are many bat guano deposits in Zambia but their characteristics and sizes are not well known. The Chipongwe and Kapongo Caves, located within about forty km south of Lusaka, are developed in the white and grey banded crystalline limestone and dolomite marble of the Lusaka Formation and Mampompo Formation, respectively. The caves were created as a result of dissolution of calcium carbonate. The main objectives of this study were to assess the quantity and quality of bat guano in the two caves. In order to achieve the above objectives, mapping of the caves was undertaken and bat guano samples collected for chemical analysis. Both caves are colonised by bats and as such have accumulations of guano, which have been deposited on the carbonate rocks. The estimated resource of bat guano at Chipongwe Cave is 1218 tonnes averaging 0.46\% N, 4.03\% P and 0.12\% K and at Kapongo Cave is 2822 tonnes averaging 1.94\% N, 8.41\% P and 1.24\% K. The N-P-K ratios for the bat guano from the Chipongwe and Kapongo Caves are 4:34:1 and 2:7:1, respectively. These ratios show that generally bat guano from both caves is relatively depleted in nitrogen and potassium, which are more mobile elements and enriched in phosphorous, a relatively immobile element. The N-P-K ratio for internationally traded bat guano is typically 3-10-1, 8-4-1 and 10-3-1 and such guano has been recommended for fruit trees, vegetables and flowers. The Chipongwe and Kapongo bat guano is similar to the internationally traded guano with N-P-K ratio of 3-10-1 and as such would be suitable for growing vegetables, fruits, flowers and maintenance of lawns.}, keywords = {agriculture, caves, Chiroptera, fertilizer, guano, nitrate, nutrients, phosphorus, potassium, Southern Africa, Zambia}, isbn = {1027-4928}, url = {Sikazwe \& de Waele 2004.pdf http://ajol.info/index.php/jost/article/view/17527}, author = {Sikazwe, O. and de Waele, B.} } @article {5432, title = {Bat species diversity and distribution in three vegetation communities of Meru National Park, Kenya}, journal = {Afr. J. Ecol.}, volume = {42}, number = {3}, year = {2004}, month = {2004}, pages = {171-179}, abstract = {Diversity and distribution of bats was determined in four vegetation types in and around Meru National Park, Kenya between September 2000 and February 2001. Bat-habitat studies were based on plant species dominance, cover and farming activities. Bats were captured using standard mist nets (18 m long x 2 m high) erected on poles averaging 3 m. Vegetation was broadly grouped as Acacia or Combretum wooded grassland, or Acacia-Commiphora bushland and studied using the Braun-Blanquet method. Analysis of floristic similarity showed five vegetation species assemblages in the three broad categories. Four hundred and ninety-five bats representing eleven genera in seven families were recorded. These were Epomophorus labiatus, E. wahlbergi, Cardioderma cor, Lavia frons, Myotis welwitschii, Scotoecus hirundo, S. leucogaster, Pipistrellus kuhlii, Mops condylurus, Chaerephon bemmeleni, Mormopterus sp., Hipposideros caffer, H. commersoni, Nycteris arge and Rhinolophus landeri. This was the first record of N. arge, M. welwitschii, C. bemmeleni and a Mormopterus species in eastern Kenya. The Combretum community was most equitable (E = 0.51) with nine bat species records, while farming areas had only four. The low species richness and increased dominance of a few generalist species on farms may be indicative of different levels of disturbance.}, keywords = {Cardioderma cor, Chaerephon bemmeleni [cisturus], Chiroptera, East Africa, Epomophorus labiatus, Epomophorus wahlbergi, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros caffer, Hipposideros commersoni [vittatus], Kenya, Lavia frons, Megadermatidae, Molossidae, Mops condylurus, Mormopterus sp., Myotis welwitschii, Nycteridae, Nycteris arge, Pipistrellus kuhlii [hesperidus], Pteropodidae, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus landeri, Scotoecus hirundo, Scotophilus leucogaster, species composition, Vegetation, Vespertilionidae}, url = {Webala et al. 2004.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2028.2004.00505.x/abs}, author = {Webala, P. W. and Oguge, N. O. and Bekele, A.} } @article {5020, title = {Bats (Chiroptera) of Ithala Game Reserve, northern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa}, journal = {Durban Mus. Novit.}, volume = {29}, year = {2004}, month = {2004}, pages = {1-4}, abstract = {In 1980 Rautenbach et al. (1981) recorded 11 species of bats from five families at Ithala Game Reserve. Eighteen years later we caught six of the 11 bat species caught by Rautenbach et al. (1981); Rhinolophus clivosus Cretzschmar, 1828, Myotis tricolor (Temminck, 1832), Neoromicia capensis (A. Smith, 1829), Neoromicia nanus (Peters, 1852), Scotophilus dinganii (A. Smith, 1833) and Tadarida aegyptiaca (E. Geoffroy, 1818), as well as two new species for the reserve; Hipposideros caffer (Sundevall, 1846) and Miniopterus schreibersii (Kuhl, 1819). The five species previously recorded by Rautenbach et al. (1981) which we did not capture were: Epomophorus wahlbergi (Sundervall, 1846), Nycteris thebaica E. Geoffroy, 1813, Rhinolophus blasii Peters, 1867, Miniopterus fraterculus Thomas and Schwann, 1906, and Eptesicus hottentotus (A. Smith, 1833).}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros caffer, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus schreibersii, Molossidae, Myotis tricolor, Neoromicia capensis, Neoromicia nana, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus clivosus, Scotophilus dinganii, South Africa, survey, Tadarida aegyptiaca, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Seamark, E. C. J. and Kearney, T. C.} } @article {3962, title = {The bats of Aldabra atoll, Seychelles}, journal = {Phelsuma}, volume = {12}, year = {2004}, month = {2004}, pages = {126-132}, keywords = {Africa, Chaerephon pusilla [pusillus], Chiroptera, ectoparasites, Emballonuridae, Hipposideridae, Indian Ocean, Insecta, Molossidae, parasitism, Pteropodidae, Pteropus (seychellensis) aldabrensis, Seychelles, Taphozous mauritianus, Triaenops furculus}, author = {Hutson, A. M.} } @article {3641, title = {The bats of Silhouette Island, Seychelles}, journal = {Phelsuma}, volume = {12}, year = {2004}, month = {2004}, pages = {78-90}, abstract = {A review of the status of the bats recorded on Silhouette island is presented. This is placed in the context of the conservation status of the bats on the granitic islands of Seychelles. Two species are present: the Seychelles fruit bat Pteropus seychellensis and the Seychelles sheath-tailed bat Coleura seychellensis. The Silhouette population of the fruit bat is estimated at approximately 2,000 (with a Seychelles total of approximately 8,500). One roost of the sheath-tailed bat is known on Silhouette, this contains 32 bats. This is the only roost to have been monitored regularly and is only one of two known in Seychelles. The fruit bat population appears to be stable, the sheath-tailed bat remains Critically Endangered.}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, Coleura seychellensis, Emballonuridae, Indian Ocean, Pteropodidae, Pteropus seychellensis, Seychelles}, author = {Gerlach, J.} } @article {3149, title = {A behavioural study of the Silhouette sheath-tailed bat (Coleura seychellensis)}, journal = {Phelsuma}, volume = {12}, year = {2004}, month = {2004}, pages = {69-77}, abstract = {The behaviour of the Seychelles sheath-tailed bat Coleura seychellensis was studied in the largest known roost of the species at La Passe, Silhouette island. The population of bats using the roost numbered 32, the highest count recorded for the species. The roost comprises two small interconnected caves in a boulder field. The preferred roost was relatively dark and cool. Individuals appeared to show preferences for positions within the roost. A harem structure has been speculated to exist in this species, observations from the present study may support this but are inconclusive.}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, Coleura seychellensis, Emballonuridae, Indian Ocean, Seychelles}, author = {Burgess, H. and Lee, N.} } @article {3728, title = {Beitrag zum Paarungsverhalten des Gambia-Epauletten-Flughundes - Epomophorus gambianus (Ogilby, 1835)}, journal = {Nyctalus (N.F.)}, volume = {9}, number = {4}, year = {2004}, month = {2004}, pages = {405-407}, keywords = {calling behaviour, Chiroptera, Epomophorus gambianus, Gambia, lek mating, mating systems, Pteropodidae, West Africa}, author = {Grimmberger, E.} } @article {3877, title = {Common fiscal Lanius collaris preying on a Cape serotine bat Eptesicus capensis}, journal = {Ostrich}, volume = {75}, number = {4}, year = {2004}, month = {2004}, pages = {333}, keywords = {Aves, Chiroptera, Neoromicia capensis, predation, South Africa, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Herrmann, E.} } @book {4846, title = {Contribution {\`a} l{\textquoteright}{\'e}tude de la Morphologie et de l{\textquoteright}{\'e}cologie en vue de la Conservation des Chiropt{\`e}res dans le Parc National des Tsingy de Bemaraha}, year = {2004}, month = {2004}, pages = {70}, publisher = {M{\'e}moire de Fin d{\textquoteright}{\'e}tudes}, organization = {M{\'e}moire de Fin d{\textquoteright}{\'e}tudes}, address = {Universit{\'e} d{\textquoteright}Antananarivo}, abstract = {The Bemaraha National Park is one of the most important sites for bat survival due to abundance of caves which provide suitable roosts, with only moderate to low levels of perturbation of the habitat. This study aims to identify the bat species present in this park, to describe and study seasonality and habitat use. Two field work periods were undertaken: first in July during the cool and dry season and the second in October during hot and dry season. We captured bats with mist nets in four types of habitats: clearings, dry forest, riparian forest and agriculture fields during each season. Trapping effort totalled 30 nights capture and 463 bats of 10 species were caught. The most abundant species are Rousettus madagascariensis (Megachiroptera) and Miniopterus manavi (Microchiroptera).Three categories of species were classified depending on their sizes measured as the forearm length and the weight:- small-sized species: Emballonura atrata, Myotis goudoti, Miniopterus manavi and Chaerephon leucogaster;- medium-sized species: Triaenops furculus, Triaenops rufus and Scotophilus borbonicus;- large-sized species: Rousettus madagascariensis, Hipposideros commersoni and Scotophilus robustus.The small and medium-sized species were most frequent in the forest. Therefore, their conservation status should be revised. Through this study, we propose T. rufus to be classified {\textquotedblleft}Vulnerable{\textquotedblright} as T. furculus because of habitat loss and decreasing population. In fact, pregnancy during hot-dry season coincides with high rate of forest degradation. M. goudoti should be also classified {\textquotedblleft}Vulnerable{\textquotedblright} because of habitat loss because it{\textquoteright}s a forest specialist species. Further research should be undertaken for the {\textquotedblleft}Critically Endangered{\textquotedblright} species: Scotophilus borbonicus.Abundance decreased in October because bats are less able to protect themselves from overheating, so they probably migrate to cooler habitat. The exception is Hipposideros commersoni: it was caught only in October, with many pregnant females. We suggest that this species hibernates or migrates to more suitable regions during the cool-dry season. Capture rate was higher in riparian forest than in other habitats.}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, conservation, ecology, Madagascar, morphology, reproduction, seasonality}, author = {Razafimanahaka, H. J.} } @article {3734, title = {Controversial scientific names of African mammals}, journal = {African Zoology}, volume = {39}, number = {1}, year = {2004}, month = {2004}, pages = {91-109}, abstract = {A number of problems still exist among African mammal names. Vespertilio megalotis, Genetta maculata, Choiropotamus and Myomys should be recognized as invalid synonyms of Lavia frons, Genetta pardina, Potamochoerus and Mastomys respectively. Tragelaphus spekii was named by Speke (not P.L. Sclater) in 1863 (not 1864). By designation of a lectotype, Antelope doria becomes a synonym of Cephalophus zebra and so is confirmed as the type species of Cephalophula. The authors and dates of publication of the following are cited and discussed: Galagoides rondoensis, G. udzungwensis, Hippotraginae, Hippotragus, H. equinus, Alcelaphus caama, Xerus erythropus, Arvicanthis, and A. niloticus. Unjustified and justified emendations of names are summarized. The valid name in the following cases appears to be controversial and may require a ruling by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature: Galagoides demidoff or G. demidovii, Procolobus pennantii parmentieri or P. p. parmentierorum, Strepsicerotini or Tragelaphini, Peleinae or Reduncinae, Damaliscus dorcas or D. pygargus, Graphiurus hueti or G. nagtglasi, and Cricetomys dissimilis or C. emini. In spite of seniority, Sylvicaprinae and Connochaetinae do not replace Cephalophinae and Alcelaphinae respectively. The correct name for the rusty-spotted genet, which has been called Genetta rubiginosa, has yet to be determined. Myotis cf. megalotis from Congo-Brazzaville may not be correctly named and could be an unnamed species.}, keywords = {[Eptesicus] Vesperugo serotinus gabonensis, [Lavia frons] Vespertilio megalotis, [Myotis] Vespertilio africanus, [Myotis] Vespertilio megalopus, Africa, Chiroptera, Dobson, Galago, Mammalia, Megadermatidae, nomenclature, Primates, systematics, taxonomy, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Grubb, P.} } @article {4086, title = {Correction of a montane (Drakensberg) record of lesser yellow house bat Scotophilus viridis (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)}, journal = {Durban Mus. Novit.}, volume = {29}, year = {2004}, month = {2004}, pages = {123-125}, keywords = {Chiroptera, distribution maps, Eptesicus hottentotus, morphometrics, PCA, Scotophilus viridis, South Africa, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Kearney, T. C. and Seamark, E. C. J.} } @article {3333, title = {Description of a cryptic species, Spinturnix bechsteini n. sp. (Acari, Mesostigmata, Spinturnicidae), parasite of Myotis bechsteinii (Kuhl, 1817) (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) by using ecoethology of host bats and statistical methods}, journal = {Journal of Medical Entomology}, volume = {41}, number = {5}, year = {2004}, month = {2004}, pages = {826-832}, abstract = {Using ecoethology of bats and statistical methods, we anticipate the evidence of specific species of spinturnicids associated with Myotis myotis and Myotis bechsteinii (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) mixed colonies are unknown. Traditional description of this new crpytic species Spinturnix bechsteini, parasite of M. bechsteinii, is done. Statistical approach is based on analysis of variance and principal component analysis. The current knowledge on parasites of the genus Myotis in the West Palearctic subregion is presented.}, keywords = {Acari, Arachnida, Chiroptera, ectoparasites, Europe, host specificity, Myotis bechsteinii, North Africa, parasitism, Spinturnix bechsteini sp. nov., Tunisia, Vespertilionidae}, url = {Deunff et al. 2004.pdf http://esa.publisher.ingentaconnect.com/content/esa/jme/2004/00000041/00000005/art00004}, author = {Deunff, J. and Walter, G. and Bellido, A. and Volleth, M.} } @article {3919, title = {Echolocation signal structure in the megachiropteran bat Rousettus aegyptiacus Geoffroy 1810}, journal = {J. Exp. Biol.}, volume = {207}, number = {25}, year = {2004}, month = {2004}, pages = {4361-4369}, abstract = {Rousettus aegyptiacus Geoffroy 1810 is a member of the only genus of megachiropteran bats to use vocal echolocation, but the structure of its brief, click-like signal is poorly described. Although thought to have a simple echolocation system compared to that of Microchiroptera, R. aegyptiacus is capable of good obstacle avoidance using its impulse sonar. The energy content of the signal was at least an order of magnitude smaller than in Microchiropteran bats and dolphins (approximately 4x10-8 J m-2). Measurement of the duration, amplitude and peak frequency demonstrate that the signals of this animal are broadly similar in structure and duration to those of dolphins. Gabor functions were used to model signals and to estimate signal parameters, and the quality of the Gabor function fit to the early part of the signal demonstrates that the echolocation signals of R. aegyptiacus match the minimum spectral spread for their duration and amplitude and are thus well matched to its best hearing sensitivity. However, the low energy content of the signals and short duration should make returning echoes difficult to detect. The performance of R. aegyptiacus in obstacle avoidance experiments using echolocation therefore remains something of a conundrum.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, echolocation, Pteropodidae, Rousettus aegyptiacus}, url = {Holland et al. 2004.pdf http://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/content/abstract/207/25/4361}, author = {Holland, R. A. and Waters, D. A. and Rayner, J. M. V.} } @book {4996, title = {Erfassung von Flederm{\"a}usen mit konstantfrequenten (CF) Rufen: Fang versus Acoustic Monitoring}, year = {2004}, month = {2004}, pages = {102}, publisher = {Diploma Thesis}, organization = {Diploma Thesis}, address = {Universit{\"a}t Ulm}, keywords = {CF-echolocation, Chiroptera, C{\^o}te d{\textquoteright}Ivoire, harp traps, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros, Ivory Coast, mist nets, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus, sampling methods, survey techniques, West Africa}, author = {Schmid, S.} } @book {4801, title = {Etude de l{\textquoteright}Influence de la Fragmentation et de la D{\'e}gradation des Forets Naturelles des Hautes Terres sur les Activit{\'e}s des Microchiropt{\`e}res: Cas e la Foret d{\textquoteright}Ambohitantely}, year = {2004}, month = {2004}, pages = {61}, publisher = {DEA-thesis}, organization = {DEA-thesis}, address = {Universit{\'e} d{\textquoteright}Antananarivo}, abstract = {Ambohitantely forest is one of the rare evergreen rainforest remnants from the central highlands of Madagascar. Now, it has several riparian fragments scattered around a 1250 ha core which was appointed as a r{\'e}serve sp{\'e}ciale. This special ecosystem has been commonly used for fragmentation effects studies on small vertebrates. This study investigates the fragmentation effects on the activities of microchiropteran bats. Microchiropterans{\textquoteright} activities were sampled within fragments of different sizes. We used two methods: heterodyne and frequency division. Insects were sampled alongside.Our results show that:- Microchiropteran bats visit all fragments (that have more than 0.2 ha area) although they feed only within those that have more than 2 ha.- Activities tend to be even for the 2 ha fragments and those larger- Bat feeding rates are higher for bigger fragments- Habitats that contain rocky roosting site were more visited by batsThe inventories of all the fragments that possess potential roosting sites (boulders upon streams) and their protection by extending the reserve perimeter to these fragments would target toward the Ambohitantely microchiropteran bats conservation.}, keywords = {acoustic monitoring, activity patterns, Africa, Chiroptera, day roosts, echolocation, feeding, foraging, forest degradation, forest fragmentation, Insecta, Madagascar}, author = {Rakotondramanana, C. M.} } @book {2861, title = {Etude des R{\^o}les des Megachiropt{\`e}res dans la Pollinisation de Baobabs (Andansonia grandidieri et Adansonia suarezensis) et la Dispersion des Graines dans la For{\^e}t Naturelle de Befandrana}, year = {2004}, month = {2004}, pages = {x+69 pp., Annexes}, publisher = {DEA-thesis}, organization = {DEA-thesis}, address = {Universit{\'e} d{\textquoteright}Antananarivo}, abstract = {The study of the roles of Eidolon dupreanum in the pollination of Adansonia suarezensis, in the forest of Beantely (Di{\'e}go-Suarez) and Adansonia grandidieri in the classified forest of Marofandilia (Morondava) aims to contribute to the knowledge of its role in the pollination and the regeneration of the caducifoli{\'e}e forest of the West of Madagascar. To be done, 15 feet of Brevitubae baobab trees in flowering, including 9 feet of A. grandidieri (Marofandilia) and 6 feet of A. suarezensis (Beantely), were observed of June 24 until July 18, 2000. The study of the role of Pteropus rufus in the dispersion of seeds collected in the forest of Ambatovaky (Befandrana) during September - the purpose of November 2000 is to show that it can take part in the regeneration of the natural forest. Indeed, we carried out the tests of germination of seeds collected among seeds balls, seeds droppings and of pilot seeds. The realization of these tests took place of September 17 at December 20, 2000 in Antananarivo in a shaded medium (20 with 21{\textdegree}C). Thanks to the very frequent visits, E. dupreanum play a significant role in the transfer of pollens of A. suarezensis. In the classified forest of Marofandilia, the two species of Cherogaleidae lemurs: Phaner furcifer, Mirza coquereli can also play a role similar to that of Megachiropt{\`e}res (E. dupreanum) in the pollination of A. grandidieri especially in canop{\'e}es closed the or continuous ones. In canop{\'e}es insulated like those from the Alleys from baobab trees with Morondava, E. dupreanum seem to precede the night butterflies in the pollination of these plants. Rates of germination of seeds droppings and balls rejected by P. rufus are very significant compared to the rates of germination of seeds of the intact fruits, especially with regard to fig seeds such as Ficus coccilifolia (45\% for seeds resulting from droppings, 26\% for seeds resulting from the balls and 19\% for pilot seeds), Ficus syncomorus (36\% for seeds resulting from droppings, 16\% for seeds resulting from the balls and 12\% for pilot seeds) and Ficus grevei (42\% for seeds resulting from droppings, 20\% for seeds resulting from the balls and 11\% for pilot seeds).}, keywords = {Adansonia grandidieri, Adansonia suarezensis, Africa, baobabs, Chiroptera, Eidolon dupreanum, germination rates, Madagascar, Mammalia, pollination, Primates, Pteropodidae, Pteropus rufus, seed dispersal}, author = {Andriafidison, D.} } @article {4467, title = {Evaluation of DNA damage in a population of bats (Chiroptera) residing in an abandoned monazite mine}, journal = {Mutation Research}, volume = {557}, number = {2}, year = {2004}, month = {2004}, pages = {183-190}, abstract = {Ionising radiation has the ability to induce DNA damage. While the effects of high doses of radiation of short duration have been well documented, the biological effects of long-term exposure to low doses are poorly understood. This study evaluated the clastogenic effects of low dose ionising radiation on a population of bats (Chiroptera) residing in an abandoned monazite mine. Bats were sampled from two chambers in the mine, where external radiation levels measured around 20 muSv/h (low dose) and 100 muSv/h (higher dose), respectively. A control group of bats was sampled from a cave with no detectable radiation above normal background levels. The micronucleus assay was used to evaluate residual radiation damage in binucleated lymphocytes and showed that the micronucleus frequency per 500 binucleated lymphocytes was increased in the lower radiation-exposed group (17.7) and the higher radiation-exposed group (27.1) compared to the control group (5.3). This study also showed that bats exposed to radiation presented with an increased number of micronuclei per one thousand reticulocytes (2.88 and 10.75 in the lower and high radiation-exposed groups respectively) when compared to the control group (1.7). The single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assay was used as a means of evaluating clastogenecity of exposure to radiation at the level of individual cells. Bats exposed to radiation demonstrated increased DNA damage as shown by the length of the comet tails and showed an increase in cumulative damage. The results of the micronucleus and the comet assays indicated not only a statistically significant difference between test and control groups (P<0.001), but also a dose-dependent increase in DNA damage (P<0.001). These assays may thus be useful in evaluating the potential clastogenecity of exposure to continuous low doses of ionising radiation.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Namaqualand, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus clivosus, South Africa}, author = {Meehan, K. A. and Truter, E. J. and Slabbert, J. P. and Parker, M. I.} } @inbook {3479, title = {{\'e}valuation rapide des chiropt{\`e}res dans la For{\^e}t Class{\'e}e du Pic de Fon, Guin{\'e}e}, booktitle = {Une {\'e}valuation Biologique Rapide de la For{\^e}t Class{\'e}e du Pic de Fon, Cha{\^{\i}ne du Simandou, Guin{\'e}e}, series = {Bulletin RAP d{\textquoteright}Evaluation Rapide}, number = {35}, year = {2004}, month = {2004}, pages = {171-180}, publisher = {Conservation International}, organization = {Conservation International}, chapter = {248}, address = {Washington, D.C.}, abstract = {Nous rapportons ici les r{\'e}sultats d{\textquoteright}une {\'e}valuation des populations de chauves-souris du Pic de Fon, dans la cha{\^{\i}ne du Simandou, au sud-est de la Guin{\'e}e. Nous pr{\'e}sentons un ensemble de chauve-souris particulier, caract{\'e}ris{\'e} par des esp{\`e}ces foresti{\`e}res telles que Epomops buettikoferi, Rhinolophus guineensis et Hipposideros jonesi qui sont end{\'e}miques {\`a} la Haute Guin{\'e}e ou {\`a} l{\textquoteright}Afrique de l{\textquoteright}Ouest. La pr{\'e}sence de trois esp{\`e}ces sympatriques de Kerivoula est notable avec K. cuprosa et K. phalaena, recens{\'e}es pour la premi{\`e}re fois en Guin{\'e}e. De plus, trois individus Murin de Welwitsch, Myotis welwitschii ont {\'e}t{\'e} captur{\'e}s pendant l{\textquoteright}{\'e}valuation. C{\textquoteright}est le premier recensement pour l{\textquoteright}Afrique de l{\textquoteright}Ouest et il repr{\'e}sente une extension de 4 400 km au nord-ouest des plus proches localit{\'e}s connues. Nous avons r{\'e}vis{\'e} la distribution de cette esp{\`e}ce en Afrique et conclu que cette esp{\`e}ce pr{\'e}sente un mod{\`e}le de r{\'e}partition para montagneux. Sept esp{\`e}ces, soit 33,3\% du total des 21 esp{\`e}ces, sont enregistr{\'e}es dans le dernier volume de la liste rouge de l{\textquoteright}UICN: une esp{\`e}ce en tant que {\guillemotleft}Vuln{\'e}rable{\guillemotright} (Epomops buettikoferi) et six esp{\`e}ces {\guillemotleft}Presque Menac{\'e}es{\guillemotright} (Rhinolophus alcyone, R. guineensis, Hipposideros jonesi, H. fuliginosus, Kerivoula cuprosa, Miniopterus schreibersii). Nos r{\'e}sultats de l{\textquoteright}{\'e}valuation RAP ainsi que la pr{\'e}sence d{\textquoteright}esp{\`e}ces de chiropt{\`e}res end{\'e}miques aux zones d{\textquoteright}altitude de la Haute Guin{\'e}e, met en {\'e}vidence l{\textquoteright}importance r{\'e}gionale des habitats de montagne d{\textquoteright}Afrique de l{\textquoteright}Ouest en g{\'e}n{\'e}ral, et de la cha{\^{\i}ne du Simandou en particulier, pour la conservation des chiropt{\`e}res d{\textquoteright}Afrique.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Guinea, West Africa}, isbn = {978-1881173755}, author = {Fahr, J. and Ebigbo, N. M.}, editor = {McCullough, J.} } @article {5107, title = {Field identification of two morphologically similar bats, Miniopterus schreibersii natalensis and Miniopterus fraterculus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)}, journal = {African Zoology}, volume = {39}, number = {1}, year = {2004}, month = {2004}, pages = {47-53}, abstract = {Miniopterus schreibersii natalensis and Miniopterus fraterculus are two morphologically similar, but genetically distinct, species of insectivorous bat that, more often than not, share roosts. Identifying these two species in the field is difficult because of an overlap in the ranges of both forearm and mass. We thus attempted to find morphological features that could be used to distinguish between these two species in the field. We compared cranial and external morphological measurements from museum specimens of the two species, using principal component analysis and discriminant function analysis, to determine which variables could be used to discriminate between them. Length of the hind foot and total body length were identified as the variables responsible for most of the variation between these two species. Miniopterus s. natalensis has a longer total body length (113.6 {\textpm} 3.5 mm) than M. fraterculus (102.2 {\textpm} 4.8 mm) but a relatively shorter hind foot (9.1 {\textpm} 0.6 mm, 9.8 {\textpm} 0.8 mm, respectively). A function generated from standardized canonical variables, (HF x 0.279417) - (TL x 0.989306) + 100, and based on length of hind foot (HF) and total body length (TL) generated function scores <0 for M. s. natalensis and >0 for M. fraterculus. On the basis that positive values (above zero) indicated M. fraterculus, and negative values (below zero) indicated M. s. natalensis, we were able to correctly assign 20 individuals to their respective species using the above function. These individuals were previously identified as M. fraterculus or M. s. natalensis from their mtDNA sequences. The function thus provides a useful tool for discriminating between the two species in the field.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus fraterculus, Miniopterus natalensis, morphometrics, South Africa}, author = {Stoffberg, S. and Jacobs, D. S. and Miller-Butterworth, C. M.} } @article {4735, title = {Floral scent of bat-pollinated species: West Africa vs. the New World}, journal = {Biol. J. Linn. Soc.}, volume = {82}, number = {2}, year = {2004}, month = {2004}, pages = {161-168}, abstract = {Floral scent of seven West African bat-pollinated tree species, belonging to six families, was collected in situ from flowering individuals using headspace adsorption. The seven species shared neither any specific compounds nor any other discernible pattern in their floral scent composition. Most of the identified compounds are common in the floral scent of species pollinated by a variety of animals. Adansonia digitata (Bombacaceae) was the only African species found to have a substantial proportion of sulphur compounds in its floral scent. This feature contrasts with the sampled New World bat-pollinated plants, which frequently contain these compounds. The floral scent of Ceiba pentandra (Bombacaceae), native to both South America and Africa, contained no sulphur substances, contradicting a previous study in the New World that identified the major floral compounds as dimethyl disulphide and dimethyl trisulphide. We suggest that the differences in the floral scent of C. pentandra, including the absence of sulphur compounds in the African variety, result from the different selective regimes exerted by the Pteropotidae bats, in Africa, and Phyllostomidae bats, in the New World, that visit their flowers.}, keywords = {Adansonia digitata, Bombacaceae, Ceiba pentandra, chemical ecology, Chiroptera, chiropterophily, floral scent, flowers, Neotropics, Phyllostomidae, pollination, Pteropodidae, Senegal, sulphur compounds, trees, West Africa}, url = {Pettersson et al. 2004.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2004.00317.x/abs}, author = {Pettersson, S. and Ervik, F. and Knudsen, J. T.} } @book {4873, title = {The Foraging Ecology of Fruit Bats in the Seasonal Environment of Central Zambia}, year = {2004}, month = {2004}, pages = {xii+143 pp.}, publisher = {MSc Thesis}, organization = {MSc Thesis}, address = {University of Florida}, abstract = {One of the most conspicuous examples of long distance movements in animals is the dramatic migration of large herds of African ungulates. Less recognized, but no less impressive, is the large-scale movement of huge numbers of African fruit bats. When the food availability in a region declines, multiple factors at the individual, population, and species level ultimately lead to migration. Although for some species the optimal strategy may be to move to areas with a greater food supply, others are limited in their ability to move and will utilize available local resources. The spatial scale of decision making depends on the energetic, physical, and environmental constraints on each species.This study examined the causes of the annual migration of straw-colored fruit bats through a Zambian national park, and the effects of the migration on resident fruit bat species. From August 2003 through January 2004, I monitored woodland phenology and mist netted bats along 46 transects. I used these data to compare the timing of straw-colored fruit bat migration to changes in local fruit availability and variation in resident fruit bat assemblages.The timing of migration of the straw-colored fruit bat coincided with the seasonal peak in fruit production in Central Zambia. Six fruit bat species were identified at the site; cluster analysis and palate records were used to divide five similar epauleted fruit bat species into four species groups. The distribution of these species was not significantly correlated with the date, canopy height, habitat type or the amount of food at a site. While indices of fruit availability decreased over time, capture rates increased. Fruit bats were increasingly captured in habitats without food sources and that had not previously been successful netting sites. Epauleted species resort to increasing commute and search times when food availability decreases in order to meet their daily food requirements while larger fruit bats migrate to new areas with a more abundant food supply. African fruit bats have high economic and ecological importance, yet they remain largely unstudied. In today{\textquoteright}s world, with concerns of climate change and habitat destruction, it is important to understand both the role of fruit bats in maintaining functional ecosystems and the ecosystem requirements for healthy fruit bat populations to reduce the impacts of human beings on megachiropteran species.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Eidolon helvum, Epomophorus gambianus crypturus, Epomophorus labiatus, Epomophorus minor, Epomophorus wahlbergi, Micropteropus pusillus, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus sp., Myotis welwitschii, Neoromicia capensis, Neoromicia somalicus, Nycteridae, Nycteris thebaica, Nycticeinops schlieffenii, Pipistrellus kuhlii [hesperidus], Pteropodidae, Scotoecus hirundo, Southern Africa, Vespertilionidae, Zambia}, author = {Richter, H. V.} } @article {3991, title = {Genetic similarity amongst phenotypically diverse little free-tailed bats, Chaerephon pumilus}, journal = {Acta Chiropterologica}, volume = {6}, number = {1}, year = {2004}, month = {2004}, pages = {13-21}, abstract = {The African molossid Chaerephon pumilus shows extensive variation in colour, size and echolocation across its wide distributional range with a light-winged form in north-eastern Africa and a dark form in southern Africa. There is also much variation in supposedly diagnostic characters (e.g., degree of palatial emargination) amongst the dark form of this species in southern Africa. These differences suggest that there may be cryptic species within C. pumilus. We used phylogenetic and phenetic analyses of sequence data from the mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene of a number of C. pumilus individuals to investigate the status of the light and dark-winged forms of this species and to evaluate the possibility of cryptic species within the dark-winged form of C. pumilus in southern Africa. We evaluated species status by comparing the level of sequence divergence amongst C. pumilus with the level of sequence divergence between known species in the genus. These included C. ansorgei, C. chapini, C. nigeriae and C. jobensis. Intrageneric sequence divergences among the Chaerephon spp. included here ranged from 6.51 to 11.18\%, whereas the average sequence divergence between the light and dark forms was 0.9\%. This suggests that these two forms are not distinct species. Individuals of the dark form of C. pumilus were genetically indistinguishable from each other having the same cytochrome b haplotype. We thus found no evidence of cryptic species in southern African C. pumilus.}, keywords = {Chaerephon pumilus, Chiroptera, Molossidae, Southern Africa}, author = {Jacobs, D. S. and Eick, G. N. and Richardson, E. J. and Taylor, P. J.} } @article {4633, title = {Helminth fauna of Tadarida (Chaeraphon) nigeriae (Thomas, 1913) (Microchiroptera: Molossidae)}, journal = {Animal Research International}, volume = {1}, number = {1}, year = {2004}, month = {2004}, pages = {64-69}, abstract = {A checklist of helminth parasites isolated from Tadarida (Chaeraphon) nigeriae is presented. Out of 857 bats examined 658 (76.78\%) were infected by helminth parasites. Details of the taxa presented show that 2 were trematodes; 2 were cestodes; and 5 were nematodes. Observation on the distribution of the worms within the host shows that they were found mainly in the alimentary canal and peritoneal cavity. Rictularia was the predominant helminth parasite of these bats in this study with 49.59\% of the bats examined found infected with this parasite. Female bats were found with higher infection rates with the helminths than the males. There are similarities in the type of parasites infecting bats collected from Nsukka and those collected from other places. Significant levels of positive associations exist between the parasites. Food habits based on stomach content anayses revealed that in volume and in actual numbers, beetle (Coleoptera) and moths (Lepidoptera) comprised the major prey items in the diet.}, keywords = {Chaerephon nigeriae, Chiroptera, Coleoptera, diet, endoparasites, food, Helminthes, Insecta, Lepidoptera, Molossidae, Nigeria, parasitism, prevalence, West Africa}, url = {Okafor et al. 2004.pdf http://www.ajol.info/index.php/ari/article/view/40742}, author = {Okafor, F. C. and Igbinosa, I. B. and Ezenwaji, H. M. G.} } @article {4634, title = {The impact of population explosion of the straw-coloured fruit bat (Eidolon helvum) on host trees in a park at the Obafemi Awolowo University Campus, Ile-Ife}, journal = {Environtropica}, volume = {1}, number = {1}, year = {2004}, month = {2004}, pages = {88-94}, keywords = {Chiroptera, colonies, damage, day roosts, defoliation, Eidolon helvum, Elaeis guineensis, Nigeria, population size, Pteropodidae, roost trees, West Africa}, url = {Oke 2004.pdf http://82.206.239.12/wusto/environ.php}, author = {Oke, J. T. O.} } @article {3566, title = {Individual signatures in the frequency-modulated sweep calls of African large-eared, free-tailed bats Otomops martiensseni (Chiroptera: Molossidae)}, journal = {J. Zool. (Lond.)}, volume = {262}, number = {1}, year = {2004}, month = {2004}, pages = {11-19}, abstract = {Frequency-modulated sweep calls of Otomops martiensseni were recorded from individuals as they emerged from nine different building roosts near Durban, South Africa. Multiple analyses of call features, including duration (ms), lowest frequency (kHz), highest frequency (kHz) and frequency with most energy (kHz), indicated significant inter-individual variation. Discriminant function analysis of call features correctly classified the calls of individuals from four roosts >70\% on 19 of 28 times. Although other species of molossids (Chaerephon pumilus, Tadarida aegyptiaca, and one unidentified species) produced social calls as well as frequency-modulated sweep calls, O. martiensseni produced just the latter vocalizations and they were longer and lower in frequency than those of the sympatric molossids. Other species of molossids, but not O. martiensseni, produced feeding buzzes as they attacked flying insects. The frequency-modulated sweep calls of O. martiensseni seem to serve a communication function, but they may not be used in echolocation unlike similar calls by other molossids. Individually distinct communication signals (frequency-modulated sweep calls) enhance communication in a species that lives in year-round social groups (one adult male, females and dependent young).}, keywords = {acoustic communication, Chaerephon pumilus, Chiroptera, echolocation, Molossidae, Otomops martiensseni, social calls, South Africa, Tadarida aegyptiaca}, author = {Fenton, M. B. and Jacobs, D. S. and Richardson, E. J. and Taylor, P. J. and White, W.} } @article {5104, title = {The influence of wing morphology and echolocation on the gleaning ability of the insectivorous bat Myotis tricolor}, journal = {Can. J. Zool.}, volume = {82}, year = {2004}, month = {2004}, pages = {1854-1863}, abstract = {On the basis of its external morphology, Myotis tricolor (Temminck, 1832) should be able to both aerial feed and glean. Furthermore, this bat is known to use broadband calls of short duration, reinforcing the prediction that it gleans. However, results from this study indicate that M. tricolor does not commonly glean. This conclusion was reached after studying the foraging behaviour of M. tricolor in a flight room. We presented M. tricolor with mealworms, moths, mole crickets, beetles, and cicadas in a variety of ways that required either gleaning and (or) aerial feeding. Although M. tricolor readily took tethered prey, it did not take any of the variety of insects presented to it in a manner that required gleaning. We therefore compared its wing morphology and echolocation calls with those of several known gleaners, Nycteris thebaica E. Geoffroy, 1818, Myotis lucifugus (Le Conte, 1831), and Myotis septentrionalis (Trouessart, 1897), and an aerial forager, Neoromicia capensis (A. Smith, 1829). In a discriminant analysis wing-tip shape was the only variable to provide some degree of discrimination between species, with M. tricolor having more pointed wing tips than the known gleaners. Discriminant analysis of echolocation-call parameters grouped M. tricolor with the other Myotis species and separated it from N. capensis and N. thebaica. However, M. tricolor did not use harmonics as did the other Myotis species. The apparent failure of M. tricolor to glean might therefore be due to its relatively pointed wings and narrow-bandwidth echolocation calls, owing to the absence of harmonics in its calls.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, echolocation, foraging, functional morphology, gleaning, Myotis lucifugus, Myotis septentrionalis, Myotis tricolor, Neoromicia capensis, Nycteridae, Nycteris thebaica, South Africa, Vespertilionidae, wing shape}, author = {Stoffberg, S. and Jacobs, D. S.} } @article {4951, title = {Interspecific responses to distress calls in bats (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae): A function for convergence in call design?}, journal = {Anim. Behav.}, volume = {67}, number = {6}, year = {2004}, month = {2004}, pages = {1005-1014}, abstract = {Distress calls were recorded from three sympatric species of pipistrelle bat (Pipistrellus nathusii, P. pipistrellus and P. pygmaeus) in England and Northern Ireland. At foraging sites, we conducted playback experiments, consisting of experimental distress call sequences from each species and control sequences of random noise and sound recorded with no bats present. We measured response by simultaneously recording ultrasound during playbacks and counting the echolocation pulses above a predetermined threshold which were then identified to species. All three species responded to each other{\textquoteright}s calls. The number of recorded echolocation pulses of all species increased eight-fold, on average, during the playback of distress call sequences compared with the playback of ultrasonic noise, and four-fold compared with the playback of silence. In a separate playback experiment, the number of echolocation pulses of P. pygmaeus increased 14-fold during the playback of distress calls of four endemic species of bat from Madagascar (Emballonura atrata, Myotis goudoti, Miniopterus majori and M. manavi) compared with the playback of silence. This increased response might have been caused by the high calling rates of the Malagasy species. Distress calls of P. nathusii, P. pipistrellus and P. pygmaeus were structurally convergent, consisting of a series of downward-sweeping, frequency-modulated elements of short duration and high intensity with a relatively strong harmonic content. Selection may favour convergence in the structure of distress calls among bat species, if attracting heterospecifics increases the chance of repelling predators by mobbing.}, keywords = {acoustic communication, Chiroptera, echolocation, Europe, Madagascar, Pipistrellus nathusii, Pipistrellus pipistrellus, Pipistrellus pygmaeus, social calls, UK, Vespertilionidae}, url = {Russ et al. 2004.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2003.09.003}, author = {Russ, J. M. and Jones, G. and Mackie, I. J. and Racey, P. A.} } @book {2865, title = {Les R{\^o}les des Megachiropteres (Pteropus rufus, Tiedeman, 1808 et Eidolon dupreanum, Shlegel, 1967) dans la Pollinisation de Ceiba pentandra de la R{\'e}gion de Morondava}, year = {2004}, month = {2004}, pages = {v+66 pp., Annexes a-i}, publisher = {DEA-thesis}, organization = {DEA-thesis}, address = {Universit{\'e} d{\textquoteright}Antananarivo}, abstract = {The two species of Megachiroptera Pteropus rufus and Eidolon dupreanum were the only mammals species we had seen visiting the flowers of silk cotton-trees (Ceiba pentandra) in Morondava. Morondva is among the regions in Madagascar where there were many sites with Ceiba pentandra. The pollination of Ceiba pentandra studies and the results of exclusion experiences confirmed that this plant is well adapted to be pollinated by megabats. The megabats are actives during the night when the flowers are fertile. The flowers produce a high quantity nectar and pollen, which are useful elements for bats, so that they could find their energetic need. That covers the most part of their need during the dry season in Morondava. Visits by Pteropus rufus are more dramatic than the visits by Eidolon dupreanum. Their role as making cross-pollination of Ceiba pentandra differs them from the diurnal species visitors of flowers. These Megachiroptera are carrying the pollen from flower onto another flower of the same tree, or onto the other flower of another silk cotton tree (Ceiba pentandra) to avoid the autogamy process.}, keywords = {Africa, Ceiba pentandra, Chiroptera, Eidolon dupreanum, flowers, Madagascar, pollination, Pteropodidae, Pteropus rufus}, author = {Andrianaivoarivelo, R. A.} } @article {4161, title = {Martienssen{\textquoteright}s mastiff bat, Otomops martiensseni (Matschie 1897) (Molossidae) in Eritrea}, journal = {African Bat Conservation News}, volume = {2}, year = {2004}, month = {2004}, pages = {3-4}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Eritrea, first record, Molossidae, Northeast Africa, Otomops martiensseni}, author = {Kock, D. and Zinner, D.} } @article {4067, title = {Mitochondrial phylogeography of the long-eared bats (Plecotus) in the Mediterranean Palaearctic and Atlantic Islands}, journal = {Mol. Phylog. Evol.}, volume = {31}, number = {3}, year = {2004}, month = {2004}, pages = {1114-1126}, abstract = {Long-eared bats of the genus Plecotus are widespread and common over most of the western Palaearctic. Based on recent molecular evidence, they proved to represent a complex of several cryptic species, with three new species being described from Europe in 2002. Evolutionary relationships among the different lineages are still fragmentary because of the limited geographic coverage of previous studies. Here we analyze Plecotus mitochondrial DNA sequences from the entire Mediterranean region and Atlantic Islands. Phylogenetic reconstructions group these western Palaearctic Plecotus into two major clades which split at least 5 Myr ago and that are each subdivided into further subgroups. An {\textquoteright}auritus group{\textquoteright} includes the traditional P. auritus species and its sister taxon P. macrobullaris (=P. alpinus) plus related specimens from the Middle East. P. auritus and P. macrobullaris have broadly overlapping distributions in Europe, although the latter is apparently more restricted to mountain ranges. The other major clade, the {\textquoteright}austriacus group,{\textquoteright} includes the European species P. austriacus and at least two other related taxa from North Africa (including P. teneriffae from the Canary Islands), the Balkans and Anatolia (P. kolombatovici). The sister species of this {\textquoteright}austriacus group{\textquoteright} is P. balensis, an Ethiopian endemic. Phylogenetic reconstructions further suggest that P. austriacus reached Madeira during its relatively recent westwards expansion through Europe, while the Canary Islands were colonized by a North African ancestor. Although colonization of the two groups of Atlantic Islands by Plecotus bats followed very distinct routes, neither involved lineages from the {\textquoteright}auritus group.{\textquoteright} Furthermore, the Strait of Gibraltar perfectly segregates the distinct lineages, which confirms its key role as a geographic barrier. This study also stresses the biogeographical importance of the Mediterranean region, and particularly of North Africa, in understanding the evolution of the western Palaearctic biotas.}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, Ethiopia, Europe, Libya, Morocco, Plecotus auritus, Plecotus austriacus, Plecotus balensis, Plecotus kolombatovici, Plecotus macrobullaris, Plecotus teneriffae, Vespertilionidae}, url = {Juste et al. 2004.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2003.10.005}, author = {Juste B., J. and Ib{\'a}{\~n}ez, C. and Mu{\~n}oz, J. and Trujillo, D. and Benda, P. and Karata{\c s}, A. and Ruedi, M.} } @article {3957, title = {Molecular architecture of Pipistrellus pipistrellus/Pipistrellus pygmaeus complex (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae): Further cryptic species and Mediterranean origin of the divergence}, journal = {Mol. Phylog. Evol.}, volume = {32}, number = {3}, year = {2004}, month = {2004}, pages = {1023-1035}, abstract = {Previous genetic analyses have demonstrated that two phonic types of one of the most common European bats, the Common pipistrelle, belong to distinct species, although they are almost identical morphologically (45 kHz Pipistrellus pipistrellus and 55 kHz Pipistrellus pygmaeus). To reconstruct the history of the species complex and explain the codistribution of both forms in Europe and the Mediterranean, we performed phylogenetic analysis based on a 402-bp portion of the cytochrome b gene. Particular attention was paid to the eastern and southern parts of the range where no data were available. We found further distinctive allopatric haplotypes from Libya and Morocco. The difference of about 6-7\% described in the Libyan population suggests the occurrence of a new species in the southern Mediterranean. The species status of Moroccan population is also discussed. The phylogeographic patterns obtained and analysis of fossil records support the hypothesis of expansion of both species into Europe from the Mediterranean region during the Holocene. The allopatric speciation model fits our data best. The paleobiographic scenario envisaged is corroborated also by molecular clock estimations and correlations with Late Neogene environmental changes in the Mediterranean region which ended with the Messinian salinity crisis.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Europe, fossils, Libya, Mediterranean, molecular genetics, Morocco, North Africa, palaeontology, phylogeography, Pipistrellus pipistrellus, Pipistrellus pygmaeus, Vespertilionidae}, url = {Hulva et al. 2004.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2004.04.007}, author = {Hulva, P. and Hor{\'a}{\v c}ek, I. and Strelkov, P. P. and Benda, P.} } @article {3061, title = {Molecular phylogenetics, karyotypic diversity, and partition of the genus Myotis (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)}, journal = {Mol. Phylog. Evol.}, volume = {33}, number = {2}, year = {2004}, month = {2004}, pages = {333-338}, abstract = {Nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene are reported from bats of the genus Myotis including species of the endemic southern African subgenus Cistugo, Myotis (Cistugo) sebrai and Myotis (Cistugo) lesueuri. We also examined Myotis annectans from Southeast Asia, and Myotis macropus from Australia. The two species of Cistugo and Myotis annectans represent the only species of Myotis to differ in chromosome number from the common 2n = 44 found in >40 species. Our results show that the two species of Cistugo are more divergent from the other species of Myotis than several other well-recognized genera and we recommend elevating Cistugo to full generic rank. Myotis annectans groups well within Myotis, clustering with other Southeast Asian and Japanese species, and thus represents the only species of Myotis known to have diverged from the common 2n = 44 karyotype. Myotis macropus clusters within a clade that includes Southeast Asian species.}, keywords = {Africa, Australia, Chiroptera, chromosomes, Cistugidae, Cistugo lesueuri, Cistugo seabrae, cytogenetics, molecular genetics, phylogeny, South-East Asia, Vespertilionidae}, url = {Bickham et al. 2004.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2004.06.012}, author = {Bickham, J. W. and Patton, J. C. and Schlitter, D. A. and Rautenbach, I. L. and Honeycutt, R. L.} } @article {2886, title = {Molecular systematics and biogeography of the bent-wing bat complex Miniopterus schreibersii (Kuhl, 1817) (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)}, journal = {Mol. Phylog. Evol.}, volume = {31}, number = {2}, year = {2004}, month = {2004}, pages = {431-439}, abstract = {The complete mitochondrial ND2 gene (1037 bp) was sequenced to examine relationships within the bent-wing bat complex, Miniopterus schreibersii (Family Vespertilionidae). It was found that M. schreibersii is a paraphyletic assemblage comprising several species. Two major lineages were identified, one of which was restricted to the Palearctic-Ethiopian regions and the other to the Oriental-Australasian regions. This pattern of differentiation was mirrored by the genus as a whole. Speciation and differentiation within the genus Miniopterus appears to have a hierarchical geographical pattern. The earliest divergence corresponds to the Ethiopian-Palearctic and the Oriental-Australasian biogeographical zones. This early divergence is then followed by radiations within each of the Ethiopian, Oriental and Australasian regions. The study also revealed that the number of species currently recognized (11 or 13) is a gross underestimate of the number of actual species. The emerging picture is one of a relatively speciose genus with most species having relatively restricted distributions; few, if any, occur in more than one biogeographical region.}, keywords = {Africa, Asia, Australia, Chiroptera, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus schreibersii, molecular genetics, Pacific, phylogeny, systematics, taxonomy}, author = {Appleton, B. R. and McKenzie, J. A. and Christidis, L.} } @article {5075, title = {Molecular systematics of the fishing bat Myotis (Pizonyx) vivesi}, journal = {J. Mamm.}, volume = {85}, number = {1}, year = {2004}, month = {2004a}, pages = {133-139}, abstract = {Phylogenetic reconstructions based on molecular data have shown recurrent morphological convergence during evolution of the species-rich genus Myotis. Species or groups of species with similar feeding strategies have evolved independently several times to produce remarkable similarities in external morphology. In this context, we investigated the contentious phylogenetic position of 1 of the 2 piscivorous bat species, Myotis vivesi MENEGAUX, 1901, which was not included in previous molecular studies. This bat, endemic to the coasts and islands of the Gulf of California, Mexico, was long classified in its own genus, Pizonyx,because of its distinctive morphology. To reconstruct its phylogenetic origins relative to other Myotis, we sequenced the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of 2 M. vivesi and related vespertilionids. These outgroups included Pipistrellus subflavus, a member of the subgenus Perimyotis,sometimes classified within the genus Myotis. Unexpectedly, all reconstructions placed M. vivesi within a strongly supported clade including all other typical Neotropical and Nearctic Myotis. This molecular phylogeny supports an endemic radiation of New World Myotis. Other Myotis species with similar adaptations to gaffing prey from the water surface present no close phylogenetic relationships with M. vivesi, indicating that such adaptations are convergences. On the other hand, P.subflavus is genetically as distant from the genus Myotis as from other Pipistrellus species, suggesting that generic rank to Perimyotis is warranted.}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, Ghana, Madagascar, Myotis bocagii, Myotis emarginatus, Myotis goudoti, Myotis tricolor, Myotis welwitschii, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Stadelmann, B. and Herrera M., L. G. and Arroyo-Cabrales, J. and Flores-Mart{\'{\i}nez, J. J. and May, B. P. and Ruedi, M.} } @article {5150, title = {New biogeographical records of five rare bat species (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae and Vespertilionidae) from South Africa}, journal = {Durban Mus. Novit.}, volume = {29}, year = {2004}, month = {2004}, pages = {104-109}, abstract = {Extensions of the previously recorded distribution ranges of five rare bat species in South Africa are reported: Rhinolophus swinnyi (family Rhinolophidae), Kerivoula argentata, Myotis bocagei, Glauconycteris variegatus and Scotoecus albofuscus (family Vespertilionidae). In the case of three of the vespertilionid species which are associated with moist savanna and woodland/forest habitats elsewhere in Africa, new collecting records indicate southward extensions (and biogeographic continuity) along the coastal forest-grassland vegetation mosaic of eastern KwaZulu-Natal. IUCN Red List categories are discussed for each of the five species at the national and international levels in the light of the new data.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Glauconycteris variegata, Kerivoula argentata, Myotis bocagii, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus swinnyi, Scotoecus albofuscus, South Africa, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Taylor, P. J. and Cotterill, F. P. D. and van der Merwe, M. and White, W. and Jacobs, D. S.} } @article {3005, title = {New data on the distribution of bats (Chiroptera) in Morocco}, journal = {Vespertilio}, volume = {8}, year = {2004}, month = {2004d}, pages = {13-44}, abstract = {New records of 24 bat species from Morocco are presented, including Rhinopoma microphyllum, Rhinopoma hardwickii, Nycteris thebaica, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, Rhinolophus mehelyi, Rhinolophus blasii, Hipposideros caffer, Asellia tridens, Myotis punicus, Myotis nattereri, Myotis mystacinus, Eptesicus isabellinus, Hypsugo savii, Pipistrellus pipistrellus, Pipistrellus kuhlii, Pipistrellus (kuhlii) deserti, Pipistrellus rueppellii, Nyctalus leisleri, Otonycteris hemprichii, Barbastella barbastellus, Plecotus teneriffae, Miniopterus schreibersii, Tadarida teniotis, and Tadarida aegyptiaca, some of which are only rarely mentioned in the literature. Previously, O. hemprichii and T. aegyptiaca were known from Morocco only from bone remnants. Here, these species are documented from this country for the first time by records of live individuals. P. (k.) deserti is reported from Morocco for the first time.}, keywords = {Asellia tridens, Barbastella barbastellus, Chiroptera, Eptesicus isabellinus, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros caffer, Hypsugo savii, Mammalia, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus schreibersii, Molossidae, Morocco, Myotis mystacinus, Myotis nattereri, Myotis punicus, North Africa, Nyctalus leisleri, Nycteridae, Nycteris thebaica, Otonycteris hemprichii, Pipistrellus (kuhlii) deserti, Pipistrellus kuhlii, Pipistrellus pipistrellus, Pipistrellus rueppellii, Plecotus teneriffae [gaisleri], Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus blasii, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, Rhinolophus mehelyi, Rhinopoma hardwickii, Rhinopoma microphyllum, Rhinopomatidae, Tadarida aegyptiaca, Tadarida teniotis, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Benda, P. and Ruedi, M. and Aulagnier, S.} } @article {5086, title = {New records and notes on Laephotis Thomas, 1901 (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)}, journal = {Mammalian Biol.}, volume = {69}, number = {3}, year = {2004}, month = {2004}, pages = {173-181}, abstract = {A new record of Laephotis wintoni is described from central Tanzania. Other specimens and records of the genus are re-examined and discussed, resulting in new distributional limits for L. botswanae and the determination of the specific hosts of published specimens of bat bugs (Cacodmus).}, keywords = {Africa, Angola, Chiroptera, Laephotis botswanae, Laephotis wintoni, Tanzania, Vespertilionidae, Zimbabwe}, author = {Stanley, W. T. and Kock, D.} } @article {3672, title = {A new species of Chaerephon (Molossidae) from Madagascar with notes on other members of the family}, journal = {Acta Chiropterologica}, volume = {6}, number = {2}, year = {2004}, month = {2004}, pages = {227-248}, abstract = {We describe a species of Chaerephon (Molossidae) new to science from western Madagascar. This bat differs from the other two Chaerephon occurring on the island and from comparably sized African and Asian Chaerephon based on measurements, pelage and wing coloration, and cranial and dental characters. Chaerephon sp. nov. occurs at three sites in the drier western portion of the island. We also provide some natural history and distributional information on other Malagasy members of this family.}, keywords = {Africa, Andrafiabe Cave, Chaerephon jobimena sp. nov., Chaerephon leucogaster, Chaerephon pumilus, Chiroptera, Madagascar, Mammalia, Molossidae, Mops leucostigma, Mops midas, Mormopterus jugularis, Otomops madagascariensis, R{\'e}serve Sp{\'e}ciale d{\textquoteright}Ankarana, Tadarida fulminans}, author = {Goodman, S. M. and Cardiff, S. G.} } @article {4289, title = {Notes on the bats (Chiroptera) collected by the Joint Ethiopian-Russian Biological Expedition, with remarks on their systematics, distribution, and ecology}, journal = {Bonn. zool. Beitr.}, volume = {52}, number = {1-2}, year = {2004}, month = {2004a}, pages = {127-147}, abstract = {New records are reported for 30 species of Ethiopian bats collected by the Joint Ethiopian-Russian Biological Expedition. Myonycteris torquata and Pipistrellus aero are recorded for the first time from Ethiopia. Principal new localities are reported for ten species, including Stenonycteris lanosus, Lissonycteris angolensis, Hypsignathus monstrosus, Micropteropus pusillus, Nycteris thebaica, Triaenops persicus, Myotis scotti, M. welwitschii, Pipistrellus rusticus and Laephotis wintoni. Selected external and cranial measurements, information on habitat associations and reproduction are given for most species. Generally, the local faunas of Microchiroptera of Ethiopian montane forests are impoverished. Nevertheless, both of the only known endemic species, Myotis scotti and Plecotus balensis, being putative derivatives of Palaearctic lineages, inhabit this environment. A checklist of 77 bat species known to date from the territory of Ethiopia is provided in the Appendix.}, keywords = {[Rousettus] Stenonycteris lanosus, Cardioderma cor, Chaerephon pumila [pumilus], checklist, Chiroptera, distribution, Epomophorus gambianus, Ethiopia, Glauconycteris variegata, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros caffer, Hipposideros ruber, Hypsignathus monstrosus, Hypsugo sp., Laephotis wintoni, Lavia frons, Lissonycteris angolensis, Megadermatidae, Micropteropus pusillus, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus africanus, Miniopterus natalensis, Molossidae, Mops nanulus, morphometrics, Myonycteris torquata, Myotis scotti, Myotis welwitschii, Neoromicia capensis, Neoromicia cf. guineensis, Northeast Africa, Nycteridae, Nycteris hispida, Nycteris macrotis, Nycteris thebaica, Pipistrellus aero, Pipistrellus hesperidus, Pipistrellus rusticus, Plecotus balensis, Pteropodidae, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus clivosus, Rousettus aegyptiacus, Scotophilus dinganii, Triaenops persicus [afer], Vespertilionidae}, author = {Lavrenchenko, L. A. and Kruskop, S. V. and Morozov, P.N.} } @inbook {3165, title = {Observations pr{\'e}liminaires sur les chauves-souris du B{\'e}nin}, booktitle = {Actes du S{\'e}minaire-Atelier sur la Mammalogie et la Biodiversit{\'e} Abomey-Calavi, B{\'e}nin, 30/10-18-11/2002}, series = {Mededeling van de Vereniging voor Zoogdierkunde en Zoogdierbescherming}, number = {70}, year = {2004}, month = {2004}, pages = {159-164}, chapter = {305}, abstract = {Les chauves-souris font parti des indicateurs de la qualit{\'e} de la diversit{\'e} biologique, plusieurs esp{\`e}ces existent au B{\'e}nin. Seules 35 esp{\`e}ces sont connues pour le moment du B{\'e}nin. Les diff{\'e}rents r{\'e}sultats concernent l{\textquoteright}importance des chauves-souris, les menaces, les perspectives de protection et la liste des chauves-souris connues du B{\'e}nin.}, keywords = {Benin, Chiroptera, West Africa}, author = {Capo-Chichi, B. and Tchibozo, S. and Bergmans, W. and Mensah, G. A.}, editor = {Mensah, G. A. and Sinsin, B. and Thomassen, E.} } @article {5076, title = {Phylogeny of African Myotis bats (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) inferred from cytochrome b sequences}, journal = {Acta Chiropterologica}, volume = {6}, number = {2}, year = {2004}, month = {2004b}, pages = {177-192}, abstract = {The genus Myotis is comprised of about 100 species that are unequally distributed between the Northern (81\% of the species) and the Southern hemisphere (19\% of the species). Only eight species of Myotis occur in the Ethiopian region, but this is the only biogeographic region with representatives of all four classical subgenera, suggesting a diverse assemblage of morphotypes. We used sequences of a mitochondrial DNA gene (cyt b) to investigate the evolution and the phylogenetic position of seven of the eight Ethiopian species, and compared them to a broad sampling of Myotis from the World and of other vespertilionids. Phylogenetic reconstruction was based on 91 complete sequences representing 79 species of bats. The two endemic southern African species of the subgenus Cistugo were not placed within the genus Myotis, but were basal to the vespertilionid radiation, as suggested by earlier work based on karyology. The remaining Ethiopian species formed a strong monophyletic clade within Myotis, further stressing the importance of biogeography as a good predictor of phylogenetic relationships. This Ethiopian clade includes one Western Palaearctic and one Oriental species, both of which probably secondarily colonized these areas from the Ethiopian region. Molecular dating based on Bayesian inferences suggest that these faunal exchanges occurred at the end of the Miocene, while the split of the Ethiopian clade from the other Old World Myotis dates back to the middle Miocene, quite early in the Myotis radiation. Thus, the relative paucity of species in sub-Saharan Africa cannot be attributed to a late entry into this continent. Instead, these molecular results suggest that other evolutionary processes are responsible for the poor species diversity of Myotis found in Africa today.}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, Cistugidae, Cistugo lesueuri, Cistugo seabrae, Eptesicus hottentotus, Guinea, Kerivoula, Laephotis wintoni, Madagascar, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus, molecular phylogeny, Murina, Myotis tricolor, Myotis welwitschii, Neoromicia capensis, Nyctalus noctula, Pipistrellus hesperidus, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Stadelmann, B. and Jacobs, D. S. and Schoeman, M. C. and Ruedi, M.} } @article {2946, title = {A possible high-altitude roost of Seychelles sheath-tailed bats Coleura seychellensis}, journal = {Phelsuma}, volume = {12}, year = {2004}, month = {2004}, pages = {136-140}, keywords = {Africa, caves, Chiroptera, Coleura seychellensis, day roosts, Emballonuridae, Indian Ocean, Seychelles}, author = {Ball, N.} } @article {4717, title = {Potential mammalian filovirus reservoirs}, journal = {Emerging Infectious Diseases}, volume = {10}, number = {12}, year = {2004}, month = {2004b}, pages = {2073-2081}, abstract = {Ebola and Marburg viruses are maintained in unknown reservoir species; spillover into human populations results in occasional human cases or epidemics. We attempted to narrow the list of possibilities regarding the identity of those reservoir species. We made a series of explicit assumptions about the reservoir: it is a mammal; it supports persistent, largely asymptomatic filovirus infections; its range subsumes that of its associated filovirus; it has coevolved with the virus; it is of small body size; and it is not a species that is commensal with humans. Under these assumptions, we developed priority lists of mammal clades that coincide distributionally with filovirus outbreak distributions and compared these lists with those mammal taxa that have been tested for filovirus infection in previous epidemiologic studies. Studying the remainder of these taxa may be a fruitful avenue for pursuing the identity of natural reservoirs of filoviruses.}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, Ebola, Filoviridae, infectious diseases, Mammalia}, url = {Peterson et al. 2004b.pdf http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/vol10no12/04-0346.htm}, author = {Peterson, A. T. and Carroll, D. S. and Mills, J. N. and Johnson, K. M.} } @article {4051, title = {A preliminary investigation into the general ecology, status and habitat of the Seychelles sheath-tailed bat Coleura seychellensis (Emballonuridae)}, journal = {Phelsuma}, volume = {12}, year = {2004}, month = {2004}, pages = {54-68}, abstract = {An evaluation of the occurrence of the Seychelles sheath-tailed bat (Coleura seychellensis) on the islands of Mah{\'e} and Silhouette (Seychelles) was attempted. Abandoned caves were documented. The presence of C. seychellensis was confirmed for Mah{\'e} and a previously unknown population was located and studied on Silhouette. Techniques for field study, habitat and diet analysis were successfully applied to C. seychellensis. Most of the results were limited but foraging, habitat and population are discussed and some conclusions are drawn.}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, Coleura seychellensis, Emballonuridae, Indian Ocean, Seychelles}, author = {Joubert, F.} } @inbook {2988, title = {Preliminary report on the small mammals collected during the mission R{\'e}RE-VZZ 2002 in Benin (Mammalia: Insectivora, Chiroptera, Rodentia)}, booktitle = {Actes du S{\'e}minaire-Atelier sur la Mammalogie et la Biodiversit{\'e} Abomey-Calavi, B{\'e}nin, 30/10-18-11/2002}, series = {Mededeling van de Vereniging voor Zoogdierkunde en Zoogdierbescherming}, number = {70}, year = {2004}, month = {2004}, pages = {273-297}, chapter = {305}, keywords = {Benin, Chaerephon pumilus, Chiroptera, Epomophorus gambianus, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros caffer, Molossidae, Mops condylurus, Nanonycteris veldkampii, Neoromicia nanus, Nycteridae, Nycteris hispida, Pteropodidae, Vespertilionidae, West Africa}, author = {Bekker, J. P. and Eku{\'e}, M. R. M.}, editor = {Mensah, G. A. and Sinsin, B. and Thomassen, E.} } @article {2789, title = {Presence of rhodanese in the cytosolic fraction of the fruit bat (Eidolon helvum) liver}, journal = {Journal of Biochemistry \& Molecular Biology}, volume = {37}, number = {3}, year = {2004}, month = {2004}, pages = {275-281}, abstract = {Rhodanese was isolated and purified from the cytosolic fraction of liver tissue homogenate of the fruit bat, Eidolon helvum, by using ammonium sulphate precipitation and CM-Sephadex C-50 ion exchange chromatography. The specific activity was increased 130-fold with a 53\% recovery. The Km values for KCN and Na2S2O3 as substrates were 135 {\textpm} 2.2 mM and 195 {\textpm} 0.7 mM, respectively. The apparent molecular weight was estimated by gel filtration on a Sephadex G-100 column to be 36,000 Da. The optimal activity was found at a high pH (pH 9.0) and the temperature optimum was 35{\textdegree}C. An Arrhenius plot of the heat stability data consisted of two linear segments with a break occurring at 35{\textdegree}C. The apparent activation energy values from these slopes were 11.5 kcal/mol and 76.6 kcal/ mol. Inhibition studies on the enzyme with a number of cations showed that Mg2+, Mn2+, Ca2+, and Co2+ did not affect the activity of the enzyme, but Hg2+ and Ba2+ inhibited the enzyme.}, keywords = {biochemistry, Chiroptera, Eidolon helvum, Nigeria, Pteropodidae, West Africa}, author = {Agboola, F. K. and Okonji, R. E.} } @article {4616, title = {Prey composition of the little owl Athene noctua in an arid zone (Egypt, Syria, Iran)}, journal = {Folia Zool.}, volume = {53}, number = {1}, year = {2004}, month = {2004}, pages = {65-79}, abstract = {The little owl is the only owl whose pellets were found in extreme desert conditions. Pellets were collected at 34 roosting sites in Egypt, Syria and Iran in 1996-2002. Altogether 5 939 prey items identified in the food in these countries belonged to 4 classes, 14 orders, 42 families, 92 genera and about 180 species of invertebrates. Mammals included 36 species (9.7 \%), birds 33 taxa (3.0 \%), amphibians only 3 ind., but reptiles (4.3 \%, Lacertidae, Agamidae and Gekkonidae) were more abundant than in European studies. Pellets from all countries contained abundant deserticolous species of mammals (genera Gerbillus, Meriones, Cricetulus, Allactaga), eudominant deserticolous tenebrionid beetles (i.e. Pimelia spp., Blaps) (16.4-26.8\%, in total 19\%), dominant coprophagous and deserticolous species of Scarabeidae (5.9-8.6\%, in total 6.8\%), grasshoppers and crickets (Orthoptera, 5.7-16.4\%, in total 9.7\%). Significant and characteristic components of food in these arid countries were poisonous sunspiders (Solifugae 4-11.4\%), but also scorpions (Scorpionidea, 0.23.3\%), neither being found in pellets from Europe, and earwigs (Dermaptera, 1.7-13.4\%).}, keywords = {Amphibia, Arabia, Arachnida, Athene noctua, Aves, Chiroptera, diet, Egypt, Eptesicus serotinus, food, Insecta, Iran, Mammalia, North Africa, Pipistrellus kuhlii, Pipistrellus pipistrellus, predation, Reptilia, Strigidae, Syria, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Obuch, J. and Kri{\v s}t{\'{\i}n, A.} } @inbook {3480, title = {Rapid survey of bats (Chiroptera) in the For{\^e}t Class{\'e}e du Pic de Fon, Guinea}, booktitle = {A Rapid Biological Assessment of the For{\^e}t Class{\'e}e du Pic de Fon, Simandou Range, South-eastern Republic of Guinea}, series = {RAP Bulletin of Biological Assessment}, number = {35}, year = {2004}, month = {2004}, pages = {69-77}, publisher = {Conservation International}, organization = {Conservation International}, chapter = {248}, address = {Washington, D.C.}, abstract = {We report on the results of a bat survey of the Pic de Fon, Simandou Range, southeastern Guinea. We document a speciose bat assemblage characterised by forest species, including bats such as Epomops buettikoferi, Rhinolophus guineensis and Hipposideros jonesi that are endemic to Upper Guinea or West Africa. The sympatric occurrence of three species of Kerivoula is noteworthy, with both K. cuprosa and K. phalaena representing first records for Guinea. Moreover, three individuals of Welwitsch{\textquoteright}s Mouse-eared bat, Myotis welwitschii, were captured during the survey. This is the first record for West Africa and represents a range extension of 4,400 km to the northwest from the nearest known localities. We review the distribution of this species in Africa and conclude that the species shows a paramontane distribution pattern. Seven species or 33.3 \% out of the total of 21 species are registered in the latest IUCN Red List: one species as "Vulnerable" (Epomops buettikoferi) and six species as "Near Threatened" (Rhinolophus alcyone, R. guineensis, Hipposideros jonesi, H. fuliginosus, Kerivoula cuprosa, Miniopterus schreibersii). Our results of the RAP survey as well as the occurrence of bat species that are endemic to the Upper Guinea Highlands highlight the outstanding regional importance of the montane habitats of West Africa in general, and of the Simandou Range in particular, for the conservation of bats in Africa.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Guinea, Pic de Fon, Simandou Range, West Africa}, isbn = {978-1881173755}, author = {Fahr, J. and Ebigbo, N. M.}, editor = {McCullough, J.} } @article {3092, title = {Relations between fruits and disperser assemblages in a Malagasy littoral forest: A community-level approach}, journal = {J. Trop. Ecol.}, volume = {20}, number = {6}, year = {2004}, month = {2004b}, pages = {599-612}, abstract = {Interactions among fleshy fruits and frugivore assemblages are presented from a 1-y study in the littoral forest of Sainte Luce, south-eastern Madagascar. This community-level approach allowed us to determine food selection by all consumer species and to evaluate the role different frugivores play in seed dispersal and predation. For this, interactions between 136 consumed fruit species and 13 frugivorous species were studied. Fruit and seed size were the most important physical factors determining food selection of all consumer species. Nutritionally birds favoured and mammals avoided lipid-rich fruits. For Cheirogaleus spp., that go into torpor, there was a trend to select sugar-rich fruit pulp. However, for numerous fruit traits the consumer species had no clear feeding preferences and they seemed to be quite flexible, eating whatever was available. This might be related to unpredictable fruit availability and low fruit productivity in the littoral forest, which may also partially explain the low number of frugivores present. Nevertheless frugivores have different impacts on seed dispersal. Eulemur fulvus collaris is particularly important for the dispersal of large-seeded species, while frugivorous birds and flying foxes ensure plant regeneration between and outside forest fragments. In terms of conservation, heterogeneous seed transport is particularly important for this severely degraded littoral forest.}, keywords = {Africa, Alectroenas madagascariensis, Aves, Chiroptera, Coracopsis nigra, frugivory, fruit compounds, fruit selection, fruit size, Hypsipetes madagascariensis, Madagascar, Mammalia, Microcebus rufus, Primates, Pteropodidae, Pteropus rufus, Rodentia, seed dispersal, seed size}, author = {Bollen, A. and Van Elsacker, L. and Ganzhorn, J. U.} } @article {4187, title = {Reproductive energetics of captive and free-ranging Egyptian fruit bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus)}, journal = {Ecology}, volume = {85}, number = {1}, year = {2004}, month = {2004}, pages = {220-230}, abstract = {This study explored how a flying frugivorous mammal, the Egyptian fruit bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus), meets the increased energy requirements of reproduction. This bat feeds on low-protein fruit, and females have bimodal polyestrous cycles that are relatively long for a small mammal. We measured the energy and water balance of captive nonreproductive, pregnant, and lactating females, and of free-ranging lactating females. Our results indicate that females use more than one strategy to cope with the high energy demands of reproduction. These strategies may change according to the availability of food and reproductive status. The primary strategy near the end of pregnancy and at peak lactation was increased food consumption. In the laboratory, mean metabolizable energy intake (MEI) of pregnant and lactating females (271 and 360 kJ/d, respectively) increased by 35\% and 80\%, respectively, compared to that of nonreproductive females (200 kJ/d). At peak lactation, energy intake measured by doubly labeled water averaged 350 kJ/d. During late pregnancy, water turnover rate (WTO) increased by 15-23\% compared to that of nonreproductive females. In the field, WTO at peak lactation was 44\% higher than in captive lactating females, and milk production was estimated to be 22 mL/d. Absolute resting metabolic rate (RMR) in late pregnancy was significantly lower than the RMR of nonreproductive females, suggesting that a metabolic depression was used as a compensatory mechanism. Fat deposition was evident during the second pregnancy, when food availability was high, presumably in preparation for a second lactation period. Fetal tissue represented ~1.3\% of the total energy assimilated during pregnancy, and the gross efficiency of lactation averaged 24\%. Both values are lower than the values reported for other eutherian mammals, but similar to estimates for other bat species, and probably reflect the high energy costs associated with flight. A long lactation period may be constrained by flight and the low-protein diet of fruits. We conclude that the energy costs of Egyptian fruit bats during reproduction are distributed over a relatively long time, similar to those observed in large mammals.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, energetics, Israel, Near East, physiology, Pteropodidae, reproduction, Rousettus aegyptiacus}, author = {Korine, C. and Speakman, J. R. and Arad, Z.} } @book {3424, title = {The Role of Flying Foxes as Seed Dispersers on the Vegetation Dynamics in a West African Forest-Savannah Mosaic in C{\^o}te d{\textquoteright}Ivoire}, year = {2004}, month = {2004}, pages = {140}, publisher = {Ph.D. Thesis}, organization = {Ph.D. Thesis}, address = {Universit{\"a}t Ulm}, abstract = {The all-embracing aim of this study was to investigate the influence of flying foxes on the vegetation dynamics of plants within the highly dynamic forest-savannah mosaic of the Guinea zone in West Africa. Assuming a positive influence of flying foxes as high quality seed dispersers, I asked the following questions, summarised in three main chapters:(1) How indicative are plant traits of fruit use by flying foxes and what adaptations between plants and frugivores have evolved?(2) Are plant distribution patterns associated with seed dispersal patterns and how well does this reflect current models of disperser-plant interaction, in particular regarding advantages animal-dispersed plants may have in terms of escaping density-dependent effects near parent plants and/or colonising new habitats?(3) What seed rain patterns, in particular spatial contagion, result from the shuttling foraging behaviour of flying foxes?In the first chapter, I showed that plant traits were not necessarily predictive of fruit use by flying foxes. It appears that flying foxes do not specialise on a specific set of plant species as their diet is highly flexible and broad when compared to different groups of vertebrate dispersers where broad overlap in fruit use prevail. In general, morphological and biochemical characterisations of fruits of woody plant species showed flying foxes to disperse fruits that were mostly large with high sugar and low nitrogen contents. Further, fruit and seed size did not limit flying foxes to particular diets.In the second and third chapters, I considered the consequences of frugivory by flying foxes in a common tree species, Cola cordifolia (Cav.) R. Br. (Sterculiaceae) that is restricted to forest islands. Here, short range seed dispersal probably plays an important role in population maintenance within forest islands. In chapter 2, spatial point pattern analysis of distribution patterns of adult and juvenile Cola plants and its pattern of seed rain generated by flying foxes indicated strong spatial association between patterns. This implies that colonisation advantages and advantages of seeds and seedlings escaping density-dependent effects were apparent. Furthermore, it represents strong evidence that flying foxes significantly impact distribution patterns of plants.In the third and last chapter, inverse modelling based on maximum likelihood estimates of seed rain data supported the results of spatial pattern associations shown in the second chapter. Seed dispersal kernels showed modal seed dispersal at intermediate distances but very little dispersal near and far from parent tree crowns. Further, handling of large seeds by flying foxes enhanced germination success even though seeds do not pass the alimentary canal. Finally, seed predation and seedling survival appeared to adversely impact recruitment of Cola within forest islands. In conclusion, flying foxes affect vegetation dynamics by delivering efficient seed dispersal within forest islands, ensuring population maintenance of Cola in a highly dynamic setting governed by seasonality, high species invasion and probable high local species extinction.}, keywords = {animal-plant interactions, Chiroptera, Cola cordifolia, Como{\'e} National Park, forest islands, gallery forests, germination, Ivory Coast, Pteropodidae, savannas, seed dispersal, Sterculiaceae, West Africa}, author = {Ebigbo, N. M.} } @article {4901, title = {The Seychelles sheath-tailed bat Coleura seychellensis: Monitoring methodologies and recommended priority actions}, journal = {Phelsuma}, volume = {12}, year = {2004}, month = {2004}, pages = {48-53}, abstract = {The Seychelles sheath-tailed bat Coleura seychellensis is Critically Endangered with fewer than 30 individuals censused in 1996/1997. The surviving population is estimated to be as low as 50 to 100 individuals. Records from the last century and popular reports indicate that a strong decline in numbers and probably range has occurred. The species is present on Silhouette, Mah{\'e}, Praslin, and possibly already extinct on La Digue. Recommended monitoring comprises annual census of individuals along established transects using bat detectors, regular visits to all known caves and census of individuals, searches for roosting caves nearby repeated contacts with the species and assessment of the evolution of its distribution every 3 or 4 years. The main conservation actions required are legal protection for all known roosting caves and their immediate surroundings, control of introduced predators (barn owls and cats) in these areas, habitat protection within known feeding area and public sensitisation to help protecting the species and obtain information on feeding areas or roosting caves. Research into the biology and autecology of the Seychelles sheath-tailed bat is required, including basic information on feeding ecology and diet, habitat preference, movements, roosting habits and breeding ecology.}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, Coleura seychellensis, Emballonuridae, Indian Ocean, Seychelles}, author = {Rocamora, G. and Joubert, F.} } @article {3870, title = {Species composition, abundance and vertical stratification of a bat community (Megachiroptera: Pteropodidae) in a West African rain forest}, journal = {J. Trop. Ecol.}, volume = {20}, number = {1}, year = {2004}, month = {2004}, pages = {21-29}, abstract = {A pteropodid bat community was surveyed in a West African rain forest using mist-nets set for 3 mo in 2 consecutive years (1996-97). The captures were carried out in the understorey and in the canopy for a total of 5054 mist-net hours and were analysed to answer three main questions: (1) to what extent does the bat assemblage vary along the vertical axis, (2) does the observed vertical stratification depend on wingspan (with largest bats preferring canopy openings to the cluttered understorey) and (3) was the vertical stratification repeatable from one year to the next? Nine bat species were reported, among which two were captured exclusively in the canopy where the total capture rate tended to be higher. The community structure did not differ between the four canopy stations. Four species significantly favoured canopy, two significantly favoured understorey and two were opportunistic regarding vertical stratification. Wing size and canopy-preference index were not significantly correlated and except for Eidolon helvum, index values for the 2 sampling years were correlated. Important inter-annual and seasonal variations of species richness and capture rate were observed and these are discussed in relation to rainfall patterns and migratory behaviour of the species concerned.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, C{\^o}te d{\textquoteright}Ivoire, Eidolon helvum, Epomops buettikoferi, Hypsignathus monstrosus, Ivory Coast, Megaloglossus woermanni, Micropteropus pusillus, Myonycteris torquata, Nanonycteris veldkampii, Pteropodidae, Scotonycteris ophiodon, Scotonycteris zenkeri, Ta{\"{\i} National Park, West Africa}, author = {Henry, M. and Barri{\`e}re, P. and Gautier-Hion, A. and Colyn, M.} } @article {4608, title = {A study of the bat-fruit syndrome on Mauritius, Indian Ocean}, journal = {Phelsuma}, volume = {12}, year = {2004}, month = {2004}, pages = {118-125}, abstract = {This study was conducted over a seven month period on Mauritius, Indian Ocean, and concerns the relationship between the endemic fruit bat Pteropus niger and 19 food plants upon which it feeds in regard to the bat-fruit syndrome. This is a set of fruit characteristics which suggest an adaptation to fruit bat dispersal noted throughout the world where fruit bats occur. This study has found some evidence of an adherence to the bat-fruit syndrome. Twenty-one percent of the food plants had five of seven characteristics in accordance with the syndrome, 32\% had four, 21\% had three, 21\% had two and 5\% of the species had one of the seven bat fruit characteristics. Although the concept of the bat-fruit syndrome is difficult to prove, some of these species may be classified as bat-fruit trees; a species of particular interest was Labourdonniasia glauca. Other food plants had only few traits in accordance with the bat-fruit syndrome, some of which appeared to be adapted to bird dispersal, suggesting a more diffuse relationship between these plants and their seed dispersers and a generalist or opportunistic feeding strategy of P. niger.}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, Indian Ocean, Mauritius, plants, Pteropodidae, Pteropus niger, seed dispersal}, author = {Nyhagen, D. F.} } @article {5410, title = {A summary of recent bat records from Aldabra atoll}, journal = {Phelsuma}, volume = {12}, year = {2004}, month = {2004}, pages = {133-135}, keywords = {Africa, Chaerephon pusilla [pusillus], Chiroptera, Emballonuridae, Hipposideridae, Indian Ocean, Molossidae, Pteropodidae, Pteropus (seychellensis) aldabrensis, Seychelles, Taphozous mauritianus, Triaenops furculus}, author = {Von Brandis, R.} } @article {3039, title = {Systematic notes on a collection of bats from Malawi. I. Megachiroptera: Epomophorinae and Rousettinae (Mammalia, Chiroptera)}, journal = {Acta Chiropterologica}, volume = {6}, number = {2}, year = {2004}, month = {2004}, pages = {249-268}, abstract = {From July 1986 to August 1991 the junior author collected bats in various localities in Malawi. About 450 of these animals were preserved. In the present study the Megachiroptera are reported. Epomophorinae (Megachiroptera) collected in Malawi by H. Jachmann in 1982 are also reviewed. In addition, a number of specimens in collections in Malawi, Zambia and Zimbabwe have been examined by the junior author, while data on some other samples from Malawi in various other collections, examined earlier by the senior author, have been reconsidered as well. The combined collections contain eight species of Megachiroptera, including Epomophorus cf. labiatus, E. gambianus crypturus, a new species of Epomophorus (described herein), E. wahlbergi, Epomops dobsonii, Rousettus aegyptiacus leachii, R. lanosus, and Eidolon helvum. For the new species, an IUCN Red List category is proposed.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Eidolon helvum, Epomophorus anselli sp. nov., Epomophorus cf. labiatus, Epomophorus gambianus crypturus, Epomophorus wahlbergi, Epomops dobsonii, Kasungu National Park, Malawi, Pteropodidae, Rousettus aegyptiacus leachii, Rousettus lanosus, Southern Africa}, author = {Bergmans, W. and Van Strien, N.} } @article {2999, title = {Systematic status of African populations of Pipistrellus pipistrellus complex (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae), with a description of a new species from Cyrenaica, Libya}, journal = {Acta Chiropterologica}, volume = {6}, number = {2}, year = {2004}, month = {2004b}, pages = {193-217}, abstract = {The distribution of pipistrelles of the Pipistrellus pipistrellus complex (= P. pipistrellus s.l.) reaches only marginally the African continent. These bats are known only from a narrow belt of the Mediterranean zone in Maghreb and from NE Libya. We analysed museum specimens of African populations of P. pipistrellus s.l. using both morphologic and genetic techniques and compared them with Eurasian specimens of the complex. The African representatives of P. pipistrellus complex include two morphologically, genetically and geographically distinct populations. One of them inhabits the Mediterranean part of Cyrenaica, Libya. Belonging to the P. pygmaeus genetic lineage, these bats are represented by larger and more rusty coloured individuals with large massive rostrum and canines. In morphologic traits, this population differs significantly from all Western Palaearctic populations of the P. pipistrellus complex. These bats differ by about 67\% in genetic distance from P. pygmaeus s. str. Within the P. pygmaeus lineage Libyan bats seem to be unique in their echolocation calls: the maximum energy of terminal frequencies was recorded at about 45 kHz. We consider the Libyan pipistrelles to represent a separate species, Pipistrellus hanaki sp. nov. Another distinct African pipistrelle population inhabits the Mediterranean parts of NW African countries, Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia. Individuals from the latter population are small and somewhat darker members of the P. pipistrellus genetic lineage, with relatively short and narrow mesial part of rostrum. Although both morphological and genetic differences between this population and Eurasian P. pipistrellus s. str. were found (genetic distance about 35\%), they are probably not sufficient for the separation of this form at the specific level. However, the differences from European samples show rather not a cline character and therefore potential subspecific level of NW African P. pipistrellus has to be taken into consideration.}, keywords = {Algeria, Chiroptera, Europe, Libya, Mammalia, Mediterranean, Morocco, North Africa, Pipistrellus hanaki sp. nov., Pipistrellus pipistrellus, Pipistrellus pygmaeus, Tunisia, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Benda, P. and Hulva, P. and Gaisler, J.} } @article {3001, title = {Systematic status of African populations of long-eared bats, genus Plecotus (Mammalia: Chiroptera)}, journal = {Folia Zool.}, volume = {53}, number = {Monograph 1}, year = {2004}, month = {2004c}, pages = {1-47}, abstract = {Long-eared bats of the genus Plecotus are widespread over most of temperate Eurasia, marginally reaching the African continent and Macaronesia. Previously, all African populations were assigned to one species, P. auritus, and later to P. austriacus. We analysed museum specimens of African long-eared bat populations using both morphologic and genetic techniques. Based on morphological evidence we recognise four well-defined allopatric populations in northern Africa. They differ in fur coloration, skull morphology and bacular traits. The molecular data support a division of the African populations into at least three well-separated evolutionary lineages. With a combination of these data we define three species of Plecotus occurring in Africa (incl. the Canary Islands) and describe a new subspecies. Small, very pale greyish-brown Egyptian long-eared bats (P. christii Gray, 1838) inhabit desert and semi-deserts habitats of eastern Sahara (Libyan Desert, Nile Valley of Egypt and northern Sudan). Smaller to medium-sized, dark brown Ethiopian long-eared bats (P. balensis Kruskop et Lavrenchenko, 2000) inhabit the Ethiopian Highlands above 2000 metres a. s. l. This form represents the only Afro-tropical species of Plecotus. Large, dark greyish Canarian long-eared bats (P. teneriffae teneriffae Barret-Hamilton, 1907) occur on the three western islands of the Canarian Archipelago. A medium-sized greyish-brown Gaisler{\textquoteright}s long-eared bat, P. teneriffae gaisleri subsp. n., is described from the Mediterranean region of Cyrenaica, north-eastern Libya. Due to the lack of substantial morphological differences we preliminarily consider the Maghrebian population of long-eared bats to be consubspecific with P. teneriffae gaisleri subsp. n. The systematic position of the population of Cape Verde Islands remains uncertain.}, keywords = {Algeria, Chiroptera, Egypt, Ethiopia, Libya, Mediterranean, Morocco, North Africa, Plecotus teneriffae gaisleri ssp. nov., Sudan, Tunisia, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Benda, P. and Kiefer, A. and Han{\'a}k, V. and Veith, M.} } @article {3688, title = {The taxonomic status of Neoromicia somalicus malagasyensis}, journal = {Mammalian Biol.}, volume = {69}, number = {6}, year = {2004}, month = {2004}, pages = {434-438}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, Kenya, Madagascar, Neoromicia malagasyensis nov. stat., systematics, Tanzania, taxonomy, Uganda, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Goodman, S. M. and Ranivo, J.} } @article {3091, title = {Tree dispersal strategies in the littoral forest of Sainte Luce (SE-Madagascar)}, journal = {Oecologia}, volume = {139}, number = {4}, year = {2004}, month = {2004a}, pages = {604-616}, abstract = {Zoochory is the most common mode of seed dispersal for the majority of plant species in the tropics. Based on the assumption of tight plant-animal interactions several hypotheses have been developed to investigate the origin of life history traits of plant diaspores and their dispersers, such as species-specific co-evolution, the low/high investment model (low investment in single fruits but massive fruiting to attract many different frugivores versus high investment in single fruits and fruit production for extended periods to provide food for few frugivores), and the evolution of syndromes which represent plant adaptations to disperser groups (e.g. birds, mammals, mixed). To test these hypotheses the dispersal strategies of 34 tree species were determined in the littoral forest of Sainte Luce (SE-Madagascar) with the help of fruit traps and tree watches. The impact of fruit consumers on the seeds was determined based on detailed behavioral observations. Phenological, morphological and biochemical fruit traits from tree species were measured to look for co-variation with different types of dispersal. No indication for species-specific co-evolution could be found nor any support for the low/high investment model. However dispersal syndromes could be distinguished as diaspores dispersed by birds, mammals or both groups (mixed) differ in the size of their fruits and seeds, fruit shape, and seed number, but not in biochemical traits. Five large-seeded tree species seem to depend critically on the largest lemur, Eulemur fulvus collaris, for seed dispersal. However, this does not represent a case of tight species-specific co-evolution. Rather it seems to be the consequence of the extinction of the larger frugivorous birds and lemurs which might also have fed on these large fruits. Nevertheless these interactions are of crucial importance to conserve the integrity of the forest.}, keywords = {Africa, Aves, Chiroptera, frugivory, fruit selection, fruit traits, lemurs, Madagascar, Mammalia, Primates, Pteropodidae, Pteropus rufus, seed dispersal}, author = {Bollen, A. and Van Elsacker, L. and Ganzhorn, J. U.} } @article {2997, title = {Two new species of bats (Chiroptera) for the fauna of Libya: Rhinopoma hardwickii and Pipistrellus rueppellii}, journal = {Myotis}, volume = {41/42}, year = {2004}, month = {2004a}, pages = {109-124}, abstract = {Rhinopoma hardwickii and Pipistrellus rueppellii were both collected at Al Jaghbub (Giarabub), 29{\textdegree}45{\textquoteright}N - 24{\textdegree}31{\textquoteright}E, Tubruq Distr., Cyrenaica, close to the western border of Egypt. {\textendash} Rh. hardwickii possesses taxonomic characters (colouration, size, skull proportions) divergent from neighbouring and Saharan conspecifics. Besides species (Rh. muscatellum) and specimens from Asia, the comparisons concern African specimens of Rh. hardwickii (from Egypt, Morocco, and Mauritania) and Rh. microphyllum (from Egypt, Mauritania and Senegal). A single P. rueppellii is of extremely small size, actually the smallest specimen of all compared (from Egypt, Algeria, Morocco, Senegal, Nigeria, Central African Republic, Sudan, and Iraq).}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Libya, Mammalia, North Africa, Pipistrellus rueppellii, Rhinopoma hardwickii, Rhinopomatidae, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Benda, P. and Han{\'a}k, V. and Andreas, M. and Reiter, A. and Uhrin, M.} } @book {5061, title = {Untersuchungen zum Jagdverhalten der Zyklopen-Rundblattnasen Fledermaus Hipposideros cyclops (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) im Como{\'e} Nationalpark, C{\^o}te d{\textquoteright}Ivoire}, year = {2004}, month = {2004}, pages = {88}, publisher = {Diploma Thesis}, organization = {Diploma Thesis}, address = {Julius-Maximilians-Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, abstract = {Im Rahmen meiner Diplomarbeit untersuchte ich mit Hilfe der Telemetrie die Jagdstrategie, die Raum- und Wartennutzung sowie die Aktivit{\"a}tsrhythmik der afrikanischen Zyklopen-Rundblattnasen Fledermaus Hipposideros cyclops (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) im Como{\'e}-Nationalpark, C{\^o}te d{\textquoteright}Ivoire. Ein weiterer Fokus meiner Arbeit war der Einfluss der potentiellen Beuteinsektenaktivit{\"a}t auf die Aktivit{\"a}t und das Jagdverhalten der Flederm{\"a}use. Um diese Fragen zu untersuchen, telemetrierte ich im Zeitraum zwischen Anfang April und Ende Juni 2002 f{\"u}nf M{\"a}nnchen und drei Weibchen aus vier verschiedenen Tagesquartieren f{\"u}r jeweils drei halbe aufeinander folgende N{\"a}chte (18:30 bis 24:00 h). Gleichzeitig bestimmte ich durch Lichtf{\"a}nge in Wald- und Savannenhabitat des jeweiligen Jagdgebiets die Insektenaktivit{\"a}t und den Energiegehalt der potentiellen Beuteinsekten. Das regelm{\"a}{\ss}ige Absammeln von Kotproben und Fra{\ss}resten aus Tagesquartieren lieferte zudem Informationen {\"u}ber die Nahrungspr{\"a}ferenzen der Flederm{\"a}use.Meine Untersuchungen zum Jagdverhalten von H. cyclops best{\"a}tigten die Annahme, dass diese Flederm{\"a}use nur sehr kleine Aktionsr{\"a}ume nutzen, sehr standorttreu sind und vorwiegend als Wartenj{\"a}ger mit geringer Flugaktivit{\"a}t fouragieren. Die Nutzung sehr kleiner Jagdgebiete ist gr{\"o}{\ss}tenteils auf den Fouragiermodus der Wartenjagd zur{\"u}ckzuf{\"u}hren. Die Gr{\"o}{\ss}e der Jagdgebiete von H. cyclops liegt im Bereich anderer wartenjagenden Fledermausarten. Als wesentliche Gr{\"u}nde f{\"u}r die Bevorzugung der Wartenjagd gegen{\"u}ber dem Fouragieren im kontinuierlichen Flug wird die Pr{\"a}ferenz von H. cyclops f{\"u}r seltenere, gro{\ss}e Beuteinsekten angenommen. Mit der Wartenjagd erh{\"o}hen sich die M{\"o}glichkeiten, gro{\ss}e Insekten ohne den hohen Energieverbrauch, wie er mit dem freien Flug verbunden ist, {\"u}ber die kosteng{\"u}nstige Wartenjagd zu erbeuten.Die Individuen von H. cyclops nutzten ihre Jagdgebiete kontinuierlich und waren {\"u}ber den gesamten Untersuchungszeitraum sehr ortstreu. Die Jagdgebiete (95 \% Aufenthaltswahrscheinlichkeit) der Weibchen waren mit im Mittel 1.7 ha deutlich kleiner als die der M{\"a}nnchen mit im Mittel 6.9 ha, wohingegen sich bei den Kerngebieten (50 \% Aufenthaltswahrscheinlichkeit) keine geschlechtsspezifischen Unterschiede herausstellten. Ich fand bei jedem Tier zwischen 20 und 39 verschiedenen Warten {\"u}ber den Telemetriezeitraum hinweg, wovon einzelne wiederholt genutzt wurden. Hipposideros cyclops fouragierte in geringer Distanz zu den jeweiligen Tagesquartieren. Die maximale Entfernung der Warten betrug bei den Weibchen mit 244 Metern weniger als bei den M{\"a}nnchen (518 m). Die Flederm{\"a}use hielten sich vor allem in den Waldhabitaten auf. Obwohl H. cyclops sowohl im Wald als auch im Savannenhabitat aktiv war, hielten sich nur M{\"a}nnchen M1 und M4 h{\"a}ufiger im Savannenhabitat auf. W{\"a}hrend die Insektenaktivit{\"a}t in den verschiedenen Inselw{\"a}ldern und Savannen sehr unterschiedlich war, erwies sich der Anteil der Insekten in der Savanne durchgehend als deutlich h{\"o}her, sowohl in der Anzahl der Insekten als auch deren Energiegehalt. Trotzdem hielt sich H. cyclops bevorzugt in den Inselw{\"a}ldern auf. Die meisten der genutzten Warten dieser Fledermausart befanden sich an {\"a}sten in 4 m H{\"o}he mit kaum bis wenig umgebender Vegetation. Die Pr{\"a}ferenz von H. cyclops f{\"u}r hallenartige, offene Waldvegetation ist sowohl im Zusammenhang mit ihrem geradlinigen, schnellen Jagd- und Flugstil als auch hinsichtlich eines m{\"o}glichen Pr{\"a}dationsdrucks zu sehen. Dies wird darin unterst{\"u}tzt, dass sich die Flederm{\"a}use bei starker Bew{\"o}lkung mehr in der Savanne aufhielten als bei hellem Mondlicht. Insgesamt lie{\ss} sich die Variabilit{\"a}t der kurzen Jagdfl{\"u}ge von H. cyclops zum gr{\"o}{\ss}ten Teil (34 \%) durch die Variabilit{\"a}t der Anzahl der Insekten in den Inselw{\"a}ldern, der relativen Luftfeuchte und der Mondsichtbarkeit erkl{\"a}ren.Die Hauptjagdaktivit{\"a}t von H. cyclops war an den lokalen Sonnenuntergang gebunden und begann mit dem Ausflug aus dem Tagesquartier 20{\textpm}4 min nach Sonnenuntergang. Die Hauptjagdaktivit{\"a}tsphase H. cyclops war von sehr kurzen Jagdfl{\"u}gen gepr{\"a}gt. Die kurzen Jagdfl{\"u}ge bis Mitte der ersten Nachth{\"a}lfte und die daraus resultierende kumulative Flugzeit von nur 2-8 Minuten, weist auf die Jagdstrategie eines ausgesprochenen Wartenj{\"a}gers hin und fiel mit der maximalen Verf{\"u}gbarkeit der Insekten (Anzahl/ Energiegehalt) zusammen. Die kumulative Flugaktivit{\"a}t der Flederm{\"a}use wies eine negative Korrelation zur Mondscheindauer auf. Dies k{\"o}nnte auf ein erh{\"o}htes Pr{\"a}dationsrisiko in helleren N{\"a}chten hinweisen. Hipposideros cyclops fouragierte {\"u}berwiegend von Warten aus, wobei die kurzen Jagdfl{\"u}ge von 2-5 Sekunden, die den Hauptanteil der Einzelfl{\"u}ge ausmachten, durch Hangphasen bis zu 68 Minuten unterbrochen waren. W{\"a}hrend der Hangphasen an den Warten orteten die Flederm{\"a}use fast kontinuierlich. Vereinzelt wurde die Echoortung f{\"u}r 6 bis 32 Minuten eingestellt. Dies k{\"o}nnte damit zusammenh{\"a}ngen, dass die Fledermaus bei geringerem Beuteangebot durch Einstellen der Echoortung energetisch besser f{\"a}hrt. Die gesamte Jagdstrategie und Raumnutzung von H. cyclops deutet darauf hin, dass die Tiere Anpassungen an eine m{\"o}glichst energiesparende Fouragier- und Lebensweise entwickelt haben.Die Bindung von H. cyclops an geeignete Tagesquartiere, ihre damit verbundene sedent{\"a}re Lebensweise, ihre Pr{\"a}ferenz f{\"u}r offene Waldhabitate und vor allem die Nutzung nur sehr kleiner Fouragierareale l{\"a}sst vermuten, dass diese Fledermausart sehr stark von der Fragmentierung der Lebensr{\"a}ume betroffen ist.}, keywords = {behaviour, Chiroptera, Como{\'e} National Park, C{\^o}te d{\textquoteright}Ivoire, day roosts, diet, ecology, feeding, Flederm{\"a}use, foraging, habitat preferences, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros cyclops, home range, Insecta, Ivory Coast, Mammalia, morphology, perch hunting, radio-tracking, roosting behaviour, telemetry, Vegetation, West Africa}, author = {Soer, K. S.} } @article {4618, title = {Vertebrate and insect pests and hemi-parasitic plants of Parkia biglobosa and Vitellaria paradoxa in Nigeria}, journal = {Agroforestry Systems}, volume = {60}, number = {1}, year = {2004}, month = {2004b}, pages = {51-59}, abstract = {This study investigated the occurrence and diversity of hemi-parasitic plants, vertebrate and insect pest species of Parkia biglobosa (Keay), and Vitellaria paradoxa (Gaertn.) as well as the strategies for their control in the parklands of the Nigerian humid savanna. Results indicated that of the two major hemi-parasitic plants encountered, Tapinanthus globiferus was the more widespread with wider host range than T. dodonifolius. Mechanical control by cutback of infested branches was ineffective for both species. The major vertebrate pests consist of 6 avian species from 3 families: Nectaridae, Plocidae and Cuculidae; a fruit bat, Epomops frangueti and an unidentified squirrel. The species fed on both the fruits of the trees and the seeds of the hemi-parasitic plants. Twenty insect species from 14 families were encountered on P. biglobosa compared to 33 species from 17 families on V. paradoxa in all the ecological zones covered in the study. Species diversity was comparatively higher in the fallow than in the cultivated land. The majority of the insects encountered was of little significance and may not warrant application of control. Cirina forda (Saturnidae: Lepidoptera) was a major pest causing 60\%-90\% defoliation of mature trees of V. paradoxa. All larval stages were destructive but control at this stage is not advised because it provides incidental source of food to locals. Control after pupation using a slow-release insecticide with a soil penetration depth of 15-20 cm is suggested.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Epomops franqueti, Pteropodidae, West Africa}, author = {Odebiyi, J. A. and Bada, S. O. and Omoloye, A. A. and Awodoyin, R. O. and Oni, P. I.} } @inbook {3478, title = {6. Rapid assessment of bats (Chiroptera) in the For{\^e}t Class{\'e}e du Pic de Fon, Simandou Range, south-eastern Republic of Guinea}, booktitle = {Terrestrial Biological Rapid Assessment Program (RAP) Survey, Socio-economic Threats and Opportunities Assessment, and Initial Biodiversity Action Plan for the Pic de Fon Classified Forest, Simandou Range, Guinea}, year = {2003}, month = {2003}, pages = {103-118}, publisher = {Conservation International}, organization = {Conservation International}, chapter = {199}, address = {Washington, DC}, abstract = {We report on the results of a bat survey of the Pic de Fon, Simandou Range, southeastern Guinea. We document a speciose bat assemblage characterised by forest species, including bats such as Epomops buettikoferi, Rhinolophus guineensis, and Hipposideros jonesi that are endemic to Upper Guinea or West Africa. The sympatric occurrence of three species of Kerivoula is noteworthy, with both K. cuprosa and K. phalaena representing first records for Guinea. Moreover, three individuals of Welwitsch{\textquoteright}s Mouse-eared bat, Myotis welwitschii, were captured during the survey. This is the first record for West Africa and represents a range extension of 4,400 km to the northwest from the nearest known localities. We review the distribution of this species in Africa and conclude that the species shows a paramontane distribution pattern. Seven species or 33.3 \% out of the total of 21 species are registered in the latest IUCN Red List: one species as "Vulnerable" (Epomops buettikoferi) and six species as "Near Threatened" (Rhinolophus alcyone, R. guineensis, Hipposideros jonesi, H. fuliginosus, Kerivoula cuprosa, Miniopterus schreibersii). Our results of the RAP survey as well as the occurrence of bat species that are endemic to the Upper Guinea Highlands highlight the outstanding regional importance of the montane habitats of West Africa in general, and of the Simandou Range in particular for the conservation of bats in Africa.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Guinea, Pic de Fon, Simandou Range, West Africa}, author = {Fahr, J. and Ebigbo, N. M.} } @article {3926, title = {The bats that fly over Ngala}, journal = {CCA Ecological Journal}, volume = {5}, year = {2003}, month = {2003}, pages = {80-83}, keywords = {Chaerephon pumilus, Chiroptera, Emballonuridae, Epomophorus wahlbergi, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus schreibersi, Molossidae, Neoromicia capensis, Nycticeinops schlieffenii, Pipistrellus rusticus, Pteropodidae, Scotophilus dinganii, Scotophilus viridis, South Africa, survey, Taphozous mauritianus, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Hood, D. and Morgan, J.} } @article {3414, title = {Boubous harass bats}, journal = {CCA Ecological Journal}, volume = {5}, year = {2003}, month = {2003}, pages = {202}, keywords = {Africa, Aves, Chiroptera, harassment, Insecta, interspecific competition, Isoptera, Laniarius, Lavia frons, Megadermatidae}, author = {Dunning, P.} } @article {3782, title = {Case 3240. Vespertilio nanus Peters, 1852 (currently Pipistrellus nanus; Mammalia, Chiroptera): Proposed conservation of the specific name}, journal = {Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature}, volume = {60}, number = {1}, year = {2003}, month = {2003}, pages = {42-44}, abstract = {The purpose of this application, under Article 23.9.3 of the Code, is to conserve the widely used name Vespertilio nanus Peters, 1852 (currently Pipistrellus nanus) for the African banana bat (family Vespertilionidae). The name is threatened by limited use of a senior subjective synonym P. africanus (R{\"u}ppell, 1842).}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, Neoromicia nana, nomenclature, Pipistrellus africanus, Pipistrellus nanus, systematics, taxonomy, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Happold, M.} } @article {3477, title = {A conservation assessment of the bats of the Simandou Range, Guinea, with the first record of Myotis welwitschii (Gray, 1866) from West Africa}, journal = {Acta Chiropterologica}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, year = {2003}, month = {2003}, pages = {125-141}, abstract = {We report on the results of a bat survey of the Pic de Fon, Simandou Range, southeastern Guinea. This bat survey was part of a larger Rapid Assessment Program (RAP) study conducted by Conservation International in an area currently explored for iron-ore mining by an international company. We document a speciose bat assemblage characterised by forest species, including bats such as Epomops buettikoferi, Rhinolophus guineensis and Hipposideros jonesi that are endemic to Upper Guinea or West Africa. The sympatric occurence of three species of Kerivoula is noteworthy, with K. phalaena representing the first record for Guinea. Moreover, three individuals of Welwitsch{\textquoteright}s Mouse-eared bat, Myotis welwitschii, were captured during the survey. This is the first record for West Africa and represents a range extension of minimally 3400 km to the northwest from the nearest known localities. We review the distribution of this species in Africa and conclude that the species shows a paramontane distribution pattern (sensu Koopman, 1983). We also report M. welwitschii for the first time from Burundi. Our results of the RAP survey as well as the occurrence of bat species that are endemic to the Upper Guinea Highlands highlight the outstanding regional importance of the montane habitats of West Africa in general, and of the Simandou Range in particular for the conservation of bats in Africa.}, keywords = {Africa, biogeography, Chiroptera, echolocation, Eidolon helvum, Epomophorus gambianus, Epomops buettikoferi, Ethiopian Region, first record, Guinea, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros cf. caffer, Hipposideros cf. ruber, Hipposideros fuliginosus, Hipposideros jonesi, Kerivoula lanosa muscilla, Kerivoula phalaena, Kerivoula sp. [cuprosa], Megaloglossus woermanni, Micropteropus pusillus, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus schreibersii villiersi, Molossidae, Mops spurrelli, Myonycteris torquata, Myotis welwitschii, Nycteridae, Nycteris grandis, Pteropodidae, Rapid Assessment Program, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus alcyone, Rhinolophus guineensis, Rhinolophus landeri, Rousettus aegyptiacus unicolor, Upper Guinea, Vespertilionidae, West Africa}, author = {Fahr, J. and Ebigbo, N. M.} } @article {5426, title = {Echolocation performance and call structure in the megachiropteran fruit-bat Rousettus aegyptiacus}, journal = {Acta Chiropterologica}, volume = {5}, number = {2}, year = {2003}, month = {2003}, pages = {209-219}, abstract = {The structure of the calls made by the echolocating fruit bat Rousettus aegyptiacus while flying within a flight tunnel were investigated. Calls are impulsive clicks lasting around 250 mus, with most energy occurring during the first 100 mus. Such a call duration is much shorter than that previously reported for this species. The ability of R. aegyptiacus to detect and avoid obstacles was tested in both the light and total darkness. Bats were able to detect and avoid 6 mm diameter wires significantly more often than 1.3 mm diameter wires when tested in the light. In the dark, the same relationship held, with no decrease in the ability to detect and avoid the obstacles. Bats used echolocation in both the light and the dark conditions. The simple impulsive clicks used in echolocation by this species are thus able to detect wires of at least 6 mm in diameter and probably smaller. The detection problems associated with very short duration signals is discussed. The possession of both a good visual system, and a good echolocation system in this species has implications for the evolution of echolocation in bats.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, echolocation, Pteropodidae, Rousettus aegyptiacus}, author = {Waters, D. A. and Vollrath, C.} } @article {5032, title = {The endemic Comoros Islands fruit bat Rousettus obliviosus: Ecology, conservation, and Red List status}, journal = {Oryx}, volume = {37}, number = {3}, year = {2003}, month = {2003}, pages = {344-352}, abstract = {Rousettus obliviosus is a megachiropteran bat endemic to the Comoros Islands in the western Indian Ocean. The species is broadly distributed on Grande Comore, Moheli, and Anjouan, but appears to be absent from Mayotte. Roost sites were found to be both shallow and deep caves, in dark locations with infrequent human disturbance. Colony size ranged from 100 to several thousand and at two sites seasonal variation was observed. Total estimated population size was 7,100-17,100. R. obliviosus fed on a variety of native and non-native tree fruits and flowers, and was found native forest habitats, underplanted forest and agricultural areas. R. obliviosus is a manoeuvrable flyer able to hover for brief periods and may echolocate. A small range, sensitivity to disturbance, limited roost site availability and deforestation combine to threaten this species. We suggest that the current IUCN Red List status of Lower Risk: near threatened should be revised to Vulnerable. Protection of roost sites, further surveys to identify additional roosts, further ecological research, and protection of remaining forest are conservation priorities for R. obliviosus.}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, Comoros, Indian Ocean, Mammalia, Pteropodidae, Rousettus obliviosus}, author = {Sewall, B. J. and Granek, E. F. and Trewhella, W. J.} } @article {4473, title = {Fossil bat (Microchiroptera, Mammalia) from Arrisdrift, Namibia}, journal = {Geological Survey of Namibia Memoir}, volume = {19}, year = {2003}, month = {2003}, pages = {115-117}, abstract = {Bats are extremely rare in the Orange River deposits, mainly on account of the fluvial nature of the deposits. Nevertheless the order is represented at Arrisdrift by a new species of rhinolophid which is peculiar in having the vestigial premolar offset to the lingual side, opposite to the usual position in other rhinolophids.}, keywords = {Caenozoic, Chiroptera, fossils, Miocene, Namibia, Neogene, palaeontology, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus contrarius sp. nov., Southern Africa, Tertiary}, author = {Mein, P. and Pickford, M.} } @article {2900, title = {Geographic variation in the morphology, echolocation and diet of the little free-tailed bat, Chaerephon pumilus (Molossidae)}, journal = {African Zoology}, volume = {38}, number = {2}, year = {2003}, month = {2003}, pages = {245-254}, abstract = {The insectivorous bat Chaerephon pumilus has a wide distribution in Africa and displays considerable variation in the colour of its wings and venter. We investigated whether variation is also evident in its morphology, echolocation and diet by comparing a population of this species in Amani Nature Reserve, Tanzania, with published data for these characters elsewhere in its range. Chaerephon pumilus in Amani is on average larger than individuals of this species elsewhere in its range. The Amani population has a longer mean forearm (39.1{\textpm}3.3 mm) than populations in Ghana (36.4{\textpm}1.0 mm) and southern Africa (38 mm) and a higher wing loading (15.3{\textpm}2.2 N/m2) than populations in South Africa (mean=12.6 N/m2). Its echolocation calls are of lower minimum, maximum and peak frequency but of a longer inter-pulse interval than in South Africa. As in other parts of its range, the Amani bats ate small insects ranging in body length from 3-8 mm. However, the most notable difference in the diet of the Amani population was the consumption of cockroaches (Blattodea: Blaberidae) which comprised more than 60\% of the diet. These cockroaches shared the roost with the bats and the bats probably used vision to detect and capture the cockroaches by crawling on the rafters supporting the roof of the roost. Elsewhere in its range the diet of C. pumilus is dominated by Coleoptera, Hemiptera and Diptera.}, keywords = {Africa, Chaerephon pumilus, Chiroptera, diet, echolocation, food, geographic variation, Insecta, Molossidae, morphology, South Africa, Tanzania}, author = {Aspetsberger, F. and Brandsen, D. and Jacobs, D. S.} } @article {4785, title = {Haemoparasites of bats in Madagascar}, journal = {Archives de l{\textquoteright}Institut Pasteur de Madagascar}, volume = {69}, number = {1-2}, year = {2003}, month = {2003}, pages = {70-76}, abstract = {This study aims to evaluate the prevalence and density of haemoparasites in wild malagasy bats. Among the 440 bats, belonging to 14 species sampled in 5 localities in different bio-climatic zones of the island, 93 (21\%) showed at least 1 haemoparasite with, by order of frequency, Haemoproteidae (15.7\% of 440 bats), microfilariae (7.0\%) and Trypanosoma (0.7\%). Among these 93 bats, 92 (99\%) belonged to the family Vespertilionidae. Four bat species, all endemic to the Madagascar region (Madagascar and Comoros), were found to harbour parasites: Miniopterus manavi with Haemoproteidae (38\% of 129 individuals), microfilariae (23\%) and Trypanosoma (2\%); Myotis goudoti with Haemoproteidae (24\% of 68 individuals) and microfilariae (1\%); Miniopterus gleni with Haemoproteidae (23\% of 13 individuals); and Triaenops furculus with Haemoproteidae (4\% of 28 individuals). The sex of bats was not linked to parasite prevalence. Within Miniopterus manavi, those individuals with greater weight also had a higher prevalence of microfilariae; and within the individuals harbouring microfilariae the greatest weights corresponded to the highest density of microfilariae. Ten bat species (with 202 individuals examined) were negative for any haemoparasite. This study is the first to provide evidence of haemoparasites in Malagasy bats; it provides interesting insights, especially concerning the parasite distribution per bat species and families, the pathogenicity of this type of parasitism and the parasite transmission by arthropod vectors.}, keywords = {Africa, Chaerephon leucogaster, Chaerephon sp. nov., Chiroptera, Eidolon dupreanum, Emballonura atrata, Emballonuridae, endoparasites, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros commersoni, Madagascar, Mammalia, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus gleni, Miniopterus manavi, Molossidae, Mops leucostigma, Mormopterus jugularis, Myotis goudoti, Otomops madagascariensis, parasitism, Pteropodidae, Rousettus madagascariensis, Triaenops furculus, Triaenops rufus, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Raharimanga, V. and Ariey, F. and Cardiff, S. G. and Goodman, S. M. and Tall, A. and Rousset, D. and Robert, V.} } @book {3250, title = {Horseshoe Bats of the World (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae)}, year = {2003}, month = {2003}, pages = {xxxii + 160 pp.}, publisher = {Alana Books}, organization = {Alana Books}, address = {Bishop{\textquoteright}s Castle, Shropshire, UK}, abstract = {+ chapter: Guill{\'e}n Servent, A., Francis, C. M., \& Ricklefs, R. "Phylogeny and biogeography of the horseshoe bats", xii-xxiv}, keywords = {Africa, Asia, Australia, Chiroptera, distribution, Europe, identification key, morphology, Palaearctic, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus, systematics, taxonomy}, author = {Csorba, G. and Ujhelyi, P. and Thomas, N. M.} } @article {3762, title = {Archerops, a new annectent hipposiderid genus (Mammalia: Microchiroptera) from the Australian Miocene}, journal = {Journal of Paleontology}, volume = {77}, number = {6}, year = {2003}, month = {2003}, pages = {1139-1151}, abstract = {A new genus and species of hipposiderid bat is described from an early to middle Miocene cave deposit (AL90 Site, estimated to be between 15 and 20 million years old) at Riversleigh, northwestern Queensland, Australia. Archerops annectens new genus and species is interpreted to be most closely related to species of the Asian genera Coelops and Paracoelops and southeastern Africa{\textquoteright}s Cloeotis percivali, none of which has a fossil record. The new Australian fossil bat: 1) shares a number of apomorphies with species of Coelops, Paracoelops, and Cloeotis; 2) lacks striking autapomorphies characterizing each of the three extant genera; 3) exhibits few autapomorphies its own; and 4) forms a structural intermediate between plesiomorphic Tertiary hipposiderids (e.g., Brachipposideros species) and the aberrant Coelops, Paracoelops, and Cloeotis species.}, keywords = {Archerops annectens gen. \& sp. nov., Australia, Chiroptera, fossils, Hipposideridae, Miocene, palaeontology, phylogeny}, author = {Hand, S. J and Kirsch, J. A. W.} } @inbook {3481, title = {The influence of local and regional factors on the diversity, structure, and function of West African bat communities (Chiroptera)}, booktitle = {Sustainable Use and Conservation of Biological Diversity: A Challenge for Society}, series = {Symposium Report, Part A}, year = {2003}, month = {2003}, pages = {176-177}, publisher = {BMBF \& DLR}, organization = {BMBF \& DLR}, chapter = {464}, address = {Berlin}, abstract = {The biodiversity of West African bats was studied on the local and regional scale as well as the role of bats for ecosystem functioning. Our results refute the common assumption of impoverished African bat communities. Instead, we documented highly diverse patterns both for local assemblages and regional species pools. These results contribute to the delimitation of priority areas for conservation and form the indispensable base line against which we will be assessing the effects of human land use along disturbance gradients.}, author = {Fahr, J. and Ebigbo, N. M. and Djossa, B. A. and Schmid, S. and Soer, K. S. and Voglozin, A. and Sinsin, B. and Kalko, E. K. V.} } @article {2790, title = {Isolation and properties of cytoplasmic alpha-glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase from the pectoral muscle of the fruit bat, Eidolon helvum}, journal = {Journal of Biochemistry \& Molecular Biology}, volume = {36}, number = {2}, year = {2003}, month = {2003}, pages = {159-166}, abstract = {Cytoplasmic alpha-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from fruit-bat-breast muscle was purified by ion-exchange and affinity chromatography. The specific activity of the purified enzyme was approximately 120 units/mg of protein. The apparent molecular weight of the native enzyme, as determined by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 was 59,500{\textpm}650 daltons; its subunit size was estimated to be 35,700{\textpm}140 by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The true Michaelis-Menten constants for all substrates at pH 7.5 were 3.9{\textpm}0.7 mM, 0.65{\textpm}0.05 mM, 0.26{\textpm}0.06 mM, and 0.005{\textpm}0.0004 mM for L-glycerol-3-phosphate, NAD+, DHAP, and NADH, respectively. The true Michaelis-Menten constants at pH 10.0 were 2.30{\textpm}0.21 mM and 0.20{\textpm}0.01 mM for L-glycerol-3-phosphate and NAD+, respectively. The turnover number, kcat, of the forward reaction was 1.9{\textpm}0.2X104 s-1. The treatment of the enzyme with 5,5{\textquoteright}-dithiobis-2-nitrobenzoic acid (DTNB) under denaturing conditions indicated that there were a total of eight cysteine residues, while only two of these residues were reactive towards DTNB in the native enzyme. The overall results of the in vitro experiments suggest that alpha-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase of the fruit bat preferentially catalyses the reduction of dihydroxyacetone phosphate to glycerol-3-phosphate.}, keywords = {biochemistry, Chiroptera, Eidolon helvum, Nigeria, Pteropodidae, West Africa}, author = {Agboola, F. K. and Thomson, A. and Afolayan, A.} } @inbook {3136, title = {Les chiropt{\`e}res du mont Nimba}, booktitle = {Le Peuplement Animal du Mont Nimba (Guin{\'e}e, C{\^o}te d{\textquoteright}Ivoire, Liberia)}, series = {M{\'e}moires du Mus{\'e}um national d{\textquoteright}Histoire naturelle}, number = {190}, year = {2003}, month = {2003}, pages = {687-693}, chapter = {726}, abstract = {Thirty nine species of bats have been collected on mount Nimba. This species richness is the highest known in Africa, for areas comparable for both size and prospecting efforts. With ten species, the Megachiroptera are especially well represented. This species richness is related to the diversity and stages of the habitats: in the lower part, primary forest with clearings at different stages of the reconstitution of the forest, and in the highest part of the Guinean region, between the altitudes 800 and 1500 m, savannas with numerous iron mines galleries, occupied by three species of Rhinolophus previously known from mount Cameroon, 2500 km away. A new species discovered in this summital zone was named Hipposideros lamottei in 1984.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, C{\^o}te d{\textquoteright}Ivoire, Guinea, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros lamottei, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mount Nimba, West Africa}, author = {Brosset, A.}, editor = {Lamotte, M. and Roy, R.} } @article {2920, title = {Micromammals and barn owls in the Free State, South Africa: Prey distribution and predator behaviour}, journal = {Navorsinge van die Nasionale Museum (Bloemfontein)}, volume = {19}, number = {1}, year = {2003}, month = {2003}, pages = {1-17}, abstract = {Barn owl pellets were collected from Koppies Dam, Soetdoring and Tussen die Riviere Nature Reserves between 1992 and 2000. The micromammalian component included 25 species (16 rodents, six insectivores, two bats, one elephant shrew), of which the most prominent were the multimammate mouse Mastomys coucha in Koppies Dam and Soetdoring, and the highveld gerbil Tatera brantsii at Tussen die Riviere. More support is provided for the inclusion of Saunders{\textquoteright}s vlei rat Otomys saundersiae in the Free State species list and range extensions are recorded for the tiny musk shrew Crocidura fuscomurina and the forest shrew Myosorex varius. Regular collections from Soetdoring Silo during 1992-5 show a change in dominance from the Cape serotine bat Neoromicia capensis during the early part of the series to Mastomys coucha thereafter. Variation in representation of age classes in the latter species agrees with previous evidence for year-round breeding but with a peak immediately following the main summer rainfall season. Evidence from two pairs of roosts at Soetdoring Purple Grove and Tussen die Riviere Aasvoelkop suggest some degree of separation in hunting ranges by neighbouring birds. These data, together with the change in prey composition over time at Soetdoring Silo, help inform the debate on the extent to which barn owls are opportunistic hunters.}, keywords = {Aves, Chiroptera, Mammalia, Neoromicia capensis, predation pressure, predators, Rodentia, Soricomorpha, South Africa, Strigiformes, Tyto alba, Tytonidae, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Avery, D. M. and Avery, G. and Colahan, B. D.} } @article {3927, title = {Molecular phylogenetics of the chiropteran family Vespertilionidae}, journal = {Acta Chiropterologica}, volume = {5}, number = {Suppl.}, year = {2003}, month = {2003}, pages = {1-63}, abstract = {Limited information from existing data sets and the tremendous amount of diversity in number and kind within the chiropteran family Vespertilionidae (about one-third of all bat species) have hampered efforts to provide adequate assessments of long-standing genealogic hypotheses (e.g., monophyly of the family and of the five subfamilies). We generated approximately 2.6 kilobase pairs of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence ecompassing three adjacent genes (12S rRNA, tRNAzval, 16S rRNA) for 120 vespertilionids representing 110 species, 37 of 44 genera, and all subfamilies. We assessed monophyly of Vespertilionidae in initial analyses of 171 taxa including representatives of all bat families (except the monotypic Craseonycteridae), and assessed lower-level relationships by analysis of several truncated taxon sets. Phylogenetic analysis of ribosomal gene sequences provides well-supported resolution for vespertilionid relationships across taxonomic levels. Furthermore, the resolution is not heavily burdened by alignment of ambiguous regions of the ribosomal gene sequences, and topologies and levels of support produced by two phylogenetic methods (Bayesian and Parsimony) agreed markedly. Our analyses suggest relationships that support many parts of the traditional classification but which also support several changes. The majority of these changes also receives support from other data sources, particularly bacular and karyotypic data. We make more than 20 taxonomic conclusions or recommendations and construct a working classification for vespertilionoid bats. Highlights include: Miniopterus (subfamily Miniopterinae) is recognized in its own family, Miniopteridae, as it represents an extremely divergent lineage relative to other vespertilionids, and in some analyses is sister to the molossids and natalids; all other vespertilionids examined form a well-supported clade; two of the traditional subfamilies within Vespertilionidae (sensu stricto) are monophyletic, Murininae and Kerivoulinae, Nyctophilinae has no validity and Vespertilioninae is paraphyletic relative to the position of Myotis; Myotis is sister to a clade containing Kerivoulinae and Murininae and is recognized in its own subfamily, Myotinae; Myotis subgenera Leuconoe, Selysius, and Myotis are polyphyletic, and a subgeneric classification reflecting geography is suggested, broadening subgenus Myotis to include the sampled Old World species, and allocating the sampled New World species to another subgenus (Aeorestes Fitzinger, 1870); Vespertilioninae (excluding Myotis) is monophyletic; Pipistrellus-like bats (i.e., the traditional tribe Vespertilionini) are divided into three tribes (Nycticeiini; Pipistrellini; Vespertilionini); and support for three tribes of Pipistrellus-like bats has several implications at the genus level. Overall, this study offers a robust working hypothesis for vespertilionid relationships and provides a good starting point for new investigations into the evolutionary history of Vespertilionidae.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Emballonuridae, Furipteridae, Megadermatidae, Miniopteridae, Molossidae, Mormoopidae, Myotinae, Mystacinidae, Myzopodidae, Natalidae, Phyllostomidae, phylogeny, Pteropodidae, Rhinolophidae, Rhinopomatidae, systematics, taxonomy, Thyropteridae}, author = {Hoofer, S. R. and Van Den Bussche, R. A.} } @book {4999, title = {Molekulargenetische Untersuchungen zur Phylogenie und Evolution von Pipistrellus s.l. und Eptesicus}, year = {2003}, month = {2003}, pages = {55}, publisher = {Diploma Thesis}, organization = {Diploma Thesis}, address = {Friedrich-Alexander-Universit{\"a}t Erlangen-N{\"u}rnberg}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, DNA, Flederm{\"a}use, genetics, Mammalia, ND1, phylogeny, RAG2, systematics, taxonomy, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Schnapp, N.} } @article {4762, title = {A new estimate of the population size of the Critically Endangered Rodrigues fruit bat Pteropus rodricensis}, journal = {Oryx}, volume = {37}, number = {3}, year = {2003}, month = {2003}, pages = {353-357}, abstract = {The Rodrigues fruit bat Pteropus rodricensis is endemic to Rodrigues Island, the smallest of the Mascarene Islands in the Indian Ocean. The species is categorized as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List. A study between February 2001 and February 2002 identified 10 roosts, four previously unrecorded. Roost sites were located in the north and south of the island, all within forested valleys. Sixteen counts of each roost site, evenly spaced throughout the study period, showed dramatic changes in individual colony numbers, suggesting movement between roosts. Simultaneous counts of all colonies resulted in a minimum population estimate of 5,076, which is substantially higher than previous estimates of the species. This is believed to be due to a population increase since the last count, newly identified roosts and the movement of bats into different areas, allowing more accurate counts to be made.}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, Indian Ocean, Mammalia, Pteropodidae, Pteropus rodricensis}, author = {Powell, V. J. and Wehnelt, S. C.} } @article {4935, title = {A new genus and species of cave cockroach (Blaberidae: Oxyhaloinae) from Guinea, West Africa}, journal = {Journal of Orthoptera Research}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, year = {2003}, month = {2003}, pages = {57-61}, abstract = {A new genus and species of ovoviviparous blaberid cockroach, Simandoa conserfariam is described that lives in bat guano in a cave in Guinea, West Africa. The male{\textquoteright}s subgenital plate, styles, and genitalia clearly place it in the Blaberidae: Oxyhaloinae: Nauphoetini. It is close to Henschoutedenia and Nauphoeta, but lacks stridulating structures on the pronotum and tegmina which are present in some species of the other 2 genera. The taxon belongs in the {\textquotedblleft}Guanobies{\textquotedblright} group of cockroaches and lives in bat guano that accumulates not far from the entrance of the cave where light is present: Simandoa shows none of the characteristics of a troglobite (obligate cave-dweller) which, compared to surface dwellers, has reduced eyes and wings.}, keywords = {Blattodea, Chiroptera, Guinea, Pic de Fon, Pteropodidae, Rousettus aegyptiacus, Simandoa conserfariam sp. nov., Simandou Range, West Africa}, url = {Roth \& Naskrecki 2003.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1665/1082-6467(2004)013[0057:ANGASO]2.0.CO;2}, author = {Roth, L. M. and Naskrecki, P.} } @article {2889, title = {New lyssavirus genotype from the lesser mouse-eared bat (Myotis blythi), Kyrghyzstan}, journal = {Emerging Infectious Diseases}, volume = {9}, number = {3}, year = {2003}, month = {2003}, pages = {333-337}, abstract = {The Aravan virus was isolated from a esser mouse-eared bat (Myotis blythi) in the Osh region of Kyrghyzstan, central Asia, in 1991. We determined the complete sequence of the nucleoprotein (N) gene and compared it with those of 26 representative lyssaviruses obtained from databases. The Aravan virus was distinguished from seven distinct genotypes on the basis of nucleotide and amino acid identity. Phylogenetic analysis based on both nucleotide and amino acid sequences showed that the Aravan virus was more closely related to genotypes 4, 5, and {\textemdash} to a lesser extent {\textemdash} 6, which circulates among insectivorus bats in Europe and Africa. The Aravan virus does not belong to any of the seven known genotypes of lyssaviruses, namely, rabies, Lagos bat, Mokola, and Duvenhage viruses and European bat lyssavirus 1, European bat lyssavirus 2, and Australian bat lyssavirus. Based on these data, we propose a new genotype for the Lyssavirus genus.}, keywords = {Asia, Chiroptera, infectious diseases, Kyrghyzstan, lyssaviruses, Myotis blythii, rabies, Vespertilionidae, virology}, url = {Arai et al. 2003.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0903.020252}, author = {Arai, Y. T and Kuzmin, I. V. and Kameoka, Y. and Botvinkin, A. D.} } @article {3076, title = {New observations on mites of the family Myobiidae Megnin, 1877 (Acari: Prostigmata) with special reference to their host-parasite relationships}, journal = {Bull. Inst. r. Sci. nat. Belg.: Ent.}, volume = {73}, year = {2003}, month = {2003}, pages = {5-50}, abstract = {Several species of myobiid mites belonging to ten, of the 50 known genera are revised. Among them 5 new species and 4 new subgenera are described: Crocidurobia (Crocidurobia) dusbabeki sp. nov., Radfordia (Radfordia) colomys sp. nov., Radfordia (Radfordia) dephomys sp. nov., Radfordia (Radfordia) myomysci sp. nov. and Radfordia (Radfordia) delectori sp. nov., Emballomyobia subgen. nov., Otomyobia subgen. nov., Acomyobia subgen. nov. and Petromyscobia subgen. nov.The following stages of recognised species are described and depicted for the first time: Females (1 species): Ugandobia (Emballomyobia) emballonurae Fain, 1972 comb. nov. Males (4 species): Ugandobia (Ugandobia) garambensis Fain, 1973, Idiurobia idiuri (Fain, 1973), Radfordia (Radfordia) hystricosa Fain, 1972 comb. nov. and Radfordia (Lophurmyobia) brevipilis Fain, 1972. Tritonymphs (12 species): Idiurobia idiuri, Myobia (Myobia) malaysiensis Fain, Lukoschus et Nadchatram, 1980, Myobia (Myobia) hyatti Fain, 1973, Myobia (Myobia) afromuris Fain, 1972, Myobia (Otomyobia) otomyia Lawrence, 1951, Austromyobia (Dendromyobia) mesomelas (Fain et Lukoschus, 1976), Radfordia (Radfordia) pogonomys Fain et Lukoschus, 1976, Radfordia (Radfordia) thamnomys Fain, 1972, Radfordia (Radfordia) malacomys Fain, 1972, Radfordia (Radfordia) bukokoensis Fain et Lukoschus, 1976 comb. nov., Radfordia hystricosa and Radfordia brevipilis.Four species are synonymized: Acanthophthirius miniopteri Fain, 1972 syn. nov. with Acanthophthirius capensis (de Meillon et Lavoipierre, 1944), Binuncus rousetti Fain, 1972 syn. nov. with Binuncus jamesoni (Hiregaudar et Bal, 1956), Radfordia praomys trifurcata Fain, 1973 syn. nov. with Radfordia praomys Zumpt et Coffee, 1971, Radfordia chrysophila Curfs et al., 1986 syn. nov. with Radfordia angolensis Fain, 1972.Keys are provided to the genera Ugandobia and Crocidurobia. Lists of hosts and localities are given for the genera, Ugandobia, Neomyobia, Crocidurobia, and the subgenus Radfordia s.str. Host-parasites relationships are analysed for some myobiid genera.}, keywords = {[Neoromicia] Eptesicus capensis, Acanthophthirius capensis, Acari, Africa, Arachnida, Binuncus epomophori, Binuncus jamesoni, Binuncus myonycteris, Chiroptera, Congo (Kinshasa), ectoparasites, Emballonuridae, Epomophorus anurus [labiatus], host-parasite relationships, identification key, Liberia, Myobiidae, Myonycteris torquata, Nanonycteris veldkampii, Neomyobia jacksoni, parasitism, Pteropodidae, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus fumigatus, Rousettus aegyptiacus, synonymy, systematics, Tanzania, Taphozous sudani [perforatus], taxonomy, Ugandobia garambensis, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Bochkov, A. V. and Fain, A.} } @article {2983, title = {Notes sur les Ischnopsyllinae du Continent Africain. IV: Quelques Lagaropsylla Jordan \& Rothschild 1921 de C{\^o}te d{\textquoteright}Ivoire; description de L. senckenbergiana n. sp. (Insecta: Siphonaptera: Ischnopsyllidae)}, journal = {Senckenbergiana biol.}, volume = {82}, number = {1/2}, year = {2003}, month = {2003}, pages = {157-162}, abstract = {For the first time Ischnopsyllidae are reported from Ivory Coast. They comprise three species of Lagaropsylla, one of which is described as L. senckenbergiana n. sp. The hosts of the new taxon, Chaerephon russata and Ch. aloysiisabaudiae, and of Lagaropsylla sp., Ch. nigeriae, represent first records of these bats for Ivory Coast.}, keywords = {Chaerephon aloysiisabaudiae, Chaerephon nigeriae, Chaerephon russatus, Chiroptera, ectoparasites, Insecta, Ischnopsyllidae, Ivory Coast, Lagaropsylla senckenbergiana sp. nov., Molossidae, parasitism, Siphonaptera, West Africa}, author = {Beaucournu, J.-C. and Fahr, J.} } @book {4587, title = {{\"o}kologische Untersuchungen zur Wirbeltierfauna im s{\"u}d{\"o}stlichen Mauretanien - Zwei Fallstudien unter besonderer Ber{\"u}cksichtigung der Krokodile}, year = {2003}, month = {2003}, pages = {89}, publisher = {Deutsche Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH}, organization = {Deutsche Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH}, address = {Eschborn}, keywords = {Amphibia, Aves, Chiroptera, Crocodylus niloticus, Guelta Metraucha, Mammalia, Mauritania, Molossidae, Reptilia, Tadarida aegyptiaca, West Africa}, author = {Nickel, H.} } @article {3745, title = {Oldest placental mammal from sub-Saharan Africa: Eocene microbat from Tanzania {\textendash} evidence for early evolution of sophisticated echolocation}, journal = {Palaeontologia Electronica}, volume = {5}, number = {3}, year = {2003}, month = {2003}, pages = {1-10}, abstract = {A partial skeleton of a new fossil microbat, Tanzanycteris mannardi, is the oldest placental mammal found in sub-Saharan Africa. It came from early Lutetian (46 Ma) lake sediments in north-central Tanzania. T. mannardi has enlarged cochleae indicating it was capable of a highly derived form of echolocation. Modern bats sharing similar morphology are capable of precise navigation in dense forest undergrowth. The phylogenetic relationships of T. mannardi are unclear. It shares character states with Eocene Hassianycterididae, with extant Microchiroptera, and with Rhinolophoidea within Microchiroptera. T. mannardiis important in documenting early evolution of sophisticated bat echolocating abilities and demonstrating that Tanzanian crater lakes offer an opportunity for future discoveries of Eocene mammals from the African interior.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, East Africa, echolocation, Eocene, fossils, morphology, palaeontology, Tanzania, Tanzanycteris mannardi sp. nov.}, url = {http://palaeo-electronica.org/paleo/2002_2/africa/issue2_02.htm}, author = {Gunnell, G. F. and Jacobs, B. F. and Herendeen, P. S. and Head, J. J. and Kowalski, E. and Msuya, C. P. and Mizambwa, F. A. and Harrison, T. and Habersetzer, J. and Storch, G.} } @inbook {3741, title = {Phylogeny and biogeography of the horseshoe bats}, booktitle = {Horseshoe Bats of the World (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae)}, year = {2003}, month = {2003}, pages = {xii-xxiv}, publisher = {Alana Books}, organization = {Alana Books}, chapter = {xxxii + 160}, address = {Bishop{\textquoteright}s Castle, Shropshire, UK}, keywords = {Africa, Asia, Australia, Chiroptera, Europe, molecular genetics, Palaearctic, phylogeny, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus}, author = {Guill{\'e}n-Servent, A. and Francis, C. M. and Ricklefs, R. E.}, editor = {Csorba, G. and Ujhelyi, P. and Thomas, N. M.} } @article {3653, title = {A phylogeny of megachiropteran bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) based on direct optimization analysis of one nuclear and four mitochondrial genes}, journal = {Cladistics}, volume = {19}, number = {6}, year = {2003}, month = {2003}, pages = {496-511}, abstract = {The phylogeny of megachiropteran bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) has been investigated using several different molecular datasets. These studies differed widely in taxonomic and locus sampling, and their results tended to lack resolution of internal nodes and were themselves largely incongruent. To address this, we assembled a data set of 5 loci (up to 3.5 kbp from 12S rDNA, 16S rDNA, tDNA-valine, cytochrome b, and the nuclear gene c-mos) for 43 species of megachiropterans and 6 microchiropteran outgroups. We analyzed these data with direct optimization under equal costs for substitutions and indels. We used POY in a parallel setting, and searches consisted of replicated swapping + refinements (ratcheting, tree fusing, and iterative pass optimization). Our results indicate that Megachiroptera and all recognized genera (including Pteropus) are monophyletic, and that Melonycteris is the sister group of the clade containing all the other genera. Clades previously proposed using molecular data, as well as many new and traditional groups, were well-supported, and various sources suggest that the degree of conflict with morphological data may be considerably less marked than previously supposed. Analysis of individual loci suffer 70\% loss in the number of compatible groups recovered across all analyses with respect to combined analyses. Our results indicate that, within Megachiroptera, nectarivory and cave-dwelling originated several times, but echolocation (used for obstacle detection) evolved only once. Megachiropterans likely originated in SE Asia-Melanesia, and colonized Africa at least four times.}, keywords = {Africa, Asia, Chiroptera, Eidolon, Epomophorus, Epomops, Lissonycteris, Megaloglossus, Micropteropus, molecular genetics, Myonycteris, Pacific, phylogeny, Pteropodidae, Rousettus, Stenonycteris}, url = {Giannini \& Simmons 2003.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cladistics.2003.09.002}, author = {Giannini, N. P. and Simmons, N. B.} } @article {4068, title = {Phylogeography of barbastelle bats (Barbastella barbastellus) in the western Mediterranean and the Canary Islands}, journal = {Acta Chiropterologica}, volume = {5}, number = {2}, year = {2003}, month = {2003}, pages = {165-175}, abstract = {We use two mitochondrial DNA fragments with different substitution rates (cytochrome b gene and the control region) to address the following phylogeographic questions about western Palaearctic populations of the barbastelle bat (Barbastella barbastellus): 1) Do the Iberian populations of barbastelles show any genetic discontinuity associated with its present fragmented distribution?, 2) Is the Gibraltar Strait an effective barrier to gene flow for barbastelles? and 3) Is the subspecies{\textquoteright} from the Canary Islands genetically distinct from continental barbastelles? Our molecular survey shows that there is only a shallow genetic structure among populations of the Iberian Peninsula and Morocco, and probably, even across Europe until Thrace, although, this last point needs to be confirmed. The Gibraltar Strait has not played any significant role as a biogeographic barrier to prevent the recent passage of European barbastelles to Morocco (or vice versa). Our phylogenetic reconstructions also confirm the taxonomic distinction of B. barbastellus guanchae as an endemic subspecies confined to the Canary Islands. The precise origin of this Canarian taxon is, nevertheless, still unclear as its mitochondrial lineage is distinct from any lineage found so far in Morocco and Iberia. This important genetic distinctness suggests either a relatively ancient colonization of the Canary Islands or that the source population of the founders have not yet been identified.}, keywords = {Atlantic, Barbastella barbastellus barbastellus, Barbastella barbastellus guanchae, Canary Islands, Chiroptera, Europe, gene flow, Iberian Peninsula, molecular genetics, Morocco, North Africa, phylogeography, Spain, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Juste B., J. and Ib{\'a}{\~n}ez, C. and Trujillo, D. and Mu{\~n}oz, J. and Ruedi, M.} } @article {4655, title = {Recent Quaternary fossil mammals of Chrafate and Ez Zarka. The origin of modern fauna in the Northern Rif (NW Morocco, Northern Africa)}, journal = {Geologica Acta}, volume = {1}, number = {3}, year = {2003}, month = {2003}, pages = {277-288}, abstract = {The Northern Rif (Northern Morocco, Northwestern Africa) was characterised in the late Pleistocene and the Holocene by mammal assemblages, which included species with different biogeographic origins. Saharian, Saharo-Mediterranean, Sahelian species as well as some forms adapted to the Mediterranean climatic regime have been recorded. The fossil mammal assemblages recovered from two new localities in karstic infills (Chrafate and Ez Zarka) correspond well with this palaeobiogeographic setting and suggest that this region was a crossroad of palaeoartic and palaeotropical species. The variety observed in the fossil mammal assemblages and in the present mammal fauna resulted from a long period of aridity, which coincided with the late Pleistocene post-glacial stage and was followed by a Holocene humid phase. This palaeoclimatic change resulted from the equator ward shift of the high-pressure cell belt, which allowed the southward shift of less arid Mediterranean climatic zones.}, keywords = {Asellia tridens, Chiroptera, fossils, Hipposideridae, Holocene, Mammalia, Mediterranean, Morocco, Myotis blythii [punicus], North Africa, palaeontology, Pleistocene, Rodentia, Soricomorpha, Vespertilionidae}, url = {Ouahbi et al. 2003.pdf http://www.geologica-acta.com/pdf/vol0103a03.pdf}, author = {Ouahbi, Y. and Aberkan, M. and Serre, F.} } @article {3126, title = {A revised systematic checklist of the extant mammals of the southern African subregion}, journal = {Durban Mus. Novit.}, volume = {28}, year = {2003}, month = {2003}, pages = {56-106}, abstract = {The current paper presents a revised, annotated, systematic checklist of 351 extant mammal species, in 190 genera, currently known to occur in southern Africa (south of the Zambezi and Cunene Rivers) and its coastal waters. The checklist includes each species{\textquoteright} scientific and English common name, details concerning original description, occurrence or possible occurrence in each of the seven countries falling within the Subregion, and, where relevant, the IUCN global Category of Threat. Taxonomic notes, together with the relevant literature, are provided to justify the proposed classification adopted at each hierarchical level. The new classification we present is founded on the philosophy of phylogenetic systematics, and represents not only a summary of new information, but also tremendous advances in the methods and philosophy of mammalian systematics during the past two decades.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Emballonuridae, Hipposideridae, Mammalia, Megadermatidae, Molossidae, Nycteridae, Pteropodidae, Rhinolophidae, Southern Africa, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Bronner, G. N. and Hoffmann, M. and Taylor, P. J. and Chimimba, C. T. and Best, P. B. and Matthee, C. A. and Robinson, T.J.} } @article {3553, title = {Science and the conservation of bats: Where to next?}, journal = {Wildlife Society Bulletin}, volume = {31}, number = {1}, year = {2003}, month = {2003b}, pages = {6-15}, abstract = {This paper reflects on four topics: 1) the value of bats as indicator species, 2) the state of our knowledge of bats, 3) "silver bullets" (magical tools for solving difficult problems) for studying bats, and 4) the public image of bats and its implications for conservation. The combination of size, mobility, and longevity makes bats good indicators of general habitat quality in regard to both disturbance and the existence of contaminants. Moreover, their propensity to exploit human-wrought changes in the environment provides "good-news" conservation stories at a time when populations of many other organisms wither and disappear in the face of human onslaught. Bats often use food sources created by humans, including insects at artificial light sources, fruits in orchards, or blood from livestock, and many species roost in artificial structures including buildings and mines. However, good-news stories can mask important challenges. What is "the truth" about bat populations and species? Misleading information about bats may adversely affect their survival. For example, the North American silver-haired bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans) has been implicated in human deaths from rabies. Although it is a colonial species, information about this bat and rabies usually refers to it as solitary, influencing the interpretation of data about its role in the epidemiology of rabies. In another example, although the African large-eared free-tailed bat (Otomops martiensseni) is listed as "vulnerable," it is common in some areas, conflicting with its International Union for the Conservation of Nature classification. Some bats live in groups, but not all bats are colonial. A colony of bats may include individuals that roost together only some of the time, and the bats using a roost on any given day may not be a social unit. Problems of technique also influence our views of bats. Of note are quests for "silver bullets," including the common use of oversized radiotransmitters on small bats, and the mistaken belief that bats are always identifiable by their echolocation calls. Bats have a public image problem, and their involvement, particularly of silver-haired bats and eastern pipistrelles (Pipistrellus subflavus), in human deaths caused by rabies virus can influence the way people view bats and our chances of ensuring their survival. Concluding this manuscript are five recommendations about future research to advance the conservation of bats.}, keywords = {bat detectors, behaviour, Chiroptera, colonies, conservation, day roosts, echolocation, rabies, radio-tracking, telemetry}, author = {Fenton, M. B.} } @article {3640, title = {Sea-skimming by Seychelles fruit bats}, journal = {Phelsuma}, volume = {11}, year = {2003}, month = {2003}, pages = {79-80}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, Indian Ocean, parasites, Pteropodidae, Pteropus seychellensis, saltwater, Seychelles}, author = {Gerlach, J.} } @article {4493, title = {Strong population substructure is correlated with morphology and ecology in a migratory bat}, journal = {Nature}, volume = {424}, number = {6945}, year = {2003}, month = {2003}, pages = {187-191}, abstract = {Examining patterns of inter-population genetic diversity can provide valuable information about both historical and current evolutionary processes affecting a species. Population genetic studies of flying and migratory species such as bats and birds have traditionally shown minimal population substructure, characterized by high levels of gene flow between populations. In general, strongly substructured mammalian populations either are separated by non-traversable barriers or belong to terrestrial species with low dispersal abilities. Species with female philopatry (the tendency to remain in or consistently return to the natal territory) might show strong substructure when examined with maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA, but this substructure generally disappears when biparentally inherited markers are used, owing to male-mediated gene flow. Male-biased dispersal is considered typical for mammals, and philopatry in both sexes is rare. Here we show strong population substructure in a migratory bat species, and philopatry in both sexes, as indicated by concordance of nuclear and mtDNA findings. Furthermore, the genetic structure correlates with local biomes and differentiation in wing morphology. There is therefore a close correlation of genetic and morphological differentiation in sympatric subspecific populations of this mammalian species.}, keywords = {biomes, Chiroptera, habitat, incipient speciation, migration, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus schreibersii natalensis, population genetics, South Africa, Vegetation, wing morphology}, author = {Miller-Butterworth, C. M. and Jacobs, D. S. and Harley, E. H.} } @article {5002, title = {Support for the allotonic frequency hypothesis in an insectivorous bat community}, journal = {Oecologia}, volume = {134}, number = {1}, year = {2003}, month = {2003}, pages = {154-162}, abstract = {{The allotonic frequency hypothesis proposes that certain insectivorous bat species can prey upon moths that can hear bat echolocation calls by using echolocation frequencies outside the sensitivity range of moth ears. The hypothesis predicts that the peak frequencies of bat echolocation calls are correlated with the incidence of moths in the diets of these bats. The aim of this study was to test this prediction on a bat community dominated by bats using low duty cycle echolocation calls, i.e. aerial foraging, insectivorous species using frequency modulated calls. The community consisted of nine species, two molossids, Sauromys petrophillus and Tadarida aegyptiaca, five vespertilionids, Eptesicus capensis, Eptesicus hottentotus, Miniopteris schreibersii, Myotis tricolor, and Myotis lesueuri, one rhinolophid, Rhinolophus clivosus, and one nycterid, Nycteris thebaica. The insect fauna in the habitat used by the bat community was suited to the testing of the allotonic frequency hypothesis because more than 90\% of the moths comprising the insect fauna were tympanate. These included Pyralidae (3.8\%), Geometridae (44.9\%), Notodontidae (3.8\%), Arctiidae (4.6\%), Lymantriidae (0.8\%) and Noctuidae (32.4\%). As predicted, peak echolocation frequency was correlated with the incidence of moths in the diets of these nine species (r=0.98}, keywords = {[Cistugo] Myotis lesueuri, [Neoromicia] Eptesicus capensis, Chiroptera, Cistugidae, Eptesicus hottentotus, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus schreibersii, Molossidae, Myotis tricolor, Nycteridae, Nycteris thebaica, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus clivosus, Sauromys petrophilus, South Africa, Tadarida aegyptiaca, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Schoeman, M. C. and Jacobs, D. S.} } @article {4241, title = {Associations between nesting village weavers, Ploceus cucullatus, and other animal species in The Gambia}, journal = {Ostrich}, volume = {73}, number = {1-2}, year = {2002}, month = {2002}, pages = {59-60}, keywords = {Aves, Chiroptera, day roosts, Gambia, Ploceus cucullatus, West Africa}, url = {Lahti et al. 2002.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/00306520209485353}, author = {Lahti, D. C. and Lahti, A. R. and Dampha, M. J.} } @article {3418, title = {Coccidia (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) of the mammalian order Chiroptera}, journal = {Special Publication of the Museum of Southwestern Biology}, number = {5}, year = {2002}, month = {2002}, pages = {i-iv, 1-42}, abstract = {The coccidia are protists (phylum Apicomplexa) that, likely, are both the most abundant (numbers of individual zoites) and most speciose of all the kinds of parasites found in/on mammals. They also are among the least studied and understood, with the exception of those species that cause pathology in domesticated Artiodactyla. In this review, I focus only on the largest family of the phylum, Eimeriidae Minchin, 1903, because its members often are among the most prevalent apicomplexans of mammals, and because there has never been a taxonomic summation for those species that infect Chiroptera. In all published descriptions of bat coccidia, members of only one genus, Eimeria, have been discovered and named from oocysts found in fecal material; here, all published descriptions of Eimeria species that infect bats are reviewed and evaluated. Some of the named species are invalid, either because rules concerning the naming of new species (International Code of Zoological Nomenclature) were not followed and/or the original description was so incomplete as to be of little use; such names have been relegated to species inquirendae. Recently, oocysts of an Isospora-like species were found in the kidney and urine of Eptesicus fuscus (Vespertilionidae), but until a detailed description and a photosyntype or line drawing are available, this organism also must be considered a species inquirendae. The Chiroptera has 17 families, 177 genera and 925 species. There are no coccidia known from 11 families: Pteropodidae, Rhinopomatidae, Craseonycteridae, Nycteridae, Megadermatidae, Noctilionidae, Mormoopidae, Natalidae, Furipteridae, Myzopodidae, Mystacinidae, and for seven (64\%) of these, no individuals in the family have been examined for coccidia. In the Emballonuridae, three genera Peropteryx, Rhynchonycteris and Taphozous have been examined and each has a unique Eimeria species; in the Rhinolophidae, only Rhinolophus has been examined with two Eimeria species known; in the Phyllostomidae, 15 genera have been examined, but only one Eimeria species has been found in a Uroderma species; in the Vespertilionidae, 13 genera have been examined and 20 Eimeria have been found in seven genera: Antrozous (1), Myotis (8); Nyctalus (2), Nycticeius (1), Pipistrellus (5), Tomopeas (1) and Vespertilio (2); and in the Molossidae, five genera have been examined and five Eimeria species have been discovered in four of them: Chaerephon (2), Eumops (1), Molossus (1) and Nyctinomops (1). In all, 31 Eimeria species are now known from chiropteran hosts and eight species inquirendae are noted. In general, phyllostomids, exclusively New World bats, most of which are frugivorous, do not have coccidia, whereas other groups of bats that have been examined do. This may suggest that we are dealing with a phylogenetic explanation for this host-parasite association rather than an environmental, dietary or behavioral one. Mammalogists are encouraged to be more receptive to working with parasitologists to use comparative parasite data that might provide insights into bat evolution, habitat use and sociality. The eimeriid coccidia are ideal parasites for such cooperative efforts because they can be collected easily by noninvasive fecal (and urine?) collections.}, keywords = {[Chaerephon pumilus] Tadarida limbata, [Mops brachypterus] Chaerephon bemmeleni, Africa, Chiroptera, endoparasites, Molossidae, parasitism}, author = {Duszynski, D. W.} } @article {4151, title = {On a collection of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from The Gambia}, journal = {Acta Chiropterologica}, volume = {4}, number = {1}, year = {2002}, month = {2002}, pages = {77-97}, abstract = {A recent collection of bats from The Gambia presented in this publication comprises 17 species, four of which (Lissonycterisangolensis, Pipistrellus (P.) rusticus, P. (Neoromicia) guineensis, and Scotoecus hirundo) represent new records for The Gambia, raising the total number of known species from 27 to 31. Notes on taxonomy, distribution, ecology and biology are presented.}, keywords = {Asellia tridens murraiana, Chiroptera, Eidolon helvum, Epomophorus gambianus, Gambia, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros ruber guineensis, Lavia frons, Lissonycteris angolensis smithii, Megadermatidae, Micropteropus pusillus, Neoromicia guineensis, Neoromicia nanus stampflii, Neoromicia rendalli, Nycteridae, Nycteris gambiensis, Nycteris hispida, Nycteris macrotis, Nycteris thebaica, Pipistrellus rusticus marrensis, Pteropodidae, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus denti, Rhinolophus landeri, Scotoecus hirundo, Scotophilus leucogaster, Vespertilionidae, West Africa}, author = {Kock, D. and Barnett, L. and Fahr, J. and Emms, C.} } @article {3709, title = {Conservation of Pteropus livingstonii based on roost site habitat characteristics on Anjouan and Moheli, Comoros islands}, journal = {Biol. Conservation}, volume = {108}, number = {1}, year = {2002}, month = {2002}, pages = {93-100}, abstract = {Livingstone{\textquoteright}s fruit bats, Pteropus livingstonii, (Pteropodidae: Chiroptera) are endemic to only two islands, Moheli and Anjouan of the Comoros Islands in the West Indian Ocean. With an estimated population of less than 2000 individuals, P. livingstonii is listed as Critically Endangered on the International Union for the Conservation of Nature{\textquoteright}s Red List. Yet the habitat characteristics of these giant fruit bats, or flying foxes, are poorly known. I conducted field research during 5 months in 1998 focused on finding new roost sites, measuring characteristics of both roost sites and roost trees at new as well as previously identified roost sites, and recording the same characteristics for a set of absence sites. I identified six new roost sites allowing me to measure the characteristics of 15 known roost sites and seven absence sites. The study spanned both dry and rainy seasons and I found a significant increase in the number of individuals at roost sites during the rainy season. Bat roost sites were associated with presence of water, southeast aspect, steep slopes, and presence of several native tree species. Roost habitat was characterized based on biotic, abiotic and human factors. This research on habitat characteristics is contributing to the development of a conservation action plan for the Livingstone{\textquoteright}s fruit bats. However, further research on dry season roost sites and distribution as well as feeding sites is necessary in order to better understand their seasonal habitat requirements and therefore ensure the conservation of P. livingstonii.}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, Comoros, Indian Ocean, Pteropodidae, Pteropus livingstonii}, author = {Granek, E.} } @article {2922, title = {A contribution from barn owl pellets to known micromammalian distributions in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa}, journal = {African Zoology}, volume = {37}, number = {2}, year = {2002}, month = {2002}, pages = {131-140}, abstract = {Samples of barn owl pellets were collected from the Dundee, Estcourt and Kokstad areas of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, during March 2000 for their micromammalian prey remains. Other material collected from near Pietermaritzburg in 1988/89 by the late J.O. Wirminghaus was also analysed. A minimum of 38 micromammalian species was identified, with notable range extensions being recorded for Crocidura fuscomurina and Tatera leucogaster and new localities for all other species. These samples have also added to the numbers of insectivore and rodent species known to occur in the Drier and Moist Upland bioregions. General diversity appears to be much lower in the Coastal Hinterland bioregion but this is probably due to human disturbance of the vegetation near the collecting sites. The samples further illustrate the usefulness of data collection from barn owls for biodiversity studies in particular.}, keywords = {Aves, Chiroptera, Chrysochloridae, diet, food, Mammalia, Myotis tricolor, Neoromicia capensis, Nycteridae, Nycteris thebaica, predation, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus clivosus, Rodentia, Scotophilus viridis, Soricomorpha, South Africa, Strigiformes, Tyto alba, Tytonidae, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Avery, D. M. and Avery, G. and Roberts, A.} } @article {3090, title = {Feeding ecology of Pteropus rufus (Pteropodidae) in the littoral forest of Sainte Luce, SE Madagascar}, journal = {Acta Chiropterologica}, volume = {4}, number = {1}, year = {2002}, month = {2002}, pages = {33-47}, abstract = {This paper examines bat-plant interactions by focusing on the fruit diet and food selection of flying foxes (Pteropus rufus) in the littoral forest fragments of Sainte Luce, SE Madagascar. Analyses of faecal samples and opportunistic observations revealed 40 endemic plant species in the diet. The bats mainly eat odorous ripe and juicy berries. No particular fruit colour was predominant in their diet. Both multi- and single-seeded fruits are eaten. Small seeds (1-3.5 mm in length) are usually swallowed whole. Passage through the digestive tract of the flying foxes does not reduce the germination rate of seeds nor the percentage of seeds germinated. This study indicates that the role of flying foxes in both short and long distance seed dispersal for a large number of endemic tree species of the littoral forest should not be underestimated when designing reforestation programs in particular or conservation action plans in general.}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, frugivory, fruit selection, germination rates, Madagascar, Pteropodidae, Pteropus rufus, seed dispersal}, author = {Bollen, A. and Van Elsacker, L.} } @article {5018, title = {Feeding ecology of the common slit-faced bat (Nycteris thebaica) in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa}, journal = {Acta Chiropterologica}, volume = {4}, number = {1}, year = {2002}, month = {2002}, pages = {49-54}, abstract = {Monthly samples of arthropod remains (n=1,190 culled parts) collected over a year from under a Nycteris thebaica night roost in the Kenneth Stainbank Nature Reserve (South Africa) show that prey eaten by bats vary significantly by order but not by season. Nevertheless, there was a significant interaction between the prey category and season, suggesting that these two factors are not independent from each other. Coleoptera (49.6\% in the culled parts, calculated as percent composition) dominated in spring (September-November), Orthoptera (38.8\%) in summer (December-February), Hemiptera (42.8\%) in autumn (March-May), and Lepidoptera (36.3\%) in winter (June-August). The diet also included a frog and a small fish (n=2 parts).}, keywords = {Arthropoda, Chiroptera, diet, feeding, food, Insecta, Nycteridae, Nycteris thebaica, Pisces, seasonality, South Africa}, author = {Seamark, E. C. J. and Bogdanowicz, W.} } @article {3864, title = {Guillaume Grandidier{\textquoteright}s mammal collections from Madagascar}, journal = {Mammalian Biol.}, volume = {67}, number = {6}, year = {2002}, month = {2002b}, pages = {381-383}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, Hipposideridae, Madagascar, Nycteridae, Nycteris madagascariensis, Pteropodidae, Rousettus madagascariensis, Triaenops auritus}, author = {Helgen, K. M.} } @inbook {4052, title = {Guin{\'e}e}, booktitle = {Encyclopaedia Biospeologica}, volume = {Vol. III}, year = {2002}, month = {2002}, pages = {1473-1479}, publisher = {Soci{\'e}t{\'e} de Biosp{\'e}ologie}, organization = {Soci{\'e}t{\'e} de Biosp{\'e}ologie}, address = {Moulis (C.N.R.S.) \& Bucarest (Acad{\'e}mie Roumaine)}, keywords = {caves, Chiroptera, Guinea, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus maclaudi, West Africa}, author = {Juberthie, C. and Boulvert, Y.}, editor = {Juberthie, C. and Decu, V.} } @article {5485, title = {High mammalian diversity in the newly established National Park of Upper Niger, Republic of Guinea}, journal = {Oryx}, volume = {36}, number = {1}, year = {2002}, note = {See Nikolaus 2000, Brugiere \& Magassouba 2003, Greenbaum \& Carr 2005}, month = {2002}, pages = {73-80}, abstract = {This paper presents the results of a mammal survey conducted between 1995 and 1997 in the newly established National Park of Upper Niger in the Republic of Guinea, West Africa. Ninety-four species of mammals were recorded in the park area and its environs; 19 of these species were newly recorded or confirmed for Guinea. The fauna of the park includes about 50\% of the known mammalian diversity of the country. Among the species found are West African endemics such as the Gambian mongoose Mungos gambianus. The park, although situated in the Guinea savannah belt, includes some remnant forest, which harbours tropical forest mammals such as Thomas{\textquoteright}s galago Galagoides cf. thomasi, hump-nosed mouse Hybomys planifrons, soft-furred rat Praomys rostratus and flying squirrel Anomalurops sp. This National Park is a high priority area for the conservation of the vertebrate diversity of West Africa.}, keywords = {[Neoromicia nana] Pipistrellus nanus, [Neoromicia] Eptesicus capensis, [Neoromicia] Eptesicus guineensis, Chaerephon nigeriae, Chaerephon pumilus, Chiroptera, Epomophorus gambianus, Epomops franqueti [E. buettikoferi], Guinea, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros caffer, Hipposideros commersoni, Hipposideros cyclops, Hipposideros ruber, Micropteropus pusillus, Molossidae, Myonycteris torquata, Nanonycteris veldkampii, Nycteridae, Nycteris hispida, Nycteris thebaica, Pteropodidae, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus alcyone, Scotophilus leucogaster, Vespertilionidae, West Africa}, author = {Ziegler, S. and Nikolaus, G. and Hutterer, R.} } @article {4150, title = {Horseshoe bats, genus Rhinolophus Lac{\'e}p{\`e}de, 1799 (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae), of Yemen}, journal = {Fauna of Arabia}, volume = {19}, year = {2002}, month = {2002}, pages = {507-515}, abstract = {The taxonomy of the rhinolophid bats of Yemen is investigated to assess their zoogeographic relationships. The widespread Rhinolophus clivosus is represented by the light-coloured Palaearctic R. c. clivosus (first record for Yemen) from one locality in Hadramaut and the dark-coloured Afrotropical R. c. acrotis from several other sites in Yemen. To better understand this bat species, which is the only one in Yemen represented by two subspecies, its taxonomic history is reviewed. Except for one population in north-western Ethiopia and north-western Somalia, all R. clivosus of Arabia and north-eastern Africa have lost the small anterior tipper premolar. The status of the related Afrotropical taxa R. keniensis and R. hillorum are recommended for further investigation. Rhinolophus blasii is examined for the first time since its discovery in Yemen. In the majority of its characters it agrees more closely with the nominate Subspecies of the Mediterranean region of the Palaearctic, R. b. blasii, than with geographically neighbouring Afrotropical populations of R. b. andreinii. This species represents one of two purely Palaearctic bat species, all other species recorded from Yemen show an Afrotropical or, more or less, Saharo-Sindian distribution.}, keywords = {Africa, Arabia, Chiroptera, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus blasii, Rhinolophus clivosus acrotis, Rhinolophus clivosus clivosus, systematics, taxonomy}, author = {Kock, D. and Al-Jumaily, M. M. and Nasher, A. K.} } @article {3562, title = {Chaerephon chapini}, journal = {Mammalian Species}, number = {692}, year = {2002}, month = {2002}, pages = {1-2}, keywords = {Africa, Chaerephon chapini, Chiroptera, Flederm{\"a}use, Molossidae, review}, author = {Fenton, M. B. and Eger, J. L.} } @article {2802, title = {Chaerephon nigeriae Thomas, 1913, an addition to the bat fauna of the Republic of Yemen (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Molossidae)}, journal = {Myotis}, volume = {40}, year = {2002}, month = {2002}, pages = {55-58}, abstract = {The molossid bat Chaerephon nigeriae Thomas, 1913 is recorded for the first time from Hajjah Governorate, the Republic of Yemen. Measurements, zoogeographical notes, and a map of its total range are given.}, keywords = {Arabia, Chaerephon nigeriae, Chiroptera, distribution maps, Molossidae, Yemen}, author = {Al-Jumaily, M. M.} } @article {5454, title = {Chaerephon nigeriae}, journal = {Mammalian Species}, number = {710}, year = {2002}, month = {2002}, pages = {1-3}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, Molossidae, review}, author = {Willis, C. K. R. and Psyllakis, J. M. and Sleep, D. J. H.} } @article {3108, title = {Identifying appropriate flagship species: The importance of culture and local contexts}, journal = {Oryx}, volume = {36}, number = {2}, year = {2002}, month = {2002}, pages = {189-195}, abstract = {Over the last 50 years there has been increasing use of charismatic large mammals and birds as {\textquoteright}flagship species{\textquoteright} to raise funds and promote the ethos of conservation. However, species chosen to appeal to donor and membership groups may not necessarily be considered popular among local communities. A growing recognition of the need to engage local communities in conservation makes them an increasingly important audience for information about conservation. In such situations an awareness of the local perception and value of different species is central to choosing effective flagships. Emphasising this, we propose 10 criteria for the selection of flagship species. We then describe three examples of local flagship species and assess their use against these criteria: the Asian elephant Elephas maximus for the conservation of landscapes in Aceh, Indonesia, the flying fox Pteropus voeltzkowi for forest protection on Pemba Island, Tanzania, and the ceiba or kapok tree Ceiba pentandra for the conservation of forests in Belize.}, keywords = {Asia, Belize, Bombacaceae, Central America, Chiroptera, conservation, East Africa, Elephas maximus, flagship species, local communities, local participation, Mammalia, Pemba, Proboscidea, Pteropodidae, Pteropus voeltzkowi, Tanzania}, author = {Bowen-Jones, E. and Entwistle, A..} } @article {4119, title = {The immature stages of Katacamilla cavernicola Papp, the first described for the Camillidae (Diptera: Schizophora), with comparison to other known Ephydroidea larvae, and notes on biology}, journal = {J. nat. Hist.}, volume = {36}, number = {9}, year = {2002}, month = {2002}, pages = {1105-1128}, abstract = {Katacamilla cavernicola Papp, collected from caves at four localities in northern and central Namibia, is here shown to exhibit both parietal and troglophilic habitat preferences, and the larval stage is trophically guanobious. Katacamilla cavernicola was reared in the laboratory from the guano of the rock pigeon Columba guinea L. (parietal), and of the common slit-faced bat Nycteris thebaica Geoffrey (troglophilic) and larvae and puparia were obtained. The duration of the larval stage of K. cavernicola was found to be 7 days and the pupal stage 6-7 days, eggs remaining dormant within guano, and larval development being apparently triggered by periodic moistening, either by urine, or other liquids. Descriptions of the third instar larva and puparium are presented and are illustrated with line drawings and stereoscan micrographs. These descriptions of the immature stages are the first known for the Camillidae. Larval features are compared to the three closely related families in the Ephydroidea, for which the immature stages are known: Drosophilidae, Curtonotidae and Ephydridae. The larval morphology of Katacamilla is found to be generally close to the putative groundplan for the Ephydroidea. However, the basal sclerite has very large open windows with the ventral arm of the dorsal cornu being very long and needle-like. The thoracic segments are very long and slender and unusually well-separated from one another, and the abdominal segments and the prothoracic Keilin organs are very close together, a trait that is within the Ephydroidea currently only known in the Ephydridae.}, keywords = {Aves, caves, Chiroptera, Mammalia, Namibia, Nycteridae, Nycteris thebaica, Southern Africa}, url = {Kirk-Spriggs et al. 2002.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930110048936}, author = {Kirk-Spriggs, A. H. and Barraclough, D. A. and Meier, R.} } @article {3994, title = {Mormopterus petrophilus}, journal = {Mammalian Species}, number = {703}, year = {2002}, month = {2002}, pages = {1-3}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, Molossidae, review, Sauromys petrophilus}, author = {Jacobs, D. S. and Fenton, M. B.} } @article {4817, title = {Myotis welwitschii}, journal = {Mammalian Species}, number = {701}, year = {2002}, month = {2002}, pages = {1-3}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, Flederm{\"a}use, Myotis welwitschii, review, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Ratcliffe, J. M.} } @article {4492, title = {Isolation and characterization of highly polymorphic microsatellite loci in Schreibers{\textquoteright} long-fingered bat, Miniopterus schreibersii (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)}, journal = {Molecular Ecology Notes}, volume = {2}, number = {2}, year = {2002}, month = {2002}, pages = {139-141}, abstract = {Five polymorphic, dinucleotide microsatellite loci have been identified and characterized in Schreibers{\textquoteright} long-fingered bat, Miniopterus schreibersii (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). These include three uninterrupted (CA)n repeats, ranging in length from (CA)17 to (CA)19, one interrupted repeat (CA)4(CG)2(CA)13, and one uninterrupted (GA)27 repeat. All loci were highly polymorphic, with 17-20 alleles identified per locus. Observed heterozygosity levels (0.66-0.82) are lower than expected due to homozygote excess, probably caused by pooling of populations, resulting in population substructuring. All five polymorphic loci were also successfully amplified in the closely related M. fraterculus. Two pairs of primers additionally amplified polymorphic microsatellites in Chaerophon sp.}, keywords = {Chaerephon ansorgei, Chaerephon pumilus, Chiroptera, microsatellites, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus fraterculus, Miniopterus natalensis, molecular genetics, Molossidae, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus capensis, Rhinolophus clivosus, South Africa}, url = {Miller-Butterworth et al. 2002.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-8286.2002.00170.x}, author = {Miller-Butterworth, C. M. and Jacobs, D. S. and Harley, E. H.} } @book {3034, title = {Les chauves-souris (Mammalia, Chiroptera) de B{\'e}nin: Compte rendu pr{\'e}liminaire}, year = {2002}, month = {2002}, pages = {41}, publisher = {IUCN Netherlands}, organization = {IUCN Netherlands}, address = {Amsterdam}, keywords = {Benin, Chiroptera, distribution, identification key, West Africa}, author = {Bergmans, W.} } @article {3211, title = {Megachiropteran evolution studied with 12S rDNA and c-mos DNA sequences}, journal = {Journal of Mammalian Evolution}, volume = {9}, number = {1-2}, year = {2002}, month = {2002}, pages = {3-22}, abstract = {Recent studies of mitochondrial DNA sequences have indicated the requirement for substantial revisions of the morphological understanding of the phylogeny of Megachiroptera (Pteropodidae). There is disagreement between studies as to what these revisions might be. This investigation was undertaken to expand the number of studied species and to add the first data from a nuclear gene sequence. For 12S ribosomal DNA (aligned length of 405 positions), 75 Megachiroptera (50 species in 20 genera) and two outgroup species were sequenced. For the oncogene c-mos (aligned length of 488 bases), 56 Megachiroptera (42 species in 19 genera) were sequenced and three eutherians from GenBank used as outgroups. The root of the megachiropteran phylogeny cannot be determined with the present data. Nyctimene, the only studied insectivorous genus (Paranyctimene not being included), plus Notopteris, the only long-tailed megachiropteran, form the sister clade to the other genera in combined analyses. Several alternative rootings are not rejected by the data, suggesting a rapid early radiation. Generic distributions indicate that this may have occurred in Melanesia. The results confirm that the subfamily Macroglossinae is not monophyletic with the long tongued phenoptype arising at least twice and support the existence of a major clade including a monophyletic endemic African component and biogeographically neighboring genera such as Rousettus and Eonycteris. The phylogenetic position of one African genus, Eidolon, remains uncertain. A cynopterine section (excluding Nyctimene and Myonycteris) is supported, albeit weakly, as a monophyletic group. Pteropus and the related, possibly polyphyletic genus Pteralopex, are unexpectedly basal compared to previous molecular studies.}, keywords = {Africa, Asia, Chiroptera, convergence, Eidolon, Epomops, evolution, Megaloglossus, molecular genetics, Myonycteris, phylogeny, Pteropodidae, Rousettus}, author = {Colgan, D. J. and da Costa, P.} } @article {3234, title = {A new species of horseshoe bat (Microchiroptera: Rhinolophidae) from south-central Africa: With comments on its affinities and evolution, and the characterization of rhinolophid species}, journal = {J. Zool. (Lond.)}, volume = {256}, number = {2}, year = {2002}, month = {2002a}, pages = {165-179}, abstract = {A new species of horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus sakejiensis, is described from south-central Africa, near the source of the Zambezi River in north-west Zambia. A distinct combination of noseleaf, cranial and baculum characters are diagnostic of the species. It is a member of the ferrumequinum group, and its evolutionary affinities lie closest to R. clivosus Cretzschmar, 1828 and particularly the West African R. hillorum Koopman, 1989. This discovery of a new species of Rhinolophus in the clivosus complex required reappraisal of these and other related taxa. Known only from high forest in West Africa, hillorum is the closest relative of sakejiensis collected in mesic savanna in south-central Africa. Comparisons of this new species with other large Afrotropical Rhinolophus shows that hillorum is specifically distinct from clivosus, and endorses the specific status of deckeni and silvestris. The contemporary taxonomy of Afrotropical Rhinolophus was incapable of accommodating this new taxon, and the latter part of this paper argues for a more objective characterization of rhinolophids as evolutionary species.}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, Mammalia, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus clivosus, Rhinolophus hillorum, Rhinolophus sakejiensis sp. nov., systematics, taxonomy, Zambia}, author = {Cotterill, F. P. D.} } @article {3235, title = {Notes on the mammal collections and biodiversity conservation in the Ikelenge Pedicle, Mwinilunga District, northwest Zambia}, journal = {Occasional Publications in Biodiversity}, number = {10}, year = {2002}, note = {Bulawayo: Biodiversity Foundation for Africa}, month = {2002b}, pages = {1-18}, keywords = {[Neoromicia nana] Pipistrellus nanus, [Neoromicia] Pipistrellus capensis, Amphibia, Aves, Carnivora, Chiroptera, Epomophorus wahlbergi, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros caffer, Hipposideros ruber, Mammalia, Molossidae, Mops niveiventer, Nycteridae, Nycteris macrotis, Nycteris thebaica, Pholidota, Pipistrellus anchietae, Pteropodidae, Reptilia, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus clivosus, Rhinolophus sakejiensis, Rodentia, Scotophilus dinganii, Soricidae, Soricomorpha, Southern Africa, Vespertilionidae, Zambia}, author = {Cotterill, F. P. D.} } @article {2897, title = {The oldest African molossid bat cranium (Chiroptera: Molossidae)}, journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology}, volume = {22}, number = {2}, year = {2002}, month = {2002}, pages = {380-387}, abstract = {A fossil cranium from Rusinga Island, Kenya, is described as a new species of free-tailed bat, Tadarida rusingae (Chiroptera, Molossidae). The sediments where the skull was found are dated by Potassium-Argon assay at about 17.5-18.0 million years before present (early Miocene). Comparisons with fossil molossids and all the extant species of Tadarida show that T. rusingae is distinguished by its large size, well developed posterior sagittal crest, deeply domed palate, and several features of the upper molars. This skull represents one of the most complete fossil molossid bats known.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, East Africa, fossils, Kenya, Molossidae, palaeontology, Tadarida rusingae sp. nov.}, author = {Arroyo-Cabrales, J. and Gregorin, R. and Schlitter, D. A. and Walker, A.} } @article {5318, title = {Oxygen dissociation curves of whole blood from the Egyptian free-tailed bat, Tadarida aegyptiaca E. Geoffroy, using a thin-layer optical cell}, journal = {African Zoology}, volume = {37}, number = {1}, year = {2002}, month = {2002}, pages = {109-113}, abstract = {Tadarida aegyptiaca (mean body mass 13.5 g) is a fast flying insectivorous bat that hunts in open areas for extended periods, covering extensive distances during its foraging bouts. Whole blood samples taken from the wing arteries were analysed for 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid, oxygen affinity and pH. The mean oxygen affinity of T. aegyptiaca blood with a P50-value 38.3 mm Hg (5.1 kPa) is lower than that of similar-sized bats but not as low as the P50-values of 48.5 mm Hg (6.4 kPa) in two mice species. This indicates that oxygen affinity of the blood in T. aegyptiaca and other bats is designed to facilitate both effective binding of oxygen with haemoglobin at the alveolar/blood capillary interface and oxygen offloading in the tissues. Haematocrits (54-60\%) and levels of 2,3 DPG (2.36-3.30 mM l-1) were higher, and blood pH (7.106-7.229) lower, than those reported for terrestrial species of a similar size, but within the range of values reported for other bats. We conclude that adequate delivery of oxygen to tissues with high metabolic demands during flight is facilitated primarily by an elevated haematocrit and a reduced blood pH in response to elevated levels of metabolic by-products such as 2,3-DPG (from the citrate acid cycle) and CO2 (leading to increased concentrations of H+ ions).}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Molossidae, South Africa}, author = {Van Aardt, W. J. and Bronner, G. N. and de Necker, M.-L.} } @article {3556, title = {Relationships between external morphology and foraging behaviour: Bats in the genus Myotis}, journal = {Can. J. Zool.}, volume = {80}, number = {6}, year = {2002}, month = {2002}, pages = {1004-1013}, abstract = {A morphometric study of 41 species of Myotis revealed significant associations between morphological features and foraging styles, namely aerial feeding, gleaning, feeding over water, and trawling. Aerial feeders have small hind feet, short calcars, short ears, and narrow tragi. Gleaners have small hind feet, long ears, and wide tragi and tend to be larger in body size. Bats that feed over water have large hind feet, short calcars, short ears, and narrow tragi and tend to be smaller in body size. Trawlers have large hind feet and long calcars and tend to be larger in body size. The morphometric analysis also confirmed that some species of Myotis were intermediate in morphological features, coinciding with alternation between foraging styles. The results support the view that the morphological features previously used to assign Myotis species to subgenera are more functional than phylogenetic, a position supported by recent genetic analyses. Examination of foraging styles from a phylogenetic perspective suggests that aerial feeding is ancestral and that subsequent diversification has been associated with partitioning and specialization into either gleaning or foraging over water and trawling. When the predictions from the multivariate analysis of the data for the genus Myotis are used with data from other bats, they suggest that 5 species of Nycteris are gleaners, while 11 species of Eptesicus are either aerial feeders or feed over water.}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, Eptesicus, foraging, functional morphology, morphometrics, Myotis, Neoromicia, Nycteridae, phylogeny, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Fenton, M. B. and Bogdanowicz, W.} } @article {3573, title = {Researching little-known species: The African bat Otomops martiensseni (Chiroptera: Molossidae)}, journal = {Biodiver. Conserv.}, volume = {11}, number = {9}, year = {2002}, month = {2002}, pages = {1583-1606}, abstract = {Listed as {\textquoteright}vulnerable{\textquoteright} by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature, the molossid bat Otomops martiensseni occurs widely in Africa and, according to some authorities, in Madagascar. Apart from a few known cave roosts, there are few records of O. martiensseni, although around Durban, South Africa, the species is common and roosts in buildings. Originally described as three species, populations of O. martiensseni differ significantly in size (length of forearm) between East Africa and Durban or Madagascar, but not between Durban and Madagascar. Seventeen buildings used as roosts by O. martiensseni averaged 34.5{\textpm}15.8 years old. In the Durban area, bats entered roosts by landing and crawling. Roost populations ranged from 7 to 29 individuals, typically consisting of one adult male, several adult females and young (bats with unossified epiphyses), suggesting a harem social structure. The ratio of adult females to young was virtually 1:1, and among young the ratio of males:females averaged 2:1. Radio-tracking showed that individuals used several day and night roosts, and foraged widely in a landscape dominated by sugarcane and urban development. The echolocation and many social calls of O. martiensseni are readily audible to human observers, allowing a non-contact, low technology method for monitoring the local distribution and activity of these bats. Although listed as a species of special concern in KwaZulu Natal, there these bats appear to be candidates for inclusion on a {\textquoteright}blue{\textquoteright} list of species, ones showing stabilized or increased abundance. We recommend that O. martiensseni be recognized as a {\textquoteright}flagship{\textquoteright} species in the Durban area, representing the resilience of nature.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, day roosts, echolocation, foraging, harem, Molossidae, Otomops martiensseni, radio-tracking, sex ratio, social calls, social structure, South Africa, telemetry}, author = {Fenton, M. B. and Taylor, P. J. and Jacobs, D. S. and Richardson, E. J. and Bernard, E. and Bouchard, S. and Debaeremaeker, K. R. and Ter Hofstede, H. M. and Hollis, L. and Lausen, C. L. and Lister, J.S. and Rambaldini, D. A. and Ratcliffe, J. M. and Reddy, E.} } @article {3483, title = {A revision of the Rhinolophus maclaudi species group with the description of a new species from West Africa (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae)}, journal = {Myotis}, volume = {40}, year = {2002}, month = {2002}, pages = {95-126}, abstract = {Rhinolophus ziama n. sp. from the Upper Guinea highlands in Guinea and Liberia is described. This new taxon differs from R. maclaudi in being significantly smaller in size, and from R. ruwenzorii and R. hilli by skull shape and noseleaf morphology. These four related species are allocated to the formally established R. maclaudi group. A published record of R. maclaudi from Nigeria is here re-identified as R. hildebrandtii and represents the first record for West Africa. R. ruwenzorii is reported for the first time from Rwanda. We discuss the biogeography of the species group and propose that its members might represent an ancient radiation now restricted to two disjunct refuges in the Upper Guinea highlands and the mountain range along the Albertine Rift. This pattern strikingly resembles that of Micropotamogale lamottei and M. ruwenzorii (Tenrecidae). The conservation status of the four species is discussed and updated IUCN Red List categories are proposed. It seems likely that these species are seriously threatened both by habitat degradation within their small distribution ranges and direct exploitation in their day roosts.}, keywords = {Africa, Albertine Rift, biogeography, Chiroptera, Congo (Kinshasa), conservation, evolution, Guinea, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros jonesi, IUCN Red List, Liberia, Lissonycteris angolensis smithii, Megaloglossus woermanni, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus cf. schreibersii [villiersi], montane, mountains, Nigeria, Pipistrellus nanulus, Pteropodidae, revision, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus hildebrandtii, Rhinolophus hilli, Rhinolophus maclaudi, Rhinolophus ruwenzorii, Rhinolophus ziama sp. nov., Rousettus aegyptiacus unicolor, Rwanda, Scotonycteris zenkeri, systematics, taxonomy, Uganda, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Fahr, J. and Vierhaus, H. and Hutterer, R. and Kock, D.} } @article {4093, title = {Systematic implications of chromosome GTG-band and bacula morphology for Southern African Eptesicus and Pipistrellus and several other species of Vespertilioninae (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)}, journal = {Acta Chiropterologica}, volume = {4}, number = {1}, year = {2002}, month = {2002}, pages = {55-76}, abstract = {Phylogenetic analyses of bacular and chromosomal GTG-band characters verify the suggestion that Eptesicus hottentotus (A. Smith, 1833) is the only true Eptesicus Rafinesque, 1820 of the six southern African species (capensis, cf. melckorum, rendalli, somalicus and zuluensis) formerly classified as Eptesicus. GTG-banded chromosomes studied in rendalli, zuluensis and capensis confirm the affiliation of all of them to the genus Neoromicia; these species were previously placed in the Pipistrellus Kaup, 1829, subgenus Neoromicia based on bacular morphology. For karyological reasons, the elevation of the subgenus Neoromicia to generic rank is established by the presence of three Robertsonian fusion chromosomes (7/11, 8/9, 10/12) as distinguishing characters. The move of Hypsugo nanus and cf. melckorum to the genus Neoromicia is indicated by chromosomal analysis and bacular morphology, respectively. The close phylogenetic relationship between Pipistrellus cf. kuhlii and P. rusticus is shown by a shared Robertsonian fusion element (11/12).}, keywords = {Africa, baculum, Chiroptera, chromosomes, cytogenetics, Eptesicus hottentotus, Hypsugo anchietae, karyotypes, Laephotis, Madagascar, Myotis tricolor, Neoromicia, Neoromicia capensis, Neoromicia cf. melckorum, Neoromicia nanus, Neoromicia rendalli, Neoromicia somalicus, Neoromicia zuluensis, Os penis, Pipistrellus, Pipistrellus cf. kuhlii, Pipistrellus rusticus, systematics, taxonomy, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Kearney, T. C. and Volleth, M. and Contrafatto, G. and Taylor, P. J.} } @article {2972, title = {Une nouvelle puce du genre Allopsylla Beaucournuet Fain, 1982 (Siphonaptera: Ischnopsyllidae) on R{\'e}publique Centrafricaine, sur un chiropt{\`e}re Molossidae m{\'e}connu}, journal = {Parasite}, volume = {9}, number = {3}, year = {2002}, month = {2002}, pages = {233-237}, abstract = {A pair of Allopsylla lobayensis Beaucournu\& Barri{\`e}re, new species were collected the first of November 1999 in Ngotto forest, in the south-western part of the Lobaye basin, Central African Republic (CAR). The host specimen, a little known molossid bat (Myopterus whitleyi), constitutes the first record of this species in CAR. The new flea species appears taxonomically close to A. hetera Beaucournu\& Fain, 1982, one of the two other Allopsylla species, previously know from other faunal regions (A. alloides in Nigeria and A. hetera in Democratic Republic of the Congo). The parasitism of three distinctly different hosts by the three known Allopsylla species raises questions regarding the host-parasite specificity of this group.}, keywords = {Allopsylla lobayensis sp. nov., Central Africa, Central African Republic, Chiroptera, ectoparasites, Insecta, Ischnopsyllidae, Molossidae, Myopterus whitleyi, parasitism, Siphonaptera}, author = {Barri{\`e}re, P. and Beaucournu, J.-C. and M{\'e}nier, K. and Colyn, M.} } @article {2952, title = {Using inter-SINE-PCR to study mammalian phylogeny}, journal = {Genetika}, volume = {38}, number = {6}, year = {2002}, month = {2002}, pages = {853-864}, abstract = {Results of the use of the fingerprinting method related to short interspersed elements (SINEs), inter-SINE-PCR, in the study of phylogenetic and taxonomic relationship in mammals from orders Chiroptera (family Vespertilionidae) and Lipotyphla (family Erinaceidae) are reported. The inter-SINE-PCR method is based on the amplification of fragments situated between copies of SINEs, which are short retroposons spaced 100 to 1000 bp apart. Specifically selected primers were used, which are complementary to consensus sequences of two short retroposons: the mammalian interspersed repeat (MIR), which is typical of all mammals and some other vertebrates, was used in the cases of bats and Erinaceidae, and the ERI-1 element recently isolated from the genome of the Daurian hedgehog was used in the case of Erinaceidae. The results support the current view on phylogenetic relationship between hedgehogs belonging to genera Erinaceus, Hemiechinus, and Paraechinus (but not the genus Atelerix). In bats, the phylogenetic reconstruction revealed a statistically valid topology only at lower taxonomic levels, whereas the topology for the genus and supragenus ranks was unresolved and fan-shaped. The benefits and limitations of the inter-SINE-PCR method are discussed.}, keywords = {Bale Mountains, Chiroptera, Ethiopia, Mammalia, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus inflatus, Molossidae, Northeast Africa, phylogeny, Plecotus balensis, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus affinis, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Bannikova, A. A. and Matveev, V. A. and Kramerov, D. A.} } @article {4070, title = {Analysis of asymmetries in the African fruit bats Eidolon helvum and Rousettus egyptiacus (Mammalia: Megachiroptera) from the islands of the Gulf of Guinea. I. Variance and size components of bilateral variation}, journal = {J. Evol. Biol.}, volume = {14}, number = {4}, year = {2001}, month = {2001a}, pages = {663-671}, abstract = {A set of cranial characters was examined in the fruit bats Rousettus egyptiacus and Eidolon helvum to compare trends and relative importance of major components of bilateral morphometric variation, and their relationship with character size. Using two-way, sides-by-individuals ANOVA, four components of variation were estimated for each bilateral variable: individual variation (I), directional asymmetry (DA), non-directional asymmetry (NDA) and measurement error (E). Both species exhibit similar major trends of variation in asymmetry across characters, as shown by principal component analysis, using variance components as variables. Degree of interspecific congruence among characters was confirmed by a two-way ANOVA with species and variance components as fixed factors. Congruence of asymmetry patterns between species suggests that the concept of population asymmetry parameter (PAP) could be extended to higher hierarchies. PAPs above the species level may result from common mechanisms or similar developmental constraints acting on species{\textquoteright} buffering capacities and morphological integration processes.}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, Eidolon helvum, Gulf of Guinea, morphology, Pteropodidae, Rousettus aegyptiacus}, author = {Juste B., J. and L{\'o}pez-Gonz{\'a}lez, C. and Strauss, R. E.} } @article {4069, title = {Analysis of asymmetries in the African fruit bats Eidolon helvum and Rousettus egyptiacus (Mammalia: Megachiroptera) from the islands of the Gulf of Guinea. II. Integration and levels of multivariate fluctuating asymmetry across a geographic}, journal = {J. Evol. Biol.}, volume = {14}, number = {4}, year = {2001}, month = {2001b}, pages = {672-680}, abstract = {Using a set of cranial morphometric characters, trends of variation in multivariate fluctuating asymmetry were evaluated and compared in populations of African fruit bats Rousettus egyptiacus and Eidolon helvum from the Gulf of Guinea islands, and the adjacent mainland. Levels of asymmetry were compared across populations and species, and significant differences were found in both comparisons. Differences coincided with species-specific patterns of morphological and genetic differentiation. Concordance of correlation matrices of asymmetry was also compared. Results were significant; concordance is hypothesized to be a by-product of developmental processes that produce the {\textquoteright}fox-like{\textquoteright} morphology shared by these species. Consistency of asymmetry patterns suggests that the developmental pathway producing it is highly canalized. A prediction of the above hypothesis is that a radical change in the {\textquoteright}fox-like{\textquoteright} structural pattern would result in breakage of the asymmetry parameter associated with it.}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, Eidolon helvum, fluctuating asymmetry, Gulf of Guinea, morphology, Pteropodidae, Rousettus aegyptiacus, skull}, author = {Juste B., J. and L{\'o}pez-Gonz{\'a}lez, C. and Strauss, R. E.} } @article {4084, title = {Arboreal tropical forest vertebrates: Current knowledge and research trends}, journal = {Plant Ecology}, volume = {153}, number = {1-2}, year = {2001}, month = {2001}, pages = {109-120}, abstract = {We review the ecology and specialized methods required for studying arboreal mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians, and use faunal checklists from 12 tropical wet forest sites and an analysis of all articles published during the past ten years in 14 major journals to assess current knowledge and general research trends for these groups. The percentage of arboreal vertebrates was remarkably similar at the different sites (76.2{\textpm}3.9\%). Birds were the most arboreal group and amphibians and reptiles the least. The review of journals showed that primates were overwhelmingly the most studied group (336 papers), followed by bats (105), passeriform birds (73) and rodents (55). Judging by their portion of the arboreal vertebrate community and the number of papers surveyed, birds and amphibians and reptiles are vastly understudied compared to mammals, but this is largely due to the great number of primate studies. The number of publications on arboreal vertebrates has remained relatively stable over the last 10 years for all taxa except primates, which have seen a growth in publications. Canopy vertebrates from Brazil had by far the most publications (120), followed by Madagascar (61), Costa Rica (55) and Indonesia (42). We conclude by highlighting the priorities we see for future studies on tropical canopy vertebrates.}, keywords = {Amphibia, arboreal, Aves, canopy, Chiroptera, Mammalia, Primates, rainforests, Reptilia, Rodentia, tropical forests}, author = {Kays, R. W. and Allison, A.} } @article {5399, title = {Aspects of the histology of reproduction in the female Angolan free-tailed bat Mops condylurus (Microchiroptera: Molossidae) in Mpumalanga, South Africa}, journal = {J. Zool. (Lond.)}, volume = {254}, number = {4}, year = {2001}, month = {2001}, pages = {495-504}, abstract = {The reproductive pattern of the female Angolan free-tailed bat Mops condylurus (A. Smith, 1933) was investigated at two localities in Mpumalanga. Female Angolan free-tailed bats displayed a seasonal bimodally polyoestrous reproductive pattern. Parturition in December was followed closely by a postpartum oestrus. Ovarian follicle and endometrium cycles also closely followed the breeding season. The reproductive tract displayed complete dextral dominance with the right ovary and uterus being functionally dominant. Luteal activity was maintained throughout pregnancy and healthy corpora lutea were observed until late in pregnancy. Shedding of the zona pellucida occurred in the oviduct in the region of the ampulla-isthmus junction. The embryo entered the uterus as a morula, where it was transformed into a unilaminar, free-lying blastocyst. A unique feature of the pre-implantation uterus was the formation of a distinct decidua at the implantation site on the mesometrial side. Implantation in the Angolan free-tailed bat was centric and superficial. First attachment of the trophoblast to the endometrium was mesometrial. The formation of a pre-placental pad of trophoblast cells was also initiated on the mesometrial side, while orientation of the embryonic disc was anti-mesometrial. Placental development occurred in the abembryonic hemisphere. Proliferation of the trophoblast over the embryonic hemisphere was slow and a bilaminar arrangement of the trophoblast was not observed in this region until after the primitive streak stage.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, histology, implantation, Molossidae, Mops condylurus, reproduction, seasonal polyoestry, South Africa}, author = {Vivier, L. and van der Merwe, M.} } @book {3010, title = {The Bats of Madagascar: A Field Guide with Description of Echolocation Calls}, year = {2001}, month = {2001}, pages = {96}, publisher = {Viper Press}, organization = {Viper Press}, address = {Glossop, UK}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, distribution, echolocation, Madagascar}, isbn = {0-9526632-8-7}, author = {Bennett, D. and Russ, J. M.} } @article {3874, title = {Biology of Frances{\textquoteright}s sparrowhawk, Accipiter francesiae, on the Comoro Islands}, journal = {Ostrich}, volume = {72}, number = {1-2}, year = {2001}, month = {2001}, pages = {1-9}, keywords = {Accipiter francesiae, Africa, Amphibia, Aves, Chiroptera, Comoros, diet, food, Indian Ocean, Mammalia, predation, reproduction, Reptilia}, url = {Herremans et al. 2001.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/00306520109485276}, author = {Herremans, M. and Louette, M. and Stevens, J.} } @book {3701, title = {The Calling Behavior and Mating System of a Non-Lekking Population of Hypsignathus monstrosus}, year = {2001}, month = {2001b}, pages = {xi+240 pp.}, publisher = {Ph.D. Thesis}, organization = {Ph.D. Thesis}, address = {State University of New York at Stony Brook}, abstract = {A question central to understanding the evolution and maintenance of lek mating systems is why do males cluster in the first place. Two prominent models explaining this behavior are the Hotspot (Bradbury and Gibson 1983) and Hotshot models (Beehler and Foster 1988). The Hotspot model proposes males cluster at locations determined by high female encounter rates resulting from large, overlapping female ranges. The Hotshot model proposes that male clustering is the result of non-reproductively successful males gathering around reproductively successful males in order to increase their encounter rate with females. Evidence supporting either model has been equivocal.I chose to address this question by studying a non-lekking population of a species whose lekking behavior had been well studied. For each of the two models, I made novel predictions as to what types of mating behaviors I should encounter in a non-lekking population. A single key point separating the two models involves the spatial and temporal patterns of the male display sites. The Hotshot model suggests male display sites will be dispersed at the beginning of the mating season and there will be a gradual clustering around several static sites as the mating season. The Hotspot model predicts male display sites will be ephemeral and follow resources important to the females.The hammer-headed bat, Hypsignathus monstrosus, is a well studied lekking species found across much of Equatorial Africa. At Ta{\"{\i} forest, in C{\^o}te d{\textquoteright}Ivoire, this species does not lek. Instead, the male H. monstrosus show a highly dispersed pattern of calling that still utilizes the "court display" behavior seen in other parts of Africa. I tracked the male display patterns of this population, both in time and space, for 24 months over a four year period and found males displayed in close proximity to resources that were important to the females. Two distinct patterns and resources were identified. One pattern involved fruit trees where females were feeding. Such sites where ephemeral in nature and calling activity was constrained to a six hour portion of the night. The second resource was roost sites used by large numbers of individuals. Calling was most consistent at these sites throughout the year, however, calling was limited to the half hour around sunset and the hour preceding dawn. Both of these patterns support the Hotspot prediction of males using resources important to the females as calling hotspots.}, keywords = {behaviour, Chiroptera, C{\^o}te d{\textquoteright}Ivoire, courtship behaviour, diet, ecology, food, foraging, frugivory, Hypsignathus monstrosus, Ivory Coast, lekking, mating systems, Pteropodidae, radio-tracking, Ta{\"{\i} National Park, telemetry, West Africa}, author = {Gordon, T. T.} } @article {5035, title = {Changes in the abundance of cells in the anterior pituitary gland and the possible roles of luteinizing hormone, prolactin and progesterone in the control of delayed implantation in the straw-coloured fruit bat (Eidolon helvum)}, journal = {African Zoology}, volume = {36}, number = {1}, year = {2001}, month = {2001}, pages = {63-70}, abstract = {Eidolon helvum (Megachiroptera) is a large frugivorous bat found in equatorial and tropical Africa. The reproductive cycle is characterized by a three-month period of delayed implantation and the total length of pregnancy may be as much as 10 months. A histochemical study of the gonadotrophs and mammotrophs of the anterior pituitary, in conjunction with assays of LH-like, progesterone-like and prolactin-like immunoreactivity in the plasma suggest that during delayed implantation the gonadotrophs were inactive while the mammotrophs were active and plasma PRL-like immunoreactivity high. We interpret this as indicating that, in the straw-coloured fruit bat, implantation was inhibited by high levels of prolactin and, as such, the endocrine control of delayed implantation may be quite different from that described for other mammals.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, delayed implantation, East Africa, Eidolon helvum, endocrinology, hormones, Kenya, Pteropodidae, reproduction}, author = {Simbauni, J. A. and Bernard, R. T. F.} } @article {4113, title = {Chromosomes of three species of Sudanese bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera)}, journal = {Myotis}, volume = {39}, year = {2001}, month = {2001}, pages = {27-30}, abstract = {Karyotypes of three species of bats, Eidolon helvum, Rhinopoma hardwickei and Scotophilus nigrita from Sudan are described for the first time. All were found to have a diploid chromosome number of 2n=36, but with a different chromosome morphology.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, chromosomes, cytogenetics, Eidolon helvum, karyotypes, Northeast Africa, Pteropodidae, Rhinopoma cystops, Rhinopomatidae, Scotophilus nigrita, Sudan, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Khalid, N. M.} } @book {4163, title = {Contribution {\`a} l{\textquoteright}{\'e}tude Comparative de l{\textquoteright}Efficacit{\'e} de la M{\'e}thode Classique de Capture et Celle de D{\'e}tection Ultrasonique sur l{\textquoteright}Inventaire des Chiropt{\`e}res de la P{\'e}ninsule de Masoala}, year = {2001}, month = {2001}, pages = {v+66 pp., Annexes}, publisher = {DEA-thesis}, organization = {DEA-thesis}, address = {Universit{\'e} d{\textquoteright}Antananarivo}, abstract = {Peu d{\textquoteright}informations {\'e}taient disponibles sur les chiropt{\`e}res de Madagascar. Actuellement, ces animaux sont devenus un centre d{\textquoteright}int{\'e}r{\^e}t de diff{\'e}rentes recherches continuelles depuis ces quatre derni{\`e}res ann{\'e}es. Au mois de f{\'e}vrier, et mars 1999, un inventaire syst{\'e}matique de chiropt{\`e}res a {\'e}t{\'e} men{\'e} dans deux localit{\'e}s sur la partie occidentale de la P{\'e}ninsule de Masoala. Deux principales techniques ont {\'e}t{\'e} utilis{\'e}es pour inventorier le peuplement Chiropterologique {\`a} savoir la m{\'e}thode de capture et celle de d{\'e}tections ultrasoniques. Cette {\'e}tude a {\'e}t{\'e} ax{\'e}e sur la d{\'e}termination de la composition et la structure de la faune Chiropterologique dans le but de compl{\'e}ter la connaissance sur ce taxon en comparant l{\textquoteright}efficacit{\'e} des deux m{\'e}thodes utilis{\'e}es sur l{\textquoteright}estimation de la communaut{\'e} de ces animaux. 18874 m{\`e}tres de filet-heure et 2000 m{\`e}tres de pi{\`e}ge harpe-heure on {\'e}t{\'e} entrepris, 126 individus group{\'e}s en onze esp{\`e}ces (Pteropus rufus, Rousettus madagascariensis, Emballonura atrata, Hipposideros commersoni, Myotis goudoti, Scotophilus robustus, Miniopterus gleni, Miniopterus manavi, Tadarida leucostigma, Myotis sp, et Myzopoda aurita) ont {\'e}t{\'e} recens{\'e}es et identifi{\'e}es. Ces r{\'e}sultats sont caract{\'e}ris{\'e}s par la pr{\'e}sence de l{\textquoteright}esp{\`e}ce la plus commune de Megachiropt{\`e}res (Rousettus madagascariensis). Les chauves-souris Microchiropt{\`e}res sont difficiles {\`a} capturer puisque leur syst{\`e}me d{\textquoteright}{\'e}cholocation est si d{\'e}velopp{\'e} qu{\textquoteright}elles d{\'e}tectent facilement les filets et les {\'e}vitent. De plus, le travail a montr{\'e} qu{\textquoteright}on peut utiliser des d{\'e}tecteurs ultrasoniques pour des {\'e}tudes de peuplement de chauve-souris de Madagascar. A l{\textquoteright}aide de cette technique moderne nous avons pu identifier et caract{\'e}riser 8 esp{\`e}ces diff{\'e}rentes (Emballonura atrata, Miniopterus manavi, Hipposideros commersoni, Myotis goudoti, Scotophilus robustus, Rousettus madagascariensis, Tadarida leucostigma et Myzopoda aurita) avec leur {\'e}cholocations d{\'e}tect{\'e}es et enregistr{\'e}es, y compris le Myzopoda aurita, une esp{\`e}ce de chauve-souris tr{\`e}s rare qui est class{\'e}e menac{\'e}e par IUCN. Ce travail repr{\'e}sente aussi la premi{\`e}re {\'e}tude sur les ultrasons de chauve-souris malgaches. Cette {\'e}tude a permis de comprendre que la combinaison de ces deux m{\'e}thodes montrent des avantages {\'e}normes sur l{\textquoteright}estimation d{\textquoteright}une richesse sp{\'e}cifique par rapport aux travaux pr{\'e}c{\'e}dents qui ont {\'e}t{\'e} faits seulement par la m{\'e}thode traditionnelle de capture. Il y a des esp{\`e}ces qui sont identifi{\'e}es uniquement par leurs {\'e}cholocations du fait de la difficult{\'e} de leur capture.}, keywords = {acoustic monitoring, Africa, bat detectors, Chiroptera, Emballonura atrata, Emballonuridae, harp traps, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros commersonii, inventory, Madagascar, methods, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus gleni, Miniopterus manavi, mist nets, Molossidae, Mops leucostigma, Myotis goudoti, Myzopoda aurita, Myzopodidae, Pteropodidae, Pteropus rufus, Rousettus madagascariensis, sampling, Scotophilus robustus, survey, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Kofoky, A. F.} } @book {4814, title = {Contribution {\`a} l{\textquoteright}{\'e}tude de la Biologie et de l{\textquoteright}Effet de la Pr{\'e}dation Humaine sur la Roussette: Eidolon dupreanum (Pollen, 1866)}, year = {2001}, month = {2001}, pages = {vi+96 pp., Annexes}, publisher = {DEA-thesis}, organization = {DEA-thesis}, address = {Universit{\'e} d{\textquoteright}Antananarivo}, abstract = {La chauve-souris frugivore Eidolon dupreanum est l{\textquoteright}une des esp{\`e}ces de Megachiroptera end{\'e}miques de Madagascar. Elle vit dans les anfractuosit{\'e}s des falaises et se rencontre partout {\`a} Madagascar. Cette esp{\`e}ce est chass{\'e}e sur les Hauts Plateaux. Sa viande est tr{\`e}s appr{\'e}ci{\'e}e et sa mati{\`e}re grasse servirait de rem{\`e}de contre la toux et l{\textquoteright}asthme. Etant donn{\'e} son r{\'e}gime frugivore, elle d{\'e}pend {\'e}troitement de la for{\^e}t et des arbres fruitiers. Nos {\'e}tudes ont {\'e}t{\'e} men{\'e}es principalement sur les Hauts-Plateaux malgaches et dans la r{\'e}gion Mahafaly. Les populations d{\textquoteright}Eidolon dupreanum des Hauts-Plateaux sont menac{\'e}es du fait de la d{\'e}gradation de leur habitat et des pr{\'e}dations qui p{\`e}sent sur elles. Ces populations ont un effectif moyen de 110 individus par g{\^{\i}te. Les simulations faites sur le logiciel VORTEX donnent une probabilit{\'e} d{\textquoteright}extinction de 0.17 pendant les 20 premi{\`e}res ann{\'e}es. Cette esp{\`e}ce est class{\'e}e dans la cat{\'e}gorie des animaux vuln{\'e}rables selon les crit{\`e}res de l{\textquoteright}IUCN. Contrairement {\`a} ce qui se passe sur les Hauts-Plateaux, les {\guillemotleft}Fanihy{\guillemotright} ou {\guillemotleft}Angavo{\guillemotright} sont Fady pour les Mahafaly. Ces deux populations pr{\'e}sentent de l{\'e}g{\`e}res diff{\'e}rences morphologiques, les individus de Tritriva dans la r{\'e}gion d{\textquoteright}Antsirabe ont des oreilles beaucoup plus longues et sont plus lourds. Elles diff{\'e}rent aussi par le nombre d{\textquoteright}adultes ayant acc{\`e}s {\`a} la reproduction. A Tritriva presque toutes les femelles adultes donnent un petit, alors qu{\textquoteright}{\`a} Sarirova dans la r{\'e}gion Mahafaly seulement 64\% des adultes femelles donnent un petit {\`a} partir du mois de septembre. En g{\'e}n{\'e}ral, les accouplements et la f{\'e}condation ont lieu au mois de d{\'e}cembre et l{\textquoteright}implantation du blastocyste vers le mois d{\textquoteright}avril- mai (Kingdon, Jonathan, 1984). Les jeunes naissent apr{\`e}s 4 mois d{\textquoteright}incubation et sont sevr{\'e}s 3 mois apr{\`e}s leur naissance. Cette {\'e}tude montre la n{\'e}cessit{\'e} d{\textquoteright}entreprendre des programmes d{\textquoteright}{\'e}ducation environnementale pour mieux pr{\'e}server ces animaux qui ont un r{\^o}le consid{\'e}rable dans la pollinisation et la dispersion des graines de nombreuses plantes.}, keywords = {Africa, bushmeat, Chiroptera, colony size, conservation, day roosts, Eidolon dupreanum, extinction risk, hunting, Madagascar, Pteropodidae, reproduction, traditional medicine}, author = {Ranivo, J. C.} } @article {5472, title = {The distribution and relative abundance of megachiropteran bats in southern Ghana}, journal = {Journal of the Ghana Science Association}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, year = {2001}, month = {2001}, pages = {99-105}, abstract = {During a two-year period, a survey of megachiropteran (fruit) bats was undertaken in 21 forest reserves and two wildlife protected areas in Southern Ghana. The main objective of the study was to map out their distribution and abundance in Southern Ghana to serve as the basis for further studies in the rest of the country. Eleven of Ghana{\textquoteright}s 13 known species of fruit bats were caught in the study areas. The species with the most widespread distribution was Epomops franqueti, which was caught in all the seven regions of Southern Ghana. Four species, namely, Eidolon helvum, Hypsignathus monstrosus, Lissonycteris angolensis and Rousettus aegytiacus were either poorly represented in the samples or had very limited distribution. The Western Region had the highest concentration of fruit bat species (9 species) followed by the Eastern and Central Regions (7 species each). The Mount Afadjato, Dadieso and Ajenjua Forest Reserves were the richest forest reserves in Ghana in terms of fruit bat species, each recording 7 species. The Ajenjua Forest Reserve had the highest density of bats, registering 179.16 bats per mist net night followed by the Supuma Forest Reserve with 75.8lmnn. It has been suggested that there is the need for certain forest reserves in the country to be upgraded to wildlife protected area status to guarantee the protection of their diverse bat species and other fauna of conservation importance.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, distribution, Eidolon helvum, Epomophorus gambianus, Epomops franqueti, Ghana, Hypsignathus monstrosus, Lissonycteris angolensis, Megaloglossus woermanni, Micropteropus pusillus, Myonycteris torquata, Nanonycteris veldkampii, Pteropodidae, Rousettus aegyptiacus, Scotonycteris ophiodon, West Africa}, url = {Yeboah 2001.pdf http://ajol.info/index.php/jgsa/article/view/17911}, author = {Yeboah, S.} } @book {4466, title = {Effects of Exposure to Continuous Low Doses of Ionising Radiation}, year = {2001}, month = {2001}, pages = {127}, publisher = {Ph.D. Thesis}, organization = {Ph.D. Thesis}, address = {Cape Technikon, Cape Town}, abstract = {Ionising radiation has the ability to induce, inter alia, DNA damage and is well established as a causative agent of carcinogenesis and mutagenesis. The effects of high doses of short duration have been well documented, whereas the effects of continuous exposure to low doses of ionising radiation have not, nor are they as clearly understood and current risk estimates are largely extrapolated from high-dose data of atomic bomb survivors. This study evaluated the clastogenic effects of low dose ionising radiation on a population of bats (Chiroptera) residing in an abandoned monazite mine. Bats were sampled from two areas in the mine, with external radiation levels measuring around 20 {\textmu}Sv/h (low dose) and 100 {\textmu}Sv/h (high dose). A control group of bats was collected from a cave with no detectable radiation above normal background levels.The most frequently encountered genetic event in human malignancy is the alteration of the p53 gene. Mutant p53 proteins have a longer half-life than the wild-type variant and accumulate to high levels in the nucleus of tumour cells. The study showed that not only was there a significant increase in p53 positive cells of radiation exposed bats, but also in the degree of positivity, especially in the cells lining the bronchioles of the lungs.Although experimental studies have shown that exposure to radiation may lead to the onset of fibrosis and an inflammatory response in the lung and other tissues, the magnitude of the dose exposure was not comparable to this study and histological examination of bat lung and liver tissues showed no morphological changes in radiation exposed bats when compared to the control group.It has been documented that chronic radiation exposures may give rise to a number of specific haematological defects which are collectively termed "preleukemia" or myelodysplastic syndrome. Full blood counts on bat samples showed a significant decrease in the MCV indicating microcytic erythrocytes from the radiation exposed bats. Differential counts performed on the peripheral blood of the bats showed a marked neutropenia. Neutrophils also showed marked dysplasia including psuedo-Pelger Huet cells in radiation-exposed bats. Cytochemical analysis using DAB myeloperoxidase showed that control bats had hypogranular neutrophils and radiation-exposed bats had largely agranular neutrophils. Bone marrow biopsies were taken from both control and radiation-exposed bats and evaluated for cellularity, granulocyte: lymphocyte: erythrocyte (GLE) ratio and megakaryocyte morphology. A hypocellular bone marrow, a decreased granulocytic haematopoeisis and dysplastic megakaryocyte morphology were observed in radiation-exposed bats. Mineralisation of bone osteoid was determined using image analysis and showed a highly significant decrease in the bone matrix from radiation-exposed bats. All haematological features observed are congruent with current literature describing secondary (radiation-induced) myelodysplastic syndrome. As there is considerable debate as to what dose radiation exposure is harmful, the results of these findings may prove significant in establishing haematopoeitic effects of continuous low dose exposure to ionising radiation.The micronucleus assay was used to evaluate residual radiation damage in binucleated lymphocytes and showed that the micronucleus frequency was higher in the test group than the control group. This study showed that bats exposed to radiation also presented with an increased number of micronuclei in reticulocytes compared to the control group. The Single Cell Gel (Comet) assay further showed increased DNA damage as indicated by the length of the comet tails. The results of the micronucleus and the comet assays showed not only a statistically significant difference between test and control groups, but indicated a dose dependent increase in DNA damage. These findings were supported by the presence of chromosomal aberrations in metaphases of radiation exposed bats. These assays may thus be useful in evaluating the potential clastogenecity of exposure to continuous low doses of ionising radiation.Although one has to be cautious about extrapolating data from bats to humans, the results of this study clearly indicate the potential risk of continuous exposure to low doses of ionising radiation. As a monazite mine at Steenkampskraal, South Africa, is likely to reopen in the near future, it will be essential to make use of a biodosimetry service to monitor radiation exposed individuals on a regular basis for early signs of DNA damage thereby ensuring the right of all employees to a safe working environment The biodosimetry service can be extended to incorporate exposure to any potential mutagen such as in the paint, pesticide and plastics industries.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, day roosts, haematology, histology, mines, molecular genetics, radiation, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus capensis, South Africa}, url = {http://digitalknowledge.cput.ac.za:8081/jspui/handle/123456789/30}, author = {Meehan, K. A.} } @article {3427, title = {Emendation of Glauconycteris curryae}, journal = {Acta Chiropterologica}, volume = {3}, number = {2}, year = {2001}, month = {2001}, pages = {248}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, Glauconycteris curryae, nomenclature, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Eger, J. L.} } @article {4589, title = {Epiphytes and their contribution to canopy diversity}, journal = {Plant Ecology}, volume = {153}, number = {1}, year = {2001}, month = {2001}, pages = {51-63}, abstract = {About ten percent of all vascular plant species world-wide are epiphytes and they are almost exclusively found in tropical forests. Therefore, they constitute a large part of the global plant biodiversity (10\% of all species), and in tropical countries represent up to 25\% of all vascular plant species. Focusing on the differences between epiphytes in the strict sense or {\textquoteright}holo-epiphytes{\textquoteright} (non-parasitic plants that use other plants {\textendash} usually trees {\textendash} as growing sites all through their life-cycle) and {\textquoteright}hemi-epiphytes{\textquoteright} ({\textquoteright}half{\textquoteright} epiphytes which only spend part of their life as epiphytes until their aerial roots become connected to the ground), horizontal and vertical distribution patterns of both in relation to some of their ecological requirements are compared. Vertical ecological gradients (i.e., insolation and humidity differences from the forest floor to the canopy surface) are relevant for the composition of the holo- epiphytic vegetation. For hemi-epiphytes, however, ecological differences between distinct forest habitats (i.e., horizontal gradients) are relevant, but not primarily the canopy structure, as the individual host tree structure is more important. The scale-dependence of epiphyte diversity assessment (relatively small study areas for holo-epiphytes, large study areas for hemi-epiphytes) is mainly due to the striking differences in plant sizes and related mechanical and physiological requirements.}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, C{\^o}te d{\textquoteright}Ivoire, epiphytes, Fench Guyana, Ficus, Gabon, Hypsignathus monstrosus, Makokou, Pteropodidae, rainforests, South America, Ta{\"{\i} National Park, vascular plants}, url = {Nieder et al. 2001.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1017517119305}, author = {Nieder, J. and Prosper{\'{\i}, J. and Michaloud, G.} } @book {4818, title = {Etude du R{\'e}gime Alimentaire d{\textquoteright}un Megachiropt{\`e}re: Eidolon dupreanum (Pollen, 1866) dans les Hautes-Terres Centrales Malgaches et son R{\^o}le Potentiel sur la Dispersion des Graines des Plantes dans l{\textquoteright}{\'e}cosyst{\`e}me Modifi{\'e} par l{\textquoteright}Homme}, year = {2001}, month = {2001}, pages = {xi+69 pp., Annexes i-ix}, publisher = {DEA-thesis}, organization = {DEA-thesis}, address = {Universit{\'e} d{\textquoteright}Antananarivo}, abstract = {Connue par sa remarquable biodiversit{\'e}, Madagascar poss{\`e}de certaines esp{\`e}ces {\`a} aspects biologiques et {\'e}cologiques mal connus telles que les chauves-souris. D{\textquoteright}apr{\`e}s de nombreuses recherches, les chauves-souris, surtout les M{\'e}gachiropt{\`e}res, jouent deux r{\^o}les importants dans la r{\'e}g{\'e}n{\'e}ration foresti{\`e}re: par les ph{\'e}nom{\`e}nes de la pollinisation des fleurs et de la dispersion des graine. Ce qui nous a incit{\'e} {\`a} mener, entre juillet 1999 et f{\'e}vrier 2000, une {\'e}tude bas{\'e}e sur le r{\'e}gime alimentaire de Eidolon dupreanum (Pollen, 1866) dans les falaises rocheuses des quatre sites (Ambatovaky, Marovato, Atongona et Tritriva) situ{\'e}es dans les Hautes-Terres Centrales malgaches. Bas{\'e}e sur l{\textquoteright}analyse des mati{\`e}res f{\'e}cales, les observations ont permis d{\textquoteright}identifier 36 plants dont 13 fruits et 23 fleurs. Eidolon dupreanum consomme des fruits succulents, elle a une affinit{\'e} tr{\`e}s accentu{\'e}e pour les pollen de Eucalyptus et les fruits de figuiers. Malgr{\'e} l{\textquoteright}end{\'e}micit{\'e} de Eidolon dupreanum, elle consomme des esp{\`e}ces de plantes introduites et des plantes end{\'e}miques. Par ailleurs, les plantes consomm{\'e}es par l{\textquoteright}animal ne sont pas les m{\^e}mes dans chaque site et {\`a} chaque p{\'e}riode de l{\textquoteright}ann{\'e}e. Plusieurs graines sont tomb{\'e}es au-dessous de leur g{\^{\i}te apr{\`e}s r{\'e}jection et d{\'e}f{\'e}cation mais le passage des graines au niveau du tube digestif ne diminue pas leur pouvoir germinatif d{\textquoteright}apr{\`e}s l{\textquoteright}exp{\'e}rience de germination. La connaissance du r{\'e}gime alimentaire de Eidolon dupreanum dans son habitat naturel nous a permis: - d{\textquoteright}{\'e}tablir une liste des esp{\`e}ces v{\'e}g{\'e}tales consomm{\'e}es par l{\textquoteright}animal dans les Hautes-Terres Centrales Malgaches, - d{\textquoteright}{\'e}valuer la pr{\'e}f{\'e}rence de l{\textquoteright}esp{\`e}ce sur les diff{\'e}rentes plantes consomm{\'e}es, - de faire conna{\^{\i}tre {\`a} la population locale les r{\^o}les de l{\textquoteright}esp{\`e}ce dans la r{\'e}g{\'e}n{\'e}ration foresti{\`e}re (pollinisation et dispersion). Cette sorte de sensibilisation s{\textquoteright}av{\`e}re tr{\`e}s indispensable et primordiale afin de maintenir une population de Eidolon dupreanum viable dans cette r{\'e}gion.}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, diet, Eidolon dupreanum, food, frugivory, germination rates, Madagascar, pollination, Pteropodidae, seed dispersal}, author = {Ratrimomanarivo, F. H.} } @article {2932, title = {Evidence of two lyssavirus phylogroups with distinct pathogenicity and immunogenicity}, journal = {J. Virol.}, volume = {75}, number = {7}, year = {2001}, month = {2001}, pages = {3268-3276}, abstract = {The genetic diversity of representative members of the Lyssavirus genus (rabies and rabies-related viruses) was evaluated using the gene encoding the transmembrane glycoprotein involved in the virus-host interaction, immunogenicity, and pathogenicity. Phylogenetic analysis distinguished seven genotypes, which could be divided into two major phylogroups having the highest bootstrap values. Phylogroup I comprises the worldwide genotype 1 (classic Rabies virus), the European bat lyssavirus (EBL) genotypes 5 (EBL1) and 6 (EBL2), the African genotype 4 (Duvenhage virus), and the Australian bat lyssavirus genotype 7. Phylogroup II comprises the divergent African genotypes 2 (Lagos bat virus) and 3 (Mokola virus). We studied immunogenic and pathogenic properties to investigate the biological significance of this phylogenetic grouping. Viruses from phylogroup I (Rabies virus and EBL1) were found to be pathogenic for mice when injected by the intracerebral or the intramuscular route, whereas viruses from phylogroup II (Mokola and Lagos bat viruses) were only pathogenic by the intracerebral route. We showed that the glycoprotein R333 residue essential for virulence was naturally replaced by a D333 in the phylogroup II viruses, likely resulting in their attenuated pathogenicity. Moreover, cross-neutralization distinguished the same phylogroups. Within each phylogroup, the amino acid sequence of the glycoprotein ectodomain was at least 74\% identical, and antiglycoprotein virus-neutralizing antibodies displayed cross-neutralization. Between phylogroups, the identity was less than 64.5\% and the cross-neutralization was absent, explaining why the classical rabies vaccines (phylogroup I) cannot protect against lyssaviruses from phylogroup II. Our tree-axial analysis divided lyssaviruses into two phylogroups that more closely reflect their biological characteristics than previous serotypes and genotypes.}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, infectious diseases, Mammalia, phylogeny, rabies}, url = {Badrane et al. 2001.pdf http://jvi.asm.org/cgi/content/abstract/75/7/3268}, author = {Badrane, H. and Bahloul, C. and Perrin, P. and Tordo, N.} } @article {4392, title = {The extirpation of large mammals and implications for montane forest conservation: The case of the Kilum-Ijim Forest, North-west Province, Cameroon}, journal = {Oryx}, volume = {35}, number = {4}, year = {2001}, month = {2001}, pages = {322-331}, abstract = {A review was carried out of the mammalian fauna of the Kilum-Ijim forest in the mountains of north-west Cameroon. The purpose was to examine the loss of species, particularly of larger mammals, and the implications of this for forest ecology. Information was collected by direct observation, hunter interviews and a literature review. The forest is the largest remaining representative fragment of the West African montane forest habitat. Seventy-seven species of mammal have been recorded in the forest over the last 50 years. Most are small, especially rodents, bats and insectivores. Seven species are endemic to the Kilum-Ijim area. The process of species extirpation probably began over 100 years ago with the loss of the mega-fauna, possibly beginning with elephant Loxodonta africana (several generations ago), and certainly with buffalo Syncerus caffer (at least 20 years ago), and other large mammals. Remaining large mammal population densities are very low and many species are close to regional extinction. The long-term consequences of these extinctions is uncertain but, as many tree species are monkey- or ruminant-dispersed, severe ecosystem damage has probably already occurred. Human population density in the area is around 300 people per sq km, and no sustainable offtake of wild animals will ever be possible that would provide more than a few grams of meat per person per year from the forest. The protein requirements of the communities of the area will have to continue to be supplied from domesticated stock. Since 1987 the Kilum-Ijim Forest Project of BirdLife International has been working to conserve the remaining forest, using a community forestry approach in collaboration with traditional and local authorities and the government of Cameroon. The project is investigating ways to improve the production of domestic animals outside the forest boundary.}, keywords = {bushmeat, Cameroon, Central Africa, conservation, hunting, Mammalia, threat}, author = {Maisels, F. and Keming, E. and Kemei, M. and Toh, C.} } @article {3230, title = {The first specimen of Thomas{\textquoteright}s flatheaded bat, Mimetillus moloneyi thomasi (Microchiroptera: Mammalia) in southern Africa from Mozambique}, journal = {Arnoldia Zimbabwe}, volume = {10}, number = {19}, year = {2001}, month = {2001c}, pages = {211-218}, abstract = {This paper reports the unprecedented occurrence of the unusual vespertilionid bat, Mimetillus moloneyi thomasi, in southern Africa. This discovery is vouched for by a single specimen (previously misidentified as Scotoecus albofuscus) from Zinave National Park in southern Mozambique. This specimen greatly extends the range from northern Zambia and southeast Tanzania, and is a significant record for southern Africa, let alone Mozambique. In addition, a significant range extension of Mimetillus into eastern Zambia is reported for the Luangwa valley. The morphology of these new specimens is compared against available material, and the taxonomy of Mimetillus is discussed.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Mimetillus moloneyi berneri, Mimetillus moloneyi moloneyi, Mimetillus moloneyi thomasi, Mozambique, Southern Africa, systematics, taxonomy, Vespertilionidae, Zambia}, author = {Cotterill, F. P. D.} } @article {3824, title = {Five new species and a new subgenus of fleas (Siphonaptera: Chimaeropsyllidae, Ctenophthalmidae) from Africa}, journal = {Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash.}, volume = {103}, number = {4}, year = {2001}, month = {2001}, pages = {832-848}, abstract = {Five new species of fleas and one new subgenus of fleas are described from Africa. They include Chiastopsylla (Ctenomacropsylla) petroma, n. subgen., n. sp. (Chimaeropsyllidae) from Cape Province, South Africa, Hypsophthalmus baxteri, n. sp. (Chimaeropsyllidae) from Natal, South Africa, Ctenophthalmus (Ethioctenophthalmus) hottentotus, n. sp. (Ctenophthalmidae) from Transvaal, South Africa, Ctenophthalmus (Ethioctenophthalmus) nigeriensis, n. sp. (Ctenophthalmidae) from Nigeria, and Ctenophthalmus (Ethioctenophthalmus) truncatus, n. sp. (Ctenophthalmidae) from Transvaal, South Africa and Manicaland, Zimbabwe. A key is provided for the species of Hypsophthalmus.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, ectoparasites, identification key, Insecta, Mammalia, Nigeria, parasitism, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus clivosus, Rodentia, Siphonaptera, Soricidae, Soricomorpha, South Africa, Zimbabwe}, author = {Hastriter, M. W.} } @article {4736, title = {Floral scent and nectar production in Parkia biglobosa Jacq. (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae).}, journal = {Bot. J. Linn. Soc.}, volume = {135}, number = {2}, year = {2001}, month = {2001}, pages = {97-106}, abstract = {Composition and variation in scent chemistry among individuals and populations, and nocturnal variation in scent composition and nectar production were studied in the African bat-pollinated species Parkia biglobosa. Floral scent was sampled using headspace techniques and chemical composition determined by GC-MS. Nectar production and sugar concentration were measured. The floral scent of P. biglobosa contained mainly benzenoids and isoprenoids. The total amount of volatiles produced and the chemical composition varied within and among the populations studied, as did nectar production. A nocturnal variation in the production of individual compounds and in nectar production was also found, but the sugar concentration of the nectar was fairly constant. Most of the floral scent compounds in P. biglobosa are common in the floral scent of plants pollinated by various groups of animals. The temporal scent and nectar production in P. biglobosa showed highest production early during anthesis and then declined following bat visitation. Published descriptions of floral scents in other species of Parkia imply the presence of sulphur compounds, as has been reported in several bat-pollinated species in the Neotropics. However, Parkia biglobosa did not contain any sulphur compounds, which shows that megabats, in this case, do not use sulphur compounds as foraging cues, as has been suggested for microbats in the New World.}, keywords = {chemical ecology, Chiroptera, floral scent, odour, Parkia biglobosa, pollination, Pteropodidae, Senegal, West Africa}, author = {Pettersson, S. and Knudsen, J. T.} } @article {3471, title = {A fresh look at Afrotropical bat assemblages: Combining different sampling techniques and spatial scales}, journal = {Bat Research News}, volume = {42}, number = {3}, year = {2001}, note = {Symposium talk at 12th International Bat Research Conference, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, August 2001}, month = {2001}, pages = {98}, abstract = {Until recently, Afrotropical bat assemblages were considered to show highly impoverished levels of species richness when compared with the Neotropical or Australasian region. This view was held both at the local and regional scale. Contrary to this proposition, I found highly diverse assemblages at two study sites in Ivory Coast, West Africa, using standardized sampling methods including harp traps, mist nets on ground and canopy level, roost search, and acoustic monitoring. Each method produced heavily biased results, both in species composition and relative abundance. Certain species were recorded with a single technique only, consequently complete inventories can only be obtained by combining several techniques. The advantages and shortcomings of each method are compared. I further conclude that previous studies of Afrotropical bat assemblages are far from completion. They suffer from insufficient and non-standardized methods, leading to the previous assumption of impoverished species richness. In this study, I also show that even within a fairly homogeneous habitat some species were exclusively found in particular situations at the micro-scale. I conclude that sampling methods, habitat specificity, and scale dependency strongly influence the results and conclusions of community studies. Further directions in comparing the results obtained at the local scale with patterns at the regional scale are discussed.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Ivory Coast, West Africa}, author = {Fahr, J.} } @article {3232, title = {Further notes on large Afrotropical free-tailed bats of the genus Tadarida (Molossidae: Mammalia)}, journal = {Arnoldia Zimbabwe}, volume = {10}, number = {18}, year = {2001}, month = {2001b}, pages = {199-210}, abstract = {The distributions and status of Tadarida fulminans, T. lobata and T. ventralis are reviewed in the light of new specimens. Intraspecific and non-geographical variation in the morphology of a population of T. fulminans in northeastern Zimbabwe is described. This species is sexually dimorphic; adult mates are distinguished by their fulvous pelage and fully developed gular gland. Diagnosis of the three species is discussed, and some observations are noted on roosting behaviour of these large molossids. In conclusion, I discuss the opportunities and challenges to improve our knowledge of the ecology and life histories of these large Tadarida.}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, Congo (Kinshasa), Kenya, Molossidae, Rwanda, Tadarida fulminans, Tadarida lobata, Tadarida ventralis, Zimbabwe}, author = {Cotterill, F. P. D.} } @article {4149, title = {On the genus Rhinopoma E. Geoffroy 1818, and a record of Rh. muscatellum Thomas 1903 from Yemen}, journal = {Senckenbergiana biol.}, volume = {81}, number = {1/2}, year = {2001}, month = {2001}, pages = {285-287}, abstract = {A second species of Rhinopomatidae, the small mouse-tailed bat Rhinopoma muscatellum Thomas 1903, is reported from Hadramaut, southern Yemen; its specific characters reliably differentiate it from all other known species. Currently omitted from all taxonomic considerations, Rh. hadithaensis Khajuria 1988 is formally synonymized with Rh. microphyllum (Br{\"u}nnich 1782).}, keywords = {Arabia, Chiroptera, Near East, Rhinopoma microphyllum, Rhinopoma muscatellum, Rhinopomatidae, Yemen}, author = {Kock, D. and Al-Jumaily, M. M. and Nasher, A. K.} } @article {4397, title = {Gut morphology and morphometry in the epauletted Wahlberg{\textquoteright}s fruit bat (Epomophorus wahlbergi, Sundevall, 1846)}, journal = {Acta Biologica Hungarica}, volume = {52}, number = {1}, year = {2001}, month = {2001}, pages = {75-89}, abstract = {The morphological adaptations of the fruit bat small intestine to which the high functional efficiency could be related and the possible landmarks delineating the various parts of the gut were examined. The stomach was the carnivorous type with large rugae spanning the entire luminal aspect down to the pyloric sphincter, which was reflected internally as a prominent fold. Externally, the intestine was a continuous tube uninterrupted by any structures. The cranial fifth of the small gut had long, branching and anastomosing villi, which caudally turned to finger-like discrete structures that became rather short and stumpy and diminished at the beginning of the colon. The colon had longitudinal folds that were macroscopically discernible from the mucosal aspect of the opened intestine and that continued into the rectum. The small gut formed 94\% of the whole intestinal length, the colon and the rectum taking 4 and 2\%, respectively. Ultrastructurally, the enterocyte showed a prominent brush border and the lateral membranes were modified into numerous tortuous interdigitating processes. Adjacent enterocytes were joined by these processes through desmosomes. The processes also participated in pinocytotic fluid uptake from the intercellular spaces with resultant numerous intracellular vacuoles of varied sizes. Solutes absorbed into the cells were probably first passed into the intercellular compartment to create a concentration gradient thus enhancing further absorption into the cell. We conclude that the uniquely elaborate ultrastructure of the enteric epithelium coupled with the vast microvillous surface areas reported elsewhere are partly responsible for the very high absorption rates reported in the fruit bat small intestine.}, keywords = {anatomy, Chiroptera, digestive tract, East Africa, Epomophorus wahlbergi, histology, Pteropodidae, ultrastructure}, url = {Makanya et al. 2001.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/ABiol.52.2001.1.8}, author = {Makanya, A. N. and Self, T. J. and Warui, C. N. and Mwangi, D. K.} } @article {3102, title = {Chaerephon ansorgei}, journal = {Mammalian Species}, number = {660}, year = {2001}, month = {2001}, pages = {1-3}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, Molossidae, review}, author = {Bouchard, S.} } @article {4148, title = {Identity of the African Vespertilio hesperida Temminck 1840 (Mammalia, Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae)}, journal = {Senckenbergiana biol.}, volume = {81}, number = {1/2}, year = {2001}, month = {2001b}, pages = {277-283}, abstract = {The history of Vespertilio hesperida Temminck 1840 from North-eastern Africa is reviewed and its status investigated. V. hesperida was described from two syntypes in the Senckenberg Museum. Later, the same specimens also became the syntypes of Vespertilio pipistrellus var. africana R{\"u}ppell 1842. Based on the original description of V. hesperida, one syntype of V. p. africana is formally designated as lectotype of V. hesperida, and placed in the kuhlii-group of the genus Pipistrellus as P. hesperidus (Temminck 1840). By this action V. hesperida does not threaten the recent nomenclatorial change of Pipistrellus (Hypsugo) nanus (Peters 1852) to P. (H.) africanus (R{\"u}ppell 1842). P. hesperidus differs morphologically and parasitologically from Palaearctic P. kuhlii (Kuhl 1817), and is considered to represent a separate species. It agrees with taxa presently considered to be subspecies of P. kuhlii in the Afrotropical Region, i.e. fuscatus Thomas 1901, and broomi Roberts 1948. From common characters and its occurrence eastern African P. hesperidus antedates P. kuhlii fuscatus and P. k. broomi. The status of other "kuhlii" populations recorded from south of the Sahara needs further investigations.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, ectoparasites, Ethiopia, Europe, Neoromicia nana, Northeast Africa, parasitism, Pipistrellus hesperidus, Pipistrellus kuhlii, systematics, taxonomy, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Kock, D.} } @article {4147, title = {Pipistrellus africanus meesteri, nom. nov. for Pipistrellus nanus australis Roberts, 1913 (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)}, journal = {Acta Chiropterologica}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, year = {2001}, month = {2001a}, pages = {129-130}, keywords = {[Neoromicia nana meesteri] Pipistrellus africanus meesteri nom. nov., Africa, Chiroptera, nomenclature, Pipistrellus nanus australis, synonymy, systematics, taxonomy, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Kock, D.} } @article {4146, title = {Rousettus aegyptiacus (E. Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 1810) and Pipistrellus anchietae (Seabra, 1900), justified emendations of original spellings}, journal = {Acta Chiropterologica}, volume = {3}, number = {2}, year = {2001}, month = {2001c}, pages = {245-248}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, nomenclature, Pipistrellus anchietae, Pteropodidae, Rousettus aegyptiacus, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Kock, D.} } @article {5403, title = {Karyotype comparison and phylogenetic relationships of Pipistrellus-like bats (Vespertilionidae; Chiroptera; Mammalia)}, journal = {Chromosome Research}, volume = {9}, number = {1}, year = {2001}, month = {2001}, pages = {25-46}, abstract = {Detailed karyotype descriptions of 20 Pipistrellus-like bat species belonging to the family Vespertilionidae are presented. For the first time, chromosomal complements of four species, i.e. Pipistrellus stenopterus (2n = 32), P. javanicus (2n = 34), Hypsugo eisentrauti (2n = 42) and H. crassulus (2n = 30) are reported. A Pipistrellus kuhlii-like species from Madagascar represents a separate species distinguished from the European Pipistrellus kuhlii (2n = 44) by a diploid chromosome number of 42. Banded karyotypes are presented for the first time for Scotozous dormeri, Hypsugo capensis, Hesperoptenus blanfordi, Tylonycteris pachypus and robustula. Chromosomal evolution in the family Vespertilionidae is characterized by the conservation of entire chromosomal arms and reductions in diploid chromosome number via Robertsonian fusions. Less frequently, centric fissions, para- and pericentric inversions and centromere shifts were found to have occurred. In several cases a certain type of chromosomal change predominates in a karyotype. Examples of this are the acquisition of interstitial heterochromatic bands in Tylonycteris robustula, and centric shifts in P. javanicus, H. eisentrauti and Hesp. blanfordi. The species examined here belong to three tribes, i.e. Pipistrellini, Vespertilionini and Eptesicini, which are distinguished by chromosomal characteristics. According to our results, the species Pipistrellus (Neoromicia) capensis belongs to the Vespertilionini and not to the Pipistrellini. We therefore propose to elevate the subgenus Neoromicia to generic rank.}, keywords = {[Pipistrellus] Hypsugo crassulus, Chiroptera, chromosomes, Congo (Kinshasa), cytogenetics, Eptesicus bottae, Greece, karyotypes, Madagascar, Neoromicia capensis, Pipistrellus cf. kuhlii, South Africa, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Volleth, M. and Bronner, G. N. and G{\"o}pfert, M. C. and Heller, K.-G. and von Helversen, O. and Yong, H.-S.} } @inbook {3345, title = {The mammals of Adrar des Iforas (Mali), with special emphasis on small mammals: Systematic and biogeographical implications}, booktitle = {African Small Mammals}, year = {2001}, note = {Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on African Small Mammals, Paris, July 1999}, month = {2001}, pages = {445-458}, publisher = {IRD {\'e}ditions}, organization = {IRD {\'e}ditions}, chapter = {570}, address = {Paris}, keywords = {[Nycticeinops] Nycticeius schlieffenii, Asellia tridens, Chiroptera, Hipposideridae, Mali, Mammalia, mountains, Nycteridae, Nycteris thebaica, Rhinopoma hardwickii, Rhinopomatidae, Rodentia, Sahara, Soricomorpha, Vespertilionidae, West Africa}, author = {Dobigny, G. and Cornette, R. and Moulin, S. and Ag Sidiy{\`e}ne, E.}, editor = {Denys, C. and Granjon, L. and Poulet, A.} } @article {5064, title = {Mammoth roost of nonbreeding straw-coloured fruit bat Eidolon helvum (Kerr, 1792) in Zambia}, journal = {Afr. J. Ecol.}, volume = {39}, number = {2}, year = {2001}, month = {2001}, pages = {213-215}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Eidolon helvum, Kasanka National Park, Pteropodidae, roosting, Southern Africa}, author = {S{\o}rensen, U. G. and Halberg, K.} } @book {4793, title = {Morcegos da Guin{\'e}-Bissau}, year = {2001}, month = {2001}, pages = {87}, publisher = {Instituto de Conserva{\c c}{\~a}o da Natureza}, organization = {Instituto de Conserva{\c c}{\~a}o da Natureza}, address = {Lisboa}, keywords = {[Glauconycteris] Chalinolobus beatrix (?), [Glauconycteris] Chalinolobus poensis [first record], [Neoromicia nana] Pipistrellus nanus, [Neoromicia somalica] Eptesicus somalicus, [Neoromicia] Eptesicus capensis, [Neoromicia] Eptesicus guineensis, [Neoromicia] Eptesicus tenuipinnis [first record], Chaerephon pumilus, Chiroptera, Coleura afra, Eidolon helvum, Emballonuridae, Epomophorus gambianus, Epomops buettikoferi [first record], Guinea Bissau, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros abae, Hipposideros beatus (?), Hipposideros caffer, Hipposideros commersoni, Hipposideros cyclops, Hipposideros fuliginosus (?), Hypsignathus monstrosus [first record], Lavia frons, Lissonycteris angolensis, Megadermatidae, Micropteropus pusillus, Molossidae, Mops condylurus, Nycteridae, Nycteris gambiensis, Nycteris hispida, Nycteris macrotis, Pteropodidae, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus alcyone [first record], Rhinolophus denti [first record], Rousettus aegyptiacus [first record], Scotoecus hirundo [first record], Scotophilus dinganii, Scotophilus leucogaster, Scotophilus viridis, Taphozous nudiventris, Taphozous perforatus, Vespertilionidae, West Africa}, author = {Rainho, A. and Franco, C.} } @article {3269, title = {The nasal cavity of Hypsignathus monstrosus: Adaptations for sound production?}, journal = {Bat Research News}, volume = {42}, number = {4}, year = {2001}, month = {2001}, pages = {151}, keywords = {acoustic communication, Africa, behaviour, Chiroptera, Hypsignathus monstrosus, lek mating, Pteropodidae}, author = {Dawson, A. E. and Dumont, E. R} } @article {3231, title = {New distribution records of leaf-nosed bats (Microchiroptera: Hipposideridae) in Zimbabwe}, journal = {Arnoldia Zimbabwe}, volume = {10}, number = {17}, year = {2001}, month = {2001a}, pages = {189-198}, abstract = {This paper reviews the distributions of the four species of leaf-nosed bats (Cloeotis percivali, Hipposideros commersoni, H. caffer and Triaenops persicus) occurring in Zimbabwe. Many of the specimens reported constitute significant range extensions. The second known specimen of T. persicus is reported from Zimbabwe. Although H. caffer is the most widely distributed of the four species, its distribution within Zimbabwe reflects mainly on sampling effort for bats over the past century. The biogeography of H. commersoni is reviewed with respect to the species{\textquoteright} dependence on large caves as breeding roosts, and intraspecific variation in migratory behaviour.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Cloeotis percivali, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros caffer, Hipposideros commersoni [vittatus], Southern Africa, Triaenops persicus [afer], Zimbabwe}, author = {Cotterill, F. P. D.} } @article {3229, title = {New records for two species of fruit bats (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) in southeast Africa, with taxonomic comments}, journal = {Durban Mus. Novit.}, volume = {26}, year = {2001}, month = {2001e}, pages = {53-56}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Eidolon helvum, Lissonycteris angolensis goliath = L. goliath sp. propria, Lissonycteris angolensis petraea = L. petraea sp. propria, Lissonycteris angolensis smithi = L. smithi sp. propria, Mozambique, Pteropodidae, reproduction, resident colony, Southern Africa}, author = {Cotterill, F. P. D.} } @article {3430, title = {A new species of Glauconycteris from West Africa (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)}, journal = {Acta Chiropterologica}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, year = {2001}, month = {2001}, pages = {1-10}, abstract = {A new species of Glauconycteris is described using cranial and external morphology and morphometric data. The new species is found in Cameroon and Democratic Republic of Congo, and is associated with tropical forest. Comparisons are made with the sympatric species, G. beatrix (including G. b. humeralis) and G. alboguttatus, because of general similarities in size and colour. Glauconycteris sp. nov. differs through a combination of small size, lack of external markings and shape of skull.}, keywords = {Cameroon, Central Africa, Chiroptera, Congo (Kinshasa), Glauconycteris curryi sp. nov. [emendated to G. curryae (Eger 2001)], Vespertilionidae}, author = {Eger, J. L. and Schlitter, D. A.} } @article {3233, title = {New specimens of lesser house bats (Vespertilionidae: Scotoecus) from Mozambique and Zambia}, journal = {Arnoldia Zimbabwe}, volume = {10}, number = {20}, year = {2001}, month = {2001d}, pages = {219-224}, abstract = {Discoveries of new specimens of dark-winged Scotoecus from south central Africa expand the range of these vesper bats into western Zambia, and southern Mozambique. These specimens are provisionally identified as S. albigula and S. hindei subject to a more detailed review of the genus. Notable records of these two species, represented by single specimens from Zinave National Park in Mozambique, vouch for significant range extensions and the first records of dark-winged Scotoecus in southern Africa.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Mozambique, Scotoecus albigula, Scotoecus hindei, Southern Africa, Vespertilionidae, Zambia}, author = {Cotterill, F. P. D.} } @article {4364, title = {Notes on a collection of bats (Chiroptera) from Dzanga-Sangha, Central African Republic}, journal = {Mammalia}, volume = {65}, number = {4}, year = {2001}, month = {2001}, pages = {535-540}, keywords = {[Glauconycteris] Chalinolobus beatrix, [Glauconycteris] Chalinolobus cf. egeria, Central Africa, Central African Republic, Chiroptera, distribution, Dzanga-Sangha National Park, Epomops franqueti, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros commersoni, Hipposideros cyclops, Hipposideros ruber, Megaloglossus woermanni, Mimetillus moloneyi, Myonycteris torquata, Nycteridae, Nycteris arge, Nycteris grandis, Nycteris hispida, Nycteris intermedia, Pteropodidae, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus alcyone, species richness, survey, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Lunde, D. P. and Conway, T. M. and Beresford, P.} } @article {2917, title = {The Plio-Pleistocene vegetation and climate of Sterkfontein and Swartkrans, South Africa, based on micromammals}, journal = {Journal of Human Evolution}, volume = {41}, number = {2}, year = {2001}, month = {2001}, pages = {113-132}, abstract = {Micromammalian remains from Oldowan and Acheulean horizons in Sterkfontein Member 5E (M5E-O and M5E-A) and Swartkrans Members 1-3 (SKX1-3) provide information for the period between about 2 and 1 Ma. Another small sample from Sterkfontein Member 4 (M4) refers to a short period around 2{\textperiodcentered}8{\textendash}2{\textperiodcentered}6 Ma and material from Sterkfontein post Member 6 infill (post-M6) relates to the Middle Stone Age occupation around 100 ka.Virtual absence of evidence of digestion on in situ lower molars of the major prey species, Mystromys albicaudatus, indicates that one of the owls Tyto alba, T. capensis or Asio capensis was the responsible predator. Over-emphasis on riverine grassland supports this suggestion, as does faunal resemblance between the Sterkfontein Valley samples and modern prey samples for the three owl species concerned. The location of the roost and the range of prey species point to the barn owl T. alba. There is no indication of differential bias between samples. South African species of eagle owl (Bubo spp.) are ruled out.All samples appear to represent interglacial conditions. The Grassland-Savanna ecotone probably lay nearby, as did the border between Moist and Arid Savanna. Possible modern analogues occur about 200 km west and southwest of the valley more than 250 m lower in altitude. South of Mafikeng all three vegetation types intergrade but the rainfall is higher than that postulated for some of the units in the Sterkfontein Valley. Similar climatic conditions occur near Kuruman and Kimberley where Arid Savanna merges into Grassland. Landscape information indicates a succession from riverine grassland, sometimes withAcacia trees, through hillsides with bush, grass and some trees, to plains with open savanna woodland. The suggested climate for the Sterkfontein Valley varied between {\textpm}310 mm and possibly 550 mm mean annual precipitation, summer aridity index 3.8-4.1 and percentage winter rainfall 23-24. Minimum and maximum monthly temperatures would have been higher than they are today but with the temperature range reduced.}, keywords = {Afrosoricida, Chiroptera, climate, Eptesicus hottentotus, food, fossils, Macroscelidea, Mammalia, Myotis tricolor, palaeontology, predation, prey, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus blasii, Rhinolophus capensis, Rhinolophus clivosus, Rodentia, Soricidae, South Africa, taphonomy, Vegetation, Vespertilionidae}, url = {Avery 2001.pdf http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004724840190483X}, author = {Avery, D. M.} } @article {4315, title = {Prey groups in the pellets of the barn owl Tyto alba (Scopoli) in the Nigerian savanna}, journal = {Afr. J. Ecol.}, volume = {39}, number = {1}, year = {2001}, month = {2001}, pages = {38-44}, abstract = {The diet of the barn owl in the Nigerian savanna was determined by analysis of 739 prey remains, made up largely of small mammalian species. Small mammals accounted for 92.2\% of all remains, with rodents (76.0\%), insectivores (12.3\%) and chiropterans (3.1\%) being the primary prey groups. Unidentified mammals accounted for 0.8\%. Nile rat Arvicanthis niloticus was the favourite prey and accounted for 30.9\% of all prey and 26.5\% of prey biomass. Food habits varied among the four geo-ecological zones of the Nigerian savanna studied in several respects. The diets in Nguru and Baga were more diversified than in the other locations. Birds accounted for 4.7\%, reptiles 1.6\%, amphibians 1.1\% and insects 0.4\%. As a result of the preponderance of rodents and some granivorous birds in the diet of barn owls, the owls are deemed to be playing an important role in the biological control of these potential agricultural pests.}, keywords = {Aves, Chaerephon pumilus, Chiroptera, Mammalia, Molossidae, Nigeria, predation, Rodentia, Soricidae, Strigiformes, Tyto alba, West Africa}, url = {Lekunze et al. 2001.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2028.2001.00274.x/abs}, author = {Lekunze, L. M. and Ezealor, A. U. and Aken{\textquoteright}Ova, T.} } @article {3574, title = {Protecting little-known species: The African bat Otomops martiensseni}, journal = {Bat Research News}, volume = {42}, number = {4}, year = {2001}, month = {2001}, pages = {154-155}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, Molossidae, Otomops martiensseni}, author = {Fenton, M. B. and Taylor, P. J. and Jacobs, D. S. and Richardson, E. J. and Bernard, E. and Bouchard, S. and Hollis, L. and Debaeremaeker, K. R. and Ter Hofstede, H. M. and Lausen, C. L. and Lister, J.S. and Rambaldini, D. A. and Ratcliffe, J. M. and Reddy, E.} } @book {3181, title = {Relations Faune-Flore dans le Parc National de Ta{\"{\i}: Une {\'e}tude bibliographique}, series = {Tropenbos - C{\^o}te d{\textquoteright}Ivoire S{\'e}rie 3}, year = {2001}, month = {2001}, pages = {166}, publisher = {Tropenbos}, organization = {Tropenbos}, address = {Abidjan}, keywords = {animal-plant interactions, Aves, Chiroptera, C{\^o}te d{\textquoteright}Ivoire, Flederm{\"a}use, Ivory Coast, Mammalia, plants, Primates, Pteropodidae, West Africa}, author = {Chatelain, C. and Kadjo, B. and Kon{\'e}, I. and Refisch, J.} } @article {4670, title = {A review of the small mammal fauna of Djibouti and the results of a recent survey}, journal = {Mammalia}, volume = {65}, number = {3}, year = {2001}, month = {2001}, pages = {387-409}, abstract = {During a recent biodiversity survey in Djibouti, nineteen small mammal species were collected, including six bats and three rodents not previously recorded from the country. Records of a further three species, based on specimens from the zoological collections of the Museum National d{\textquoteright}Histoire Naturelle, Paris, are published for the first time. A second record of Lophiomys imhausii is included, based on a photograph. The thirty-nine species of Insectivora, Macroscelidea, Chiroptera, Hyracoidea, and Rodentia now known from the country are listed. Brief descriptions and measurements, where available, of twenty-one species are given together with notes on their distribution, ecological parameters, and conservation status. Previous publications on the mammal fauna of Djibouti are reviewed.}, keywords = {Cardioderma cor, Chiroptera, Coleura afra, Djibouti, Emballonuridae, Epomophorus labiatus, Hipposideridae, Hyracoidea, Mammalia, Megadermatidae, Northeast Africa, Nycteridae, Nycteris thebaica, Pipistrellus kuhlii [hesperidus], Pteropodidae, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus clivosus, Rhinopoma hardwickii, Rhinopoma microphyllum, Rhinopomatidae, Rodentia, Scotophilus dinganii, Taphozous nudiventris, Taphozous perforatus, Triaenops persicus [afer], Vespertilionidae}, author = {Pearch, M. J. and Bates, P. J. J. and Magin, C.} } @article {5479, title = {Samples of Plecotus from Algeria in the National Museum of Natural History of Ukraine}, journal = {Vestnik Zoologii}, volume = {35}, number = {2}, year = {2001}, month = {2001}, pages = {102}, keywords = {Algeria, Chiroptera, North Africa, Plecotus austriacus [gaisleri], Vespertilionidae}, url = {Zagorodniuk 2001.pdf http://www.v-zool.kiev.ua/tocs/e35-2.htm}, author = {Zagorodniuk, I. V.} } @article {3101, title = {Sex discrimination and roostmate recognition by olfactory cues in the African bats, Mops condylurus and Chaerephon pumilus (Chiroptera: Molossidae)}, journal = {J. Zool. (Lond.)}, volume = {254}, number = {1}, year = {2001}, month = {2001}, pages = {109-117}, abstract = {The ability of two species of African insectivorous bats (Angola free-tailed Mops condylurus and little free-tailed Chaerephon pumilus) to distinguish between males and females and roostmates from strangers in scent-choice experiments was tested. Both sexes of M. condylurus and male C. pumilus discriminated between sexes based on odours collected from the interaural and muzzle glandular areas, whereas female C. pumilus did not show any preference in either trials. Female M. condylurus from intermediate sized colonies (c. 200-600 individuals) distinguished female roostmates from strangers. There is some indication that roostmate recognition may vary inversely with the colony size of the test-subject suggesting that recognition is individually based, but further studies are necessary to determine if this is so. Histological work revealed that the interaural and muzzle area contain sebaceous glands and that the quantity of the glandular tissue is sexually dimorphic in both species for the interaural area, with males having more tissue, but not for the muzzle area. The presence of osmetrichia using SEM was also observed in the interaural area of both sexes of M. condylurus and in male C. pumilus. Their presence and association with sebaceous glands, as well as the results of the scent-choice experiments are indirect evidences of use of chemical signals, possibly pheromones, by these bats.}, keywords = {Chaerephon pumilus, Chiroptera, Molossidae, Mops condylurus, South Africa}, author = {Bouchard, S.} } @article {4508, title = {Sexual dimorphism, sex ratio and preliminary recapture rates of Nycteris thebaica (Nycteridae: Chiroptera) in Swaziland}, journal = {Durban Mus. Novit.}, volume = {26}, year = {2001}, month = {2001}, pages = {49-52}, abstract = {Nycteris thebaica was captured at day roosts in culverts under a road in Mlawula Nature Reserve, Swaziland. Captured bats were banded, sexed, aged, weighed and their forearm lengths were measured. There was clear sexual dimorphism: females were heavier and had longer forearms than males. Sex ratio was highly skewed with adult females outnumbering adult males by 2.8:1. Sex ratio of juveniles, though, was 1:1. Sex ratios of adults, however, varied seasonally, being highly skewed in July/August, October and December, but not deviating from parity in February. Since females appear to be resident year-round in the culverts, this suggests that males join females in late summer for the purposes of mating. Observations in the critical mating period (possibly May-June), however, are lacking. Adult recapture rates did not differ significantly between the sexes. Juvenile females appear to have higher residency rates than juvenile males, but small sample sizes precluded statistical testing. Whether these higher residency rates reflect lower mortality in females or greater dispersal in males has yet to be determined.}, keywords = {banding, Chiroptera, day roosts, Nycteridae, Nycteris thebaica, reproduction, seasonality, sex ratio, sexual dimorphism, Southern Africa, Swaziland}, author = {Monadjem, A.} } @inbook {3190, title = {On small mammals of the Nyika Plateau, Malawi}, booktitle = {African Small Mammals}, year = {2001}, note = {Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on African Small Mammals, Paris, July 1999}, month = {2001}, pages = {415-426}, publisher = {IRD {\'e}ditions}, organization = {IRD {\'e}ditions}, chapter = {570}, address = {Paris}, keywords = {[Neoromicia nana] Pipistrellus nanus, Chiroptera, East Africa, Epomops dobsonii, Malawi, Mammalia, Plerotes anchietae, Pteropodidae, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus simulator, Rodentia, Soricomorpha, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Chitaukali, W. N. and Burda, H. and Kock, D.}, editor = {Denys, C. and Granjon, L. and Poulet, A.} } @article {3993, title = {The status of Sauromys petrophilus and Chaerephon pumilus (Chiroptera: Molossidae) in the Western Cape Province of South Africa}, journal = {African Zoology}, volume = {36}, number = {2}, year = {2001}, note = {See Rautenbach \& Nel 1979, 1980}, month = {2001}, pages = {129-136}, abstract = {Chaerephon pumilus is widespread in tropical and subtropical Africa, with an outlying southern population near the Cape which is based primarily on records of specimens captured at the Algeria Forestry Station (32{\textdegree}22{\textquoteright}S, 19{\textdegree}03{\textquoteright}E) in South Africa. Sauromys petrophilus, a flat-headed molossid, has a more restricted distribution, ranging from Mozambique and Zimbabwe south to South Africa and west to Namibia. Principal components analysis was used to compare the morphology of the specimens from Algeria Forestry Station (AFS) with that of S. petrophilus and C. pumilus from northeastern South Africa. Although similar in size to C. pumilus, the AFS specimens differed in several features, most notably the degree of skull flattening, a feature shared with S. petrophilus. The AFS specimens also lacked the flap of skin joining the ears, a feature of C. pumilus. These differences suggest that the bats from AFS are S. petrophilus rather than C. pumilus. This means that S. petrophilus may not be as rare in the Cape Province as previously thought and that there are now no records of C. pumilus as far south as the Western Cape Province of South Africa.}, keywords = {Chaerephon pumilus, Chiroptera, Cistugidae, Cistugo lesueuri, Eptesicus hottentotus, Laephotis wintoni, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus schreibersii, Molossidae, Neoromicia capensis, Sauromys petrophilus, South Africa, Tadarida aegyptiaca, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Jacobs, D. S. and Fenton, M. B.} } @article {5285, title = {Sympatric fruit bat species (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) in the Comoro Islands (Western Indian Ocean): Diurnality, feeding interactions and their conservation implications}, journal = {Acta Chiropterologica}, volume = {3}, number = {2}, year = {2001}, month = {2001}, pages = {135-147}, abstract = {The fruit bats Pteropus livingstonii and Pteropus seychellensis comorensis coexist on two of the Comoro Islands, in the Western Indian Ocean. Pteropus livingstonii is more diurnally active than P. s. comorensis. Differences exist in the feeding strategies exhibited by both species when feeding together on kapok (Ceiba pentandra), with P. livingstonii dominant in aggressive interactions with P. s. comorensis. Preliminary investigations suggest that, although there may be some overlap in feeding ecology, with both species feeding on native forest plants, there may be little evidence of overlap in the native fruits eaten. These differences complement known differences in the roosting ecology, flight behaviour, morphology and timing of reproduction of the two sympatric Pteropus species, and suggest that P. s. comorensis does not act as a major limiting factor on P. livingstonii. The implications for the conservation of the Critically Endangered P. livingstonii are discussed.}, keywords = {Ceiba pentandra, Chiroptera, Comoros, diet, East Africa, food, frugivory, Indian Ocean, nectarivory, pollination, Pteropodidae, Pteropus livingstonii, Pteropus seychellensis comorensis}, author = {Trewhella, W. J. and Rodriguez-Clark, K. M. and Davies, J. G. and Reason, P. F. and Wray, S.} } @article {3702, title = {They just keep calling, but is anyone listening?}, journal = {Bat Research News}, volume = {42}, number = {4}, year = {2001}, month = {2001a}, pages = {157}, keywords = {Chiroptera, C{\^o}te d{\textquoteright}Ivoire, Hypsignathus monstrosus, Ivory Coast, Pteropodidae, Ta{\"{\i} National Park, West Africa}, author = {Gordon, T. T.} } @article {3865, title = {Type specimens of recent mammals in the Museum of Comparative Zoology}, journal = {Bull. Mus. comp. Zool. Harv.}, volume = {157}, number = {2}, year = {2001}, month = {2001}, pages = {93-181}, abstract = {The Mammal Department at the Museum of Comparative Zoology houses name-bearing types of 342 species-group taxa of Recent mammals. The type collection consists of 327 holotypes, 2 lectotypes, 4 complete syntype series, and 9 partial syntype series. This catalogue notes information on the type locality, collector, date of collection, present condition, original publication, and synonyms for all name-bearing types in the Mammal Department. Comments on the taxonomic and historical importance of many type specimens are included. Lectotypes for a number of taxa are designated for purposes of taxonomic consistency.}, keywords = {[Mops] Chaerephon leucostigma, [Neoromicia capensis] Scabrifer notius, [Neoromicia rendalli] Eptesicus phasma, [Nycticeinops schlieffenii] Nycticeius africanus, Chiroptera, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros curtus, Mammalia, MCZ, Molossidae, Mops angolensis orientis [condylurus], museum collections, Nycteridae, Nycteris madagascariensis, Nycteris nana tristis, Pteropodidae, Pteropus laniger lectotype, Rousettus madagascariensis, Scotophilus altilis [leucogaster], systematics, taxonomy, Triaenops auritus, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Helgen, K. M. and McFadden, T. L.} } @article {4121, title = {Vertebrate prey of the barn owl (Tyto alba Scopoli) from Tororo, eastern Uganda}, journal = {Uganda Journal}, volume = {47}, year = {2001}, month = {2001}, pages = {67-73}, keywords = {[Chaerephon pumilus] Chaerophon pumila, [Chaerephon] Chaerophon aloysiisabaudiae, [Neoromicia] Epitesicus capensis, [Neoromicia] Epitesicus tenuipinnis, Aves, caves, Chiroptera, day roosts, diet, East Africa, Emballonuridae, Epomophorus minimus, food, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros caffer, Mammalia, Micropteropus pusillus [pusillus], Molossidae, Mops condylura [condylurus], Mops demonstrator, Mops niveiventer, predation, prey, Pteropodidae, Reptilia, Rodentia, Scotophilus leucogaster, Scotophilus sp., Soricidae, Strigiformes, Taphozous perforatus, Tyto alba, Tytonidae, Uganda, Vespertilionidae}, url = {Kityo 2001.pdf http://www.ajol.info/index.php/uj/article/view/23053}, author = {Kityo, R. M.} } @article {3267, title = {Woodhoopoes prey on bat}, journal = {CCA Ecological Journal}, volume = {3}, year = {2001}, month = {2001}, pages = {146}, keywords = {Aves, Botswana, Chiroptera, Okavango Delta, Phoeniculidae, Phoeniculus purpureus, predation, Southern Africa}, author = {Daniel, D.} } @article {4574, title = {Bat survey begins at Phinda}, journal = {CCA Ecological Journal}, volume = {2}, year = {2000}, month = {2000}, pages = {218}, keywords = {[Neoromicia nana] Pipistrellus nanus, [Neoromicia] Eptesicus rendalli, Chaerephon pumilus, Chiroptera, Epomophorus wahlbergi, Molossidae, Mops condylurus, Pteropodidae, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus darlingi-simulator, Scotophilus dinganii, South Africa, survey, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Naylor, S.} } @book {5148, title = {Bats of Southern Africa}, year = {2000}, month = {2000}, pages = {viii+206 pp.}, publisher = {University of Natal Press}, organization = {University of Natal Press}, address = {Pietermaritzburg}, keywords = {Botswana, Chiroptera, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe}, author = {Taylor, P. J.} } @inbook {3942, title = {Bats of the Palaearctic Region: A taxonomic and biogeographical review}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the VIIIth EBRS, Vol. 1: Approaches to Biogeography and Ecology of Bats}, year = {2000}, month = {2000}, pages = {11-157}, publisher = {Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals PAS}, organization = {Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals PAS}, chapter = {273}, address = {Krakow}, abstract = {Although the Palearctic is the largest biogeographic region of the World, its bat fauna consists of mere 109 species (25 genera, 8 families) of which 51 species (5 Rhinolophidae, 46 Vespertilionidae), predominantly linked to the temperate arboreal biomes, can be regarded as its core elements. These numbers are, of course, quite provisional because the knowledge on taxonomy of individual species is often rather incomplete. The patterns of geographic variation and status of local populations have been properly comprehended in eleven species only. This all biases also the current comprehension to faunal dynamics and chorologic diversity of the region. The present biogeographic analyses (based on a total of 29 800 faunal records subdivided into 112 operational biogeographic units) were thus intended to reveal the large scale biogeographic patterns and the major trends. Among others the following were particularly well marked: (1) most of the arboreal elements are characterized by the E-W Palearctic vicariance, some also with the vicariant species in the W-Palearctic eremial zone, (2) besides the gradual latitudinal decrease in species richness and diversity there is an apparent increase in both the characteristics in the latitudinal belt of 40-500 N. This is apparently because (3) the W Palearctic is essentially contributed by the Mediterranean and Afro-eremial elements, by which (4) the species richness and diversity is here much higher that in the corresponding latitudes in both the E Palearctic and Nearctic regions. (5) The tensions along the following polarities were found the most influencing factors modulating the faunal structure: (i) eremial-boreal, (ii) Oriental-Ethiopian, (iii) Mediterranean vs. non Mediterranean.The observed specificities of the Palearctic bat fauna resulted largely from (a) subsequent disappearance of the ancient groups of specialized foragers during the Neogene, (b) increasing the role of an ancient pattern of faunal arrangement centered around the unspecialized foraging (viz., slow aerial hawking), and (c) a massive adaptive divergence modifying it in favour of the groups capable of long-lasting hibernation. The resulting pattern is thus a bit strange: the Palearctic bat fauna is rather poor in comparison either with the original state or with the situation in the neighbouring Paleaotropic regions but, at the same time, it is rather modern and rich in fine modifications and newly rediscovered possibilities within the above mentioned constraints. Because of narrowing the adaptive limits due to these constraints, in the Palearctic bats, a large amount of parallel adaptations in different clades can be expected, as well as a considerable amount of cryptic variation resulting from it, particularly in those clades which succeeded to attain especially well balanced phenotypic design (M. mystacinus group, Pipistrellus, Plecotus a.o.).The paper is supplemented with an annotated checklist of all Palearctic bat species and a list of regional faunal record.}, keywords = {biogeography, Chiroptera, distribution, Palaearctic}, author = {Hor{\'a}{\v c}ek, I. and Han{\'a}k, V. and Gaisler, J.}, editor = {Wo{\textthreesuperior}oszyn, B. W.} } @article {4332, title = {Breeding biology of Frances{\textquoteright}s sparrowhawk Accipiter francesii in a lowland rainforest of northeastern Madagascar}, journal = {Ostrich}, volume = {71}, number = {1-2}, year = {2000}, month = {2000}, pages = {332-335}, abstract = {Frances{\textquoteright}s sparrowhawks Accipiter francesii were studied during the breeding seasons 1994 and 1995 on Masoala Peninsula of northeastern Madagascar. Breeding coincides with the dry season, nest building in October, egg laying in November, hatching in December and fledging in January (beginning of the wet season). All but one of 10 pairs built new nests in 1995 and the mean distance of nest site from 1994 and 1995 nests was 105f100 m (n = 6, ranging from 0 to 250 m). Nests in primary forest were incubated for 79\% of the observation time by females, 3\% by males and eggs were unattended for 18\% of the observation time. On a numerical basis the diet was composed of lizards (56\%) and birds (23\%), making up more than 79\% of the identified prey items. A total of 33 eggs was laid in 13 nests (average clutch size 2.5). In 13 breeding attempts 29 (88\%) hatched and all of those hatchlings fledged. Of the 14 My-documented breeding attempts 2.1 young fledged per breeding attempt and overall nesting success was 93\%.}, keywords = {Accipiter francesiae, Africa, Aves, Chiroptera, diet, food, Madagascar, predation, reproduction}, url = {Lily-Arison 2000.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00306525.2000.9639944}, author = {Lily-Arison, R. de R.} } @article {3981, title = {Cave investigations in Namibia VI. The desert caves in and around the Namib-Naukluft Park}, journal = {Cimbebasia}, volume = {16}, year = {2000}, month = {2000}, pages = {177-193}, abstract = {The known caves of the central Namib Desert and adjacent escarpment area are investigated. Six caves are treated in detail, particularly regarding geological and mineralogical aspects, and surveys, cave climate measurements, and biological information is provided. Additional information regarding a seventh cave, previously treated elsewhere, is given. As climatic conditions in the central Namib are too arid for normal karst processes, speleogenesis is ascribed to hydrothermal action, which is supported by mineralogical and geomorphological evidence.}, keywords = {[Neoromicia] Eptesicus capensis, caves, Chiroptera, climate, day roosts, geology, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros caffer, history, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus schreibersii, Molossidae, Namibia, Nycteridae, Nycteris thebaica, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus denti, roosting, Scotophilus dinganii, Southern Africa, Tadarida aegyptiaca, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Irish, J. and Martini, J. and Marais, E.} } @article {2860, title = {Climate, vegetation, and predictable gradients in mammal species richness in southern Africa}, journal = {J. Zool. (Lond.)}, volume = {251}, number = {2}, year = {2000}, month = {2000}, pages = {205-231}, abstract = {Many hypotheses have been proposed to account for geographic variations in species diversity. In general these relate to some aspect of climate, particularly climatic variables measuring available or potential energy, but while these relate directly to plant diversity they may only indirectly affect mammal species richness. We have examined these relationships by mapping and correlating mammal species richness in southern Africa (n=285 species) with 15 climatic variables, two topographic variables, and woody plant species richness (n=1359 species). The effect of area on richness was held a constant by using an equal-area grid cell matrix superimposed on species range maps, with each grid cell equal to 25 000 km2. We found that variability in the plant species richness alone accounts for 75\% of the variability in mammal species richness. Of the climatic variables, only thermal seasonality approaches this figure, accounting for 69\% of the variability, while annual measures of temperature, precipitation or energy account for only 14-35\% of variability. Differences from North American mammal diversity studies, where annual temperature, and hence annual potential evapotranspiration (PET), have been found to be more important, are attributed in part to southern Africa{\textquoteright}s climate and vegetation being largely temperate to tropical, as opposed to temperate to polar in North America. By distinguishing different types of mammal based on size, spatial and dietary guilds, other differences emerge. Strong correlations with annual temperature exist only for large mammals, accounting for 60-67\% of the variability in species richness of large mammals compared with <20\% for small mammals. Small mammals are strongly correlated with other climatic or vegetation parameters, especially plant richness and thermal seasonality; frugivorous and insectivorous mammal richness is correlated with thermal seasonality and minimum monthly PET; and arboreal and aerial species richness is correlated with plant richness, thermal seasonality and minimum monthly PET. Up to 77\% of the variability in richness of arboreal, frugivorous and insectivorous species can be explained by woody plant richness, compared with only 38-48\% of the variability in terrestrial herbivores. It is clear from this that different kinds of mammals are differentially affected by climatic and environmental factors, and this explains some of the discrepancies found in earlier studies where no distinction was made between different sizes or guilds of mammal. This result has implications both for the conservation of mammalian communities at the present time and for understanding the evolution and structure of mammalian communities in the past.}, keywords = {body size, Chiroptera, climate, dietary guilds, Mammalia, potential evapotranspiration, Southern Africa, species richness, woody plants}, author = {Andrews, P. and O{\textquoteright}Brien, E. M.} } @article {3987, title = {Community level support for the allotonic frequency hypothesis}, journal = {Acta Chiropterologica}, volume = {2}, number = {2}, year = {2000}, month = {2000}, pages = {197-207}, abstract = {The allotonic frequency hypothesis proposes that some insectivorous bats increase their access to moths that can hear echolocation calls by using frequencies to which the ears of the moths are less sensitive. The hypothesis predicts that the frequencies of bat echolocation calls are positively correlated with the incidence of moths in the diet of these bats. Studies that have provided evidence in support of the allotonic frequency hypothesis have relied on data collected by a number of researchers, in a number of different ways and at different times. The aim of this study was to test the allotonic frequency hypothesis on a single African bat community so that data for the different species could be collected at more or less the same time and in the same way. This community consisted of three high duty cycle species, Cloeotis percivali, Hipposideros caffer, and Rhinolophus simulator, and two low duty cycle species, Miniopterus schreibersii and Scotophilus borbonicus. As predicted by the hypothesis, echolocation frequency was positively correlated with the proportion of moths in the diet of these bats. Echolocation frequency was also a better predictor of diet than wing morphology suggesting that the selection pressure exerted by moth hearing might have acted directly on call frequency and secondarily on wing morphology, as part of the same adaptive complex. These results suggest that structure of bat communities might be determined by prey defenses rather than by competition.}, keywords = {allotonic frequency hypothesis, Chiroptera, Cloeotis percivali, diet, echolocation, frequency, hearing, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros caffer, Insecta, Lepidoptera, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus schreibersii, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus simulator, Scotophilus borbonicus, South Africa, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Jacobs, D. S.} } @article {4866, title = {Cytogenetic classification of some common bats from Egypt}, journal = {Egypt. J. Zool.}, volume = {34}, year = {2000}, month = {2000}, pages = {181-204}, abstract = {The present work presents an attempt to use cytogenetic studies as a new parameter for the classification of some local common bats. Chromosomal and sperm morphology studies were carried out for 9 bat species, which belong to 6 families of the two suborders Megachiroptera and Microchiroptera (order Chiroptera). The investigated bat species were Rousettus aegyptiacus (Pteropodidae), Taphozous perforatus\&Taphozous nudiventris (Emballonuridae), Nycteris thebaica (Nycteridae), Rhinopoma microphyllum\&Rhinopoma hardwickei (Rhinopomatidae), Pipistrellus kuhli\&Pipistrellus rueppellii (Vespertilionidae), and Rhinolophus clivosus (Rhinolophidae). In addition, differential leucocytic count and neutrophil nuclear dimorphism were carried out on the studied bat species. It is concluded from this study that the bat species of the same family (except Vespertilionidae) have nearly the same chromosomal and sperm morphological characteristics.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, chromosomes, cytogenetics, Egypt, Emballonuridae, karyotypes, North Africa, Nycteridae, Nycteris thebaica, Pipistrellus kuhlii, Pipistrellus rueppellii, Pteropodidae, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus clivosus, Rhinopoma hardwickii, Rhinopoma microphyllum, Rhinopomatidae, Rousettus aegyptiacus, Taphozous nudiventris, Taphozous perforatus, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Riad, Z. M. and Mazhar, F. M. and Zaatar, N. H. M.} } @book {5486, title = {A Determination of Parentage, Mating System, and Genetic Diversity in a Captive Population of the Straw-colored Fruit Bat (Eidolon helvum)}, year = {2000}, month = {2000}, pages = {vi+129 pp.}, publisher = {Ph.D. dissertation}, organization = {Ph.D. dissertation}, address = {Portland State University}, keywords = {captivity, Chiroptera, Eidolon helvum, genetic diversity, heterozygosity, mating systems, microsatellites, molecular genetics, parentage, population genetics, Pteropodidae, relatedness, zoos}, url = {http://portlandstate.worldcat.org/title/determination-of-parentage-mating-system-and-genetic-diversity-in-a-captive-population-of-the-straw-colored-fruit-bat-eidolon-helvum/oclc/45148383}, author = {Zinck, J.} } @article {4538, title = {Ecosyst{\`e}mes forestiers et virus Ebola}, journal = {Bull. Soc. Path. Exot.}, volume = {93}, number = {3}, year = {2000}, note = {Conference: "3e colloque du r{\'e}seau international des Instituts Pasteur et instituts associ{\'e}s, Paris, 14-15.10.1999"}, month = {2000}, pages = {172-175}, abstract = {Despite data collected since the emergence of the Ebola virus in 1976, its natural transmission cycle and especially the nature of its reservoirs and means of transmission are still an enigma. This means that effective epidemiological surveillance and prevention are difficult to implement. The location of outbreak areas has suggested that the reservoir and the transmission cycle of the Ebola virus are closely linked to the rainforest ecosystem. The fact that outbreaks seldom occur suggests the presence of a rare animal reservoir having few contacts with man. Paradoxically, various serological investigations have shown a high prevalence in human beings, especially in forest areas of the Central African Republic (CAR), with no pathology associated. This would appear to suggest a circulation of both pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains as well as frequent contacts with man. The eco - logical changes resulting from human activity (agriculture and logging) account for the modification of the fauna (movement of rainforest fauna, introduction of savannah species) and could explain a multiplication of contacts. Likewise, it is interesting to note that the centre of outbreaks has always been in areas bordering on forests (ecotone forest-savannah in the Democratic Republic of Congo, savannah in Sudan). All these considerations have led us to establish a permanent "watch" in areas bordering on forests in the CAR, involving a multidisciplinary approach to the virological study (strain isolation, molecular biology) of the biodiversity of small terrestrial mammals. The results of a study conducted on 947 small mammals has shown for the first time the presence of the Ebola virus genome in two species of rodents and one species of shrew living in forest border areas. These animals must be considered as intermediary hosts and research should now focus on reservoirs in the ecosystem of forest border areas where contacts with man are likely to be more frequent.}, keywords = {Central Africa, Central African Republic, Chiroptera, Ebola, Filoviridae, forest-savanna ecosystems, Mammalia, Rodentia, Soricidae, Soricomorpha, virology}, author = {Morvan, J. M. and Nakoun{\'e}, E. and Deubel, V. and Colyn, M.} } @article {4927, title = {Evolutionary relationships among Old World fruitbats (Megachiroptera: Pteropodidae) based on 12S rRNA, tRNA valine, and 16S rRNA gene sequences}, journal = {Journal of Mammalian Evolution}, volume = {7}, number = {4}, year = {2000}, month = {2000}, pages = {259-284}, abstract = {Old World fruitbats were divided into the cynopterine, epomophorine, rousettine, eonycterine, and notopterine sections by Knud Andersen (1912). Among these, the eonycterine and notopterine sections together comprise the subfamily Macroglossinae, which includes forms with specializations for nectarivory. Single-copy DNA hybridization data argue against the monophyly of four of Andersen{\textquoteright}s sections and further suggest paraphyly or polyphyly of the Macroglossinae. DNA hybridization data provide support for an endemic African clade that includes Megaloglossus (an eonycterine), Epomophorus (an epomophorine), and Lissonycteris (a rousettine). Analyses of mitochondrial 12S rRNA-tRNA valine gene sequences corroborate the African clade but provide less resolution than hybridization data for most branches on the pteropodid tree. Here, we report 11 new 16S rRNA sequences and analyze a mitochondrial data set that includes 12S rRNA, tRNA valine, and 16S rRNA for 18 pteropodid genera. Parsimony, minimum evolution, and maximum likelihood were all employed in phylogenetic analyses. The addition of 16S rRNA sequences to the mitochondrial data set resulted in increased support for several clades, including Macroglossus + Syconycteris, Cynopterus + Thoopterus, Rousettus + the endemic African clade, and Eonycteris + Rousettus + the endemic African clade. Statistical tests suggest that another endemic African genus, Eidolon, is dissociated from the African clade and represents an independent invasion into Africa. We constructed a molecular phylogenetic framework that incorporated clades that were strongly supported by both single-copy DNA hybridization and 12S rRNA-tRNA valine-16S rRNA sequences. Using this framework as a backbone phylogenetic constraint, we then analyzed a morphological data matrix for 34 pteropodid genera with parsimony. Results of this analysis suggest that other epomophorines and Myonycteris (a cynopterine) are also part of the endemic African clade.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, molecular genetics, phylogeny, Pteropodidae}, author = {Romagnoli, M. L. and Springer, M. S.} } @article {3367, title = {Faunal relationships and zoogeographical affinities of mammals in north-west Africa}, journal = {J. Biogeogr.}, volume = {27}, number = {2}, year = {2000}, month = {2000}, pages = {417-424}, abstract = {The nonmarine mammal fauna of the Maghreb region of north-west Africa is related to that from three potential source areas: the northern Palaearctic (Europe and south-west Asia; here referred to as the European fauna), subsaharan Africa (the African fauna) and the arid Palaearctic (Sahara Desert: the desert fauna). On the basis of geographical distribution patterns, this fauna divisible into two groups: the bats, whose affinities are most closely related to southern Europe and southwest Asia, and nonflying species, most closely related to subsaharan Africa but with an appreciable northern Palaearctic element. These affinities are even more pronounced if desert fauna are removed from the analysis. The nonflying European fauna probably colonized via south-west Asia and north Africa, rather than direct from western Europe. The results demonstrate that terrestrial habitat barriers are less of an impediment to dispersal, for all mammals except bats, than even narrow stretches of water. The fauna of the Maghreb may be undergoing faunal relaxation, following immigration from tropical Africa and south-west Asia during mesic phases in the Late Pleistocene and early Holocene.}, keywords = {Algeria, biogeography, Chiroptera, Maghreb, Mammalia, Morocco, North Africa, Tunisia}, author = {Dobson, M. and Wright, A.} } @article {3925, title = {Geometric morphometric approaches to the study of sexual size dimorphism in mammals}, journal = {Hystrix (n.s.)}, volume = {11}, number = {2}, year = {2000}, month = {2000}, pages = {77-90}, abstract = {Sexual size dimorphism (SSD) has been extensively documented in many organisms, from vascular plants to vertebrates, including mammals. Geometric morphometric methods offer new, powerful tools for the study of SSD. The investigation of shape variability has not been previously pursued in traditional SSD studies and is an unique contribution of geometric morphometrics to this field. The combining of Procrustes methods with multivariate statistical analyses supports all traditional SSD experimental designs and allows new studies of shape variability and it{\textquoteright}s relationship with size and other variables. Intraspecific and interspecific examples comparing traditional and geometric morphometric approaches to the study of SSD within several mammalian taxa are presented.}, keywords = {allometry, Asia, Central Africa, Chiroptera, Cynopterus sphinx, Eidolon helvum, Epomops franqueti, Equatorial Guinea, geometric morphometrics, Macroglossus minimus, Mammalia, Megaloglossus woermanni, Micropteropus pusillus, morphology, Myonycteris torquata, North America, Ondatra zibethicus, Pteropodidae, Rensch{\textquoteright}s rule, Rio Muni, Rodentia, Rousettus aegyptiacus, sexual size dimorphism, skulls}, author = {Hood, C. S.} } @article {5141, title = {Ghana{\textquoteright}s treetop bats}, journal = {Bats}, volume = {18}, number = {3}, year = {2000}, month = {2000}, pages = {1-4}, keywords = {animal-plant interactions, Chiroptera, Eidolon helvum, Ghana, iroko, Milicia excelsa, Pteropodidae, regeneration, seed dispersal, Vegetation, West Africa}, author = {Taylor, D. A. R.} } @article {3170, title = {Is the Gibraltar Strait a barrier to gene flow for the bat Myotis myotis (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)?}, journal = {Molecular Ecology}, volume = {9}, number = {11}, year = {2000}, month = {2000}, pages = {1761-1772}, abstract = {Because of their role in limiting gene flow, geographical barriers like mountains or seas often coincide with intraspecific genetic discontinuities. Although the Strait of Gibraltar represents such a potential barrier for both plants and animals, few studies have been conducted on its impact on gene flow. Here we test this effect on a bat species (Myotis myotis) which is apparently distributed on both sides of the strait. Six colonies of 20 Myotis myotis each were sampled in southern Spain and northern Morocco along a linear transect of 1350 km. Results based on six nuclear microsatellite loci reveal no significant population structure within regions, but a complete isolation between bats sampled on each side of the strait. Variability at 600 bp of a mitochondrial gene (cytochrome b) confirms the existence of two genetically distinct and perfectly segregating clades, which diverged several million years ago. Despite the narrowness of the Gibraltar Strait (14 km), these molecular data suggest that neither males, nor females from either region have ever reproduced on the opposite side of the strait. Comparisons of molecular divergence with bats from a closely related species (M. blythii) suggest that the North African clade is possibly a distinct taxon warranting full species rank. We provisionally refer to it as Myotis cf punicus Felten 1977, but a definitive systematic understanding of the whole Mouse-eared bat species complex awaits further genetic sampling, especially in the Eastern Mediterranean areas.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Europe, Iberian Peninsula, Morocco, Myotis blythii, Myotis myotis, Myotis punicus, North Africa, Spain, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Castella, V. and Ruedi, M. and Excoffier, L. and Ib{\'a}{\~n}ez, C. and Arlettaz, R. and Hausser, J.} } @article {3882, title = {Nycteris grandis}, journal = {Mammalian Species}, number = {632}, year = {2000}, month = {2000}, pages = {1-4}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, Nycteridae, Nycteris grandis, review}, author = {Hickey, M. B. C. and Dunlop, J. M.} } @article {4153, title = {Rhinolophus maendeleo n. sp. from Tanzania, a horseshoe bat noteworthy for its systematics and biogeography (Mammalia, Chiroptera, Rhinolophidae)}, journal = {Senckenbergiana biol.}, volume = {80}, number = {1/2}, year = {2000}, month = {2000}, pages = {233-239}, abstract = {Described is Rhinolophus maendeleo n. sp. from the Coastal Lowland forests, Tanzania. The new species differs from its closest relative Rh. adami by the shape of noseleaf and by cranial and bacular characteristics. The systematics of the new species and its Central African forest-dwelling relative is discussed.}, keywords = {baculum, biogeography, Chiroptera, distribution, East Africa, Flederm{\"a}use, Mammalia, morphology, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus adami, Rhinolophus maendeleo sp. nov., Rhinolophus simulator alticolus, Rhinolophus simulator simulator, species description, systematics, Tanzania, taxonomy, Verbreitung}, author = {Kock, D. and Csorba, G. and Howell, K. M.} } @article {4362, title = {Large elapids and arboreality: The ecology of Jameson{\textquoteright}s green mamba (Dendroaspis jamesoni) in an Afrotropical forested region}, journal = {Contributions to Zoology}, volume = {69}, number = {3}, year = {2000}, month = {2000}, pages = {147-155}, abstract = {Several aspects of the ecology of Jameson{\textquoteright}s green mamba Dendroaspis jamesoni jamesoni (Traill, 1843), a large-sized arboreal elapid snake, are studied in southern Nigeria. This species is common and widespread in the region studied. On the basis of the analysis of both the habitats of capture of the various specimens and the results of a logistical regression model, it seems that this species inhabits a wide variety of habitats (including secondary forest patches and the plantation-forest mosaic), and that its local distribution is not influenced by the presence of any macrohabitat parameter. Green mambas were observed both in the dry and in the wet season, without any statistical bias toward a particular season. Adult sex-ratio was approximately 1 : 1. Males were significantly longer than females. All adult mamba dietary records involved warm-blooded prey (mainly birds), whereas young mambas fed also upon lizards and toads. Nearly all the prey eaten by adult mambas were arboreal, and thus there was no support for the recent hypothesis that adult mambas develop an orientation to forage on terrestrial rodents. Male-male combats and matings were observed in December, January, and February (dry season), and gravid females were collected in April, May, and June (wet season). Females produced 7-16 eggs (mean 10.9), and litter size was positively correlated with maternal length.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Dendroaspis jamesoni, Nigeria, predation, Pteropodidae, Reptilia, Scotonycteris zenkeri, Serpentes, West Africa}, url = {http://dpc.uba.uva.nl/ctz/vol69/nr03/art01}, author = {Luiselli, L. and Angelici, F. M. and Akani, G. C.} } @article {2874, title = {A long-term ecological survey of bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera) in the eastern Niger Delta (Nigeria)}, journal = {Ital. J. Zool.}, volume = {67}, number = {2}, year = {2000}, month = {2000}, pages = {169-174}, abstract = {The structure of bat assemblages was studied in relation to variation in forest landscapes in four localities of the eastern Niger Delta (southern Nigeria). The study areas were inhabited by thirteen species, seven Megachiroptera and six Microchiroptera, among which Eidolon helvum, Hypsignathus monstrosus, Rousettus egyptiacus, Saccolaimus peli, and Hipposideros caffer were recorded for the first time, whereas Epomophorus gambianus, Scotonycteris zenkeri, Megaloglossus woermanni, Scotophilus viridis, and Mops thersites were first cited only recently. The majority of captures occurred in secondary forest habitat (99 specimens belonging to 10 species), followed by primary forest (40 specimens, 5 species), and by the bush (13 specimens, 5 species). A multivariate set of analyses arranged the various species into six {\textquoteright}ecological groups{\textquoteright}: (i) Eidolon helvum, Mops thersites; (ii) Hipposideros caffer, (iii) Hypsignathus monstrosus; (iv) Rousettus egyptiacus, Epomops franqueti, Scotonycteris zenkeri, Nycteris arge, (v) Saccolaimus peli, Scotophilus viridis, Nycteris hispida; (vi) Epomophorus gambianus, Megaloglossus woermanni. The various groups are interpreted in the light of the available information on the ecology and distribution of Nigerian bats.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Eidolon helvum, Emballonuridae, Epomophorus gambianus, Epomops franqueti, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros caffer, Hypsignathus monstrosus, Megaloglossus woermanni, Molossidae, Mops thersites, Nigeria, Nycteridae, Nycteris arge, Nycteris hispida, Pteropodidae, Rousettus aegyptiacus, Saccolaimus peli, Scotonycteris zenkeri, Scotophilus viridis, Vespertilionidae, West Africa}, author = {Angelici, F. M. and Wariboko, S. M. and Luiselli, L. and Politano, E} } @article {4958, title = {Mammal fauna of the Muni-Pomadze Ramsar site, Ghana}, journal = {Biodiver. Conserv.}, volume = {9}, number = {4}, year = {2000}, month = {2000}, pages = {541-560}, abstract = {A survey of the terrestrial mammal fauna of Muni-Pomadze Ramsar site along the Ghana coastline recorded 13 species, with 9 additional species reported by local villagers. Small mammal communities are most diverse in the grassland-thicket habitats surrounding the lagoons. Less diverse communities were present in and around managed Ecalyptus plantations or near villages. Duikers, antelope, bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus), and cane rats (Thryonomys swinderianus) are hunted (or trapped) for bushmeat. Bushbuck, in particular, play an important role in certain cultural ceremonies at Muni-Pomadze. Conservation efforts at these localities should focus on the management of bushmeat species and the establishment of a long-term monitoring program using small mammal communities as bioindicators of the health of the terrestrial habitats bordering Muni Lagoon.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros commersoni, Nanonycteris veldkampii, Pteropodidae, West Africa}, author = {Ryan, J. M. and Attuquayefio, D. K.} } @inbook {3150, title = {Mammals}, booktitle = {Coastal Forests of Eastern Africa}, year = {2000}, month = {2000b}, pages = {173-190, app. 5: 401-406}, publisher = {IUCN}, organization = {IUCN}, chapter = {xiii+443}, address = {Gland}, keywords = {[Glauconycteris argentata] Chalinolobus argentatus, [Glauconycteris variegata] Chalinolobus variegatus, [Glauconycteris] Chalinolobus kenyacola, [Lissonycteris] Rousettus angolensis, [Neoromicia nana] Pipistrellus nanus, [Neoromicia somalica] Eptesicus somalicus, [Neoromicia] Eptesicus capensis, [Neoromicia] Eptesicus rendalli, [Nycticeinops schlieffenii] Nycticeius schlieffeni, Cardioderma cor, Chiroptera, Coleura afra, East Africa, Eastern Arc Mountains, Eidolon helvum, Emballonuridae, Epomophorus labiatus, Epomophorus wahlbergi, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros caffer, Hipposideros commersoni [vittatus-gigas], Hipposideros cyclops, Hipposideros ruber, Kenya, Kerivoula africana, Kerivoula argentata, Lavia frons, Mammalia, Megadermatidae, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus minor, Molossidae, Mops brachypterus, Myonycteris relicta, Myotis bocagei, Myotis tricolor, Myotis welwitchii [welwitschii], Nycteridae, Nycteris aurita, Nycteris grandis, Nycteris hispida, Nycteris macrotis, Nycteris thebaica, Nycteris woodi, Otomops martiensseni, Pipistrellus eisentrauti [grandidieri], Pipistrellus rusticus, Pteropodidae, Pteropus seychellensis, Pteropus voeltzkowi, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus clivosus, Rhinolophus deckenii, Rhinolophus eloquens, Rhinolophus fumigatus, Rhinolophus hildebrandtii, Rhinolophus landeri, Rhinolophus sp. nov. [maendeleo], Rhinolophus swinnyi, Rousettus aegyptiacus, Scotoecus albofuscus, Scotoecus hirundo, Scotophilus dinganii, Scotophilus nigrita, Scotophilus viridis, Tadarida aegyptiaca, Tadarida fulminans, Tanzania, Taphozous hildegardeae, Triaenops persicus [afer], Vespertilionidae}, author = {Burgess, N. D. and Kock, D. and Cockle, A. and FitzGibbon, C. and Jenkins, P. and Honess, P.}, editor = {Burgess, N. D. and Clarke, G. P.} } @article {4066, title = {Morphological and allozyme variation of Eidolon helvum (Mammalia: Megachiroptera) in the islands of the Gulf of Guinea}, journal = {Biol. J. Linn. Soc.}, volume = {71}, number = {2}, year = {2000}, month = {2000}, pages = {359-378}, abstract = {Morphological and genetic variation is evaluated among populations of the bat, Eidolon helvum, in the islands of the Gulf of Guinea (Central Africa). The populations from the islands of Bioko, Principe, and Sao Tome do not show significant phenetic differentiation, although a trend towards a reduction of size is found in the latter two islands. The low genetic distances between populations, as well as their values of Wright{\textquoteright}s fixation indexes, suggest that gene flow has hampered differentiation on these islands. In contrast, the population from Annobon, the smallest and farthermost island, shows remarkable morphological and genetic differentiation. On the mainland, E. helvum displays unique migratory and dispersal behaviours, but migratory behaviour was not found in any of the island populations. The combination of selective forces in harsher oceanic environments and restricted gene flow among populations appears to have favoured the high degree of morphological differentiation of E. helvum on Annobon. Due to the extended length of the dry season in Annobon, an earlier achievement of sexual maturity-and consequently smaller size-may be advantageous in the absence of migration. The differentiation is more marked among females, which also suggests that selection may be linked to the reproductive pattern. The population of the island of Annobon is herein described as a new subspecies, Eidolon helvum annobonensis subsp. nov.}, keywords = {Africa, Annob{\'o}n, Chiroptera, Eidolon helvum annobonensis ssp. nov., Gulf of Guinea, island biogeography, Pteropodidae}, author = {Juste B., J. and Ib{\'a}{\~n}ez, C. and Machordom, A.} } @article {4199, title = {A new species of long-eared bat (Plecotus; Vespertilionidae, Mammalia) from Ethiopia}, journal = {Myotis}, volume = {38}, year = {2000}, month = {2000}, pages = {5-17}, abstract = {A new species of Plecotus is described, based on several specimens from southern Ethiopia, the southernmost distribution record of the genus. The new species differs from all known species of Plecotus in size, cranial proportions and pelage coloration. In some metric and qualitative traits (skull size and face shape) it resembles P. auritus. The similarities between these two species may be convergent, though. The shape of the baculum of the new species is strikingly similar to that of the insular P. teneriffae. At present the phylogenetic relationships among the species of Plecotus remain unresolved.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Ethiopia, Northeast Africa, Plecotus balensis sp. nov., Vespertilionidae}, author = {Kruskop, S. V. and Lavrenchenko, L. A.} } @article {4474, title = {Notes on the mammal fauna of the southern part of the Republic of Mali, West Africa}, journal = {Bonn. zool. Beitr.}, volume = {49}, number = {1-4}, year = {2000}, month = {2000}, pages = {101-114}, abstract = {During two short surveys the mammalian fauna of the southern part of the Republic of Mali (West Africa) in the sub-Sahelian belt was investigated. 46 species were recorded altogether. At least nine of them (Crocidura lamottei, Chaerephon pumila, Scotophilus leucogaster, Eptesicus rendalli, Rhinolophus fumigatus, Nycteris macrotis, Rattus norvegicus, Acomys cineraceus, Steatomys caurinus) are first records for the country. One other species is documented for the second time (Tatera cf. kempi), one for the third time (Crocidura lusitania). The known range of Gerbillus cf. gerbillus in Mali was extended further to the south. Rattus norvegicus was found for the first time in mainland Africa; formerly it was only known to occur in harbour towns. The most common rodent in the area was a yet unidentified form of Mastomys. By morphological characters the species is close to Mastomys natalensis and not to M. erythroleucus, a name applied by many authors. The commensal small mammal coenoses of some larger towns (Mopti, Djenne, Segou, Bamako) are compared.}, keywords = {[Neoromicia] Eptesicus rendalli, Acomys cineraceus, Artenzahl, Chaerephon major, Chaerephon nigeriae, Chaerephon pumilus, Chiroptera, Crocidura lamottei, Crocidura lusitania, distribution, Eidolon helvum, Epomophorus gambianus, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros caffer, Mali, Mammalia, Micropteropus pusillus, Molossidae, morphology, Nycteridae, Nycteris macrotis, Nycticeinops schlieffenii, Pteropodidae, Rattus norvegicus, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus fumigatus, Rodentia, Scotophilus leucogaster, Soricidae, Steatomys caurinus, Tatera cf. kempi, Verbreitung, Vespertilionidae, West Africa}, author = {Meinig, H.} } @article {5067, title = {Nouvelles observations de six esp{\`e}ces d{\textquoteright}oiseaux au Mali}, journal = {Malimbus}, volume = {22}, number = {1}, year = {2000}, month = {2000}, pages = {23-28}, abstract = {Records from Mali are presented for three species new to the country (redheaded lovebird Agapornis pullaria, yellow-breasted apalis Apalis flavida, mottled swift Apus equatorialis) and three others with few previous records (bat hawk Machaerhamphus alcinus, white-rumped swift Apus caffer, blue-breasted kingfisher Halcyon malimbica). The records of blue-breasted kingfisher constitute an important range extension.}, keywords = {Aves, Chiroptera, distribution, Macheiramphus alcinus, Mali, predation, West Africa}, author = {Spierenburg, P.} } @article {4607, title = {The os penis of the frugivorous bat, Eidolon helvum (Kerr)}, journal = {Folia Morphologica}, volume = {59}, number = {3}, year = {2000}, month = {2000}, pages = {153-156}, abstract = {The os penis reported in some species of the mammalian order was observed in the juvenile and adult penes of the friguvorous African bat, Eidolon helvum. The morphology of the os penis in Eidolon helvum differs from that observed in bat species and other mammalian order. In the adult form it is large, disc-shaped and located at the distal segment of the penile organ. The proximal segment of the penis does not contain any bone. In the juvenile bat the os penis is made of two separate bones located longitudinally close to each other at the distal third of the penile tissue. The distal location in both the juvenile and the adult poses a question about the true function of this tissue. The bone may function in Eidolon helvum to support erection of the penis more for micturition than for intromission.}, keywords = {baculum, Chiroptera, Eidolon helvum, Nigeria, Pteropodidae, West Africa}, author = {Nwoha, P. U. and Caxton-Martins, A. E. and Baxter-Grillo, D. L.} } @book {3423, title = {Patterns in Niche Partitioning within a Guild of Constant Frequency Echolocating Bats in C{\^o}te d{\textquoteright}Ivoire}, year = {2000}, month = {2000}, pages = {155 pp. + 6 plates}, publisher = {Diploma Thesis}, organization = {Diploma Thesis}, address = {Julius-Maximilians-Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, keywords = {behaviour, CF-echolocation, Chiroptera, community ecology, Como{\'e} National Park, echolocation, ecology, Flederm{\"a}use, foraging, guilds, habitat preferences, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros abae, Hipposideros beatus, Hipposideros caffer, Hipposideros commersoni [vittatus], Hipposideros cyclops, Hipposideros fuliginosus, Hipposideros ruber, Ivory Coast, Mammalia, morphology, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus alcyone, Rhinolophus landeri, species richness, Ta{\"{\i} National Park, Vegetation, West Africa}, author = {Ebigbo, N. M.} } @article {2907, title = {Pr{\'e}sence du taphien {\`a} ventre nu, Taphozous nudiventris, (Chiroptera, Emballonuridae) au Maroc}, journal = {Mammalia}, volume = {64}, number = {1}, year = {2000}, note = {See Denys et al. 1995}, month = {2000}, pages = {116-118}, keywords = {Aves, Bubo ascalaphus, Chiroptera, distribution, Emballonuridae, Faunistik, first record, Flederm{\"a}use, Mammalia, Molossidae, Morocco, morphology, North Africa, predation, Strigidae, Strigiformes, Tadarida aegyptiaca, Taphozous nudiventris, Verbreitung}, author = {Aulagnier, S. and Denys, C.} } @article {4170, title = {Records of bats from Middle Guinea, with remarks on their natural history}, journal = {Plecotus et al.}, volume = {3}, year = {2000}, month = {2000}, pages = {129-148}, abstract = {The study of bats as potential reservoir hosts of arboviruses in Middle Guinea, conducted in 1981-1987, allowed to receive some new data on their fauna, biology and ecology. Five new bat species were recorded for the prospected area: Hipposideros commersoni (Hipposideridae), Nycteris thebaica (Nycteridae), Scotophilus nigrita, Pipistrellus tenuipinnis (Vespertilionidae) and Chaerephon pumila (Molossidae). Five species or bat ectoparasites as: Eucampsipoda africana, Nycteribia schmidlii scotti, Penicillida fulvida, Stilida scissa sudanica (Nycteribiidac) and Thaumapsylla breviceps (Siphonaptera) were discovered in Guinea for the first time as well.}, keywords = {Artenzahl, caves, Chaerephon pumilus, Chiroptera, day roosts, distribution, Eucampsipoda africana, Flederm{\"a}use, Fouta Djallon, Guinea, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros commersoni, Insecta, Mammalia, Molossidae, morphology, Neoromicia tenuipinnis, Nycteribia schmidlii scotti, Nycteribiidae, Nycteridae, Nycteris thebaica, parasites, Penicillidia fulvida, Pteropodidae, roosting behaviour, Scotophilus nigrita, Siphonaptera, Stilida scissa sudanica, Streblidae, systematics, taxonomy, Thaumapsylla breviceps, Verbreitung, Vespertilionidae, West Africa}, author = {Konstantinov, O. K and Pema, A. I. and Labzin, V. V. and Farafonova, G. V.} } @inbook {5144, title = {The role of fruit bat, Eidolon helvum, in seed dispersal, survival, and germination in Milicia excelsa, a threatened West African hardwood}, booktitle = {Research Advances in Restoration of Iroko as a Commercial Species in West Africa}, year = {2000}, note = {International Workshop Proceedings, 15-16 November 2000}, month = {2000}, pages = {29-39}, publisher = {Forestry Research Institute of Ghana (FORIG)}, organization = {Forestry Research Institute of Ghana (FORIG)}, chapter = {xii+134}, address = {Kumasi, Ghana}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Eidolon helvum, Ghana, iroko, Pteropodidae, seed dispersal, seed germination, West Africa}, author = {Taylor, D. A. R. and Kankam, B. O. and Wagner, M. R.}, editor = {Cobbinah, J. R. and Wagner, M. R.} } @article {4606, title = {Sex differences in the bony pelvis of the fruit-eating bat, Eidolon helvum}, journal = {Folia Morphologica}, volume = {59}, number = {4}, year = {2000}, month = {2000}, pages = {291-295}, abstract = {Investigation into the bony pelvis of the fruit-eating bat, Eidolon helvum, revealed differences in the pelvic dimensions. The pubic joint of the female consists of interpubic ligament that increased in length until puberty. In the juvenile male Eidolon the pubic joint consists of ligament. Ossification of the interpubic ligament in the male is not an adult phenomenon but begins at the juvenile stage. In the adult the distance from the ischial tuberosity to the iliac crest, from the ischial tuberosity to the medial end of the pubis, and the outlet anteroposterior diameter of the pelvis, were significantly higher in the male than in the female. This indicates that the hip bone in the male is longer in both the vertical (height) and transverse (width) measurements than in the female. The dimensions of the adult pelvic inlet and outlet transverse diameters were significantly higher in the female than in the male. This indicates that the female pelvic canal is wider than the male and this is a consequence of the female interpubic ligament.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Eidolon helvum, Nigeria, Pteropodidae, West Africa}, author = {Nwoha, P. U.} } @article {4340, title = {Soaring and non-soaring bats of the family Pteropodidae (flying foxes, Pteropus spp.): Wing morphology and flight performance}, journal = {J. Exp. Biol.}, volume = {203}, number = {3}, year = {2000}, month = {2000}, pages = {651-664}, abstract = {On oceanic islands, some large diurnal megachiropteran bat species (flying foxes; Pteropus spp.) frequently use thermal or slope soaring during foraging flights to save energy. We compared the flight morphology and gliding/soaring performance of soaring versus non-soaring Pteropus species, one pair on American Samoa and one pair on the Comoro Islands, and two other soaring/flap-gliding species and one non-soaring species. We predicted that the soaring species should have a lower body mass, longer wings and, hence, lower wing loadings than those species that use mainly flapping flight. This would give a lower sinking speed during gliding, a higher glide ratio, and enable the bats to make tighter turns with lower sinking speeds than in the non-soaring species. We theoretically calculated the gliding and circling performances of both the soaring and non-soaring species. Our results show that there are tendencies towards longer wings and lower wing loadings in relation to body size in the gliding/soaring flying foxes than in the non-soaring ones. In the species-pair comparison of the soaring and non-soaring species on American Samoa and the Comoro Islands, the soarers on both islands turn out to have lower wing loadings than their non-soaring partners in spite of opposite size differences among the pairs. These characteristics are in accordance with our hypothesis on morphological adaptations. Most differences are, however, only significant at a level of P<0.01, which may be due to the small sample size, but overlap also occurs. Therefore, we must conclude that wing morphology does not seem to be a limiting factor preventing the non-soarers from soaring. Instead, diurnality in the soaring species seems to be the ultimate determinant of soaring behaviour. The morphological differences cause visible differences in soaring and gliding performance. The glider/soarers turn out to have lower minimum sinking speeds, lower best glide speeds and smaller turning radii than the non-soarers. When the wing measurements and soaring performance are normalized to a body mass of 0.5 kg for all species, the minimum sinking speed becomes significantly lower (P<0.05) in the three soaring and the one flap-gliding species (0.63 m s-1) than in the three non-soaring species (0.69 m s-1). Interestingly, the zones in the diagrams for the glide polars and circling envelopes of these similar-sized bats become displaced for the glider/soarers versus the non-soarers. The glide polars overlap slightly only at the gliding speeds appropriate for these bats, whereas the circling envelopes do not overlap at the appropriate bank angles and turning radii. This points towards adaptations for better gliding/soaring performance in the soaring and gliding species.}, keywords = {American Samoa, Asia, behaviour, Chiroptera, Comoros, diurnal, East Africa, ecology, flight, flying, gliding, Mammalia, nocturnal, Pteropodidae, Pteropus livingstonii, Pteropus mariannus pelewensis, Pteropus rufus, Pteropus samoensis, Pteropus seychellensis comorensis, Pteropus tonganus, soaring, theory, wing shape}, author = {Lindhe Norberg, U. M. and Brooke, A. P. and Trewhella, W. J.} } @article {5081, title = {A survey of the small mammals of the Gonja Forest Reserve, Tanzania}, journal = {J. East Afr. nat. Hist.}, volume = {89}, number = {1}, year = {2000}, month = {2000}, pages = {73-83}, abstract = {Small mammals were surveyed in the lowland forest of the Gonja Forest Reserve of north-eastern Tanzania. In 565 trap-nights 10 rodents (three species) were captured. In 12.5 net hours 27 bats (11 species) were netted. Comparisons of similar surveys in nearby montane forests indicate a lower density and diversity of rodents and shrews in Gonja than in higher elevation habitats. Information is presented on external measurements, weight and reproductive condition of the specimens collected.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, East Africa, Glauconycteris argentata, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros caffer, Mammalia, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus schreibersii, Myotis bocagii, Neoromicia nanus, Nycteridae, Nycteris grandis, Nycteris hispida, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus fumigatus, Rhinolophus hildebrandtii, Rodentia, Scotoecus hirundo, Soricidae, Soricomorpha, Vespertilionidae}, url = {Stanley et al. 2000.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.2982\%2F0012-8317\%282000\%2989\%5B73\%3AASOTSM\%5D2.0.CO\%3B2}, author = {Stanley, W. T. and Goodman, S. M. and Kihaule, P. M. and Howell, K. M.} } @article {3006, title = {Taxonomic revision of Myotis mystacinus group (Mammalia: Chiroptera) in the western Palearctic}, journal = {Acta Soc. Zool. Bohem.}, volume = {64}, number = {4}, year = {2000}, month = {2000}, pages = {331-398}, abstract = {We restudied the systematic arrangement of the Myotis mystacinus group in the western part of the Palearctic region (Europe, North Africa, and Caucasus region) using morphometry of the skull and wings, and morphology of teeth and bacula in more than 650 museum specimens. In the stated region we recognized five species with several subspecies: Myotis brandtii brandtii (Eversmann, 1845), which occurs in central and north-eastern Europe, the Balkans and the Caucasus region; Myotis mystacinus mystacinus (Kuhl, 1817), which occurs in the European mixed forests from Ireland and the Balkans to the Ural Mts.; M. m. occidentalis Benda ssp. n., which occurs in the western Mediterranean; M. m. caucasicus Tsytsulina ssp. n., which occurs in the Caucasus Mts., Transcaucasia, and Armenian Highlands; and Myotis aurascens Kusjakin, 1935 stat. n., which occurs in south-eastern Europe from northern Italy, Dalmatia and the Balkans through the steppes of southern Ukraine and Ciscaucasia to Transcaucasia and the steppes of western Kazakhstan (this form probably occurs in Asia Minor as well). The Sevan Lake basin in Armenia is inhabited by an endemic form, Myotis hajastanicus Argyropulo, 1939 stat. n. In the north-eastern part of the Middle East (eastern Turkey, eastern Transcaucasia, Iran) and more to the east another form occurs, tentatively identified here as Myotis nipalensis transcaspicus Ogneff et Heptner, 1928 stat. n. The paper includes revised diagnoses of all newly defined taxa.}, keywords = {Asia, baculum, Chiroptera, Europe, Morocco, morphometrics, Myotis aurascens, Myotis brandtii, Myotis hajastanicus, Myotis mystacinus caucasicus, Myotis mystacinus mystacinus, Myotis mystacinus occidentalis, Myotis nipalensis transcaspicus, North Africa, systematics, taxonomy, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Benda, P. and Tsytsulina, K. A.} } @article {3742, title = {Variation in the frequency of the echolocation calls of Hipposideros ruber in the Gulf of Guinea: An exploration of the adaptive meaning of the constant frequency value in rhinolophoid CF bats}, journal = {J. Evol. Biol.}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, year = {2000}, month = {2000}, pages = {70-80}, abstract = {This study describes variation patterns in the constant frequency (CF) segment of echolocation calls of the bat Hipposideros ruber within and among populations across the region of the Gulf of Guinea. Correlations of variation in CF with variation in body size, body condition, environmental humidity and presence of ecologically similar species are studied in an attempt to identify the forces driving the evolution of CF. We found that bats may adapt the frequency to humidity, and that CF may evolve under interspecific interactions, either of ecological or of social nature. The results support an adaptive value for the high values of CF, and challenge the {\textquoteright}Allotonic Frequency Hypothesis{\textquoteright}. We found correlation between frequency and a body condition index, which may trigger social selection processes in this species sexually dimorphic in CF. Combined social and environmental selection on CF could trigger diversification of bats along ecotones separating habitats with contrasting air humidity.}, keywords = {acoustic communication, Africa, allopatric, Artenzahl, behaviour, Beutespektrum, Chiroptera, communities, competition, distribution, echolocation, ecology, evolution, Flederm{\"a}use, habitat preferences, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros ruber, humidity, island biogeography, Mammalia, morphology, Nahrungsspektrum, Pr{\'{\i}ncipe, prey detection, prey selection, S{\~a}o Tom{\'e}, speciation, sympatric, theory, Verbreitung}, author = {Guill{\'e}n-Servent, A. and Juste B., J. and Ib{\'a}{\~n}ez, C.} } @article {3700, title = {Are megachiropteran bats lunarphilic?}, journal = {Bat Research News}, volume = {40}, number = {4}, year = {1999}, month = {1999}, pages = {171}, keywords = {Chiroptera, C{\^o}te d{\textquoteright}Ivoire, Ivory Coast, Pteropodidae, Ta{\"{\i} National Park, West Africa}, author = {Gordon, T. T.} } @article {3408, title = {Bat salivary proteins segregate according to diet}, journal = {Mammalia}, volume = {63}, number = {2}, year = {1999}, month = {1999}, pages = {159-166}, abstract = {Whole saliva samples were gathered from four insectivorous (Myotis tricolor, Pipistrellus africanus, Mops condylurus, and Chaerephon pumilla) and two frugivorous (Epomophorus labiatus, E. minor) bat species following a 6-10 hour fasting period and immediately stored in liquid nitrogen. Proteins within the samples were visualized by SDS-PAGE techniques modified for saliva. With the exception of E. minor, each species is represented by four to five individuals. Only minor fluctuations in protein banding patterns were encountered among conspecifics. However, frugivores exhibit a major band at 60 Kd that is absent in insectivores, and insectivores exhibit a major 40 Kd band that is lacking in frugivores. Peptides from three sets of bands were extracted directly from the gels after in-situ proteolysis and isolation using HPLC. Comparison of amino acid sequences to the PIR, EC, and SwisProt databanks did not yield any compelling similarities, though some interesting potential matches were generated. Based on their molecular weights, potential identities of the proteins are discussed with respect to their roles in digestion and the maintenance of the oral cavity. These data constitute the first comparative analysis of bat salivary proteins and suggest that this novel source of data will prove useful in answering both functional and evolutionary questions.}, keywords = {Chaerephon pumilus, Chiroptera, diet, Epomophorus labiatus, Epomophorus minor, Ern{\"a}hrungsweise, Ethiopia, Flederm{\"a}use, Mammalia, Molossidae, Mops condylurus, Myotis tricolor, Nahrung, Neoromicia nanus, Northeast Africa, proteins, Pteropodidae, saliva, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Dumont, E. R and Etzel, K. and Hempel, D.} } @article {3591, title = {Capture meridionale de la barbastelle d{\textquoteright}Europe (Barbastella barbastellus) et de la pipistrelle commune (Pipistrellus pipistrellus) au Maroc}, journal = {Mammalia}, volume = {62}, number = {4}, year = {1999}, month = {1999}, pages = {610-611}, keywords = {Barbastella barbastellus, Chiroptera, Hypsugo savii, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus schreibersii, Morocco, North Africa, Pipistrellus pipistrellus, Vespertilionidae}, url = {Fonderflick et al. 1999.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mamm.1998.62.4.585}, author = {Fonderflick, J. and Grosselet, M. and Pade, P.} } @inbook {3456, title = {Checklist: Mammals of Mkomazi}, booktitle = {Mkomazi: The Ecology, Biodiversity and Conservation of a Tanzanian savanna}, year = {1999}, month = {1999}, pages = {505-510}, publisher = {RGS-IBG}, organization = {RGS-IBG}, chapter = {608}, address = {London}, keywords = {Chiroptera, East Africa, Eidolon helvum, Epomophorus cf. wahlbergi, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros caffer, Mammalia, Molossidae, Nycteridae, Nycteris thebaica, Pteropodidae, Rousettus aegyptiacus, Tadarida aegyptiaca, Tanzania}, author = {Eltringham, S. K. and Morley, R. J. and Kingdon, J. and Coe, M. J. and McWilliam, N. C.}, editor = {Coe, M. J. and McWilliam, N. C. and Stone, G. N. and Packer, M. J.} } @article {5323, title = {On a collection of bats (Chiroptera) from Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo}, journal = {Mammalia}, volume = {63}, number = {3}, year = {1999}, note = {See Leirs et al. 1999}, month = {1999 [publicatio}, pages = {291-322}, abstract = {The collection of vertebrates made in Kikwit in the aftermath of the 1995 Ebola haemorrhagic fever epidemic included 538 bat specimens, representing 18 species. This collection contains large numbers of a very common species, Chaerephon pumila, but also of Chaerephon ansorgei, which was not yet reported in such large numbers. Other rather common African bat species - e.g. Pipistrellus nanus - are represented with two specimens only. Surprisingly, some rare species were found to be present in the collection: e.g. Casinycteris argynnis, Miniopterus minor, Myopterus whitleyi, especially when the limited time over which the collection is made, is considered. For each of the species, measurements are presented - either in detail or in summary - and comparisons are made with the dimensions found in the literature. The distribution of the species in the Democratic Republic of the Congo is discussed based on literature data. For most species, information on reproductive data is given.}, keywords = {[Neoromicia nana] Pipistrellus nanus, [Neoromicia] Eptesicus somalicus, [Neoromicia] Eptesicus tenuipinnis, Casinycteris argynnis, Central Africa, Chaerephon ansorgei, Chaerephon pumila [pumilus], Chiroptera, Congo (Kinshasa), distribution, Ebola, ecology, Epomops franqueti, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, Mammalia, Megaloglossus woermanni, Micropteropus pusillus, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus minor, Molossidae, Mops condylurus, Mops nanulus, Mops niveiventer, Mops thersites, morphology, Myopterus whitleyi, Myotis bocagii, Nycteridae, Nycteris hispida, Pteropodidae, Scotophilus dinganii, species richness, systematics, taxonomy, Vegetation, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Van Cakenberghe, V. and De Vree, F. and Leirs, H.} } @inbook {3033, title = {Conservation status of African fruit bats (Mammalia, Megachiroptera)}, booktitle = {International Seminar on Species Conservation - The IUCN Red List Categories Discussed}, series = {Mededelingen}, number = {33}, year = {1999}, month = {1999}, pages = {75-99}, publisher = {Nederlandse Commissie voor Internationale Natuurbescherming}, organization = {Nederlandse Commissie voor Internationale Natuurbescherming}, address = {Leiden}, keywords = {Africa, Artenzahl, Casinycteris, Chiroptera, conservation, distribution, ecology, endemic, Epomophorus, Mammalia, Micropteropus, Myonycteris, Plerotes, Pteropodidae, Pteropus, Rousettus, Scotonycteris, Verbreitung}, author = {Bergmans, W.}, editor = {de Iongh, H. and Prins, H.} } @article {4625, title = {Could bats act as reservoir hosts for Rift Valley fever virus?}, journal = {Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res.}, volume = {66}, number = {1}, year = {1999}, month = {1999}, pages = {51-54}, abstract = {The inter-epizootic reservoir host of Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) remains unknown, although the namaqua rock rat, Aethomys namaquensis, as well as bats have been implicated. Bats can be asymptomatically infected with rabies, as well as several arboviruses; the possibility that they can act as host for RVFV therefore exists. To examine this possibility, 350 different samples (brain, liver, salivary glands and brown fat) obtained from 150 bats (comprising seven species) were tested for RVFV antigen using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). None of the samples tested positive, but the ELISA proved to have limited sensitivity (>=10^3 TCID50/ml). In order to determine whether bats could be infected with RVFV, one Miniopterus schreibersii and two Eptesicus capensis bats were inoculated by the oral or intramuscular route with 100 ml and 30 ml, respectively, of a RVFV suspension with a titre of 10^6 TCID50/ml. None of the bats developed any clinical signs. A low concentration of RVFV antigen was found in the liver and urine of M. schreibersii, but not in brain tissue. A third E. capensis bat was inoculated by the intramuscular route and sacrificed on day 18. A low level of antigen was detected in the brown fat. These results demonstrate that bats can be infected with RVFV, and that further studies should be done to determine the potential of different bat species to act as reservoir hosts for RVFV during inter-epizootic periods.}, keywords = {[Cistugo lesueuri] Myotis leasuri, [Neoromicia] Eptesicus capensis, Chiroptera, Cistugidae, infectiology, infectious diseases, Laephotis wintoni, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus schreibersii, Molossidae, Myotis tricolor, reservoir hosts, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus clivosus, Rodentia, South Africa, Tadarida aegyptiaca, Vespertilionidae, virology}, author = {Oelofsen, M. J. and Van der Ryst, E.} } @article {4009, title = {Diets of breeding peregrine and lanner falcons in South Africa}, journal = {Journal of Raptor Research}, volume = {33}, number = {3}, year = {1999}, month = {1999}, pages = {190-206}, abstract = {The diets of breeding peregrine (Falco peregrinus) and lanner (F. biarmicus) falcons in South Africa were determined from the analysis of prey remains collected at nest sites and through direct observations to determine the regional variation in peregrine falcon prey and to measure diet overlap, and the potential for competition between peregrine falcons and sympatric congeners. Direct observations suggested that remains under-sampled small prey by about 10\% and over-sampled large prey by about 8\%. Peregrine and lanner falcons preyed mostly on birds. Pigeons and Streptopelia doves comprised the bulk (38-66\% by frequency 68-85\% by mass) of the peregrine falcon prey in each of three study areas. Columbids were supplemented by starlings (mostly European starling [Sturnus vulgaris]) on the Cape Peninsula, sandgrouse (Pterocles spp.) and swifts (Apus spp.) on the Orange River, and mousebirds (Colius spp.) in the Soutpansberg. Cape Peninsula peregrine falcons had the least diverse diet, the narrowest feeding niche and they took the largest proportion of juvenile birds. Peregrine falcons on the Orange River had the broadest feeding niche and preyed mainly on {\textquoteright}commuter{\textquoteright} species rather than sedentary residents. Lanner Falcons in the Soutpansberg took mainly terrestrial or cursorial species, particularly young chickens (Gallus gallus, 40\%; 37\%) and charadriids, but columbids were also important. The diets of sympatric peregrine and lanner falcons overlapped by about 35\%. Peregrines falcons concentrated their foraging on woodland and cliff-dwelling prey, while lanner falcons took mainly open-country species. Close-neighboring pairs of congeners did not obviously affect the food-niche parameters of either species suggesting that they were not actively competing for food.}, keywords = {Aves, Chiroptera, competition, diet, Falco biarmicus, Falco peregrinus, Falconidae, food, Mammalia, Molossidae, niche overlap, predation, Pteropodidae, reproduction, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus hildebrandtii, Rodentia, Sauromys petrophilus, seasonality, South Africa, Tadarida aegyptiaca, Vegetation}, author = {Jenkins, A. R. and Avery, G. M.} } @article {5146, title = {Echolocation calls of twenty southern African bat species}, journal = {S. Afr. J. Zool.}, volume = {34}, number = {3}, year = {1999}, month = {1999a}, pages = {114-124}, abstract = {Echolocation data and sonograms are reported for twenty southern African bat species from 13 localities, recorded with the Pettersson D980 time-expansion bat detector. Data for eight species have not previously been reported. For seven species, two or more individuals were analysed in a range of situations, including hand-held, tethered and free-flying (in a room and in different natural habitats). Sonograms, and seven echolocation call parameters agreed, with a few exceptions, with published data for individual species. Although intraspecific variation in echolocation call structure was documented, species tended to have recognisable {\textquoteright}vocal signatures{\textquoteright}, particularly when dominant frequency and harmonic structure were considered. The latter variables are readily retrieved by time expansion detectors, but not by frequency division or heterodyne detectors. Although generally they should be interpreted with caution, recordings from room-flown (five species) and hand-held (six species) bats obtained during this study matched, reasonably closely, additional recordings and observations of naturally flying individuals of the same species, using time expansion and heterodyne bat detectors. In four species, recordings obtained from a known species flying in a room or hand-held enabled the accurate, a posteriori species identification of unknown call sequences obtained during subsequent general recordings from bat feeding areas.}, keywords = {[Mops] Tadarida midas, [Neoromicia nana] Pipistrellus nanus, [Neoromicia] Eptesicus capensis, [Neoromicia] Eptesicus melckorum, acoustic monitoring, bat detectors, Chaerephon ansorgei, Chaerephon chapini, Chaerephon nigeriae, Chaerephon pumilus, Chiroptera, Cloeotis percivali, echolocation, Emballonuridae, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros caffer, Hipposideros commersoni [vittatus], intraspecific variation, Kerivoula argentata, Laephotis botswanae, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus schreibersii, Molossidae, Mops condylurus, Myotis tricolor, Nycteridae, Nycteris grandis, Nycteris thebaica, Nycteris woodi, Nycticeinops schlieffenii, Otomops martiensseni, Pipistrellus kuhlii [hesperidus], Pipistrellus rueppellii, Pipistrellus rusticus, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus clivosus, Rhinolophus darlingi, Rhinolophus denti, Rhinolophus hildebrandtii, Rhinolophus landeri, Rhinolophus simulator, Rhinolophus swinnyi, Scotophilus dinganii, Scotophilus viridis, South Africa, Tadarida aegyptiaca, Tadarida fulminans, Taphozous mauritianus, Vespertilionidae, Zimbabwe}, author = {Taylor, P. J.} } @article {4527, title = {Ecology of Marburg and Ebola viruses: Speculations and directions for future research}, journal = {J. Inf. Dis.}, volume = {179}, number = {Suppl. 1}, year = {1999}, month = {1999}, pages = {S127-S138}, abstract = {Marburg and virulent Ebola viruses are maintained in hosts that are rare and have little contact with humans or do not readily transmit virus. Bats (particularly solitary microchiropteran species) are leading contenders as reservoir hosts. Virus transfer to humans occurs by contact with the primary reservoir or via an intermediate animal that acquired infection from the reservoir and is, in turn, hunted by humans. An interesting possibility is that filoviruses may be arthropod or plant viruses, with non-blood-feeding arthropods transmitting the virus to intermediate hosts or humans during oral ingestion or envenomation. Paradoxically, in Africa, Ebola virus disease has high lethality and high seroprevalence as determined by the IFA test. If the seroreactivity is confirmed by more specific tests, then the Ebola virus serogroup in Africa probably contains an antigenically cross-reactive, enzootic, nonpathogenic agent(s). Such viruses may have separate life cycles or may give rise to virulent strains by mutation.}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, ecology, Filoviridae, infectious diseases, parasitism, review, virology}, author = {Monath, T. P.} } @article {4145, title = {The Egyptian Vespertilio pipistrellus aegyptius Fischer 1829, a nomen dubium (Mammalia, Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae)}, journal = {Senckenbergiana biol.}, volume = {79}, number = {1}, year = {1999}, month = {1999b}, pages = {101-105}, abstract = {All relevant references to Vespertilio pipistrellus var. beta aegyptius Fischer 1829 render evidence that it is not a senior synoym of Pipistrellus deserti Thomas 1902, but has to be treated as nomen dubium. It cannot convincingly be identified with any Saharo-Sindian vespertilionid species known from or likely to occur in Egypt, the Sudan or in the Middle East.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, distribution, Egypt, Flederm{\"a}use, Mammalia, North Africa, Pipistrellus aegyptius, Pipistrellus deserti, systematics, taxonomy, Verbreitung, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Kock, D.} } @article {2893, title = {The evolutionary history and diversity of Australian mammals}, journal = {Australian Mammalogy}, volume = {21}, number = {1}, year = {1999}, month = {1999}, pages = {1-45}, abstract = {Palaeodiversity and relationships of all groups of Australian mammals are reviewed. The fossil record spanning this time is of variable quality. {\textquoteright}Dark Ages{\textquoteright} about which nothing is known in terms of Australian mammal evolution include the late Triassic to late Jurassic, late Cretaceous to late Paleocene and middle Eocene to middle Oligocene. Very little is known about the early Cretaceous and late Miocene. The late Oligocene to middle Miocene record documents the highest levels of biodiversity known for the continent, comparable to that which characterises the lowland rainforests of Borneo and Brazil. Order Monotremata spans at least the last 110 million years and includes four families. The enigmatic Ausktribosphenos from 115 million-year-old sediments in Victoria may represent an archaic monotreme, specialised peramurid or previously undocumented order of mammals but is unlikely to represent a placental as suggested in the initial description. Order Microbiotheria is represented in the early Eocene (~55 mya) by two genera similar in morphology to early Eocene taxa from Argentina. Order Peramelemorphia spans the early Eocene to Holocene and includes at least five families. Order Dasyuromorphia spans at least the late Oligocene to Holocene and includes at least three families. Other dasyuromorphian-like marsupials are indeterminate in terms of family-level affinities. Order Notoryctemorphia spans the early Miocene to Holocene with one family. Order Yalkaparidontia spans the late Oligocene to middle Miocene with one genus. Order Diprotodontia spans the late Oligocene to Holocene, represented throughout by three major groups: Phalangerida (eight families), Vombatomorphia (seven families) and Macropodoidea (at least three families). A possible placental condylarth (Tingamarra) has been recorded from the early Eocene. An archaeonycteridid bat (Australonycteris) is known from the early Eocene. Among bats, the late Oligocene to middle Miocene is dominated by rhinolophoids, many of which have European, Asian and African affinities. Mystacinids, megadermatids, hipposiderids and molossids are well-represented in the Oligocene to Miocene deposits. Vespertilionids are uncommon in the Oligocene to Miocene but become more diverse in the Pliocene to Holocene. Emballonurids and rhinolophids appear for the first time in the Plio-Pleistocene. Pteropodids are unknown prior to the Holocene. Murids span the early Pliocene to Holocene. In the oldest assemblage at Riversleigh, one undescribed lineage resembles archaic forms otherwise only known from the fossil records of Africa and Eurasia.}, keywords = {Australia, Chiroptera, fossils, Mammalia, palaeontology}, author = {Archer, M. and Arena, R. and Bassarova, M. and Black, K. and Brammall, J. and Cooke, B. and Creaser, P. and Crosby, K. and Gillespie, A. and Godthelp, H. and Gott, M. and Hand, S. J and Kear, B. and Krikmann, A. and Mackness, B. and Muirhead, J. and Musser, A. M. and Myers, T. and Pledge, N. and Wang, Y. and Wroe, S.} } @article {3761, title = {First Australian Pliocene species of Hipposideros (Microchiroptera: Hipposideridae)}, journal = {Rec. West. Aust. Mus.}, volume = {57}, number = {Suppl.}, year = {1999}, month = {1999}, pages = {299-306}, abstract = {A new Australian Pliocene hipposiderid is described on the basis of maxillary fragments representing at least four individuals recovered from Rackham{\textquoteright}s Roost Site, Riversleigh World Heritage property, Lawn Hill National Park, northwestern Queensland. Hipposideros winsburyorum sp. nov. is distinguished from all other Hipposideros species (and all other hipposiderids) by its very large, round infraorbital foramen. Dentally, it shares most similarities with members of the diverse and widespread Hipposideros bicolor group of Hill (1963) as well as Hipposideros megalotis of East Africa and the extinct H. (Syndesmotis) vetus lineage from the middle Miocene of Morocco and Pliocene of France.}, keywords = {Australia, Chiroptera, fossils, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros winsburyorum sp. nov., palaeontology, Pliocene, Queensland, Riversleigh, systematics, Tertiary}, author = {Hand, S. J and Godthelp, H.} } @article {4537, title = {Identification of Ebola virus sequences present as RNA or DNA in organs of terrestrial small mammals of the Central African Republic}, journal = {Microbes and Infection}, volume = {1}, number = {14}, year = {1999}, month = {1999}, pages = {1193-1201}, abstract = {The life cycle of the Ebola (EBO) virus remains enigmatic. We tested for EBO virus in the organs of 242 small mammals captured during ecological studies in the Central African Republic. EBO virus glycoprotein or polymerase gene sequences were detected by reverse transcription PCR in RNA extracts of the organs of seven animals and by PCR in DNA extract of one animal. Neither live virus nor virus antigen was detected in any organ sample. Direct sequencing of amplicons identified the virus as being of the Zaire/Gabon subtype. Virus-like nucleocapsids were observed by electron microscopy in the cytoplasm of the spleen cells of one animal. The animals belonged to two genera of rodents (Muridae; Mus setulosus, Praomys sp1 and P. sp2) and one species of shrew (Soricidae; Sylvisorex ollula). These preliminary results provide evidence that common terrestrial small mammals living in peripheral forest areas have been in contact with the EBO virus and demonstrate the persistence of EBO virus RNA and DNA in the organs of the animals. Our findings should lead to better targeting of research into the life cycle of the EBO virus.}, keywords = {Central Africa, Central African Republic, Chiroptera, Dzanga-Sangha National Park, Ebola, Epomophorus gambianus, Epomops franqueti, Filoviridae, Hipposideridae, Hypsignathus monstrosus, infectious diseases, Mammalia, Megaloglossus woermanni, Micropteropus pusillus, Myonycteris torquata, Pteropodidae, Rousettus aegyptiacus, Vespertilionidae}, url = {Morvan et al. 1999.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1286-4579(99)00242-7}, author = {Morvan, J. M. and Deubel, V. and Gounon, P. and Nakoun{\'e}, E. and Barri{\`e}re, P. and Murri, S. and Perp{\`e}te, O. and Selekon, B. and Coudrier, D. and Gautier-Hion, A. and Colyn, M. and Volekhov, V.} } @article {5417, title = {Lavia frons}, journal = {Mammalian Species}, number = {614}, year = {1999}, month = {1999}, pages = {1-4}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, Lavia frons, Megadermatidae, review}, author = {Vonhof, M. J. and Kalcounis, M. C.} } @article {3411, title = {Mops midas}, journal = {Mammalian Species}, number = {615}, year = {1999}, month = {1999}, pages = {1-4}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, Flederm{\"a}use, Molossidae, review}, author = {Dunlop, J.} } @article {3986, title = {Intraspecific variation in wingspan and echolocation call flexibility might explain the use of different habitats by the insectivorous bat, Miniopterus schreibersii (Vespertilionidae: Miniopterinae)}, journal = {Acta Chiropterologica}, volume = {1}, number = {1}, year = {1999}, month = {1999}, pages = {93-103}, abstract = {On the basis of its long narrow wings, Schreibers{\textquoteright} long-fingered bat (Miniopterus schreibersii) has been characterized as a species, which uses rapid flight in open spaces. Until now, observations of the foraging behavior of this species have supported this view. However, its long narrow wings are combined with relatively low wing loading suggesting that it might be capable of the slow manoeuvrable flight characteristic of species that forage within dense vegetation (i.e. in clutter). At De Hoop Nature Reserve in South Africa, M. schreibersii were trapped in dense vegetation as well as in open areas, prompting my investigation into the morphological basis for the ability of this species to use both kinds of space. The wing parameters and echolocation calls of individuals that were captured in open areas were compared with those that were captured in clutter. Bats captured in clutter had shorter wingspans and therefore lower aspect ratios than individuals captured in open space. A shorter wingspan enables greater manoeuvrability in the confined spaces associated with clutter. In accordance with theoretical predictions, individuals flying in open space used echolocation calls of longer duration and lower mean maximum frequency than individuals flying within clutter. The longer, lower frequency echolocation calls used by bats in open spaces increases the range at which they detect insect prey, which should allow more time to react at the rapid flight speeds used in open space. The use of both open and cluttered spaces in this species thus appears to be based on intraspecific variation in wingspan and individual flexibility in echolocation calls.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, clutter, echolocation, foraging, habitat use, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus natalensis, South Africa, Vegetation, wing morphology}, author = {Jacobs, D. S.} } @article {3716, title = {Nycteris thebaica}, journal = {Mammalian Species}, number = {61}, year = {1999}, month = {1999}, pages = {1-8}, keywords = {Africa, behaviour, Chiroptera, diet, distribution, ecology, Flederm{\"a}use, identification key, Mammalia, morphology, Nahrung, Nycteridae, Nycteris thebaica, reproduction, review, systematics, taxonomy}, author = {Gray, P. A. and Fenton, M. B. and Van Cakenberghe, V.} } @article {4234, title = {Rousettus egyptiacus}, journal = {Mammalian Species}, number = {611}, year = {1999}, month = {1999}, pages = {1-9}, keywords = {Africa, behaviour, Chiroptera, distribution, ecology, identification key, Mammalia, morphology, Pteropodidae, review, Rousettus aegyptiacus, systematics, taxonomy}, author = {Kwiecinski, G. G. and Griffiths, T. A.} } @book {3735, title = {Mammals of Ghana, Sierra Leone, and The Gambia}, year = {1999}, month = {1999 [for 1998]}, pages = {265}, publisher = {The Trendine Press}, organization = {The Trendine Press}, address = {Zennor, St. Ives}, keywords = {Chiroptera, distribution, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, Mammalia, morphology, Pteropodidae, species richness, systematics, taxonomy, Verbreitung, West Africa}, author = {Grubb, P. and Jones, T. S. and Davies, A. G. and Edberg, E. and Starin, E. D. and Hill, J. Edwards} } @article {2873, title = {Mammals of the eastern Niger Delta (Rivers and Bayelsa States, Nigeria): An environment affected by a gas-pipeline}, journal = {Folia Zool.}, volume = {48}, number = {4}, year = {1999}, month = {1999}, pages = {249-264}, abstract = {A study of the ecology and distribution of the mammal fauna in the Niger Delta region of southeastern Nigeria (Port Harcourt territory, Rivers, and Bayelsa States) was conducted as part of a larger environmental project withgas and oil production industries. Mammalian biodiversity at ten study localities was assessed by means of standardized transects, mammal trapping, interviews, sightings, and other signs of presence. Twenty-six species were recorded for the first time in the study area and six species recently found by previous authors, were confirmed. The study localities varied significantly in terms of both abundance and species diversity, dominance and evenness indices. Generally these differences can be attributed to differences in environmental characteristics. Primary and secondary rainforest, both dryand swamp types, housed significantly more species than mangroves. In terms of conservation, we found the mammal fauna of this area remarkably important. According to recent IUCN criteria, the presence of two Critically Endangered (CR) species (Panthera pardus, Tragelaphus spekii), and five Endangered (EN) species (Potamogale velox, Cercopithecus sclateri, Cercocebus torquatus, Procolobus badius epieni, Trichechus senegalensis) was also noteworthy.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Epomophorus gambianus, Epomops franqueti, Flederm{\"a}use, Mammalia, Megaloglossus woermanni, Molossidae, Mops thersites, Nycteridae, Nycteris hispida, Pteropodidae, Scotonycteris zenkeri, Scotophilus viridis, Vespertilionidae, West Africa}, author = {Angelici, F. M. and Grimod, I. and Politano, E} } @article {3140, title = {Metabolism and thermoregulation of individual and clustered long-fingered bats, Miniopterus schreibersii, and the implications for roosting}, journal = {S. Afr. J. Zool.}, volume = {34}, number = {4}, year = {1999}, month = {1999}, pages = {166-172}, abstract = {Oxygen consumption of individual long-fingered bats, Miniopterus schreibersii, was measured at air temperatures (Ta) between 2 and 42{\textdegree}C and that of clusters of four and six bats between 5 and 30{\textdegree}C. BMR of individuals was estimated to be 2.29 ml O2 g-1 h-1 between 34 and about 38{\textdegree}C. M. schreibersii showed two different responses to Ta either maintaining body temperature (Tb) by increasing metabolic rate, or allowing Tb to fall close to ambient temperature and conserving energy (torpor). Euthermic clusters of four and six bats had lower rates of mass-specific oxygen consumption and lower thermal conductances than individuals at equivalent temperatures and torpid clusters maintained a greater temperature differential between Tb and Ta. Lowest rates of metabolism were measured for euthermic bats at air temperatures higher than those available to them in their natural roost in summer, so typical roost temperatures result in metabolic rates that are about 2.4-3.1 times estimated BMR. Roost temperatures of M. schreibersii in South Africa are substantially higher in winter than are generally accepted as being suitable for hibernation but these do not substantially affect torpid metabolic rates, which are low and independent of ambient temperature below 22{\textdegree}C. Clearly at least some species of insectivorous bats are capable of hibernating at temperatures generally considered to be too warm for this activity.}, keywords = {basal metabolic rate, Chiroptera, clustering, day roosts, hibernation, microclimate, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus schreibersii, physiology, South Africa, temperature, thermoregulation, torpor}, author = {Brown, C. R.} } @article {5098, title = {Microfaunal remains from a modern East African raptor roost: Patterning and implications for fossil bone scatters}, journal = {Paleobiology}, volume = {25}, number = {4}, year = {1999}, month = {1999}, pages = {483-503}, abstract = {Fish eagles (genus Haliaeetus) potentially have contributed the bones of their prey to many late Cenozoic concentrations of vertebrate microfossils. To evaluate possible biases in the taxa and skeletal elements preserved in assemblages accumulated by fish eagles, which could affect paleoecological and evolutionary interpretations derived from Cenozoic microfaunal localities, a sample of 1883 bones accumulated by modern African fish eagles (H. vocifer) was collected from a roost near Lake Turkana, Kenya. Characteristics of the bone assemblage include (1) taxonomic composition dominated by fish; (2) diverse but small-sized and ecologically restricted animals including inshore fish, aquatic birds, very small nocturnal mammals (which may have been contributed by other raptors), and small reptiles (possible predators on the roost); (3) poor survivorship for specific categories of skeletal elements; (4) considerable bone breakage for all but the smallest animals; and (5) a distinctive pattern of postcranial fragmentation for bird and mammal elements. The fish eagle element profile has some similarities to those of other diurnal raptors, but its cumulative signature can be distinguished from those of other bone accumulators and includes characteristics that would also be manifest in fossil assemblages. Examination of fossil microfaunas from the Plio-Pleistocene localities of Kanapoi (Kenya), Inolelo (Tanzania), and Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania) shows that the patterns of element preservation for Kanapoi and Inolelo do not match those of the Lake Turkana fish eagle roost. Nonetheless, some aspects of the Olduvai Gorge FLKN assemblage show taxonomic and skeletal similarites. In light of the selective choices of prey by fish eagles, the fauna recovered from Olduvai Gorge FLKN might not accurately reflect faunal diversity or patterns of abundance at this locality during the Pleistocene. Because fish eagles of the genus Haliaeetus are found on three continents, have a fossil record extending to the Miocene, and deposit bones in a habitat conductive to preservation, the taxa preserved at many other late Cenozoic microfaunal sites also might be biased. Therefore, taphonomic profiles of late Cenozoic microfaunal assemblages should be compared against the taphonomic profiles typical of fish eagle roosts before faunal characterizations of sites are applied in analyses of paleoecological evolution.}, keywords = {Amphibia, Aves, Chiroptera, diet, East Africa, food, fossils, Haliaeetus vocifer, Kenya, Lagomorpha, Mammalia, palaeontology, Pisces, predation, Reptilia, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus sp., Rodentia, Soricidae, taphonomy}, url = {Stewart et al. 1999.pdf http://www.jstor.org/stable/2666051}, author = {Stewart, K. M. and Leblanc, L. and Matthiesen, D. P. and West, J.} } @article {2819, title = {Molecular phylogeny and morphological homoplasy in fruitbats}, journal = {Mol. Biol. Evol.}, volume = {16}, number = {8}, year = {1999}, month = {1999}, pages = {1061-1067}, abstract = {The present study evaluates the evolutionary framework of the Old World fruitbats based on the cytochrome b and 16S rRNA mitochondrial gene sequences from a wide range of taxa. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that morphology-based subfamilies and most suprageneric groups are nonnatural assemblages. They also support the existence of an endemic African clade of fruitbats. The discrepancy between the evolutionary relationships yielded by molecular and morphological data sets may be, at least in part, explained by the recurrent retention of primitive morphology (Rousettus-like) across different lineages. The maintenance of primitive characters in different groups of flying foxes, as well as morphological convergence in nectar-feeding bats and possibly also in short-muzzle bats, may have led to high levels of homoplasy, resulting in misleading taxonomic arrangements. This may be particularly so with respect to high taxonomic levels based on morphological characters.}, keywords = {Aethalops, Africa, Asia, Balionycteris, Chiroptera, Cynopterus, distribution, Dobsonia, Eidolon, Eonycteris, Epomophorus, Epomops, evolution, Lissonycteris, Macroglossus, Mammalia, Megaerops, Megaloglossus, Melonycteris, Micropteropus, molecular genetics, morphology, Myonycteris, Nyctimene, phylogeny, Pteropodidae, Pteropus, Syconycteris, systematics, taxonomy, Verbreitung, zoogeography}, author = {{\'A}lvarez, Y. and Juste B., J. and Tabar{\'e}s, E. and Garrido-Pertierra, A. and Ib{\'a}{\~n}ez, C. and Bautista, J. M.} } @book {4792, title = {Morcegos da Guin{\'e}-Bissau: Um Contributo para o seu Conhecimento}, year = {1999}, month = {1999}, pages = {72}, publisher = {IUCN \& ICN}, organization = {IUCN \& ICN}, address = {Lisboa}, keywords = {Chiroptera, conservation, distribution, ecology, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, Guinea Bissau, habitat preferences, Mammalia, Pteropodidae, species richness, Vegetation, Verbreitung, West Africa}, author = {Rainho, A. and Franco, C.} } @article {3666, title = {Notes on the bats of the Reserve Naturelle Integrale d{\textquoteright}Andohahela and surrounding areas of southeastern Madagascar}, journal = {Fieldiana: Zoology n.s.}, volume = {94}, number = {1503}, year = {1999}, month = {1999}, pages = {251-257}, abstract = {Four bat species were collected in the Reserve Naturelle Integrale d{\textquoteright}Andohahela: Rousettus madagascariensis, Miniopterus manavi, Mormopterus jugularis, and Myotis goudoti. With the exception of Mormopterus, all were obtained in the humid forest portions of the reserve (parcel 1); Mormopterus was netted in an area of spiny bush vegetation (parcel 2). The humid forest species are broadly distributed across the island and occur in both forested and disturbed areas. An analysis of the forest-dwelling bat faunas known from several eastern humid forest sites indicates that species richness is low and that there is little change in the community across this region, which covers about 12{\textdegree} of latitude.}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros commersonii, Madagascar, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus manavi, Molossidae, Mormopterus jugularis, Myotis goudoti, Pteropodidae, Rousettus madagascariensis, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Goodman, S. M.} } @article {4056, title = {Phylogeography of African fruitbats (Megachiroptera)}, journal = {Mol. Phylog. Evol.}, volume = {13}, number = {3}, year = {1999}, month = {1999}, pages = {596-604}, abstract = {Joint sequences from the mitochondrial cytochrome b and 16S rRNA genes of a wide representation of Megachiroptera were employed to evaluate the traditional taxonomic arrangement of African fruitbats and to examine their origins and evolutionary relationships. The resulting phylogenetic hypotheses are inconsistent with the previously established morphology-based subdivisions of Megachiroptera at the suprageneric level. Findings indicate the existence of an African clade, which appears to be formed by two endemic clades: the epomophorines and the myonycterines. According to our topologies, the genus Rousettus is monospecific in mainland Africa. Its traditional subgenera Stenonycteris and Lissonycteris appear closer to the myonycterines than to Rousettus. Topologies also indicate that the African genus Eidolon is not phylogenetically related to any other African fruitbat. It would seem that the arrival of fruitbats in Africa was a complex process involving at least three independent colonization events. One event took place probably in the Miocene via forested corridors that connected the African and Asian rain forest blocks, as for other groups of mammals. The resulting lineage diversified into most of the extant African fruitbats. Related to this clade, the Rousettus species group is thought to have arrived in Africa in more recent times, possibly by progressive displacement from the East through India. Finally, the present topologies suggest an independent colonization of Africa by ancestors of Eidolon.}, keywords = {Africa, biogeography, Chiroptera, distribution, evolution, genetics, Mammalia, phylogeny, Pteropodidae, radiation, speciation, systematics, taxonomy}, author = {Juste B., J. and {\'A}lvarez, Y. and Tabar{\'e}s, E. and Garrido-Pertierra, A. and Ib{\'a}{\~n}ez, C. and Bautista, J. M.} } @article {4465, title = {Predictions of mammal diversity on four land masses}, journal = {Conserv. Biol.}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, year = {1999}, month = {1999}, pages = {143-149}, abstract = {Knowledge about the number of living species fundamental to the practice of conservation biology, but we are far from knowing the number of species even for relatively well-known groups such as mammals. We analyzed a database that contained information on the year of description, distribution, size class, and taxonomic order of each known mammalian species. Our goal was to predict the size class, order, and number of mammalian species on each of four land masses-America, Eurasia, Africa, Oceania. We constructed cumulative functions of species described versus year of description, and we fitted a logarithmic model to calculate instantaneous rates of species description in 1992 and 2032 and to estimate the number of species to be described in each group in the 40-year interval. Africa and Eurasia bad the highest absolute number of species today and the greatest number of species expected to be described in species-rich orders (except for Rodentia, in which the highest number of known and expected species was in the American land mass). Per unit area, Oceania had the highest number of known species and the greatest number of species expected to be described. Our estimates, based on the historical patterns of species accumulation, place the total number of mammalian species in the year 2032 at 4875, which is 247 more than in 1992. The majority of the new species will be small (<100g) and will be in the orders Insectivora, Chiroptera, and Rodentia. Our analyses will help identify particular groups and land masses for which field surveys, conservation efforts, and taxonomic study deserve particular attention.}, keywords = {accumulation curves, body size, Chiroptera, extrapolation, insectivory, Mammalia, Rodentia, species descriptions, species richness, systematics, taxonomy}, author = {Medell{\'{\i}n, R. A. and Sober{\'o}n, J.} } @article {5145, title = {Problems with the identification of southern African Chaerephon (Molossidae), and the possibility of a cryptic species from South Africa and Swaziland}, journal = {Acta Chiropterologica}, volume = {1}, number = {2}, year = {1999}, month = {1999b}, pages = {191-200}, abstract = {Examination of recent collections of bats from KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa) and Swaziland, provisionally referred to Chaerephon cf. pumilus, reveals considerable variability in pelage colour (either greyish-brown or reddish-brown) and certain diagnostic characters of the skull and teeth from previous keys, in particular the degree of emargination of the anterior edge of the palate and the length of the maxillary toothrow. Based on the previously used key for southern African Molossidae, some specimens show diagnostic characters attributed to Chaerephon ansorgei and C. nigeriae, but in other characters, such as colour, forearm length, skull size, and relative mandible thickness, they clearly do not belong to either of these species. The obtained results suggest that the previously widely used key is inadequate for southern African Chaerephon, and a cryptic species, closely related to C. pumilus but with a partially or completely emarginated palatal condition, slightly larger forearm and skull size, better developed postaural crest, and high frequency of reddish-brown-coloured individuals, may occur in South Africa and Swaziland. A more extensive review is required to determine the relationships of this cryptic form to other African forms of the highly variable C. pumilus species-complex. A revised key to southern African Chaerephon species is presented.}, keywords = {Chaerephon ansorgei, Chaerephon nigeriae, Chaerephon pumilus, Chiroptera, distribution, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, identification key, Mammalia, Molossidae, South Africa, Swaziland, systematics, taxonomy, Verbreitung}, author = {Taylor, P. J.} } @article {3238, title = {Reproductive ecology of Commerson{\textquoteright}s leaf-nosed bats Hipposideros commersoni (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) in South-Central Africa: Interactions between seasonality and large body size; and implications for conservation}, journal = {S. Afr. J. Zool.}, volume = {34}, number = {2}, year = {1999}, month = {1999}, pages = {53-63}, abstract = {The annual cycle and reproductive ecology of a large population of Commerson{\textquoteright}s leaf-nosed bats, Hipposideros commersoni, was studied in central Zimbabwe. The influence of the extremely large body size of this microchiropteran, interrelating with a seasonal, tropical environment, was the central theme of this study. Adaptive responses to seasonal environmental changes differed between reproducing adults of the sexes. Reproductive females dispersed twice during the annual cycle, while in contrast adult males reduced activity during the cool, dry season. A polygynous mating system was characterised by breeding males defending demarcated territories within the daylight roost. Synchronized parturitions within maternity roosts (in late October) created a hot, humid microclimate which facilitated rapid post-natal development of neonates. The large body size of H. commersoni is suggested to have evolved in response to different selective agents, including: Availability of large, hard shelled arthropods as prey; energetic constraints; and availability of fat reserves to {\textquoteright}ride out{\textquoteright} inclement periods when food is limiting. Sexual selection may be the ultimate cause of a large body size. The conservation of H. commersoni is discussed given the history and pressures for guano exploitation of their breeding caves and the keystone role of these large bats in transferring nutrients and energy into the cavernicolous ecosystems where they roost and breed.}, keywords = {activity patterns, caves, Chiroptera, diet, ecology, energetics, evolution, Flederm{\"a}use, foraging, habitat preferences, Hangpl{\"a}tze, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros vittatus, Mammalia, mating systems, morphology, reproduction, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus simulator, roosting behaviour, seasonality, social organization, Southern Africa, Zimbabwe}, author = {Cotterill, F. P. D. and Fergusson, R. A.} } @article {3110, title = {Resource use by two morphologically similar insectivorous bats (Nycteris thebaica and Hipposideros caffer)}, journal = {S. Afr. J. Zool.}, volume = {34}, number = {1}, year = {1999}, month = {1999}, pages = {27-33}, abstract = {Studies of morphologically dissimilar insectivorous bats have lead to the conclusion that morphology is the prime correlate of habitat use, and consequently of diet. This has lead to the prediction that morphologically similar bats should have similar diets. We examined the diet and morphology of two morphologically similar species, the slit-faced bat, Nycteris thebaica, and Sundevall{\textquoteright}s leaf-nosed bat, Hipposideros caffer, in the context of this prediction. Although both species foraged in the same habitat, they had distinctly different diets. The diet of N. thebaica consisted mainly of non-volant prey, primarily orthopterans and arachnids, and the diet of H. caffer, mainly of moths. Differences in wing design between the two taxa were small. The only significant difference was in aspect ratio. There were no differences in wing loading and wingtip shape ratio between the two species. The flying abilities reported for these two species are very similar, suggesting that these small differences in wing design do not translate into differences in flying ability, and cannot explain the dietary differences between these two species. On the other hand, there are marked differences in their prey detection systems which correspond to differences in their diets. H. caffer uses echolocation to detect the flapping wings of insect prey, whereas N. thebaica depends on prey-generated sounds (fluttering or scuffling) to locate its targets.}, keywords = {behaviour, Beutespektrum, Chiroptera, diet, echolocation, ecology, Flederm{\"a}use, foraging, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros caffer, Mammalia, Nahrung, Nahrungsspektrum, Nycteridae, Nycteris thebaica, prey detection, prey selection, South Africa, wing morphology}, author = {Bowie, R. C. K. and Jacobs, D. S. and Taylor, P. J.} } @article {5147, title = {The role of amateurs in the growth of bat conservation and research in South Africa}, journal = {S. Afr. J. Zool.}, volume = {34}, number = {1}, year = {1999}, month = {1999c}, pages = {19-26}, abstract = {During the 1980s and 1990s, Britain experienced an unprecedented increase in scientific and public interest in bat conservation, culminating in 90 {\textquoteright}bat groups{\textquoteright} by 1992. In South Africa, bats are poorly protected or unprotected, and most of the country{\textquoteright}s 54 species are poorly known. With the formation of bat interest groups in Kwa-Zulu-Natal and Gauteng in 1994 and 1995, the British {\textquoteright}bat group{\textquoteright} conservation model was applied in a South African context. The primary aim of South African bat groups has been to promote bats, bat research and bat conservation through public participation and education, and the training of amateur {\textquoteright}bat workers{\textquoteright} by scientists. I evaluate the success of this approach, based on activities of the Durban Bat Interest Group (DBIG) over four years (1994-1997 inclusive), and on estimates of media impact available for 1994-1996 inclusive. The number of public activities increased by between 14\% and 44\% per year. Some 12 million South Africans have been exposed to a positive message about bats. A database containing 316 bat roost visit records from 239 individual bat roosts (mostly in buildings) has been compiled. Two species of bats were recorded for the first time in South Africa. Conservation efforts have focussed on a roof-dwelling species restricted to the Durban area, the large-eared free-tailed bat (Otomops martiensseni); this species and one other, the short-eared trident bat, Cloeotis percivali, have recently been protected in terms of provincial legislation.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, conservation, South Africa}, author = {Taylor, P. J.} } @article {3699, title = {The role of roosts as hotspots in court-displaying Hypsignathus monstrosus}, journal = {Bat Research News}, volume = {40}, number = {4}, year = {1999}, month = {1999}, pages = {172}, keywords = {Chiroptera, C{\^o}te d{\textquoteright}Ivoire, Hypsignathus monstrosus, Ivory Coast, Pteropodidae, Ta{\"{\i} National Park, West Africa}, author = {Gordon, T. T.} } @article {5142, title = {The role of the fruit bat, Eidolon helvum, in seed survivorship and germination in Milicia excelsa, a threatened West African hardwood}, journal = {Bat Research News}, volume = {40}, number = {4}, year = {1999}, month = {1999}, pages = {194-195}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Eidolon helvum, Ghana, iroko, Pteropodidae, seed dispersal, West Africa}, author = {Taylor, D. A. R. and Kankam, B. O. and Wagner, M. R.} } @article {5149, title = {Roost habitat evaluation and distribution of bats (Chiroptera) in the Durban Metropolitan Region}, journal = {Durban Mus. Novit.}, volume = {24}, year = {1999}, month = {1999b}, pages = {62-71}, abstract = {Based on data collected between 1994 and 1998 by a number of volunteers, distribution patterns and roost habitat preferences within the Durban Metropolitan Region (DMR) were investigated for 16 species of bats for which one or more roosts were visited during the study. Notwithstanding sampling biases, house roosts ({\textquoteright}anthrophilic{\textquoteright}) were most commonly recorded, followed by tree roosts ({\textquoteright}phytophilic{\textquoteright}) and underground cave-like roosts ({\textquoteright}lithophilic{\textquoteright}). Estimates of roost entrance height, facing direction and colony size varied widely within and between species. Species distribution patterns of roosts within the DMR were compared with individual specimen records of bats collected during a rabies scare in 1980/1981. The highest density of roosts was recorded in the Berea suburb close to the city centre, on the slopes of a prominent ridge featuring a number of older double-storey houses (suitable for house-roosting species) and tall exotic trees (suitable for tree-roosting species). The six species which were most frequently recorded in roosts visited in residential areas of Durban were: Epomophorus wahlbergi (29 roosts), Taphozous mauritianus (28 roosts), Chaerephon pumila (26 roosts), Otomops martiensseni (24 roosts), Scotophilus dinganii (14 roosts), and Tadarida aegyptiaca (five roosts). Analysis of spatial aggregation of roosts for five species revealed clumped patterns in four cases, and a random distribution in the fifth. Observed differences in distribution patterns between species could be explained by sampling biases, inter-specific competition, differing habitat requirements, and differing abilities of different species and families of bats to withstand colder temperatures by means of hibernation and torpor.}, keywords = {Chaerephon pumilus, Chiroptera, day roosts, Emballonuridae, Epomophorus wahlbergi, Molossidae, Otomops martiensseni, Pteropodidae, roosting, Scotophilus dinganii, South Africa, Tadarida aegyptiaca, Taphozous mauritianus, urban ecology, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Taylor, P. J. and Cheney, C. and Sapsford, C.} } @booklet {4494, title = {S{\"a}ugetiere des S{\"u}dlichen Afrika. Eine Illustierte Enzyklop{\"a}die}, year = {1999}, month = {1999}, pages = {365}, publisher = {K{\"o}nemann Verlagsgesellschaft}, address = {K{\"o}ln}, keywords = {Botswana, Chiroptera, Mammalia, Mozambique, Namibia, Southern Africa, Zimbabwe}, author = {Mills, M. G. L. and Hess, L.} } @article {3120, title = {A search for Ebola virus in animals in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Cameroon: Ecologic, virologic, and serologic surveys, 1979-1980}, journal = {J. Inf. Dis.}, volume = {179}, number = {Suppl. 1}, year = {1999}, note = {See Richman et al. 1982}, month = {1999}, pages = {139-147}, abstract = {More than 30 years after the first outbreak of Marburg virus disease in Germany and Yugoslavia and 20 years after Ebola hemorrhagic fever first occurred in central Africa, the natural history of filoviruses remains unknown. In 1979 and 1980, animals in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Cameroon were collected during the dry season near the site of the 1976 Ebola hemorrhagic fever epidemic. The study objectives were to identify local animals and search for evidence of Ebola virus in their tissues. A total of 1664 animals representing 117 species was collected, including >400 bats and 500 rodents. Vero and CV-1 cells and IFA and RIA were used for virus and antibody detection, respectively. No evidence of Ebola virus infection was found. This study was limited in time and animal collections and excluded insects and plants. Long-term, prospective, multidisciplinary comparative studies will yield more information than will repeat short forays on the ecology of filoviruses.}, keywords = {Cameroon, Central Africa, Chaerephon chapini, Chaerephon major, Chiroptera, Congo (Kinshasa), distribution, ecology, Eidolon helvum, Emballonuridae, Epomops franqueti, Flederm{\"a}use, Glauconycteris sp., Hipposideridae, Hipposideros commersoni, Hipposideros cyclops, Hipposideros ruber, Hypsignathus monstrosus, infectious diseases, Kerivoula lanosa, Mammalia, Megaloglossus woermanni, Molossidae, Mops condylurus, Mops congicus, Mops nanulus, Mops thersites, Myonycteris torquata, Myotis bocagii, Neoromicia nana, Neoromicia rendalli, Neoromicia tenuipinnis, Nycteridae, Nycteris sp., Pteropodidae, Saccolaimus peli, Scotophilus sp., species richness, Taphozous mauritianus, Verbreitung, Vespertilionidae, virology}, author = {Breman, J. G. and Johnson, K. M. and Van Der Groen, G. and Robbins, C. B. and Szczeniowski, M. V. and Ruti, K. and Webb, P. A. and Meier, F. and Heymann, D. L. and Ebola Virus Study Teams,} } @article {4314, title = {Search for the Ebola virus reservoir in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo: Reflections on a vertebrate collection}, journal = {J. Inf. Dis.}, volume = {179}, number = {Suppl. 1}, year = {1999}, note = {See Van Cakenberghe et al. 1999}, month = {1999}, pages = {S155-S163}, abstract = {A 3-month ecologic investigation was done to identify the reservoir of Ebola virus following the 1995 outbreak in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Efforts focused on the fields where the putative primary case had worked but included other habitats near Kikwit. Samples were collected from 3066 vertebrates and tested for the presence of antibodies to Ebola (subtype Zaire) virus: All tests were negative, and attempts to isolate Ebola virus were unsuccessful. The investigation was hampered by a lack of information beyond the daily activities of the primary case, a lack of information on Ebola virus ecology, which precluded the detailed study of select groups of animals, and sample-size limitations for rare species. The epidemiology of Ebola hemorrhagic fever suggests that humans have only intermittent contact with the virus, which complicates selection of target species. Further study of the epidemiology of human outbreaks to further define the environmental contact of primary cases would be of great value.}, keywords = {Casinycteris argynnis, Central Africa, Chaerephon ansorgei, Chaerephon pumilus, Chiroptera, Congo (Kinshasa), Epomops franqueti, Megaloglossus woermanni, Micropteropus pusillus, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus minor, Molossidae, Mops condylurus, Mops nanulus, Mops niveiventer, Mops thersites, Myopterus whitleyi, Myotis bocagii, Neoromicia nanus, Neoromicia somalicus, Neoromicia tenuipinnis, Nycteridae, Nycteris hispida, Pteropodidae, Scotophilus dinganii, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Leirs, H. and Mills, J. N. and Krebs, J. W. and Childs, J. E. and Akaibe, D. and Woollen, N. and Ludwig, G. and Peters, C. J. and Ksiazek, T. G.} } @article {3148, title = {Seasonal and daily variation in blood and urine concentrations of free-ranging Angolan free-tailed bats (Mops condylurus) in hot roosts in southern Africa}, journal = {S. Afr. J. Zool.}, volume = {34}, number = {1}, year = {1999}, month = {1999}, pages = {11-18}, abstract = {Urine and plasma concentrations and haematocrits were measured in free-ranging Angolan free-tailed bats (Mops condylurus) inhabiting thermally-challenging roosts in the Komatipoort region of South Africa. Samples were collected in both autumn and summer, from bats caught emerging from roosts before feeding (pre-feeding), and those returning after foraging (post-prandial). Post-prandial bats exhibited higher body fluid concentrations, but lower haematocrits, than individuals caught prior to feeding, reflecting raised excretory mineral and nitrogenous loads and replenishment of body water pools during nocturnal foraging. Pre-feeding concentrations of both urine (2637 {\textpm} 506 mOsm/kg; n = 16) and plasma (331.5 {\textpm} 25.9mOsm/kg; n = 24) were significantly higher in summer than autumn (urine: 2157 {\textpm}454mOsm/kg; n = 8; plasma: 294.5 {\textpm} 35.2 mOsm/kg; n = 18) reflecting the greater dehydration stresses within hotter roost microclimates, and a moderate kidney concentrating ability in this species. Haematocrits of pre-feeding animals were not, however, influenced by season and in both instances exceeded 53\%, indicative of the higher oxygen carrying capacity needed for sustained flight in volant insectivores and also the defense of the rheological properties of blood. The ability of Mops condylurus to withstand a thermally-challenging roost milieu reflects, in part, its tolerance to dehydration, rather than the maintenance of water balance through exceptional renal concentrating ability.}, keywords = {behaviour, blood, Chiroptera, day roosts, ecology, Flederm{\"a}use, foraging, habitat preferences, Mammalia, metabolism, Molossidae, Mops condylurus, physiology, roosting behaviour, South Africa, urine}, author = {Buffenstein, R. and Maloney, S. K. and Bronner, G. N.} } @article {3409, title = {Seed dispersal and potential forest succession in abandoned agriculture in tropical Africa}, journal = {Ecological Applications}, volume = {9}, number = {3}, year = {1999}, month = {1999}, pages = {998-1008}, abstract = {Natural forest succession on human-disturbed lands is often slow because the resources necessary for succession are depleted. In such landscapes, forest succession may be dependent on arrival of seeds from off-site, many of which are dispersed by fruit-eating animals. We studied bat and bird seed dispersal in a deforested agricultural area adjacent to Kibale National Park, Uganda. Seed rain was monitored for 6 mo in short (<0.5 m) and tall (2-5 m) grassland, and below short (1-3.5 m), medium (3.5-10.0 m), and tall (>=10.0 m) isolated trees within grassland. Seed rain (numbers of seeds and seed species) under trees of all heights was greater than in short or tall grasslands. Bats dispersed seeds mostly below tall trees, while birds dispersed seeds mostly below both tall and midsized trees. More seeds and seed species were dispersed under tall trees than below short trees. Within 150 m of the forest there was no relationship between the seed rain under trees and the distance to the forest edge. Nearly half of the >11 200 seeds collected were from hemiepiphytic Ficus that are unable to grow from the ground. One-third of collected seeds were from shrubs, and most of the remainder were from trees. Nearly all tree and shrub seeds collected (>99\%) were species typically found in disturbed grassland, not in forest. These results suggest that in this African region, forest succession may proceed very slowly on degraded lands.}, keywords = {animal-plant interactions, Aves, behaviour, Chiroptera, deforestation, disturbance, East Africa, ecology, Ficus, figs, foraging, forest regeneration, forest succession, frugivory, habitat preferences, Kibale-National Park, Pteropodidae, seed dispersal, Uganda, Vegetation}, author = {Duncan, R. S. and Chapman, C. A.} } @book {3916, title = {Small mammal survey in Ankasa and Bia protected areas}, year = {1999}, note = {Project No. 6 ACP/GH 045}, month = {1999 [for 1998]}, pages = {v+67 pp.}, publisher = {Protected Areas Development Programme}, organization = {Protected Areas Development Programme}, address = {Western Region, Ghana}, keywords = {behaviour, biodiversity, Chiroptera, conservation, distribution, ecology, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, Ghana, habitat preferences, Mammalia, Pteropodidae, Rodentia, species richness, Verbreitung, West Africa}, author = {Holbech, L. H. and ULG Consultants Ltd.,} } @article {3127, title = {Survival tactics within thermally-challenging roosts: Heat tolerance and cold sensitivity in the Angolan free-tailed bat, Mops condylurus}, journal = {S. Afr. J. Zool.}, volume = {34}, number = {1}, year = {1999}, month = {1999}, pages = {1-10}, abstract = {We studied roost microclimates, thermal preferences and temperature-related variation in body temperatures and flight abilities of M. condylurus from three roosts in man-made structures in South Africa. Roosts were characterized by marked spatio-temporal variability in ambient temperature and relative humidity on a daily and seasonal basis. Microclimates were thermally challenging, being very hot (>40{\textdegree}C) for several hours daily in summer and autumn, and cold (<10{\textdegree}C) for much of the night in winter. Thermal preference tests revealed that the bats actively selected temperature zones (35{\textdegree}-42{\textdegree}C) in which basal metabolic rate could be maintained, and above the minimum necessary for sustained flight. This presumably allowed them to minimize energy costs of thermoregulation without compromising reproductive activity or their ability to avoid predators. Bats displayed pronounced heat tolerance and hyperthermia in response to prolonged experimental exposure to high temperatures (40{\textdegree}C). They also exhibited cold-sensitivity, characterized by hypothermia and entry into torpor, when exposed to ambient temperatures below the thermal neutral zone. This response to low ambient temperatures would conserve energy in cold periods when the high energetic costs of foraging may not be met owing to reduced insect availability. We hypothesize that this broad roosting tolerance has energetic, ecological and evolutionary benefits that outweigh attendant disadvantages, which are largely compensated for by an unusual physiology.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, day roosts, humidity, microclimate, Molossidae, Mops condylurus, physiology, South Africa, temperature, thermal preference, thermoregulation, torpor}, author = {Bronner, G. N. and Maloney, S. K. and Buffenstein, R.} } @article {4401, title = {Thermoregulation in the Angolan free-tailed bat Mops condylurus: A small mammal that uses hot roosts}, journal = {Physiological \& Biochemical Zoology}, volume = {72}, number = {4}, year = {1999}, month = {1999}, pages = {385-396}, abstract = {The Angolan free-tailed bat (Mops condylurus) uses roosts that often exceed 40{\textdegree}C, an ambient temperature (Ta) that is lethal to many microchiropterans. We measured the physiological responses of this species at Ta{\textquoteright}s from 15{\textdegree} to 45{\textdegree}C. Torpor was commonly employed during the day at the lower Ta, but the bats generally remained euthermic at night, with a mean body temperature (Tb) of 35.2{\textdegree}C. Metabolic rate reflected the pattern of Tb, increasing with falling Ta at night but decreasing during the day. Metabolic rate and evaporative losses were lower in torpid than in euthermic bats. Body temperature increased at each Ta>35{\textdegree}C and was 43{\textdegree}C at Ta of 45{\textdegree}C. At Ta of 40{\textdegree}C bats increased dry thermal conductance and evaporative heat loss compared to lower Ta. At 45{\textdegree}C dry thermal conductance was lower than at 40{\textdegree}C and evaporative heat loss was 132\% of metabolic heat production. At high Ta there was only a slight increase in metabolic rate despite the employment of evaporative cooling mechanisms and an increase in Tb. Collectively our results suggest that M. condylurus is well suited to tolerate high Ta, and this may enable it to exploit thermally challenging roost sites and to colonise habitats and exploit food sources where less stressful roosts are limiting.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, energetics, metabolic rate, Molossidae, Mops condylurus, South Africa, thermoregulation, torpor}, author = {Maloney, S. K. and Bronner, G. N. and Buffenstein, R.} } @article {2916, title = {An assessment of the Lower Pleistocene micromammalian fauna from Swartkrans members 1-3, Gauteng, South Africa}, journal = {Geobios}, volume = {31}, number = {3}, year = {1998}, month = {1998}, pages = {393-414}, abstract = {An assessment of the micromammalian fauna from Swartkrans Cave, Gauteng, South Africa reveals the presence of at least 29 species, comprising four insectivores, four bats, three elephant-shrews and 18 rodents. Proodontomys cookei seems to be the only definitely extinct taxon represented. All the other taxa may be modern and require re-analysis using current taxonomic methods. A review of the status of Lower Pleistocene micromammalian taxonomy in South Africa indicates the need for a complete revision. This, in turn, brings with it the opportunity to develop species definitions that apply equally to fossil and extant material. It is argued that such an approach is essential if the fossil data are to aid our understanding of the history of biodiversity and endemism. The present paper begins the exercise by providing a general background for future detailed studies of the individual taxa.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Eptesicus cf. hottentotus, fossils, Mammalia, Myotis cf. tricolor, palaeontology, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus sp., South Africa, Vespertilionidae}, url = {Avery 1998.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0016-6995(98)80022-3}, author = {Avery, D. M.} } @article {3199, title = {Bat assemblages in Tanzanian coastal forests}, journal = {Mammalia}, volume = {62}, number = {1}, year = {1998}, month = {1998}, pages = {53-68}, abstract = {Bat species lists were compiled in 17 small coastal forests of Tanzania, eastern Africa, between 1990 and 1992. Forty-six bat species were recorded, with up to 15 species in a single forest. Eight forests were sufficiently studied for comparisons to be made on species frequencies and species diversity. Regional diversity was 2.74, and local diversities ranged between 1.55 to 1.97. Many species were remarkably unevenly distributed. Records of biogeographical significance for Tanzania were: confirmations of Myotis tricolor, Tadarida brachyptera, Myonycteris relicta, Rhinolophus deckenii and Kerivoula africana, and first records of Scotophilus nigrita alvenslebeni, Hipposideros cyclops and Cloeotis percivali.}, keywords = {[Glauconycteris argentata] Chalinolobus argentatus, [Glauconycteris variegata] Chalinolobus variegatus, [Lissonycteris] Rousettus angolensis, [Mops brachypterus] Tadarida brachyptera, [Neoromicia nana] Pipistrellus nanus, [Neoromicia somalica] Eptesicus somalicus, [Neoromicia] Eptesicus capensis, [Neoromicia] Eptesicus rendalli, allopatric, biodiversity, Cardioderma cor, Chiroptera, Cloeotis percivali, Coleura afra, communities, community ecology, conservation, distribution, East Africa, ecology, Eidolon helvum, Emballonuridae, Epomophorus labiatus minor, Epomophorus wahlbergi, Flederm{\"a}use, forest islands, habitat preferences, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros caffer, Hipposideros commersoni, Hipposideros cyclops, Hipposideros ruber, island biogeography, Kerivoula africana, Lavia frons, Mammalia, Megadermatidae, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus minor, Molossidae, Myonycteris relicta, Myotis bocagei hildegardeae, Myotis tricolor, Nycteridae, Nycteris aurita, Nycteris grandis, Nycteris hispida, Nycteris macrotis, Nycteris thebaica, Otomops martiensseni, Pipistrellus sp. 1, Pipistrellus sp. 2, Pteropodidae, Pteropus seychellensis comorensis, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus deckenii, Rhinolophus hildebrandtii, Rhinolophus landeri, Rhinolophus sp. 1 (cf. swinnyi) [maendeleo], Rhinolophus sp. 2, Rousettus aegyptiacus leachi, Scotoecus hirundo, Scotophilus dinganii, Scotophilus nigrita alvenslebeni, Scotophilus viridis, species richness, sympatric, Tadarida aegyptiaca, Tanzania, Taphozous hildegardae [hildegardeae], Triaenops persicus afer, Vegetation, Verbreitung, Vespertilionidae, zoogeography}, author = {Cockle, A. and Kock, D. and Stublefield, L. and Howell, K. M. and Burgess, N. D.} } @article {3561, title = {Bats and the loss of tree canopy in African woodlands}, journal = {Conserv. Biol.}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, year = {1998}, month = {1998a}, pages = {399-407}, abstract = {We studied the activity patterns, abundance, diversity, and diets of bats, along with the abundance of nocturnal volant insects, at 30 sites in Miombo woodland in northern Zimbabwe. The woodland at 50\% of the sites had been disturbed by high elephant densities to the extent that the tree canopy was greatly reduced. The tree canopy was intact at the other sites. Intact and impacted sites differed significantly in tree (> 3 m tall; > 15 cm basal diameter) and shrub (1-3 m tall; < 1 m tall) diversity and cover. At each site we used ultraviolet lights to sample insects and mist nets and bat detectors to sample bats. To assess their diets we collected and analyzed feces from captured bats. We caught 343 bats representing the families Pteropodidae (1 species), Vespertilionidae (11 species), and Molossidae (3 species). The molossids and vespertilionids are all aerial feeders taking airborne insects. Bat species richness, abundance, and activity were greater at intact than at impacted sites, but these differences were statistically significant only at adjacent sites (< 5 km apart) not at more distant intact and impacted sites (> 20 km apart). At the adjacent sites we caught a significantly greater proportion of small (< 10 g) bats at intact than at impacted sites. These data and a significantly greater proportion of Scotophilus species (> 10 g) caught during the early evening at intact than at impacted sites suggested that the removal of canopy trees affected roost availability for the bats. Although larger species may have commuted between intact and impacted sites, smaller species did not. In contrast, the availability of prey did not appear to have been significantly affected by the removal of the canopy trees, as indicated by the light-trap catches of insects and the bats{\textquoteright} diets. Most bats ate mainly beetles and moths, the most abundant insects sampled at the ultraviolet lights. Our findings suggest that aerial-feeding bats such as vespertilionids and molossids do not appear to be useful indicators of disturbance in this habitat, even in the face of significant loss of tree canopy.}, keywords = {abundance, activity patterns, behaviour, biodiversity, Chaerephon nigeriae, Chaerephon pumilus, Chiroptera, communities, conservation, distribution, ecology, Epomophorus wahlbergi, Flederm{\"a}use, foraging, habitat disturbance, habitat preferences, Insecta, Loxodonta africana, Mammalia, miombo woodland, Molossidae, Mops condylurus, Neoromicia capensis, Neoromicia melckorum, Neoromicia nana, Neoromicia zuluensis, Nycticeinops schlieffenii, Pipistrellus kuhlii [hesperidus], Pipistrellus rueppellii, Pipistrellus rusticus, Proboscidea, Pteropodidae, savannas, Scotophilus borbonicus, Scotophilus dinganii, Southern Africa, species richness, trees, Vegetation, Vespertilionidae, Zimbabwe}, author = {Fenton, M. B. and Cumming, D. H. M. and Rautenbach, I. L. and Cumming, G. S. and Cumming, M. S. and Ford, G. and Taylor, R. D. and Dunlop, J. and Hovorka, M. D. and Johnston, D. S. and Portfors, C. V. and Kalcounis, M. C. and Mahlanga, Z.} } @article {2980, title = {Biogeography and floral evolution of baobabs (Adansonia, Bombacaceae) as inferred from multiple data sets}, journal = {Syst. Biol.}, volume = {47}, number = {2}, year = {1998}, month = {1998}, pages = {181-207}, abstract = {The phylogeny of baobab trees was analyzed using four data sets: chloroplast DNA restriction sites, sequences of the chloroplast rpl16 intron, sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of nuclear ribosomal DNA, and morphology. We sampled each of the eight species of Adansonia plus three outgroup taxa from tribe Adansonieae. These data were analyzed singly and in combination using parsimony. ITS and morphology provided the greatest resolution and were largely concordant. The two chloroplast data sets showed concordance with one another but showed significant conflict with ITS and morphology. A possible explanation for the conflict is genealogical discordance within the Malagasy Longitubae, perhaps due to introgression events. A maximum-likelihood analysis of branching times shows that the dispersal between Africa and Australia occurred well after the fragmentation of Gondwana and therefore involved overwater dispersal. The phylogeny does not permit unambiguous reconstruction of floral evolution but suggests the plausible hypothesis that hawkmoth pollination was ancestral in Adansonia and that there were two parallel switches to pollination by mammals in the genus.}, keywords = {Africa, biogeography, Chiroptera, evolution, Insecta, Lepidoptera, Madagascar, Mammalia, molecular genetics, phylogeny, pollination, Sphingidae}, author = {Baum, D. A. and Small, R. L. and Wendel, J. F.} } @article {3758, title = {A case of snake predation upon bats in northern Morocco: Some implications for designing bat grilles}, journal = {J. Zool. (Lond.)}, volume = {245}, number = {2}, year = {1998}, month = {1998}, pages = {211-212}, abstract = {During a study of North African mouse-eared bats in Morocco in August 1993 (Arlettaz et al., 1997) some accidental observations on chiropterophagy by the snake Coluber hippocrepis were made. This adds a new species to the list of bat-eating serpents documented so far (for a general review see Sch{\"a}tti, 1984). In addition, our observations lead to some recommendations for the construction of bat grilles at underground sites to minimize predation risk by snakes or other predators upon bats.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Coluber hippocrepis, conservation, diet, ecology, Flederm{\"a}use, Hangpl{\"a}tze, Mammalia, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus schreibersii, Morocco, Myotis myotis, Nahrung, North Africa, predation pressure, Reptilia, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, roosting behaviour, Serpentes, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Hammer, M. and Arlettaz, R.} } @article {4155, title = {Cimicidae and Polyctenidae from Malawian Chiroptera (Insecta: Hemiptera)}, journal = {Senckenbergiana biol.}, volume = {77}, number = {2}, year = {1998}, month = {1998}, pages = {235-239}, abstract = {Cacodmus villosus, C. sparsilis, Aphrania cf. barys (Cimicidae) and Adroctenes horvathi (Polyctenidae) are recorded from Malawi, Central Africa. All except C. villosus are first records for Malawi. The known distribution and host associations for the four species are listed and discussed. One host, Pipistrellus rusticus was parasitised by both C. villosus and C. sparsilis simultaneously. Pipistrellus rusticus, Scotoecus albigula (hosts of C. sparsilis) and Eptesicus melckorum (host of Aphrania cf. barys) are new hosts for the Cimicidae, and Rhinolophus fumigatus and R. blasii are new hosts for the Polyctenidae and for Adroctenes horvathi.}, keywords = {[Neoromicia] Eptesicus melckorum, Adroctenes horvathi, Aphrania cf. barys, Cacodmus sparsilis, Cacodmus villosus, Chiroptera, Cimicidae, distribution, ectoparasites, Flederm{\"a}use, Hemiptera, host species, Insecta, Malawi, Mammalia, parasitism, Pipistrellus rusticus, Polyctenidae, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus blasii, Rhinolophus fumigatus, Scotoecus albigula, Southern Africa, systematics, taxonomy, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Kock, D. and Happold, D. C. D. and Happold, M.} } @article {3568, title = {Compromises: Sound frequencies used in echolocation by aerial-feeding bats}, journal = {Can. J. Zool.}, volume = {76}, number = {6}, year = {1998}, month = {1998c}, pages = {1174-1182}, abstract = {Hunting aerial-feeding bats, species that take airborne prey (usually flying insects), use echolocation to detect, track, and assess targets. The echolocation calls of aerial-feeding bats at sites in Canada (British Columbia and Ontario), Mexico, Brazil, and Zimbabwe were significantly dominated by frequencies between 20 and 60 kHz, although at the more tropical locations some aerial-feeding bats used echolocation calls with most energy <20 or >60 kHz. The impact of frequency specific attenuation, perhaps combined with frequency-specific, hearing-based defenses of some insects, suggests that by using echolocation calls <20 kHz, bats could both extend the effective range of echolocation and make their calls less conspicuous to insect ears. Bats using calls >60 kHz would be less conspicuous to the insects. We found two patterns of echolocation-call behaviour. Most adjacent echolocation calls, and all that were dominated by sounds >20 kHz, showed large (80\%) overlap in bandwidth. The other pattern involved much less overlap in bandwidth (0-30\%) between adjacent calls and was evident in the calls of the molossid Tadarida midas, which used echolocation calls dominated by sounds <20 kHz. This behaviour would allow the echolocating bat to extend its effective range of perception by separating in frequency the echoes returning from adjacent calls.}, keywords = {[Chaerephon pumilus] Tadarida pumila, [Chaerephon] Tadarida nigeriae, [Mops condylurus] Tadarida condylura, [Mops] Tadarida midas, [Neoromicia nana] Pipistrellus nanus, [Neoromicia] Eptesicus capensis, [Nycticeinops schlieffenii] Nycticeius schlieffeni, Brazil, Canada, Central America, Chiroptera, Mexico, Molossidae, North America, Pipistrellus rusticus, Scotophilus borbonicus, Scotophilus viridis, South America, Southern Africa, Vespertilionidae, Zimbabwe}, author = {Fenton, M. B. and Portfors, C. V. and Rautenbach, I. L. and Waterman, J. M.} } @article {5282, title = {The current status of Livingstone{\textquoteright}s flying fox (Pteropus livingstonii) in the Federal Islamic Republic (RFI) of the Comores}, journal = {Phelsuma}, volume = {6}, year = {1998}, month = {1998}, pages = {32-40}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, Comoros, conservation, ecology, Indian Ocean, population size, Pteropodidae, Pteropus livingstonii, roost counts, threatened species}, author = {Trewhella, W. J. and Reason, P. F. and Clark, K. M. and Garrett, S. R. T.} } @article {4507, title = {Distributional patterns and conservation status of mammals of Swaziland, southern Africa}, journal = {Koedoe}, volume = {41}, number = {2}, year = {1998}, month = {1998a}, pages = {45-59}, abstract = {Distributional patterns (mapped at the quarter-degree square scale) of species richness of 121 species of mammals recorded from Swaziland were examined in relation to the distribution of protected areas (reserves), privately-owned ranches and six vegetation types. The richness of mammal species was highest in the NE and NW, and lowest in the SW areas of Swaziland. Total mammal species richness was positively and highly significantly correlated with the presence of reserves. Similar patterns were shown by artiodactyls, rodents and carnivores. Total mammal species richness, as well as for most mammalian orders, was positively correlated with moist grassveld and moist savanna vegetation types but negatively correlated with dry grassveld. Mammal species richness, especially for the larger species, was very low on Swazi Nation Land, which covers about 60 \% of the country. The mammalian fauna of the high-lying areas (Highveld) was distinct from that of the low-lying areas (Lowveld). The Middleveld region supported elements of both Highveld and Lowveld species. A large proportion (87.6 \%) of Swaziland{\textquoteright}s mammal species have been recorded from reserves. Two species (Alcelaphus lichtensteini and Lycaon pictus) no longer occur in Swaziland. For effective conservation of Swaziland{\textquoteright}s mammals, the issue of how to maintain viable populations on Swazi Nation Land will have to be addressed.}, keywords = {conservation, distribution, Mammalia, protected areas, Southern Africa, species richness, Swaziland}, author = {Monadjem, A.} } @article {3780, title = {Effects of bat-bands and banding on a population of Pipistrellus nanus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in Malawi}, journal = {Z. S{\"a}ugetierk.}, volume = {63}, number = {2}, year = {1998}, month = {1998}, pages = {65-78}, abstract = {This study provides information about the effects of flanged metal bat-bands, and the procedures associated with banding and frequent censusing, on a population of Pipistrellus nanus, a particularly small vespertilionid bat. The bats were censused at their roosts in a banana plantation, at intervals of approximately two weeks, for 10 months; 120 bats were banded and 75 were recaptured (447 recaptures). The best data came from a cohort of 64 adults (banded during the first six censuses), 25 of which were recaptured 9-15 times. Band-status (the effect of the band on the bat) was recorded each time a bat was captured. We recognised four classes of band-status ranging from class 1 (band-free with no injuries, observed on 66\% of occasions) to class 4 (band-immobile with an unhealed wound, observed on 11\% of occasions). Analyses of the results showed that (a) the majority of bats were in class 1 on most occasions, but some had injuries (classes 2-4) which often improved or deteriorated unpredictably; (b) the band-status changed in relation to time after banding, following an unexplained pattern; (c) band-status was not affected by seasonal changes in climate, or by the sex of the bat; (d) banding did not affect flight and foraging, or mass, or "survival" in the population; and (e) roosting behaviour was not adversely affected. Bats banded when we were inexperienced (census 1) were more prone to injuries than bats banded when we had improved our banding technique. Banding enabled us to study the social behaviour and reproduction of this species and we believe that the results justified banding one small population of this common, widespread species. We predict that other species of small vespertilionids may respond similarly to banding, but extrapolation to species in other families is probably not justified. We recommend that flanged bat-bands should be fitted as loosely as possible, that new bat-banders should be trained by experienced banders, and that banding of bats is permitted only when there are very good scientific reasons for the banding and when harm to individual bats and populations is likely to be minimal.}, keywords = {behaviour, Chiroptera, conservation, Flederm{\"a}use, Malawi, marking, methods, Neoromicia nana, Southern Africa, Vespertilionidae, wing bands}, author = {Happold, D. C. D. and Happold, M.} } @article {3228, title = {Female reproduction in two species of tropical horseshoe bats (Rhinolophidae) in Zimbabwe}, journal = {J. Mamm.}, volume = {79}, number = {4}, year = {1998}, month = {1998}, pages = {1306-1316}, abstract = {Female reproduction was studied in sympatric populations of two species of African horseshoe bats in a seasonal tropical environment of central Zimbabwe. Both Rhinolophus simulator and its largest African congener, R. hildebrantii, were monotocous and monestrous, and reproduction was highly seasonal. In 3 consecutive years, R. simulator gave birth consistently later (15-20 days) than R. hildebrantii, and early embryonic development was retarded in the smaller R. simulator. Copulations occurred during June and July of the cool-dry season, and both species gave birth to single offspring during separate synchronized periods of parturition at the start of the wet season. Lactation in both species coincided with the period of maximal rainfall, but the weaning period of R. hildebrantii was distinctly long.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, reproduction, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus hildebrandtii, Rhinolophus simulator, Southern Africa, Zimbabwe}, author = {Cotterill, F. P. D.} } @article {3100, title = {Chaerephon pumilus}, journal = {Mammalian Species}, number = {574}, year = {1998}, month = {1998}, pages = {1-6}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, Molossidae, review}, author = {Bouchard, S.} } @article {5411, title = {Eptesicus bottae (Mammalia, Chiroptera) auf der Insel Rhodos}, journal = {Bonn. zool. Beitr.}, volume = {48}, number = {2}, year = {1998}, month = {1998}, pages = {113-121}, abstract = {Botta{\textquoteright}s serotine Eptesicus bottae (PETERS, 1869), a bat species which in recent years has been shown to be widespread over the coastal areas of Anatolia (Spitzenberger 1994) was recorded for the first time on the Greek island of Rhodos. External morphological differences allow to separate this species from Eptesicus serotinus (SCHREBER, 1774); the smaller bottae has narrower wings and a different shape of the penis. As the East Mediterranean E. bottae anatolicus FELTEN, 1971 are much larger than Asian E. bottae it may be doubted that the North-African form isabellinus (TEMMINCK, 1840) really belongs to E. serotinus, as assumed by most authors; their measurements are nearer to Anatolian bottae. Eptesicus bottae does not seem to be a rare species on Rhodos; these bats hunt regularly over the dry coastal plains of the southcoast of the island. Their echolocation calls are described; search phase calls are QCF calls with an end-frequency of about 28 kHz and a duration of 14 {\textpm} 2 ms, approach phase calls are shorter and more FM, but also mostly end at a frequency of 28 kHz.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, distribution, echolocation, Eptesicus isabellinus, Eptesicus serotinus, Europe, Flederm{\"a}use, foraging, Greece, Mammalia, morphology, North Africa, systematics, taxonomy, Verbreitung, Vespertilionidae}, author = {von Helversen, O.} } @article {2971, title = {Katacamilla Papp, 1978, a genus of Camillidae (Diptera: Schizophora) associated with the dung of bats, birds and hyraxes in Africa and the Arabian Peninsula}, journal = {African Entomology}, volume = {6}, number = {2}, year = {1998}, note = {See Braack 1989, Churchill et al. 1997}, month = {1998}, pages = {159-176}, abstract = {Katacamilla Papp, 1978, hitherto a monotypic genus of Camillidae known only from Namibia, is revised to include five species from Africa and the southern part of the Arabian Peninsula. The revision is based on more than 400 specimens. The placement of Katacamilla in the Camillidae is confirmed. A revised diagnosis of the genus is given. Katacamilla is distinguished from all other camillid genera by at least 10 character states, six of which are autapomorphies. A key to the species is presented. Illustrations of head profiles, male forefemur and terminalia are provided for all species. Katacamilla cavernicola Papp is redescribed from three Namibian localities. Four new species are described: K. braacki from northeastern South Africa, K. ctenidia from northern Nigeria, K. gallagheri from eastern Oman and K. procavia from central Namibia. Katacamilla cavernicola is known only from caves, where it exhibits both parietal and troglophilic habitat preferences; it has been reared from dung of the rock pigeon, Columba guinea Linnaeus (parietal), and of the common slit-faced bat, Nycteris thebaica Geoffroy (troglophilic). Katacamilla braacki has been collected in close association with dung of the Egyptian fruit bat, Rousettus aegyptiacus (Geoffroy), in a troglophilic habitat. Katacamilla procavia has been reared from the dung of the rock hyrax, Procavia capensis (Pallas), taken from the shelter of a rocky overhang. Katacamilla ctenidia and K. gallagheri are probably associated with the dung of birds and/or small mammals in relatively exposed habitats. A preliminary cladistic analysis suggests that the clade comprising the bat-associated (cavernicolous) sister species, K. cavernicola and K. braacki, is the most highly derived in the genus and, consequently, that association with bats is a recent specialization.}, keywords = {Africa, Arabian Peninsula, Camillidae, caves, Chiroptera, Diptera, identification key, Insecta, Katacamilla braacki sp. nov., Katacamilla ctenidia sp. nov., Katacamilla gallagheri sp. nov., Katacamilla procavia sp. nov., Namibia, Nigeria, Nycteridae, Nycteris thebaica, Oman, Pteropodidae, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus denti, Rousettus aegyptiacus, South Africa}, author = {Barraclough, D. A.} } @article {4658, title = {Micropteropus pusillus}, journal = {Mammalian Species}, number = {577}, year = {1998}, month = {1998}, pages = {1-5}, keywords = {Africa, behaviour, Chiroptera, distribution, ecology, identification key, Mammalia, Micropteropus pusillus, morphology, Pteropodidae, review, systematics, taxonomy, Verbreitung}, author = {Owen-Ashley, N. T. and Wilson, D. E.} } @article {4484, title = {Immunocytochemical identification of endocrine cells in the pancreas of the fruit bat, Rousettus aegyptiacus}, journal = {General \& Comparative Endocrinology}, volume = {110}, number = {3}, year = {1998}, month = {1998}, pages = {319-325}, abstract = {The fruit bat, Rousettus aegyptiacus, is able to absorb large amounts of glucose in very short periods of time. This ability is partly reflected by the structure of the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas. The aim of this study was to confirm preliminary histochemical studies of the bat pancreas and to identify and quantitate endocrine cells by immunocytochemical techniques in order to understand the ability of the bat to absorb these large amounts of glucose. Endocrine cells were distributed in islets throughout the gland and also occurred as discrete cells in the exocrine ducts. Three-dimensional reconstruction and quantitation showed that the endocrine component of the pancreas occupied 9.1\% of the total volume. This is far more than that reported in any other species. Four endocrine cell types were demonstrated. Insulin (beta) cells (51.4\%) were located throughout the islet and extended between the glucagon (alpha) cells (30.6\%). Somatotostatin (delta) cells (8.8\%) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) cells (17.1\%) were irregularly scattered throughout the islets. While the percentage of alpha, beta, and delta cells was similar to that in other species, the percentage of PP cells was higher. The high percentage of endocrine tissue found in the pancreas of the fruit bat may reflect metabolic adaptations involved in the absorption of the high carbohydrate diet of this animal.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, diet, endocrine pancreas, frugivory, glucose absorption, immunocytochemistry, physiology, Pteropodidae, Rousettus aegyptiacus}, url = {Michelmore et al. 1998.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/gcen.1998.7077}, author = {Michelmore, A. J. and Keegan, D. J. and Kramer, B.} } @inbook {3083, title = {In the Minotaur{\textquoteright}s labyrinth: The phylogeny of the bat family Hipposideridae}, booktitle = {Bat Biology and Conservation}, year = {1998}, month = {1998}, pages = {27-42}, publisher = {Smithsonian Institution Press}, organization = {Smithsonian Institution Press}, chapter = {xiv + 365}, address = {Washington, D.C.}, keywords = {Africa, allopatric, Anthops, Asellia, Aselliscus, Asia, biodiversity, biogeography, Chiroptera, chromosomes, Cloeotis, Coelops, evolution, Flederm{\"a}use, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros, karyotypes, Mammalia, morphology, Oriental Region, Paracoelops, paraphyletic, phylogeny, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus, Rhinonicteris, sibling species, speciation, species richness, sympatric, systematics, taxonomy, Triaenops, zoogeography}, author = {Bogdanowicz, W. and Owen, R. D.}, editor = {Kunz, T. H. and Racey, P. A.} } @article {4152, title = {Plerotes anchietae (Seabra, 1900) in Malawi, Central Africa (Mammalia: Chiroptera)}, journal = {Z. S{\"a}ugetierk.}, volume = {63}, number = {2}, year = {1998}, month = {1998}, pages = {114-116}, keywords = {Chiroptera, distribution, ecology, habitat preferences, Malawi, Mammalia, morphology, Plerotes anchietae, Pteropodidae, Southern Africa, systematics, taxonomy}, author = {Kock, D. and Burda, H. and Chitaukali, W. N. and Overton, M. J.} } @article {3212, title = {Taphozous hildegardeae}, journal = {Mammalian Species}, number = {597}, year = {1998}, month = {1998}, pages = {1-3}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, Emballonuridae, review, Taphozous hildegardeae}, author = {Colket, E. and Wilson, D. E.} } @booklet {4250, title = {Le Mont Nimba. R{\'e}serve de Biosph{\`e}re et Site du Patrimoine Mondial (Guin{\'e}e et C{\^o}te d{\textquoteright}Ivoire). Initiation {\`a} la G{\'e}omorphologie et {\`a} la Biog{\'e}ographie}, year = {1998}, month = {1998}, pages = {153}, publisher = {UNESCO Publishing}, address = {Paris}, abstract = {Le traits principaux de la g{\'e}ologie et de la g{\'e}omorphologie du Nimba /Le climat /Le mont Nimba, carrefour ouest-africains des flores /{\'e}tat actuel de la v{\'e}g{\'e}tation du Nimba /La faune et le peuplement animal du Nimba /Bibliographie g{\'e}n{\'e}rale du Nimba}, keywords = {altitude, biodiversity, climate, conservation, C{\^o}te d{\textquoteright}Ivoire, distribution, ecology, elevation, endemic, fauna, Faunistik, flora, geology, Guinea, habitat preferences, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mount Nimba, mountains, plants, rainforests, review, species richness, Vegetation, West Africa, zoogeography}, author = {Lamotte, M.} } @article {3366, title = {Mammal distributions in the western Mediterranean: The role of human intervention}, journal = {Mammal Rev.}, volume = {28}, number = {2}, year = {1998}, month = {1998}, pages = {77-88}, abstract = {The natural distribution of the 17 non-flying mammal species occurring wild in both the Maghreb (north-west Africa) and Iberia (south-west Europe) is considered. It is concluded that only four species - Red Fox Vulpes vulpes, Wild Boar Sus scrofa, Wild Cat Felis silvestris and Otter Lutra lutra - are native to both regions, while another three -Red Deer Cervus elaphus, Brown Bear Ursus arctos and Aurochs Bos primigenius - were native to North Africa until the mid-Holocene but have probably died out naturally. Algerian Hedgehog Atelerix algirus, Barbary Ape Macaca sylvanus, Genet Genetta genetta and Egyptian Mongoose Herpestes ichneumon are widely accepted as introductions to Europe from North Africa. The remaining six species, and Red Deer now found in Africa; were also probably introduced - Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus, Weasel Mustela nivalis, Wood Mouse Apodemus sylvaticus and Lesser White-toothed Shrew Crocidura russula from Europe to Africa; Algerian Mouse Mus spretus from Africa to Europe; Savi{\textquoteright}s Pygmy Shrew Suncus etruscus perhaps from the eastern Mediterranean to both Iberia and the Maghreb.There are two Maghrebi species which, although not found in Europe, are more closely related to Palaearctic than to Afrotropical species: Garden Dormouse Eliomys melanurus, probably native to north-west Africa, although possible augmentation of the natural population cannot be ruled out, and Whitaker{\textquoteright}s Shrew Crocidura whitakeri, a North African endemic.Removal of so many species of European provenance from the list of mammals native to north-west Africa should not be considered to weaken its position as part of the Palearctic zoogeographical region. Bats and other, non-mammalian, taxa illustrate the clear faunal relationship between the Maghreb and south-west Europe, whilst emphasizing its distinction from subsaharan Africa.}, keywords = {biodiversity, Biotopwahl, Chiroptera, distribution, Europe, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, human introduction, introduced species, Maghreb, Mammalia, Mediterranean, North Africa, Palaearctic, species richness, Verbreitung, zoogeography}, author = {Dobson, M.} } @article {5429, title = {New distributional records for three microchiropteran bats (Vespertillionidae, Rhinolophidae) from the Free State Province, South Africa}, journal = {S. Afr. J. Wildl. Res.}, volume = {28}, number = {4}, year = {1998}, month = {1998}, pages = {127-131}, abstract = {Distributional data on three microchiropteran species (Myotis lesueuri (Roberts, 1919), Eptesicus hottentotus (A. Smith, 1833) and Rhinolophus denti Thomas, 1904), recorded in the Free State Province for first time, are presented. In all three cases these comprise range extensions for the species.}, keywords = {[Cistugo] Myotis lesueuri, Chiroptera, Cistugidae, distribution, Eptesicus hottentotus, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, habitat preferences, Mammalia, morphology, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus denti, South Africa, systematics, taxonomy, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Watson, J. P.} } @article {3665, title = {Notes on the bats of the Reserve Speciale d{\textquoteright}Anjanaharibe-Sud, Madagascar}, journal = {Fieldiana: Zoology n.s.}, volume = {90}, number = {1495}, year = {1998}, month = {1998}, pages = {223-226}, abstract = {Three bat species were collected in the Reserve Speciale d{\textquoteright}Anjanaharibe-Sud at 650 m: Rousettus madagascariensis, Myotis goudoti, and Miniopterus fraterculus. These species are broadly distributed across the island in both forested and disturbed areas.}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, Madagascar, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus fraterculus, Myotis goudoti, Pteropodidae, Rousettus madagascariensis, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Goodman, S. M.} } @article {3658, title = {Phenetic analysis of Old World Myotis (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) based on dental characters}, journal = {Acta theriol.}, volume = {43}, number = {1}, year = {1998}, month = {1998}, pages = {1-11}, abstract = {Similarities between 42 taxa of genus Myotis were studied based on 11 dental characters. The most primitive conditions were found in subgenus Leuconoe and in most taxa of subgenus Selysius. No clear differences between subgenera Leuconoe and Selysius were found. Only Myotis altarium, M. ikonnikovi, M. mystacinus, and M. hosonoi were found to be distinct from the 13 species studied within subgenus Selysius. The subgenus Myotis was distinct from the other subgenera in having the most derived conditions.}, keywords = {[Cistugo seabrae] Myotis seabrai, [Cistugo] Myotis lesueuri, Afghanistan, Austria, Borneo, Bulgaria, Burma, Cambodia, China, Chiroptera, cluster analysis, Czechoslovakia, dental morphology, discrete state characters, Ethiopia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Java, Malawi, Malaysia, Mongolia, Myotis adversus, Myotis altarium, Myotis annectans, Myotis ater, Myotis bechsteinii, Myotis blythii, Myotis bombinus, Myotis brandtii, Myotis capaccinii, Myotis chinensis, Myotis dasycneme, Myotis daubentonii, Myotis emarginatus, Myotis fimbriatus, Myotis formosus, Myotis frater, Myotis hermani, Myotis horsfieldii, Myotis hosonoi, Myotis ikonnikovi, Myotis longipes, Myotis macrodactylus, Myotis macrotarsus, Myotis montivagus, Myotis morrisi, Myotis muricola, Myotis myotis, Myotis mystacinus, Myotis nattereri, Myotis pequinius, Myotis ricketti, Myotis ridleyi, Myotis rosseti, Myotis scotti, Myotis sicarius, Myotis siligorensis, Myotis tricolor, Myotis welwitschii, Nepal, Netherlands, Niger, Philippines, Poland, Russia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Thailand, Tibet, Uganda, Vespertilionidae, Vietnam}, author = {Godawa-Stormark, J.} } @article {4506, title = {Reproduction in the little free-tailed bat Chaerephon pumila (Microchiroptera: Molossidae) in Swaziland}, journal = {Durban Mus. Novit.}, volume = {23}, year = {1998}, month = {1998b}, pages = {39-41}, abstract = {The reproductive condition of male and female Chaerephon pumila, collected monthly over a ten-month period at Mlawula Nature Reserve (northeastern Swaziland), was assessed. Date of conception was estimated using foetal weight. Peak conceptions occurred in September, November and January with expected parturition in November, January and March. These results suggest the presence of a postpartum oestrus but conclusive evidence is lacking. Male testicular weight was highest between October and January with a sharp decline in February, which may have been exaggerated by the inadvertent inclusion of juvenile specimens.}, keywords = {Chaerephon pumilus, Chiroptera, Molossidae, reproduction, Southern Africa, Swaziland}, author = {Monadjem, A.} } @article {4361, title = {Sexual size dimorphism and natural history traits are correlated with intersexual dietary divergence in royal pythons (Python regius) from the rainforests of southeastern Nigeria}, journal = {Ital. J. Zool.}, volume = {65}, number = {2}, year = {1998}, month = {1998}, pages = {183-185}, abstract = {Food habits of the royal python (Python regius) were studied in some localities of southeastern Nigeria by means both of faeces analysis and forced regurgitation of living individuals. Female pythons were significantly longer than the males. Both sexes preyed exclusively upon birds and mammals, but there were significant intersexual differences in terms of dietary, composition. Males preyed more frequently upon birds (70.2\% of the total number of prey items) whereas females preyed more frequently upon mammals (66.7\% of the total number of prey items). There was an apparent ontogenetic change in the diet of both sexes: specimens shorter than 70 cm total length preyed almost exclusively upon small sized birds (nestlings and immature), whereas the longer specimens (> 100 cm total length) preyed almost entirely upon small mammals. We suggest that the two sexes are different in terms of their main natural history traits (males being more arboreal than females), and that this behavioural difference can explain the observed intersexual differences in dietary composition.}, keywords = {[Galago] Galagoides demidoff, Aves, Chiroptera, diet, Epomophorus sp., Mammalia, Megaloglossus woermanni, Nigeria, predation, prey, Primates, Pteropodidae, Python regius, Reptilia, Rodentia, Serpentes, sexual size dimorphism, Soricidae, West Africa}, url = {Luiselli \& Angelici 1998.pdf http://www.informaworld.com/10.1080/11250009809386744}, author = {Luiselli, L. and Angelici, F. M.} } @article {5471, title = {Small mammal diversity in the Kakum National Park in Ghana}, journal = {Ghana Journal of Science}, volume = {38}, year = {1998}, month = {1998}, pages = {25-32}, abstract = {During a 7-month period, a checklist of small mammals in the Kakum National Park, a small forest park in the Central Region of Ghana, was compiled. A total of 178 individuals of 16 species of small terrestrial mammals were caught. This represents 43 per cent of all the species of small terrestrial mammals in Ghana, and about 60 per cent of the forest-dwelling species. Records of other mammals sighted are also presented. Only three species of fruit bats were caught. Insectivorous bats were poorly represented. The Obengkrom area of the Kakum National Park was found to be the richest in small terrestrial mammals as compared with the Mfuom and Antwikwaa areas. Shannon{\textquoteright}s diversity indices for small terrestrial mammals ranged from 1.14 to 3.08 (Simpson{\textquoteright}s index from 0.45 to 0.84) for the three study areas. Population density for small rodents ranged from 120 to 288 animals per ha. The study reports the first record of Hybomys univittatus west of Nigeria in West Africa. The distribution of Chromolaena odorata was found to influence the species diversity of small terrestrial mammals in forest clearings. The higher the cover the lower the species diversity.}, keywords = {Carnivora, Chiroptera, Ghana, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros abae, Hipposideros beatus, inventory, Mammalia, Megaloglossus woermanni, Myonycteris leptodon [torquata], Nycteridae, Nycteris arge, Nycteris nana, Pholidota, Pteropodidae, Rodentia, Scotonycteris ophiodon, Soricidae, survey, West Africa}, author = {Yeboah, S.} } @inbook {4104, title = {Small mammals along an elevational gradient in Rwenzori Mountains National Park, Uganda}, booktitle = {The Rwenzori Mountains National Park, Uganda. Exploration, Environment \& Biology. Conservation, Management and Community Relations}, year = {1998}, month = {1998}, pages = {149-171}, publisher = {Makerere University}, organization = {Makerere University}, address = {Kampala, Uganda}, keywords = {Albertine Rift, altitude, Central Africa, Chiroptera, elevational gradients, Mammalia, mountains, Rodentia, Ruwenzori Mts., Soricomorpha, Uganda}, author = {Kerbis Peterhans, J. C. and Kityo, R. M. and Stanley, W. T. and Austin, P. K.}, editor = {Osmaston, H. A. and Tukahirwa, J. and Basalirwa, C. and Nyakaana, J.} } @article {3722, title = {The species diversity, distribution and conservation of Namibian mammals}, journal = {Biodiver. Conserv.}, volume = {7}, number = {4}, year = {1998}, month = {1998}, pages = {483-494}, abstract = {Namibia{\textquoteright}s extant mammal fauna of 250 species represents about 75\% of the southern African region{\textquoteright}s species richness, 83\% of generic richness and 98\% of familial richness. Fourteen species are presently recognized as endemic (75\% or more of the global population occurring within Namibian borders). These endemics occur in the Namib Desert, pro-Namib transition zone and adjoining escarpment, and are primarily rupicolous. The Namibian endemic mammal fauna is characterized by the monotypic Petromuridae, and the rodent genera Gerbillurus and Petromyscus. The distribution of smaller species has probably not changed significantly over the past 200 years, but species such as lion and plain zebra have undergone range reductions of 95\% or more, and five species are listed as recently extinct. Approximately 50\% of all Namibian mammal species are provisionally listed as {\textquoteright}secure{\textquoteright}. However, due to patchy data, 94 species (38\%) are classified as under possible or probable threat. Nineteen species (8\%) are classified as under definite threat. Over 13\% of Namibia is set aside by the state for conservation purposes. Ninety-five percent of mammal species occur in at least one park, over 80\% occur in three or more parks, and 59 species (28\%) occur in ten or more parks, although for most species nothing is known of their population viability there. Major threats to mammals in Namibia are invasive aliens, including the risk of genetic pollution, and habitat alteration, especially wetland degradation.}, keywords = {biogeography, Chiroptera, conservation, endemism, Mammalia, Namibia, Southern Africa, species richness}, url = {Griffin 1998.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008875511827}, author = {Griffin, M.} } @article {5322, title = {Systematics of African Nycteris (Mammalia: Chiroptera). Part III. The Nyteris thebaica group}, journal = {Bonn. zool. Beitr.}, volume = {48}, number = {2}, year = {1998}, month = {1998}, pages = {123-166}, abstract = {In this paper, the systematics of the African N. thebaica group is discussed. Based on multi- and univariate statistical tests, two species are retained within this group: N. thebaica, which occurs over almost the entire African continent and the Arabian Peninsula, and N. gambiensis, which is limited to West Africa. Based on literature data, the species status of N. vinsoni is confirmed. Literature data, measurements and lists of material examined are presented for each of these species. Unfortunately, even the vast amount of specimens available for this study is still insufficient to decide definitely the status of forms such as brockmani and damarensis, which at present are considered synonyms of N. thebaica.}, keywords = {Africa, allopatric, Chiroptera, distribution, evolution, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, habitat preferences, Mammalia, morphology, Nycteridae, Nycteris brockmani, Nycteris damarensis, Nycteris gambiensis, Nycteris thebaica, Nycteris vinsoni, revision, sibling species, speciation, species richness, sympatric, systematics, taxonomy, zoogeography}, author = {Van Cakenberghe, V. and De Vree, F.} } @article {5156, title = {Taxonomic notes on dark-winged house bats of the genus Scotoecus Thomas 1901, in Malawi}, journal = {Durban Mus. Novit.}, volume = {23}, year = {1998}, month = {1998}, pages = {64-66}, keywords = {Chiroptera, distribution, Flederm{\"a}use, Malawi, Mammalia, morphology, Scotoecus albigula, Scotoecus albofuscus, Scotoecus hindei [hirundo], Scotoecus hirundo, Southern Africa, systematics, taxonomy, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Taylor, P. J. and van der Merwe, M.} } @article {5133, title = {Ultrastructure of the binary parotid glands in the free-tailed bat, Tadarida thersites. II. Accessory parotid gland.}, journal = {Anatomical Record}, volume = {251}, number = {1}, year = {1998}, month = {1998}, pages = {122-135}, abstract = {Background: Many bat species have an extra set of major salivary glands. In some species, the accessory glands are quite similar to the principal one, but in others they may be radically different. Accessory glands usually are associated with the submandibular gland, but the free-tailed bat, Tadarida thersites, also has an accessory parotid gland. In the present study, we compared the accessory parotid gland with its principal counterpart. Methods: Salivary glands were removed from two specimens of free-tailed bats, one of each sex, that had been live-trapped in western Kenya and immersion-fixed in a specially formulated mixture designed for field fixation. Once back in the laboratory, the tissue was further prepared for electron microscopy by conventional means. Results: The secretory endpieces consist of serous tubules composed of typical serous cells that contain numerous dense granules. In contrast, the intralobular duct system shows a radical departure from normal. These ducts are enormous in caliber, their lumina measuring greater than 100 mum in diameter. They appear to arise by amalgamation of the homologues of intercalated and striated ducts into macroducts. The walls of the macroducts consist of intermingled patches of simple cuboidal and simple columnar epithelia that occasionally include a tuft cell and are underlaid by an almost continuous layer of myoepithelium. A few cells have some modified basal striations, but most cells display a cytological organization that differs radically from either of their two putative ancestral cell types. Both tall and short epithelial macroduct cells have a paranuclear collection of ovate mitochondria and aggregates of what presumably are peroxisomes. Macroduct cells in both the female and male are pervaded by a system of tubular smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER). In the female, the SER gives rise to membranous whorls that consist of numerous plies. As the macroducts approach their termini, a single row of small dense secretory granules appears just beneath their luminal surface. At the lobular periphery, the ducts taper down to become excretory ducts of normal dimensions. Conclusions: An accessory parotid gland occurs in T. thersites, but apparently is absent in the related species, T. brasiliensis. The ultrastructural data are consistent with a possible steroidogenic function, although other features of the gland might relate to the elaboration of a secretory product associated with feeding on chitinous beetles. The macroducts conceivably function as reservoirs of preformed saliva.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, East Africa, Kenya, Molossidae, Mops thersites}, author = {Tandler, B. and Nagato, T. and Phillips, C. J.} } @article {4568, title = {Ultrastructure of the binary parotid glands in the free-tailed bat, Tadarida thersites. I. Principal parotid gland.}, journal = {Anatomical Record}, volume = {251}, number = {1}, year = {1998}, month = {1998b}, pages = {114-121}, abstract = {Background: Many species of bats have two sets of submandibular glands, principal and accessory. The accessory gland may resemble the principal one but more often shows wide morphological divergence. The free-tailed bat, Tadarida thersites, is very unusual in that it has two sets of parotid glands rather than binary submandibular glands. We studied the ultrastructure of the principal parotid gland to establish a baseline for comparison with the accessory parotid. Methods: Two specimens of adult free-tailed bats, one male and one female, were live-trapped in western Kenya. Parotid glands were fixed for electron microscopy using a protocol expressly designed for field fixation and then embedded by conventional means. Results: Histologically, the principal parotid is a typical serous gland. The secretory granules of the endpiece cells have an unusual substructure in that they contain variable numbers of lucent halos and one or several spherules. Intercalated duct cells contain a significant number of dense, serous-like granules. Striated ducts have the usual basal configuration of mitochondria and folded plasma membranes, but the supranuclear cytoplasm contains many small, dense granules, so that these ducts resemble the granular convoluted tubules found in the submandibular glands of many families of rodents. The apices of the duct cells have a peculiar contour-the luminal surfaces obliquely invaginate into the apical cytoplasm, so that in thin section the luminal membranes appear to be underlaid by a layer of vacuoles. Conclusion: Although the principal parotid gland of the free-tailed bat shows some distinctive, species-specific ultrastructural features, it basically is similar to the parotid gland in two other molossid bats, Tadarida brasiliensis and Molossus molossus. The distinctive features in the principal parotid gland of T. thersites might relate to its feeding on hard-bodied insects and perhaps to the production of lysozyme.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, East Africa, Kenya, Molossidae, Mops thersites}, author = {Nagato, T. and Tandler, B. and Phillips, C. J.} } @article {3053, title = {African bats: Evolution of reproduction patterns and delays}, journal = {Quart. Rev. Biol.}, volume = {72}, number = {3}, year = {1997}, month = {1997}, pages = {253-274}, abstract = {Patterns of reproduction in African bats can be compared in three taxon-based groups: fruit bats (Megachiroptera), freetailed bats (Microchiroptera: Molossidae) and the nonmolossid Microchiroptera. In the fruit bats and nonmolossid Microchiroptera there is a trend from either seasonal or a seasonal polyestry, with prolonged or continuous spermatogenesis in the tropics, towards seasonal monestry and seasonal spermatogenesis at more temperate latitudes. Reproductive delays (sperm storage, delayed implantation and delayed development) are rare at tropical latitudes, but are the norm in the nonmolossid Microchiroptera away from the tropics. The molossids are mostly polyestrous at tropical and temperate latitudes, although the duration of the reproductive season decreases with increasing latitude. The molossids appear to have escaped the constraints that affect reproduction of the other Microchiroptera. We propose that this may be due to their flight capabilities and foraging behavior, which give them access to year-round food, and to the thermal characteristics of their roosts. We suggest that the ancestral reproductive pattern of the Chiroptera was probably aseasonal or seasonal polyestry, as seen in extant tropical species, and therefore that reproductive cycles have evolved from the polyestrous to the monestrous condition. Short periods of reproductive delay occur in some species of tropical bats; we suggest that these reproductive delays originally were not adaptations to temperate latitudes but rather to the long dry season, which is characteristic of African tropical latitudes. With the move away from the tropics, selective pressures, acting on the timing of lactation and spermatogenesis, would have ensured that these processes continued to occur in the warm wet season, and that the length of the reproductive delay increased. This model accommodates the probable evolutionary origin of bats and links the evolution and development of reproductive delays to the differences in climate that occur with changes in latitude. There is evidence that mate choice and sperm competition may be important to modern bats, but we believe that they need not be invoked as causal factors in the evolution of reproductive delays, which can be adequately explained using purely energetic arguments.}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, day roosts, delayed development, delayed implantation, ecology, Flederm{\"a}use, foraging, latitude, Mammalia, Molossidae, monoestry, polyoestry, Pteropodidae, reproduction, review, seasonality, sperm storage, spermatogenesis, temperate, tropical}, author = {Bernard, R. T. F. and Cumming, G. S.} } @article {3738, title = {African histoplasmosis: A review}, journal = {Revista Iberoamericana de Micologia}, volume = {14}, number = {4}, year = {1997}, month = {1997}, pages = {155-159}, abstract = {African histoplasmosis caused by Histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii is an important deep mycosis endemic in Central and West Africa and in the island of Madagascar. The disease is characterized by presence of granulomatous lesions in the skin, subcutaneous tissues and bones. Lungs and other internal organs are rarely involved. The natural reservoir of the etiological agent has only been recently discovered in a bat cave in Nigeria. The status of asymptomatic infection is not certain. Investigations on skin and serum reactivity have suggested frequent prevalence of asymptomatic infections due to H. capsulatum var. duboisii among the residents in the vicinity of the cave microfocus of the fungus. The exact portal of entry into the body is not known, but inhalation into the lungs and direct inoculation in the skin have been incriminated. Laboratory diagnosis is confirmed by in vitro conversion into large yeast forms (8-15 mum in diameter) and by the demonstration of these forms within giant cells of tissues of experimentally infected animals. There are no major clean-cut physiological differences between the two varieties, viz. capsulatum and duboisii. The cell wall of H. capsulatum var duboisii contains a glucan with beta 1-4 linkages in addition to a galactomannan shared with H. capsulatum var. capsulatum. Like the var. capsulatum var. duboisii has marked proteinase and collagenase activities in both mycelial and yeast forms, suggesting a possible pathogenic role for these enzymes. Both varieties have a common exoantigen. The yeast form of H. capsulatum var. duboisii contains the antigen found in the serotype 1,4 of var. capsulatum. A monoclonal antibody test has been developed that can recognize some epitopes in H. capsulatum var. capsulatum but not in the var. duboisii. There is need to develop specific serological diagnosis for the disease. Also there should be greater international awareness about African histoplasmosis. Amphotericin B and several antimycotic azoles like ketoconazole, itraconazole and fluconazole have been successfully employed for treatment.}, keywords = {Africa, fungal infections, infectious diseases, Nigeria}, author = {Gugnani, H. C. and Muotoe-Okafor, F. A.} } @article {3308, title = {Bat community patterns on the Accra Plains of Ghana, West Africa}, journal = {Z. S{\"a}ugetierk.}, volume = {62}, number = {3}, year = {1997}, month = {1997a}, pages = {129-142}, abstract = {Bat communities were sampled with mist nets at eight localities on the Accra Plains and two localities in the Northern Region of Ghana. I encountered five species of fruit bats (Pteropodidae) and 26 species from seven families of Microchiroptera in a total of 252 bats netted. Glauconycteris poensis, Hipposideros cyclops, and H. abae were caught only in sacred groves protected by traditional law, whereas Taphozous perforatus was netted only near rocky cliffs in the legally protected Shai Hills Resource Reserve. Myonycteris torquata and Myotis bocagei were caught only at the edge of experimental forest plots in the northeastern part of the Accra Plains near the lower Volta River. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between canopy cover and bat species abundance and diversity. Relatively open savanna at Shai Hills located close to bodies of water apparently had the greatest diversity and abundance of bats. The diversity of bats on the Accra Plains slightly exceeded published data from other savanna regions in West Africa.}, keywords = {[Chaerephon pumilus] Tadarida pumila, [Chaerephon] Tadarida nigeriae, [Mops condylurus] Tadarida condylura, [Neoromicia] Eptesicus capensis, [Neoromicia] Eptesicus guineensis, [Neoromicia] Eptesicus rendalli, allopatric, Artenzahl, behaviour, biodiversity, Chiroptera, communities, conservation, Dahomey Gap, distribution, ecology, Eidolon helvum, Emballonuridae, Epomophorus gambianus, Epomops franqueti, Faunistik, first record, Flederm{\"a}use, foraging, Ghana, Glauconycteris poensis, Glauconycteris variegata, guilds, habitat preferences, Hangpl{\"a}tze, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros abae, Hipposideros beatus [caffer], Hipposideros commersoni, Hipposideros cyclops, Hipposideros ruber, Lavia frons, Mammalia, Megadermatidae, Micropteropus pusillus, migration, Molossidae, morphology, Myonycteris torquata, Myotis bocagei, Nycteridae, Nycteris hispida, Nycteris macrotis, Nycticeinops schlieffenei [schlieffenii], Pipistrellus aegyptiacus, Pipistrellus nanulus, Pteropodidae, reproduction, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus landeri, roosting behaviour, Scotoecus albofuscus, Scotophilus dinganii, Scotophilus leucogaster, Scotophilus viridis nigritellus, sympatric, Taphozous perforatus, Vegetation, Vespertilionidae, West Africa}, author = {Decher, J.} } @article {3967, title = {Bat predation by small carnivores in a central African rainforest}, journal = {Z. S{\"a}ugetierk.}, volume = {62}, number = {2}, year = {1997}, month = {1997}, pages = {86-92}, abstract = {Fragments of four species of bats (Mops cf. spurrelli, Nycteris arge, Hipposideros cyclops, H. ruber) were identified in scats of small carnivores collected in a tropical rainforest of Central African Republic. For all four species the Dzanga forest constitutes the second locality record in this country. Genets (Genetta servalina) and long-nosed mongoose (Herpestes naso) were identified as the predator species. Bats occurred in only 0.4\% of the scats analyzed. The few examples refer to bat species which roost solitarily or in small groups. Their presence in the scats can be attributed to chance encounters. Large bat colonies seem to be rare or inaccessible in the study area.}, keywords = {Beutespektrum, Carnivora, Central Africa, Central African Republic, Chiroptera, day roosts, ecology, Flederm{\"a}use, Genetta servalina, habitat preferences, Herpestes naso, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros cyclops, Hipposideros ruber, Mammalia, Molossidae, Mops spurrelli, Nycteridae, Nycteris arge, predation pressure, prey selection, roosting behaviour}, author = {Hutterer, R. and Ray, J. C.} } @article {3196, title = {Cave utilisation by Namibian bats: Population, microclimate and roost selection}, journal = {S. Afr. J. Wildl. Res.}, volume = {27}, number = {2}, year = {1997}, month = {1997}, pages = {44-50}, abstract = {Ten caves in central Namibia were searched for cave bats during May and June 1996. Up to seven species were found sharing a single cave. Different species of bats were found to select roost sites with significantly different microclimates, based on temperature and relative humidity. Bats were using these caves as over-wintering sites and were selecting either cool microclimates in which to enter daily torpor or warm microclimates to enable them to remain active with minimal energy expenditure. Hipposideros commersoni was observed to remain inactive at the roost for days without entering torpor or leaving the cave to forage. This large bat appears to over-winter by relying on its considerable fat store at this southern limit of its distribution. Roost behaviour, colony size and roost location within the cave was examined for each of the nine bat species encountered.}, keywords = {Aves, behaviour, caves, Chiroptera, colony size, day roosts, hibernation, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros caffer, Hipposideros commersoni [vittatus], humidity, microclimate, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus inflatus [natalensis?], Miniopterus schreibersii, Namibia, Nycteridae, Nycteris thebaica, predation, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus clivosus, Rhinolophus darlingi, Rhinolophus denti, Rhinolophus fumigatus, Southern Africa, Strigiformes, temperature, torpor, Tyto alba}, author = {Churchill, S. K. and Draper, R. and Marais, E.} } @article {3779, title = {Conservation of mammals on a tobacco farm on the highlands of Malawi}, journal = {Biodiver. Conserv.}, volume = {6}, number = {6}, year = {1997}, month = {1997a}, pages = {837-852}, abstract = {The natural vegetation of the Shire Highlands of Malawi has become fragmented because of human activities. As a consequence, some species of mammals have become locally extinct and the population numbers and geographical ranges of other species have declined. This study investigated the species richness of mammals on a commercial tobacco farm, and the importance of remnants of natural vegetation on farms for the conservation of mammals. The farm covered 180 ha and supported 44 species of mammals (equivalent to 66\% of the species known to occur in the Shire Highlands at a similar altitude, and 24\% of the total mammalian fauna of Malawi). Most of the species were bats (22 species) and rodents (13 species). The largest remnants of natural {\textquoteright}miombo{\textquoteright} woodland supported more species and more individuals than smaller remnants. The high species richness was due, in part, to the variety of different habitats on the farm ({\textquoteright}miombo{\textquoteright} woodland, riverine forest, grassland, swamp, streams and dams), as well as to good conservation practices. The farm is especially important for the conservation of 13 species which are rare and/or have limited geographical ranges in Malawi. It is suggested that well-managed farms which contain remnants of natural vegetation can play a significant role in the conservation of mammals, and other vertebrates, in Central Africa.}, keywords = {[Chaerephon pumilus] Tadarida pumila, [Mops condylurus] Tadarida condylura, [Neoromicia nana] Pipistrellus nanus, [Neoromicia somalica] Eptesicus somalicus, [Pipistrellus grandidieri] Eptesicus flavescens, agriculture, biodiversity, Chiroptera, communities, conservation, distribution, ecology, Epomophorus gambianus [crypturus], Epomophorus labiatus, Epomophorus wahlbergi, farmland, habitat preferences, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros commersoni [vittatus], Laephotis botswanae, land use, Malawi, Mammalia, Molossidae, Myotis bocagii, Myotis welwitschii, Nycteridae, Nycteris hispida, Nycteris thebaica, Pipistrellus kuhlii [hesperidus], Pteropodidae, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus blasii, Rhinolophus fumigatus, Rhinolophus simulator, Rodentia, Scotoecus hirundo, Scotophilus dinganii, Scotophilus viridis, Shire Highlands, Southern Africa, species richness, Triaenops persicus [afer], Vegetation, Verbreitung, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Happold, D. C. D. and Happold, M.} } @article {3309, title = {Conservation, small mammals, and the future of sacred groves in West Africa}, journal = {Biodiver. Conserv.}, volume = {6}, number = {7}, year = {1997}, month = {1997b}, pages = {1007-1026}, abstract = {This article considers the conservation of relict natural habitat in West Africa, especially habitat preserved in traditional sacred groves. Government-sanctioned conservation is contrasted with local grassroots efforts of conservation. Evidence for the ecological value of sacred groves is based on results of a field study of small mammal communities conducted on the Accra Plains of Ghana and on published sources on the conservation and use of sacred groves from various countries. The study employed standard mark-and-recapture techniques for the sampling for terrestrial small mammals, and mist netting for the sampling of bat communities. Pragmatic approaches combining conservation and sustainable use are considered, as are traditional values that have preserved the sacred groves in the past for up to several hundred years in some cases. In part because these groves shelter unique small mammal and plant communities, traditional values and protection mechanisms should be integrated into the newly emerging cultural and religious contexts. The issues encountered during this study reveal that effective conservation involving local peoples requires a concerted interdisciplinary effort.}, keywords = {biodiversity, Chiroptera, communities, conservation, Dahomey Gap, distribution, ecology, Eidolon helvum, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, Ghana, habitat preferences, land use, Mammalia, plants, Pteropodidae, rainforests, Rodentia, sacred forests, sacred groves, Soricomorpha, species richness, sympatric, Vegetation, Verbreitung, West Africa, zoogeography}, author = {Decher, J.} } @article {3407, title = {Cranial shape in fruit, nectar, and exudate feeders: Implications for interpreting the fossil record}, journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology}, volume = {102}, number = {2}, year = {1997}, month = {1997}, pages = {187-202}, abstract = {At least 29 species of fossil primates have been referred to fruit, nectar, and/or exudate feeding dietary niches. Many studies have detailed the morphological correlates of fruit feeding in comparison to insectivory and folivory. In contrast, few studies have sought to differentiate the morphological correlates of fruit feeding from those of nectar and exudate feeding. This study investigates the differences between fruit, nectar, and exudate feeders using 22 cranial and dentary shape variables representing 28 species of living marsupials, bats, and primates. Discriminant function analysis is used to investigate the differences between these dietary categories using both the complete data set and a reduced data set composed of variables that might reasonably be available from fragmentary fossil material. The success rates of post-hoc classifications are 94 and 88\%, respectively. These results demonstrate that it is possible to discriminate among fruit, nectar, and exudate feeders among fossil taxa with a reasonable degree of certainty using the data and techniques outlined here. Nectar feeders exhibit a unique combination of features that are associated with reduced masticatory strength and their role as pollination agents. Exudate feeder skulls and dentaries exhibit a combination of features that reflect the high stresses encountered by the anterior dentition through bark gouging behavior. Fruit feeders are morphologically diverse, exhibiting cranial and mandibular shape values that overlap with both nectar and exudate feeders. It is suggested that this diversity reflects the variety of physical properties represented among fruits, and the tendency for individual frugivore species to specialize on particular fruits.}, keywords = {Acrobates pygmaeus, Anoura geoffroyi, Artibeus jamaicensis, Callithrix jacchus, Caluromys philander, Carollia perspicillata, Cebuella pygmaea, Centurio senex, Cercartetus nanus, Chiroptera, Choeronycteris mexicana, Eidolon helvum, Epomophorus gambianus, Erophylla sezekorni, Euoticus elegantulus, Glossophaga soricina, Leptonycteris nivalis, Macroglossus minimus, Marsupialia, Megaloglossus woermanni, Microcebus murinus, Micropteropus pusillus, Perodicticus potto, Petaurus breviceps, Phyllostomidae, Platyrrhinus helleri, Primates, Pteropodidae, Pygoderma bilabiatum, Rousettus aegyptiacus, Saguinus fuscicollis, Sturnira lilium, Syconycteris australis}, author = {Dumont, E. R} } @article {3460, title = {The diet of Pteropus voeltzkowi, an endangered fruit bat endemic to Pemba Island, Tanzania}, journal = {Afr. J. Ecol.}, volume = {35}, number = {4}, year = {1997}, month = {1997b}, pages = {351-360}, abstract = {The diet of the Pemba flying fox Pteropus voeltzkowi, a species endemic to the island of Pemba off Tanzania, was investigated. Faecal pellets, ejecta and dropped fruits were collected from under roosts to facilitate dietary analysis. This was supplemented by data from local villagers and school students. The main component of the diet was mango (Mangifera indica), but bats also ate breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis), figs (Ficus spp.), flowers, leaves, and other fruit. Pollen from at least five plant species was also found in faecal pellets. Pteropus voeltzkowi may be one of the only species on the island that disperses larger seeds. The germination rate of bat-ingested seeds was higher than that for seeds from ripe fruit, and this appeared to be linked to selective ingestion of viable seeds by bats.}, keywords = {animal-plant interactions, behaviour, Chiroptera, conservation, diet breadth, distribution, East Africa, ecology, food distribution, foraging, frugivory, habitat preferences, Indian Ocean, island biogeography, Mammalia, Nahrung, Nahrungsspektrum, Nahrungswahl, Pemba, Pteropodidae, Pteropus voeltzkowi, seed dispersal, Tanzania, Vegetation}, author = {Entwistle, A. C. and Corp, N.} } @article {4961, title = {The diets of two high-flying bats from Africa}, journal = {J. Zool. (Lond.)}, volume = {242}, number = {1}, year = {1997}, month = {1997}, pages = {69-76}, abstract = {The diets of two fast-flying, aerial-hawking bats from north-east Africa (Ethiopia) were investigated by means of faecal analysis. Otomops martiensseni (Molossidae; c. 35 g body mass), which is remarkably specialized morphologically with very long, narrow wings and large ears, and which uses low frequency echolocation (10 kHz), feeds almost exclusively (97\% by volume) on moths, mostly of large species. The smaller (20 g) Taphozous perforatus (Emballonuridae) also has long, narrow wings but short ears and is less morphologically extreme than Otomops. It feeds on moths (56\%), but also on many other insect groups such as Isoptera (14\%), Coleoptera (10\%), Orthoptera (8\%), as well as Hemiptera, Neuroptera, Hymenoptera and Diptera. Otomops martiensseni, in particular, appears to be a highly specialized moth predator.}, keywords = {Africa, Beutespektrum, Chiroptera, diet, echolocation, ecology, Emballonuridae, Ethiopia, feeding habits, Flederm{\"a}use, foraging, insectivory, Mammalia, Molossidae, morphology, Nahrung, Nahrungsspektrum, Otomops martiensseni, prey selection, Rwanda, Taphozous perforatus}, author = {Rydell, J. and Yalden, D. W.} } @article {3630, title = {Ebola-Virus in Flederm{\"a}usen}, journal = {Naturw. Rsch.}, volume = {50}, number = {9}, year = {1997}, month = {1997}, pages = {364}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, Ebola, epidemics, Filoviridae, Flederm{\"a}use, hosts, infectious diseases, parasitism, Primates}, author = {Gebhardt, U.} } @article {3251, title = {Elephants, woodlands and biodiversity in southern Africa}, journal = {S. Afr. J. Sci.}, volume = {93}, number = {5}, year = {1997}, month = {1997}, pages = {231-236}, abstract = {When elephant densities exceed approximately 0.5 per km2, savanna woodlands are generally converted to shrublands or grasslands. The impact of such elephant-mediated habitat change on biodiversity in African game reserves has seldom been measured. We examined species richness of woody plants, birds, bats, mantises and ants in reserves where elephants had destroyed the miombo woodland and in adjacent but intact miombo woodlands outside the reserves. Species richness of woodland birds and ants was significantly lower where elephants had removed the tree canopy. Our findings may have important policy implications for conserving biodiversity in many African reserves in the face of rapidly growing elephant populations (approximately 5\% per annum). The problem is further compounded by international public pressures against reducing elephant densities within game reserves while, outside these protected areas, savanna woodlands and their associated faunas are being lost to agriculture. Where then will refugia for habitat-sensitive species exist if not within the region{\textquoteright}s largest protected areas?}, keywords = {abundance, animal-plant interactions, Aves, behaviour, biodiversity, Chiroptera, communities, conservation, degradation, density, distribution, ecology, Formicidae, grasslands, habitat preferences, Hymenoptera, Loxodonta africana, Mammalia, miombo woodland, South Africa, species richness, Vegetation, Verbreitung, woody plants}, author = {Cumming, D. H. M. and Fenton, M. B. and Rautenbach, I. L. and Taylor, R. D. and Cumming, G. S. and Cumming, M. S. and Dunlop, J. M. and Ford, A. G. and Hovorka, M. D. and Johnston, D. S. and Kalcounis, M. C. and Mahlanga, Z. and Portfors, C. V.} } @article {3151, title = {Environmental change, extinction and human activity: Evidence from caves in NW Madagascar}, journal = {J. Biogeogr.}, volume = {24}, number = {6}, year = {1997}, month = {1997}, pages = {755-767}, abstract = {In the last 2000 years, changes on the island of Madagascar have resulted in the modification of key environments and the extinction of nearly all large native animals. Humans have long been suspected as the primary cause of this ecological catastrophe, but the exact mechanisms of the island{\textquoteright}s rapid transformation and the role of natural factors such as climate change remain uncertain. Caves in northwestern Madagascar are helping researchers to disentangle these factors, by providing many types of datable information concerning the past in close physical proximity. U-series dated pollen spectra from the caverns of Anjohibe provide a 40,000-year record of vegetation in the vicinity. Bone deposits from caves in the region provide new site records for extinct taxa, including Babakotia radofilai Godfrey et al. 1990, Plesiorycteropus madagascariensis Filhol 1895, and Mullerornis sp. Several extant taxa that were present in the region in the late Holocene are now locally extinct. Archaeological evidence from the caves suggests little or no human activity in the vicinity or interaction with the fauna at these sites until recent centuries.}, keywords = {Africa, archaeology, Aves, caves, Chiroptera, Eidolon dupreanum, extinction, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros commersonii, human impact, Indian Ocean, Madagascar, Mammalia, palaeontology, paleobiogeography, Pteropodidae, Rousettus madagascariensis, Triaenops furculus}, url = {Burney et al. 1997.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2699.1997.00146.x}, author = {Burney, D. and James, H. and Grady, F. V. and Rafamantanantsoa, J.-G. and Ramilisonina, and Wright, H. and Cowart, J.} } @article {4065, title = {Evolutionary relationships among the African fruit bats: Rousettus egyptiacus, R. angolensis, and Myonycteris}, journal = {J. Mamm.}, volume = {78}, number = {3}, year = {1997}, month = {1997}, pages = {766-774}, abstract = {Genetic relationships among Rousettus egyptiacus, R. angolensis, Myonycteris torquata, and M. brachycephala were studied based on a starch-gel electrophoretic analysis of 31 presumptive loci encoding 22 enzymatic systems. Data were analyzed by both phenetic and phylogenetic procedures, considering both allele and loci as characters. All of the analyses (both quantitative and qualitative) showed a high level of concordance in establishing R. (Lissonycteris) angolensis, M. torquata, and M. brachycephala as a monophyletic group. Nevertheless, none of the analyses was clearly able to identify sister groups among these taxa. Based on the evidence generated here and from previous independent datasets, the maintenance of Lissonycteris within the genus Rousettus is not sustainable.}, keywords = {Africa, allozymes, Chiroptera, evolution, genetics, Gulf of Guinea, island biogeography, Lissonycteris angolensis, Mammalia, Myonycteris brachycephala, Myonycteris torquata, Phygetis, phylogeny, Pteropodidae, Rousettus aegyptiacus, S{\~a}o Tom{\'e}, speciation, systematics, taxonomy}, author = {Juste B., J. and Ib{\'a}{\~n}ez, C. and Machordom, A.} } @article {5441, title = {Facultative storage of spermatozoa by the female Geoffroy{\textquoteright}s horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus clivosus)}, journal = {Can. J. Zool.}, volume = {75}, number = {12}, year = {1997}, month = {1997}, pages = {2142-2146}, abstract = {The winter breeding biology of Rhinolophus clivosus on the Gauteng Highveld, South Africa (25{\textdegree}S), was investigated. In contrast with a previous study in Natal (29{\textdegree}S), spermatozoa were not found to be stored in the uterine lumen and glands, since the spermatozoa were phagocytosed by polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the uterus. Only 25\% of the females collected contained spermatozoa in their uterotubal junctions and oviducts, where the spermatozoa were oriented towards the epithelium with their heads parallel to one another, an arrangement that is characteristic of sperm-storage sites. The uteri of 66\% of the females were infiltrated by large numbers of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, most probably in response to recent inseminations. The results indicate that only 25\% of the females retained spermatozoa in their reproductive tracts for an undetermined length of time, whereas 66\% of the females were most likely inseminated but did not store spermatozoa for the duration of the winter (May to August). In contrast with R. clivosus in Natal, females of this species on the Gauteng Highveld do not uniformly store spermatozoa for prolonged periods and sperm storage seems to be the responsibility of the males. This illustrates the divergent geographic variability in the reproduction of this species.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Flederm{\"a}use, Mammalia, physiology, reproduction, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus clivosus, seasonality, South Africa, sperm storage}, author = {Wessels, K. J. and van der Merwe, M.} } @article {3565, title = {High-altitude pursuit of insects by echolocating bats}, journal = {J. Mamm.}, volume = {78}, number = {1}, year = {1997}, month = {1997}, pages = {247-250}, abstract = {Bat detectors on helium-filled kite balloons revealed echolocating bats active at altitudes <= 600 m above the ground over Brachystegia woodland in the Sengwa Wildlife Research Area, Zimbabwe. Feeding buzzes indicated that bats were actively foraging to 600 m. At least seven species of bats were detected, including six molossids and one emballonurid.}, keywords = {activity patterns, altitude, behaviour, Beuteortung, Chiroptera, communities, diet, distribution, echolocation, ecology, elevation, Emballonuridae, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, food distribution, foraging, habitat preferences, Mammalia, Molossidae, Mops, morphology, Nahrung, Otomops martiensseni, Southern Africa, species richness, Tadarida, Taphozous, Verbreitung, Zimbabwe}, author = {Fenton, M. B. and Griffin, D. R.} } @article {3410, title = {Coleura afra}, journal = {Mammalian Species}, number = {566}, year = {1997}, month = {1997}, pages = {1-4}, keywords = {Africa, behaviour, Chiroptera, Coleura afra, distribution, ecology, Emballonuridae, identification key, morphology, review, systematics, taxonomy}, author = {Dunlop, J.} } @article {3143, title = {Rhinolophus landeri}, journal = {Mammalian Species}, number = {567}, year = {1997}, month = {1997}, pages = {1-4}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, review, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus landeri}, author = {Brown, K. M. and Dunlop, J.} } @article {2970, title = {Mammalogy in the Republic of Guinea: An overview of research from 1946 to 1996, a preliminary check-list and a summary of research recommendations for the future}, journal = {Mammal Rev.}, volume = {27}, number = {3}, year = {1997}, month = {1997}, pages = {115-164}, abstract = {The mammal fauna of Guinea is one of the least well-known in West Africa. This review has been prepared to bring together the scattered literature, and in the hope of stimulating research and identifying topics, geographical localities and habitats where knowledge is most limited. It covers some 411 biological publications, attempting to review all relevant material concerning terrestrial and freshwater aquatic mammals of Guinea published between 1946 and July 1996. Veterinary papers and those on domestic or introduced species have been excluded, as have those on Cetacea. Taxonomic literature is considered only insofar as it is relevant to biogeographical matters. The paper is divided into two parts: the first reviews information on the biology, ecology, natural history and biogeography of Guinea{\textquoteright}s mammals; the second part looks at threats, conservation measures and laws, and summarizes recommendations for future research. A preliminary check-list and a list of suggested priorities for future mammalogical research are provided.}, keywords = {biodiversity, checklist, Chiroptera, conservation, distribution, ecology, Faunistik, Guinea, habitat preferences, Mammalia, Primates, species richness, Vegetation, West Africa, zoogeography}, author = {Barnett, A. A. and Prangley, M. L.} } @article {3729, title = {The mammals of Kilimanjaro}, journal = {J. East Afr. nat. Hist.}, volume = {84}, year = {1997}, month = {1997 [for 1995]}, pages = {105-139}, abstract = {This paper presents an up to date account of 154 mammal species recorded on Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania, and the surrounding area, from 1883 to the present, when 128 species are known to occur. Old records are reviewed and several new records added, while four recorded species have been excluded. One species, the black rhinoceros, is reported to have become extinct; another, the klipspringer, does not now occur in the area. Evidence for its alleged former presence and extinction is assessed. Red deer, introduced to Kilimanjaro during the German colonial period, is now extinct on the mountain. Other reported extinctions and colonisations of mammal species on Kilimanjaro are discussed and 19 marginal species or taxa for which further information is needed are mentioned for completeness.}, keywords = {[Lissonycteris] Rousettus angolensis, [Neoromicia nana] Eptesicus tenuipinnis, [Neoromicia nana] Pipistrellus nanus, Cardioderma cor, Chaerephon ansorgei, Chaerephon bemmeleni cistura [cisturus], Chaerephon pumilus, checklist, Chiroptera, East Africa, Eidolon helvum, Emballonuridae, Epomophorus labiatus, Epomophorus wahlbergi, Glauconycteris poensis, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros caffer, Lavia frons, Mammalia, Megadermatidae, Mimetillus moloneyi, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus schreibersii, Molossidae, Mount Kilimanjaro, Nycteridae, Nycteris hispida, Nycteris thebaica, Pteropodidae, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus clivosus, Rhinolophus fumigatus, Rhinolophus landeri, Rousettus aegyptiacus, Rousettus lanosus, Scotophilus dinganii, Tadarida fulminans, Tadarida ventralis, Tanzania, Taphozous mauritianus, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Grimshaw, J. M. and Cordeiro, N. J. and Foley, C. A. H.} } @article {2913, title = {Mammals recorded in the QwaQwa National Park (1994-1995)}, journal = {Koedoe}, volume = {40}, number = {1}, year = {1997}, month = {1997}, pages = {31-40}, abstract = {Distribution, relative abundance, and habitat preferences of mammals were studied in the newly proclaimed QwaQwa National Park (QQNP) and compared with those of the adjacent 33 year-old Golden Gate Highlands National Park, a nearby protected area in the KwaZulu-Natal Drakensberg, Lesotho, and the rest of the Free State Province. In total, 53 mammal species were recorded inside the park and the probability of another 14 likely inhabitants, discussed. The fact that the QQNP contains ca. 70 \% of mammalian fauna recorded in the Free State and between five and 10 Red Data species stresses the importance of this park and the necessity for correct management of this ca. 21 000 ha conservation area. The low small mammal numbers, variety, and mean diversity found on 17 transects in the QQNP is attributed to previous human habitation and activities {\textendash} some of which are still present in the park.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Cistugidae, Cistugo lesueuri, distribution, Mammalia, Molossidae, Myotis tricolor, Neoromicia capensis, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus capensis, South Africa, Tadarida aegyptiaca, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Avenant, N. L.} } @article {4090, title = {New distribution records of bats in KwaZulu-Natal}, journal = {Durban Mus. Novit.}, volume = {22}, year = {1997}, month = {1997}, pages = {53-56}, abstract = {New distribution records are documented for four species of Microchiroptera, including two which are new to South Africa (Scotoecus albofuscus (Thomas 1890) and Eptesicus rendalli (Thomas 1889)), one which is new to KwaZulu-Natal (Laephotis cf. wintoni Thomas 1901), and one which represents a significant range extension within KwaZulu-Natal (Pipistrellus anchietai (Seabra 1900)).}, keywords = {[Neoromicia] Eptesicus rendalli, Chiroptera, distribution, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, Laephotis cf. wintoni, Mammalia, morphology, Pipistrellus anchietai [anchietae], Scotoecus albofuscus, South Africa, systematics, taxonomy, Verbreitung, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Kearney, T. C. and Taylor, P. J.} } @article {2896, title = {A new perspective on the zoogeography of the sibling mouse-eared bat species Myotis myotis and Myotis blythii: Morphological, genetical and ecological evidence}, journal = {J. Zool. (Lond.)}, volume = {242}, number = {1}, year = {1997}, month = {1997b}, pages = {45-62}, abstract = {The actual geographic distribution of the two sibling mouse-eared bat species Myotis myotis and Myotis blythii, which occur widely sympatrically in the western Palaearctic region, remains largely controversial. This concerns particularly the specific attribution of marginal populations from the Mediterranean islands and from adjacent areas of North Africa and Asia, which are morphologically intermediate between continental M. myotis and M. blythii from Europe. This study attempts to clarify this question by using four different approaches: cranial morphology, external morphology, genetics and trophic ecology. The three latter methods show unambiguously that North Africa, Malta, Sardinia and Corsica are presently inhabited by monospecific populations of M. myotis. In contrast, cranial morphometrics do not yield conclusive results. These results contradict all recent studies, which attribute North African and Maltese mouse-eared bats to M. blythii and consider that Sardinia and Corsica harbour sympatric populations of the two species. As concerns south-eastern populations, doubts are also expressed about the attribution of the subspecific taxon omari which may actually refer to M. myotis instead of M. blythii. Protein electrophoresis is presently the only absolute method available for determining M. myotis and M. blythii throughout their distribution ranges. However, species identification may be approached by relying on less sophisticated morphometrical methods as presented in this study. Species-specific habitat specializations are probably responsible for the differences observed between the geographic distributions of M. myotis and M. blythii, as they provide a logical groundwork for a coherent model of speciation for these two bat species.}, keywords = {allopatric, allozymes, biogeography, Chiroptera, Corsica, distribution, ecology, Europe, evolution, Flederm{\"a}use, genetics, habitat preferences, Mammalia, morphology, Myotis blythii, Myotis myotis, North Africa, Sardinia, sibling species, speciation, species richness, sympatric, systematics, taxonomy, Verbreitung, Vespertilionidae, zoogeography}, author = {Arlettaz, R. and Ruedi, M. and Ib{\'a}{\~n}ez, C. and Palmeirim, J. M. and Hausser, J.} } @article {3784, title = {New records of bats (Chiroptera: Mammalia) from Malawi, east-central Africa, with an assessment of their status and conservation}, journal = {J. nat. Hist.}, volume = {31}, number = {5}, year = {1997}, month = {1997b}, pages = {805-836}, abstract = {This paper reports 97 new species-locality records of bats from Malawi. Of particular interest are four species of bats (Rhinolophus swinnyi, Triaenops persicus, Eptesicus flavescens, Tadarida nigeriae) which have not been recorded previously from Malawi. The relative status of bats in Malawi was estimated and the species were placed in five categories ranging from {\textquoteright}rarely-recorded{\textquoteright} to {\textquoteright}very commonly-recorded{\textquoteright}. Of the 59 species of bats known to occur in Malawi, 28 are rarely-recorded in Malawi. The relative status and species-locality records of bats were analysed to assess which species, and which localities, need special conservation effort. Seventeen species which are rare throughout their ranges in Africa as well as being rarely-recorded or seldom-recorded in Malawi, are considered to require special effort. Checklists of bats are given for 11 localities, including Liwonde NP in the Upper Shire Valley (29 spp.), two localities on the Shire Highlands (28, 22 spp.), Thyolo on the boundary between the Shire Highlands and Phalombe Plain (22 spp.), and Chiromo in the Lower Shire valley (30 spp.), which have particularly rich bat faunas. Localities in need of urgent conservation effort include Ntchisi FR in the Central Region, and Chiromo. Ninety-two percent of the species of bats known to occur in Malawi have been recorded from the Southern Region. Most of these species will probably continue to survive in southern Malawi provided that the National Parks (especially Liwonde NP) are maintained and well-managed, and there is no further destruction of the indigenous vegetation at Chiromo and Thyolo, and on the Shire Highlands.}, keywords = {[Chaerephon pumilus] Tadarida pumila, [Chaerephon] Tadarida nigeriae, [Mops condylurus] Tadarida condylura, [Neoromicia nana] Pipistrellus nanus, [Neoromicia] Eptesicus capensis, [Neoromicia] Eptesicus melckorum, [Neoromicia] Eptesicus rendalli, [Neoromicia] Eptesicus zuluensis, [Nycticeinops] Nycticeius schlieffenii, [Pipistrellus grandidieri] Eptesicus flavescens, biodiversity, Chiroptera, conservation, distribution, ecology, Eidolon helvum, Emballonuridae, Epomophorus labiatus, Epomophorus wahlbergi, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, Glauconycteris variegata, habitat preferences, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros commersoni [vittatus], Hipposideros ruber, Kerivoula argentata, Laephotis botswanae, Malawi, Mammalia, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus fraterculus, Miniopterus schreibersii, Molossidae, Myotis bocagei, Myotis tricolor, Myotis welwitschii, Nycteridae, Nycteris grandis, Nycteris hispida, Nycteris macrotis, Nycteris thebaica, Pipistrellus kuhlii [hesperidus], Pipistrellus rueppellii, Pteropodidae, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus blasii, Rhinolophus clivosus, Rhinolophus fumigatus, Rhinolophus hildebrandti, Rhinolophus simulator, Rhinolophus swinnyi, Rousettus aegyptiacus, Scotoecus albofuscus, Scotoecus hirundo, Scotophilus dinganii, Scotophilus viridis, Southern Africa, species richness, systematics, Taphozous mauritianus, taxonomy, Triaenops persicus [afer], Vespertilionidae}, author = {Happold, M. and Happold, D. C. D.} } @article {4363, title = {Noteworthy records of bats from the Central African Republic}, journal = {Bat Research News}, volume = {38}, number = {2}, year = {1997}, month = {1997}, pages = {19-20}, keywords = {[Casinycteris] Casinycertis argynnis, [Glauconycteris] Chalinolobus beatrix, Central Africa, Central African Republic, Chiroptera, Epomops franqueti, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros commersoni gigas, Hipposideros cyclops, Myotis bocagei, Nycteridae, Nycteris hispida, Pteropodidae, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus alcyone, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Lunde, D. P. and Beresford, P.} } @article {3315, title = {Noteworthy records of small mammals from Ghana with special emphasis on the Accra Plains}, journal = {Ann. Carn. Mus.}, volume = {66}, number = {2}, year = {1997}, month = {1997}, pages = {209-227}, abstract = {In this paper we describe new or additional records of four species of shrews (Soricidae), nine species of bats (Hipposideridae, Vespertilionidae, Molossidae), and one species of rodent (Muridae) from Ghana. These records add to our knowledge of the distribution of small mammals in Ghana especially those occurring on the Accra Plains. A zoogeographic explanation for these distributional data is sought in the context of the Dahomey Gap phenomenon.}, keywords = {[Neoromicia] Eptesicus capensis, [Neoromicia] Eptesicus guineensis, biogeography, Chiroptera, Dahomey Gap, ecology, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, Glauconycteris variegata, habitat preferences, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros abae, Mammalia, Molossidae, morphology, Myotis bocagei, Nycticeinops schlieffeni, Otomops martiensseni, Pipistrellus aegyptius, Pipistrellus nanulus, Scotoecus albofuscus, species richness, systematics, taxonomy, Vegetation, Vespertilionidae, West Africa, zoogeography}, author = {Decher, J. and Schlitter, D. A. and Hutterer, R.} } @article {3921, title = {Old World fruitbat phylogeny: Evidence for convergent evolution and an endemic African clade}, journal = {Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA}, volume = {94}, number = {11}, year = {1997}, note = {see Kirsch et al. 1995, Springer et al. 1995}, month = {1997}, pages = {5716-5721}, abstract = {Knud Andersen (1912, Catalogue of the Chiroptera in the Collections of the British Museum: I. Megachiroptera, British Museum of Natural History, London) divided Old World fruitbats (family Pteropodidae) into the rousettine, cynopterine, epomophorine, eonycterine, and notopterine sections. The latter two sections comprise the subfamily Macroglossinae; members of this subfamily exhibit specializations for nectarivory (e.g., elongated, protrusible, brushy tongues) and cluster together in cladistic analyses based on anatomical characters. Other evidence, including single-copy DNA hybridization, suggests that macroglossines are either paraphyletic or polyphyletic; this implies that adaptations for pollen and nectar feeding evolved independently in different macroglossine lineages or were lost in nonmacroglossines after evolving in a more basal common ancestor. Hybridization data also contradict Andersen{\textquoteright}s phylogeny in providing support for an endemic African clade that includes representatives of three of Andersen{\textquoteright}s sections. Here, we present complete mitochondrial 12S rRNA and valine tRNA gene sequences for 20 pteropodids, including representatives of all of Andersen{\textquoteright}s sections, and examine the aforementioned controversies. Maximum likelihood, minimum evolution, and maximum parsimony analyses all contradict macroglossine monophyly and provide support for an African clade that associates Megaloglossus and Lissonycteris and those two with Epomophorus. In conjunction with the DNA hybridization results, there are now independent lines of molecular evidence suggesting: (i) convergent evolution of specializations for nectarivory, at least in Megaloglossus versus other macroglossines, and (ii) a previously unrecognized clade of endemic Africa taxa. Estimates of divergence time based on 12S rRNA and DNA hybridization data are also in good agreement and suggest that extant fruitbats trace back to a common ancestor 25 million to 36 million years ago.}, keywords = {12S rRNA, Africa, Asia, Chiroptera, distribution, ecology, Macroglossinae, Mammalia, Megaloglossus, molecular genetics, morphology, phylogeny, Pteropodidae, speciation, systematics, taxonomy, zoogeography}, author = {Hollar, L. J. and Springer, M. S.} } @article {4404, title = {Origins of horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus, Rhinolophidae) in southern Africa: Evidence from allozyme variability}, journal = {Journal of Mammalian Evolution}, volume = {4}, number = {3}, year = {1997}, month = {1997}, pages = {195-215}, abstract = {Morphological analyses indicate that horsehose bats in the genus Rhinolophus constitute a monophyletic group which most likely originated in southeastern Asia but which presently inhabits Oriental, Australian, Palaearctic, and Ethiopian zoogeographical provinces. Ten species occur in southern Africa, but it is uncertain which species represent dispersals from Eurasia through North Africa and which have resulted from speciation in Africa. Analyses of 34 allozyme encoding loci in these 10 species and in 2 southern African species of leafnose bats in the sister genus Hipposideros reveal the presence of at least three lineages of Rhinolophus in southern Africa. One lineage includes R. clivosus, R. darlingi, R. fumigatus, and R. hildebrandtii, all of which, except R. clivosus, are endemic to sub-Saharan Africa. Rhinolophus blasii is genetically allied with, but distinct from this group, and appears to be a recent migrant from another lineage centered on the Mediterranean. A third lineage, including at least R. capensis, R. denti, R. simulator, and R. swinnyi, is endemic to sub-Saharan Africa. The phylogenetic position of R. landeri is uncertain, most likely because of the small sample size used to estimate allelic frequencies for this species. The biochemical genetic definitions of these lineages largely agree with previous morphological analyses of Rhinolophus species. Divergences between species within two lineages (R. clivosus, R. darlingi, R. fumigatus, and R. hildebrandtii; and R. capensis, R. denti, R. simulator, and R. swinnyi) appear to reflect two bursts of speciation in the Plio-Pleistocene period within Africa.}, keywords = {allopatric, allozymes, biodiversity, Chiroptera, distribution, endemic, evolution, Flederm{\"a}use, genetics, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros caffer, Hipposideros commersoni [vittatus], Malawi, Mammalia, phylogeny, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus blasii, Rhinolophus capensis, Rhinolophus clivosus, Rhinolophus darlingi, Rhinolophus denti, Rhinolophus fumigatus, Rhinolophus hildebrandtii, Rhinolophus landeri, Rhinolophus simulator, Rhinolophus swinnyi, South Africa, Southern Africa, speciation, species richness, sympatric, systematics, taxonomy, zoogeography}, author = {Maree, S. and Grant, W. S.} } @article {5396, title = {Peripheral blood characteristics of gravid Schreibers{\textquoteright} long-fingered bats, Miniopterus schreibersii natalensis (Microchiroptera: Vespertilionidae).}, journal = {S. Afr. J. Sci.}, volume = {93}, number = {9}, year = {1997}, month = {1997}, pages = {414-418}, abstract = {The high erythrocyte count of bats is generally considered an adaptation for the high metabolic requirements of flight. The results from 24 gravid Schreibers{\textquoteright} long-fingered bats, used in this experiment, showed a high erythrocyte count (11.04 {\textpm} 0.72 x 10^12 l-1) of small cells (mean cell volume = 51.23 {\textpm} 0.86 fl) and a resultant haemoglobin concentration of 18.35 {\textpm} 1.11 g dl-1. There were indications of two different erythrocyte populations present in the circulation and a degree of polychromasia was observed in 50\% of smears. Two haemoglobin components were consistently seen on Paragon alkaline haemoglobin gels, and the haemoglobin electrophoretic mobility was markedly lower than that of human blood. Lymphocytes represented the largest percentage (54.9\%) of white blood cells. Neutrophils demonstrated overt hypersegmentation, with their granules, if present, not staining with either Wright{\textquoteright}s stain or haematoxylin and eosin. We conclude that haemoglobin concentration rather than erythrocyte counts should be taken as a reflection of oxygen carrying capacity as the high count of smaller erythrocytes represents diffusion and haemorrheological, rather than oxygen-carrying adaptations.}, keywords = {blood, Chiroptera, erythrocyte counts, haematology, haemoglobin, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus natalensis, oxygen carrying capacity, physiology, South Africa}, author = {Viljoen, M. and van der Merwe, M. and Bower, G. and Levay, P. F. and Grobler, A. S.} } @article {3724, title = {Phylogenetic position of the bat Nycteris javanica (Chiroptera: Nycteridae)}, journal = {J. Mamm.}, volume = {78}, number = {1}, year = {1997}, month = {1997}, pages = {106-116}, abstract = {Eleven of the thirteen species of bats within the family Nycteridae are African and two are Southeast Asian in distribution. Dissection of the hyoid apparatus and musculature of the Southeast Asian bat Nycteris javanica and analysis of other non-hyoid morphology reveal that it shares five derived morphological characters with the previously described species N. tragata, also from southeastern Asia. In particular, the two Asian species share a morphologically distinctive post-laryngeal chamber that is different in shape from that of other nycterids. Cladistic analysis suggests that N. javanica and N. tragata are more closely related to each other than either is to any African species of nycterid.}, keywords = {Africa, Asia, Chiroptera, evolution, Flederm{\"a}use, hyoid apparatus, Mammalia, morphology, Nycteridae, Nycteris javanica, phylogeny, speciation, species richness, systematics, taxonomy, zoogeography}, author = {Griffiths, T. A.} } @article {5099, title = {Prey diversity and selectivity of the African fish eagle: Data from a roost in northern Kenya}, journal = {Afr. J. Ecol.}, volume = {35}, number = {2}, year = {1997}, month = {1997}, pages = {133-145}, abstract = {A total of 1872 bones from a fish eagle roost at Lake Turkana, Kenya was identified and analysed to provide data on fish eagle prey and diet. The approach of this study complements field observation studies in that it provides a long-term analysis and quantification of the diet, rather than short qualitative observations. The study found that, at least where fish is relatively abundant, fish eagles are both selective and opportunistic: selective in taking preferred fish in much greater proportions than natural availability, and also in avoiding unwanted fish regardless of abundance, but opportunistic in taking certain other species in proportion to their availability. They also show considerable selection in size and habitat preferences of prey. Non-fish prey forms a considerable proportion of the diet, and probably represents both opportunistic hunting, possibly when conditions for fishing are poor, and killing of other predators robbing fish eagle nests.As well as describing and quantifying the fish eagle diet at Lake Turkana, data from this study suggest that further study is needed to quantify the impact of fish eagle predation on Clarias lazera, a rare, but valuable species to the Lake Turkana fishery. The study of bird roost prey remains also provides baseline data for studies of fossil microfaunal accumulations. Scatters of bones under fish eagle roosts are common in eastern Africa, and undoubtedly contribute to many of the fossil bone accumulations recovered. One of us (DM) has noted that the taxonomic and skeletal composition of the Koobi Fora roost bears a great resemblance to some of the clusters she is analysing from Olduvai Gorge. Further similar studies will provide additional data on bird roost accumulations.}, keywords = {Amphibia, Aves, Chiroptera, diet, East Africa, food, Haliaeetus vocifer, Kenya, Lagomorpha, Mammalia, Pisces, predation, prey, Reptilia, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus sp., Rodentia, roost, Soricidae}, url = {Stewart et al. 1997.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2028.1997.066-89066.x}, author = {Stewart, K. M. and Matthiesen, D. P. and Leblanc, L. and West, J.} } @article {3253, title = {Rainfall, food abundance and timing of parturition in African bats}, journal = {Oecologia}, volume = {111}, number = {3}, year = {1997}, month = {1997}, pages = {309-317}, abstract = {We used published results from studies in Africa to test the hypothesis that the timing of parturition in the Chiroptera is constrained by rainfall. Comparison of year-round rainfall and insect data at various latitudes showed that insect abundance peaks approximately a month after peak rainfall. A similar comparison of parturition time to rainfall showed that with the possible exception of the molossids, the Microchiroptera commonly give birth a month before peak rainfall. With an average 6-week lactation period in the Microchiroptera, the timing of parturition is such that young bats are weaned just before the period of maximum insect abundance. We suggest that the needs of the young in this post-weaning period may be more important than the energetic demands of lactation on the mother in determining the timing of parturition on an evolutionary scale. A similar conclusion is implied for the African Megachiroptera, but there is insufficient information on their reproduction to adequately test the main hypothesis for these bats.}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, ecology, evolution, Flederm{\"a}use, food distribution, foraging, insectivory, Mammalia, Nahrung, phenology, precipitation, Pteropodidae, rainfall, reproduction, resource availability, seasonality, Vegetation}, author = {Cumming, G. S. and Bernard, R. T. F.} } @article {5398, title = {Reproductive pattern in the female Angolan free-tailed bat, Tadarida (Mops) condylura (Microchiroptera: Molossidae), in the eastern Transvaal, South Africa}, journal = {J. Zool. (Lond.)}, volume = {243}, number = {3}, year = {1997}, month = {1997}, pages = {507-521}, abstract = {The reproductive pattern in the female Angolan free-tailed bat, Tadarida (Mops) condylura (A. Smith, 1833), was studied at two localities in the eastern Transvaal during the period 1988-1990. Reproduction in female T. condylura was seasonally polyoestrous. Females displayed a bimodal reproductive pattern, with reproductive activity extending from early September to early May, followed by reproductive quiescence from May to August. The interval between the two reproductive cycles was marked by a postpartum oestrus with adult females becoming pregnant one to three weeks after parturition while still nursing their young. Females become sexually mature during their first year with some only undergoing one pregnancy. Gestation and lactation periods were 85 days and 50-60 days, respectively. Females displayed dextral dominance with regard to the morphology and function of the ovary and uterus.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, ecology, Flederm{\"a}use, gestation, lactation, Mammalia, mating systems, Molossidae, Mops condylurus, morphology, physiology, post-partum oestrus, reproduction, seasonal polyoestry, seasonality, South Africa}, author = {Vivier, L. and van der Merwe, M.} } @article {3552, title = {Science and the conservation of bats}, journal = {J. Mamm.}, volume = {78}, number = {1}, year = {1997}, month = {1997}, pages = {1-14}, abstract = {The conservation implications of some recent advances in our knowledge about the ecology and behavior of bats are presented. A central question facing bat biologists is the relative importances of roosts and food as limiting factors in the population biology of bats. There is no reason to presume that the answer is the same for all species and the available data suggest intraspecific variation. This question is important for either conservation or behavior and ecology. Eavesdropping on the species-specific echolocation calls of bats has allowed documentation of distribution and habitat use by some bats although variability of calls complicates this picture. Radiotracking and surveys have produced data on use of space by bats. Although foraging areas and roosts are vital resources for bats, the associations between species of bats and habitats are not always clear. The mobility of bats and the low cost of flight together blur the link between bats and particular habitats. Radiotracking demonstrates how mobility gives bats access to mosaics of habitats, partly reflecting their size and flight characteristics, and the scale of habitat availability. For some species, access to mosaics of habitats for foraging is critical. Activities of humans influence the habitats available to bats and can generate feeding and roosting opportunities. The use that roosting bats make of buildings is an obvious example of bats benefitting from activities of humans. Another is bats feeding in the concentrations of insects at lights. In promoting the conservation of bats, it is important to consider people{\textquoteright}s perceptions of these animals, which are colored by the impact of bats on public health. Public interest in bats has vastly outstripped scientific research about them, presenting interesting challenges and opportunities for bat biologists.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, conservation}, author = {Fenton, M. B.} } @inbook {5470, title = {Small mammals and the herpetofauan of the Kakum National Park}, booktitle = {Facing the Storm. Five Years of Research in and around Kakum National Park, Ghana}, year = {1997}, month = {1997}, pages = {37-45}, publisher = {Ghana Wildlife Department, Kakum National Park, University of Cape Coast, Conservation International}, organization = {Ghana Wildlife Department, Kakum National Park, University of Cape Coast, Conservation International}, keywords = {Amphibia, Carnivora, Chiroptera, distribution, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, Ghana, Hybomys univittatus, Insectivora, Mammalia, Pholidota, Pteropodidae, Reptilia, Rodentia, Scotonycteris ophiodon, Soricidae, species richness, Verbreitung, West Africa}, author = {Yeboah, S.} } @article {3055, title = {Sperm storage in a seasonally reproducing African vespertilionid, the banana bat (Pipistrellus nanus) from Malawi}, journal = {J. Zool. (Lond.)}, volume = {241}, number = {1}, year = {1997}, month = {1997}, pages = {161-174}, abstract = {Spermatogenesis in the banana bat (Pipistrellus nanus) from southern Malawi began in the hot, wet season (February to April) and spermatozoa were released to the cauda epididymides at the beginning of the cool, dry season (May). Mating occurred between mid-June and early July, in the middle of the cool, dry season. After mating, spermatozoa were stored by the female until ovulation in August and by the male until at least September. The period of female sperm storage effectively lengthened the reproductive cycle so that early spermatogenesis occurred during the second half of one hot, wet season and births at the beginning of the following hot, wet season. During the period of sperm storage, males and females roosted together and group membership was labile, suggesting that the mating system may be promiscuous (both males and females mating with more than one partner) and that sperm competition may occur. The similarity between the chronology of reproduction in Malawi, Kenya, and South Africa leads us to propose that sperm storage occurs at all three localities.}, keywords = {behaviour, Chiroptera, day roosts, ecology, Flederm{\"a}use, Malawi, Mammalia, mating systems, morphology, Neoromicia nana, physiology, roosting behaviour, seasonal reproduction, seasonality, Southern Africa, sperm storage, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Bernard, R. T. F. and Happold, D. C. D. and Happold, M.} } @article {3459, title = {Status and distribution of the Pemba flying fox Pteropus voeltzkowi}, journal = {Oryx}, volume = {31}, number = {2}, year = {1997}, month = {1997a}, pages = {135-142}, abstract = {The Pemba flying fox Pteropus voeltzkowi is a fruit bat endemic to the island of Pemba, off Tanzania. A total of 41 reported roosting areas were visited in June and July 1995, and 19 occupied roosts were located, most of them in the west of the island, and on small islets off the west and south of Pemba. Roosts were situated in primary forest, secondary forest (overgrown clove plantations), traditional graveyards and mangrove areas. A range of sizes and species of trees were used as roosts. The minimum population of P. voeltzkowi was estimated to be between 4600 and 5500 individuals. In total 94 per cent of the population was located at 10 roost sites. Larger colonies were associated with roosts located in forests, which together supported 75 per cent of the total bat population. Colonies were of mixed sex, but no young or obviously pregnant females were observed. Major threats to this species appeared to be hunting and deforestation (both logging and clearing for agriculture) and P. voeltzkowi is considered to be endangered.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, conservation, day roosts, distribution, East Africa, ecology, endemic, habitat preferences, Indian Ocean, Mammalia, Pemba, Pteropodidae, Pteropus voeltzkowi, roosting behaviour, Tanzania, Vegetation}, url = {Entwistle \& Corp 1997a.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3008.1997.d01-7.x}, author = {Entwistle, A. C. and Corp, N.} } @article {4394, title = {A stereological comparison of villous and microvillous surfaces in small intestines of frugivorous and entomophagous bats: Species, inter-individual and craniocaudal differences}, journal = {J. Exp. Biol.}, volume = {200}, number = {18}, year = {1997}, month = {1997}, pages = {2415-2423}, abstract = {The extents of functional surfaces (villi, microvilli) have been estimated at different longitudinal sites, and in the entire small intestine, for three species of bats belonging to two feeding groups: insect- and fruit-eaters. In all species, surface areas and other structural quantities tended to be greatest at more cranial sites and to decline caudally. The entomophagous bat (Miniopterus inflatus) had a mean body mass (coefficient of variation) of 8.9 g (5\%) and a mean intestinal length of 20 cm (6\%). The surface area of the basic intestinal tube (primary mucosa) was 9.1 cm-2 (10\%) but this was amplified to 48 cm-2 (13\%) by villi and to 0.13 m-2 (20\%) by microvilli. The total number of microvilli per intestine was 4 times 10-11 (20\%). The average microvillus had a diameter of 89 nm (10\%), a length of 1.1 mu-m (22\%) and a membrane surface area of 0.32 mu-m-2 (31\%). In two species of fruit bats (Epomophorus wahlbergi and Lissonycteris angolensis), body masses were greater and intestines longer, the values being 76.0 g (28\%) and 76.9 g (4\%), and 73 cm (16\%) and 72 cm (7\%), respectively. Surface areas were also greater, amounting to 76 cm-2 (26\%) and 45 cm-2 (8\%) for the primary mucosa, 547 cm-2 (29\%) and 314 cm-2 (16\%) for villi and 2.7 m-2 (23\%) and 1.5 m-2 (18\%) for microvilli. An increase in the number of microvilli, 33 times 10-11 (19\%) and 15 times 10-11 (24\%) per intestine, contributed to the more extensive surface area but there were concomitant changes in the dimensions of microvilli. Mean diameters were 94 nm (8\%) and III nm (4\%), and mean lengths were 2.8 mu-m (12\%) and 2.9 mu-m (10\%), respectively. Thus, an increase in the surface area of the average microvillus to 0.83 gm-2 (12\%) and 1.02 mu-2 (11\%) also contributed to the greater total surface area of microvilli. The lifestyle-related differences in total microvillous surface areas persisted when structural quantities were normalised for the differences in body masses. The values for total microvillous surface area were 148 cm-2 g-1 (20\%) in the entomophagous bat, 355 cm-2 g-1 (20\%) in E. wahlbergi and 192 cm-2 g-1 (17\%) in L. angolensis. This was true despite the fact that the insecteater possessed a greater length of intestine per unit of body mass: 22 mm g-1 (8\%) versus 9-10 mm g-1 (9-10\%) for the fruit-eaters.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, digestive tract, East Africa, Epomophorus wahlbergi, histology, Kakamega, Kenya, Lissonycteris angolensis, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus inflatus, Nairobi, Naivasha, Pteropodidae, ultrastructure}, author = {Makanya, A. N. and Maina, J. N. and Mayhew, T. M. and Tschanz, S. A. and Burri, P. H.} } @book {3648, title = {Systematics, Distribution, and Zoogeography of Mammals of Tunisia}, year = {1997}, month = {1997}, pages = {xv+354 pp.}, publisher = {Ph.D. Thesis}, organization = {Ph.D. Thesis}, address = {Texas Tech University, Lubbock}, abstract = {The taxonomic identity of each species of mammals that occurs in the Republic of Tunisia, North Africa has been determined to the subspecific level. History of names was followed and descriptions of types were studied to better provide opinions on the nomenclature and minimize the confusion existing in the literature concerning the taxonomic identity of many Tunisian species. Keys to distinguish related taxa were constructed and maps depicting the distribution of species within the borders of Tunisia and in the whole North African region were drawn. These maps show original records obtained during this study as well records reported in the literature. Furthermore, the available natural history information on the Tunisian mammal fauna and background information on the vegetation, rainfall, topography, and land forms of the country were presented.Chromosomal G-band data for Meriones shawi from Tunisia, hitherto unavailable, was used to reexamine proposed chromosomal homologies and update the phylogenetic tree of Family Gerbillidae. G-banded chromosomal complement for Jaculus orientalis was reported. Notable differences in pelage color were seen between populations of the North African elephant shrew, Elephantulus rozeti in northern and southern Tunisia. However, no disjunction was seen in morphometric measurements analyzed using principal components analysis (PCA).Differences in pelage color between 5 populations of Gerbillus campestris are discussed. Two populations of this gerbil, one on the Island of Djerba and the other around Medenine deserve systematic studies using molecular data or multivariate analyses of morphometric measurements. Differences in pelage color, mandibular foramina number, color of foot pad hair and other characters between 2 populations of Jaculus jaculus were also noted and further investigation of the taxonomic status recommended.Zoogeographical analyses of the mammalian faunal elements in Tunisia and the whole area were made. Two groups of bats were recognized. Bat fauna that invaded Tunisia from the north, and one that invaded from the south. Land mammals were in three groups: strictly Mediterranean zone, widely-distributed Mediterranean, and Saharan mammals. Species richness in quadrates 1{\textdegree} latitude X 1{\textdegree} longitude spanning Tunisia was discussed. The species richness provided evidence to areas of high biodiversity. Areas that deserve conservation are Djebel Zaghouan, Ghardimaou, Tamerza-Kasserine, and Dahar-Djeffara plain. Finally, conclusions and recommendations for future mammalian studies in the area were suggested.}, keywords = {Artiodactyla, biogeography, Carnivora, Chiroptera, chromosomes, cytogenetics, distribution, Erinaceomorpha, Hipposideridae, karyotypes, Lagomorpha, Macroscelidea, Mammalia, Miniopteridae, Molossidae, North Africa, Rhinolophidae, Rhinopomatidae, Rodentia, Soricidae, systematics, Tunisia, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Gharaibeh, B. M.} } @article {4335, title = {Taxonomic report of small mammals from C{\^o}te-d{\textquoteright}Ivoire}, journal = {J. Afr. Zool.}, volume = {111}, number = {4}, year = {1997}, month = {1997}, pages = {261-279}, abstract = {Based primarily on fieldwork in rainforest of southwestern C{\^o}te-d{\textquoteright}Ivoire supplemented with incidental collections from savanna areas, we report taxonomic, distributional, and reproductive information for 36 species of small mammals. As indicated by literature references, all 17 species collected from Parc National du Mont Peko represent the first records from this area with three species (Hipposideros beatus, H. caffer, and Pipistrellus nanulus) representing the first documented occurrence for the country. Although Parc National de Ta{\"{\i} has been well studied, seven of nine species of bats are the first records for this area. Of the 17 species with appropriate data, 14 species had evidence of reproductive activity during February, the end of the dry season. Small mammals play an important role in the ecosystem such as seed dispersal for reforestation and controlling insect populations through predation. Documenting the biodiversity within C{\^o}te-d{\textquoteright}Ivoire will assist in conservation efforts to manage the remaining fragmented habitats.}, keywords = {[Chaerephon pumilus] Tadarida pumila, [Mops condylurus] Tadarida condylura, [Neoromicia brunnea] Eptesicus brunneus, [Neoromicia nana] Pipistrellus nanus, biodiversity, Carnivora, Chiroptera, C{\^o}te d{\textquoteright}Ivoire, distribution, ecology, Faunistik, Glauconycteris beatrix, Glauconycteris poensis, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros abae, Hipposideros beatus, Hipposideros caffer, Hipposideros cyclops, Hipposideros ruber, Ivory Coast, Lamto, Mammalia, Megaloglossus woermanni, Micropteropus pusillus, Mimetillus moloneyi, Molossidae, morphology, Mt. Peko-National Park, Myotis bocagei, Nanonycteris veldkampi [veldkampii], Nycteridae, Nycteris arge, Nycteris grandis, Nycteris macrotis, Pipistrellus eisentrauti [bellieri], Pipistrellus nanulus, Pteropodidae, reproduction, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus alcyone, Rhinolophus landeri, Rodentia, Scotonycteris zenkeri, Scotophilus viridis, Soricidae, species richness, systematics, Ta{\"{\i} National Park, taxonomy, Vespertilionidae, West Africa}, author = {Lim, B. K. and van Coeverden de Groot, P. J.} } @article {3032, title = {Taxonomy and biogeography of African fruit bats (Mammalia, Megachiroptera). 5. The genera Lissonycteris Andersen, 1912, Myonycteris Matschie, 1899 and Megaloglossus Pagenstecher, 1885; general remarks and conclusions; annex: Key to al}, journal = {Beaufortia}, volume = {47}, number = {2}, year = {1997}, month = {1997}, pages = {11-90}, abstract = {This is the last part in a series comprising all Megachiroptera known from mainland Africa and its islands. The concept of the genus Lissonycteris Andersen, 1912 is reviewed and adapted. For the first time, its differential characters vis-a-vis the genera Rousettus Gray, 1821, and Myonycteris Matschie, 1899 as described in the literature have been checked against material of all the species involved. As a consequence, a number of these characters are considered of no taxonomic value and have not been retained, while some new differential characters are described. Lissonycteris and Myonycteris are considered different from Rousettus on generic level, while Lissonycteris and Myonycteris are more closely related to one another than each of these to Rousettus. New observations on all African and extralimital species of Rousettus are reported and the retention of Boneia Jentink, 1879 as a subgenus by Corbet et al. (1991, 1992) is rejected. Lissonycteris is considered a monotypic genus, with as single species the polytypic L. angolensis (Bocage, 1898). The subspecies angolensis, smithii (O. Thomas, 1908) and ruwenzorii (Eisentraut, 1965) are recognized, and two new subspecies, petraea and goliath, are described. Myonycteris consists of three species, torquata (Dobson, 1878), brachycephala (Bocage, 1889) and relicta Bergmans, 1980. Their present taxonomy is conform earlier reports (Bergmans, 1976, 1980a). M. torquata is considered a monotypical species. M. relicta is reported from Zimbabwe for the first time, extending its known distribution 1400 km southwards. Following Kirsch et al. (1995) and Springer et al. (1995), the subfamily Macroglossinae is considered a synonym of the subfamily Pteropodinae. The taxonomy and distribution of Megaloglossus woermanni Pagenstecher, 1995 are reviewed. In a final section, general remarks and conclusions are presented on the supraspecific taxonomy of the Megachiroptera and a classification is proposed which includes the raise to subfamily rank of the Rousettinae and Epomophorinae and the recognition of the new tribes Scotonycterini and Plerotini; some recent publications bearing on African species taxonomy are reviewed; and an appraisal is made of the distribution patterns found throughout this series. A vicariance model is proposed to explain the occurrence in Asia and Africa of both Pteropus Brisson, 1762 and Rousettus Gray, 1821. For woodland species, the regions SE Tchad/E Central African Republic/W Sudan; N half of Tanzania; and E Angola/adjoining Zaire have been identified as having (had) a barrier effect on dispersal. For forest species, important divides appear to be in the regions Volta River/Dahomey Gap; SE Nigeria; C and S Gabon; C Zaire, from N to S; the Western Rift system; several barriers in E Africa. Finally, an illustrated key to all African Megachiroptera is given, primarily based on externally visible characters and designed for use in the field.}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, Lissonycteris angolensis, Lissonycteris angolensis goliath ssp. nov., Lissonycteris angolensis petraea ssp. nov., Madagascar, Megaloglossus woermanni, Myonycteris brachycephala, Myonycteris relicta, Myonycteris torquata, Pteropodidae, Pteropus, revision, Rousettus, S{\~a}o Tom{\'e}, species description, systematics, Vegetation, zoogeography}, author = {Bergmans, W.} } @article {3390, title = {The terrestrial vertebrates of the Bazaruto Archipelago, Mozambique: A biogeographical perspective}, journal = {J. Biogeogr.}, volume = {24}, number = {5}, year = {1997}, month = {1997}, pages = {591-602}, abstract = {Data on the birds, amphibians, reptiles and mammalian species of the Bazaruto Archipelago, Mozambique are presented. Species diveristy was compared to island size and with data for other East African Islands. There was a low degree of endemism and the different faunas (particularly for mammals and the herpetofauna) were mainland in origin and a nested subset of that on the mainland. Several mammal and bird families were absent from the islands suggesting a process of relaxation on these relatively young islands with little colonization. Reasons for the observed diversity are discussed.}, keywords = {[Chaerephon pumilus] Tadarida pumila, Amphibia, Aves, Chiroptera, East Africa, island biogeography, Mammalia, Molossidae, Mozambique, nested subsets, Reptilia}, url = {Downs \& Wirminghaus 1997.pdf http://www.jstor.org/stable/2846179http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.1997.tb00071.x}, author = {Downs, C. T. and Wirminghaus, J. O.} } @article {2895, title = {Trophic resource partitioning and competition between the two sibling bat species Myotis myotis and Myotis blythii}, journal = {J. Anim. Ecol.}, volume = {66}, number = {6}, year = {1997}, month = {1997a}, pages = {897-911}, abstract = {1. Niche theory predicts that the stable coexistence of species within a guild should be associated, if resources are limited, with a mechanism of resource partitioning. Using extensive data on diets, the present study attempts: (i) to test the hypothesis that, in sympatry, the interspecific overlap between the trophic niches of the sibling bat species Myotis myotis and M. blythii-which coexist intimately in their roosts is effectively lower than the two intraspecific overlaps; (ii) to assess the role played by interspecific competition in resource partitioning through the study of trophic niche displacement between several sympatric and allopatric populations.2. Diets were determined by the analysis of faecal samples collected in the field from individual bats captured in various geographical areas. Trophic niche overlaps were calculated monthly for all possible intraspecific and interspecific pairs of individuals from sympatric populations. Niche breadth was estimated from: (i) every faecal sample; (ii) all the faecal samples collected per month in a given population (geographical area).3. In every population, the bulk of the diets of M. myotis and M. blythii consisted of, respectively, terrestrial (e.g. carabid beetles) and grass-dwelling (mostly bush crickets) prey. All intraspecific trophic niche overlaps were significantly greater than the interspecific one, except in Switzerland in May when both species exploited mass concentrations of cockchafers, a non-limiting food source. This clearcut partitioning of resources may allow the stable, intimate coexistence observed under sympatric conditions.4. Relative proportions of ground- and grass-dwelling prey, as well as niche breadths (either individual or population), did not differ significantly between sympatry and allopatry, showing that, under allopatric conditions, niche expansion does not take place. This suggests that active interspecific competition is not the underlying mechanism responsible for the niche partitioning which is currently observed between M. myotis and M. blythii.}, keywords = {allopatric, Beutespektrum, Carabidae, Chiroptera, Coleoptera, competition, diet, distribution, ecology, Europe, faecal samples, Flederm{\"a}use, foraging, habitat preferences, Mammalia, Morocco, Myotis blythii, Myotis myotis, Myotis punicus, Nahrung, Nahrungsspektrum, Nahrungswahl, niche breadth, niche overlap, niche shift, North Africa, sibling species, Switzerland, sympatric, Tettigoniidae, Verbreitung, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Arlettaz, R. and Perrin, N. and Hausser, N.} } @article {5342, title = {Vestigial teeth in the genus Scotoecus (Mammalia: Chiroptera): Adapted dental formulae for vespertitionids with vestigial teeth}, journal = {S. Afr. J. Zool.}, volume = {32}, number = {3}, year = {1997}, month = {1997}, pages = {92-94}, abstract = {Some members of the genus Scotoecus Thomas, 1901 have an inconspicuous vestigial tooth which occurs on both sides of the upper jaw between the canine and following premolar. This tooth is regarded as permanent premolar P3 in vestigial form.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, dentition, Malawi, morphology, Scotoecus albofuscus woodi, Scotoecus hindei [hirundo], South Africa, teeth, tooth formula, Vespertilionidae}, author = {van der Merwe, M.} } @article {4071, title = {Allozyme variation of the Egyptian rousette (Rousettus egyptiacus; Chiroptera, Pteropodidae) in the Gulf of Guinea (West-Central Africa)}, journal = {Biochemical Systematics and Ecology}, volume = {24}, number = {6}, year = {1996}, month = {1996}, pages = {499-508}, abstract = {Genetic variation among the populations of Rousettus egyptiacus from the islands of the Gulf of Guinea (Bioko, Pr{\'{\i}ncipe and S{\~a}o Tom{\'e}) and two other continental populations of R. egyptiacus, (R{\'{\i}o Muni and Guinea Conakry) was studied in order to evaluate their systematic and evolutionary relationships. Insular and mainland populations had similar levels of genetic variation. The data support the subspecific assignment of the S{\~a}o Tom{\'e} and Pr{\'{\i}ncipe populations of R. egyptiacus.}, keywords = {Africa, allopatric, Chiroptera, distribution, endemic, Equatorial Guinea, evolution, genetics, Gulf of Guinea, island biogeography, Mammalia, phylogeny, Pr{\'{\i}ncipe, Pteropodidae, Rousettus aegyptiacus princeps, Rousettus aegyptiacus tomensis, Rousettus aegyptiacus unicolor, S{\~a}o Tom{\'e}, speciation, systematics, taxonomy}, author = {Juste B., J. and Machordom, A. and Ib{\'a}{\~n}ez, C.} } @article {5341, title = {Amniogenesis in Schreiber{\textquoteright}s long-fingered bat Miniopterus schreibersii natalensis}, journal = {S. Afr. J. Zool.}, volume = {31}, number = {3}, year = {1996}, month = {1996}, pages = {154-157}, abstract = {Schreiber{\textquoteright}s long-fingered bat, Miniopterus schreibersii natalensis is seasonally monoestrous, carrying a single foetus in the right uterine horn. Implantation is superficial, the amnion being a pleuramnion. Lateral folds, originating from the ends of the caudal and cephalic folds, are the main contributors in the formation of the definitive amnion. The formation of the amnion by folding is preceded by the development of a primitive amniotic cavity within the inner cell mass which eventually disappears.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, histology, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus natalensis, reproduction, South Africa}, author = {van der Merwe, M.} } @inbook {3306, title = {Bat community patterns on the Accra Plains of Ghana, West Africa}, booktitle = {Ecology and Conservation of Small Mammal Communities on the Accra Plains of Ghana}, year = {1996}, month = {1996b}, pages = {68-100}, publisher = {Ph.D. Thesis}, organization = {Ph.D. Thesis}, chapter = {148}, address = {University of Minnesota}, keywords = {allopatric, Artenzahl, behaviour, biodiversity, Chiroptera, communities, conservation, Dahomey Gap, distribution, ecology, Faunistik, first record, Flederm{\"a}use, foraging, Ghana, guilds, habitat preferences, Hangpl{\"a}tze, Mammalia, migration, morphology, Pteropodidae, rainforests, reproduction, roosting behaviour, sympatric, systematics, taxonomy, Vegetation, Verbreitung, West Africa}, author = {Decher, J.} } @article {4836, title = {Bats in riverine forests and woodlands: A latitudinal transect in southern Africa}, journal = {Can. J. Zool.}, volume = {74}, number = {2}, year = {1996}, month = {1996}, pages = {312-322}, abstract = {Using captures in mist nets and monitoring echolocation calls, we quantified bat distribution and activity and measured insect abundance as numbers of insects attracted to black lights at 15-min intervals. These data were collected simultaneously at pairs of sites in riverine and dry woodland savannah along a transect of ca. 350 km from north to south in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. The sites were situated in the north, central, and south of the park and data were collected in January 1993. Our study involved 18 sites, three pairs each in the areas of the Luvuvhu, Letaba, and Sabie rivers. Half of the sites were in riverine woodland, the others in dry woodland. No statistical association exists between bat captures and either bat activity or insect abundance. Bat activity, however, was related significantly to insect abundance. Although bats were significantly more abundant (captures) in riverine habitats than in dry woodland savannah, comparisons of bat diversity and evenness (rarefaction curves, species abundance curves, and Whittaker plots) showed no differences between these habitats. The data neither demonstrate a decline in bat diversity away from the equator nor suggest specific bat communities associated with riverine habitats. The data do demonstrate the important influence of insects on the activity patterns of insectivorous bats.}, keywords = {[Chaerephon pumilus] Tadarida pumila, [Mops condylurus] Tadarida condylura, [Mops] Tadarida midas, [Neoromicia nana] Pipistrellus nanus, [Neoromicia] Eptesicus capensis, [Neoromicia] Eptesicus cf. melckorum, [Neoromicia] Eptesicus zuluensis, [Nycticeinops schlieffenii] Nycticeius schliefeni, behaviour, biodiversity, Chiroptera, community ecology, diet, ecology, Emballonuridae, Epomophorus crypturus, Epomophorus wahlbergi, Eptesicus hottentotus, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, food distribution, foraging, guilds, habitat preferences, Insecta, insectivory, Mammalia, Molossidae, Myotis tricolor, Nahrung, Nahrungsspektrum, Nahrungswahl, niche overlap, Nycteridae, Nycteris thebaica, opportunistic feeder, Pipistrellus anchietae, Pipistrellus kuhlii [hesperidus], Pipistrellus rusticus, Pteropodidae, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus darlingi, Rhinolophus fumigatus, Rhinolophus simulator, Rhinolophus swinnyi, Rousettus aegyptiacus, Scotophilus borbonicus [viridis], Scotophilus dingani, South Africa, species richness, sympatric, Tadarida aegyptiaca, Taphozous mauritianus, Vegetation, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Rautenbach, I. L. and Fenton, M. B. and Whiting, M. J.} } @book {3223, title = {Biodiversit{\'e} du littoral mauritanien: Les Mammif{\`e}res du littoral mauritanien et liste de quelques observations ornithologiques}, year = {1996}, month = {1996a}, pages = {77}, publisher = {Report CIRAD-EMVT N{\textdegree} 010, European Union \& CIRAD-EMVT}, organization = {Report CIRAD-EMVT N{\textdegree} 010, European Union \& CIRAD-EMVT}, address = {Montpellier}, keywords = {Aves, biodiversity, Chiroptera, coast, conservation, distribution, ecology, Eidolon helvum, Emballonuridae, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, habitat preferences, littoral, Mammalia, Mauritania, Nycticeinops schlieffenii, Pteropodidae, species richness, Taphozous sp., Verbreitung, Vespertilionidae, West Africa}, author = {Cosson, J.-F. and Cuisin, J. and Granjon, L. and Tranier, M. and Colas, F.} } @inbook {3428, title = {Biogeography of the bats of Madagascar}, booktitle = {Biog{\'e}ographie de Madagascar}, year = {1996}, month = {1996}, pages = {321-328}, publisher = {Editions de l{\textquoteright}ORSTOM}, organization = {Editions de l{\textquoteright}ORSTOM}, chapter = {588}, address = {Paris}, keywords = {Africa, biogeography, Chiroptera, distribution patterns, Eidolon, Emballonura, Emballonuridae, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros, Madagascar, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus, Molossidae, Mormopterus, Myotis, Pteropodidae, Pteropus, Rousettus, Scotophilus, Taphozous, Triaenops, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Eger, J. L. and Mitchell, L.}, editor = {Louren{\c c}o, W. R.} } @article {5468, title = {Catalogue of the mammals of Ethiopia and Eritrea. 7. Revised checklist, zoogeography and conservation}, journal = {Trop. Zool.}, volume = {9}, year = {1996}, month = {1996}, pages = {73-164}, keywords = {altitude, altitudinal zonation, biodiversity, biogeography, Chiroptera, conservation, distribution, ecology, elevation, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Faunistik, habitat preferences, Kerivoula eriophora, Kerivoula lanosa, Mammalia, montane, morphology, Northeast Africa, Nycteridae, Nycteris aurita, Nycteris hispida, Nycteris woodi, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus eloquens, Rhinolophus hildebrandtii, Rhinopoma macinnesi, Rhinopomatidae, species richness, systematics, taxonomy, Vegetation, Vespertilionidae, zoogeography}, author = {Yalden, D. W. and Largen, M. J. and Kock, D. and Hillman, J. C.} } @article {3214, title = {The cave breccias of Berg Aukas, Namibia: A clustering approach to mine dump paleontology}, journal = {Journal of Human Evolution}, volume = {30}, number = {4}, year = {1996}, month = {1996}, pages = {349-355}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Emballonuridae, fossils, Hipposideridae, Mammalia, Megadermatidae, Molossidae, Namibia, palaeontology, Primates, Rhinolophidae, Southern Africa, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Conroy, G. C.} } @inbook {3168, title = {Conservation of western Indian Ocean fruit bats}, booktitle = {Biog{\'e}ographie de Madagascar}, year = {1996}, month = {1996}, pages = {329-335}, publisher = {Editions de l{\textquoteright}ORSTOM}, organization = {Editions de l{\textquoteright}ORSTOM}, chapter = {588}, address = {Paris}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, Comoros, conservation, Eidolon dupreanum, Indian Ocean, Madagascar, Mauritius, Pteropodidae, Pteropus, R{\'e}union, Rousettus madagascariensis, Rousettus obliviosus}, author = {Carroll, J. B. and Feistner, A. T. C.}, editor = {Louren{\c c}o, W. R.} } @inbook {3307, title = {Conservation, small mammals and the future of sacred groves in West Africa}, booktitle = {Ecology and Conservation of Small Mammal Communities on the Accra Plains of Ghana}, year = {1996}, month = {1996c}, pages = {101-146}, publisher = {Ph.D. Thesis}, organization = {Ph.D. Thesis}, chapter = {148}, address = {University of Minnesota}, keywords = {biodiversity, Chiroptera, communities, conservation, Dahomey Gap, distribution, ecology, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, Ghana, habitat preferences, Mammalia, plants, Pteropodidae, rainforests, Rodentia, sacred forests, sacred groves, Soricomorpha, species richness, sympatric, Vegetation, Verbreitung, West Africa, zoogeography}, author = {Decher, J.} } @article {4403, title = {Description of electrophoretic loci and tissue specific gene expression in the horseshoe bat genus Rhinolophus (Rhinolophidae)}, journal = {S. Afr. J. Zool.}, volume = {31}, number = {2}, year = {1996}, month = {1996}, pages = {43-52}, abstract = {The number of loci encoding an enzyme system, tissue specificity of gene expression and the degree of gene expression in various tissues are often not mentioned in evolutionary studies, but could indirectly provide evidence of evolutionary relationships. Protein electrophoresis was used to study the distributions and tissue specificity of gene expression of enzymes encoded by 42 loci in Rhinolophus clivosus and R. landeri, the genetically most divergent of the ten species of southern African horseshoe bats. No differences in gene expression were found between R. clivosus and R. landeri and isozyme patterns may be compared with other bat species to derive possible phylogenetic relationships.}, keywords = {allozymes, Chiroptera, enzymes, genetics, protein electrophoresis, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus clivosus, Rhinolophus landeri, South Africa}, author = {Maree, S. and Grant, W. S.} } @book {3470, title = {Die Chiroptera der Elfenbeink{\"u}ste (unter Ber{\"u}cksichtigung des westafrikanischen Raumes): Taxonomie, Habitatpr{\"a}ferenzen und Lebensgemeinschaften}, year = {1996}, month = {1996}, pages = {204 pp. + 36 maps}, publisher = {Diploma Thesis}, organization = {Diploma Thesis}, address = {Julius-Maximilians-Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, keywords = {behaviour, biodiversity, Chiroptera, communities, C{\^o}te d{\textquoteright}Ivoire, distribution, ecology, endemic, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, habitat preferences, Hangpl{\"a}tze, island biogeography, Ivory Coast, Mammalia, morphology, Pteropodidae, roosting behaviour, species richness, systematics, taxonomy, Vegetation, Verbreitung, West Africa, zoogeography}, author = {Fahr, J.} } @article {4942, title = {Distribution patterns of terrestrial mammals in KwaZulu-Natal}, journal = {S. Afr. J. Zool.}, volume = {31}, number = {3}, year = {1996}, month = {1996}, pages = {131-144}, abstract = {Distribution patterns, plotted by eighth-degree squares (7.5{\textquoteright} x 7.5{\textquoteright}), of the 162 mammal species recorded in the province of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa were examined in relation to the combined factors of vegetation type, climate, and altitude (= bioregions); and in relation to protected areas within the nine bioregions. Highest species richness was recorded in the warmest most heterogeneous (vegetation) bioregions, and lowest in a cool montane region. Species richness was intermediate in relatively homogeneous, predominantly grassland bioregions. Mammalian biodiversity in KwaZulu-Natal is concentrated in the savanna regions in the north-east of the province, although further species-rich areas are found in the north-west and south-west for carnivores, and in the central region for many of the smaller mammals (Insectivora, Chiroptera, Rodentia). Analysis of taxonomic resemblances between bioregions distinguished taxonomically distinct {\textquoteright}savanna{\textquoteright} and {\textquoteright}grassland{\textquoteright} groups. Taxonomic resemblances between bioregions were generally lowest in bats (i.e. greatest bioregion specificity) and highest in carnivores (i.e. lowest specificity). In total, 92\% of the mammal species occur in one or more protected areas. The percentages of species within protected areas in each of the bioregions are generally high (68-100\%). In four of the bioregions the amount of land occupied by protected areas is adequate (6-96\%) and protected areas are large, but in the other five bioregions the opposite holds (<2\% protected) and populations within them may not be viable.}, keywords = {altitude, Carnivora, Chiroptera, climate, conservation priorities, distribution, elevation, Mammalia, protected areas, Rodentia, Soricomorpha, South Africa, species richness, Vegetation}, author = {Rowe-Rowe, D. T. and Taylor, P. J.} } @article {3054, title = {Does calcium constrain reproductive activity in insectivorous bats? Some empirical evidence for Schreibers{\textquoteright} long-fingered bat (Miniopterus schreibersii)}, journal = {S. Afr. J. Zool.}, volume = {31}, number = {4}, year = {1996}, month = {1996}, pages = {218-220}, abstract = {Insects are a poor source of dietary calcium and since they are seasonally abundant, it has been suggested that calcium availability may play a significant role in controlling the timing of reproduction in insectivorous bats. To assess the possible role of dietary calcium, we have measured bone calcium concentrations in female and male long-fingered bats (Miniopterus schreibersii) through a full reproductive cycle. The results indicate that winter was not a period of calcium stress and, therefore, that seasonal changes in insect abundance and dietary calcium availability are not a satisfactory explanation for the occurrence of delayed implantation in the long-fingered bat. Bone calcium concentrations of females did not differ significantly throughout pregnancy, indicating that the insects available in winter and early summer were sufficient to meet the calcium demands of pregnancy. Lactating females had the lowest bone calcium concentrations of all specimens, supporting the suggestion that lactation is indeed a period of severe calcium stress in aerial insectivores. We conclude that parturition is probably timed so that lactation coincides with the period of maximal insect abundance and corresponding dietary calcium availability.}, keywords = {behaviour, Chiroptera, diet, ecology, energetics, evolution, Flederm{\"a}use, flying, food availability, foraging, insectivory, lactation, Mammalia, metabolism, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus schreibersii, Nahrung, physiology, reproduction, resource availability, seasonality, South Africa}, author = {Bernard, R. T. F. and Davison, A.} } @book {3740, title = {Ecolocacion en Murci{\'e}lagos: Estudios desde una Perspectiva Ecol{\'o}gica y Evolutiva}, year = {1996}, month = {1996}, publisher = {Ph.D. Thesis}, organization = {Ph.D. Thesis}, address = {Universidad Complutense de Madrid}, abstract = {Introduccion/Material y Metodos/Variacion Individual de la Frequencia/La Frequencia como Character Adaptativo/Casos de Estudio}, keywords = {acoustic communication, Africa, animal communication, behaviour, Bioko, Chiroptera, echolocation, ecology, Europe, evolution, Flederm{\"a}use, foraging, Gulf of Guinea, habitat preferences, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros commersoni, Hipposideros ruber, island biogeography, Mammalia, morphology, Pr{\'{\i}ncipe, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus euryale, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, Rhinolophus hipposideros, Rhinolophus mehelyi, S{\~a}o Tom{\'e}, Spain}, author = {Guill{\'e}n-Servent, A.} } @article {5123, title = {Experimental inoculation of plants and animals with Ebola virus}, journal = {Emerging Infectious Diseases}, volume = {2}, number = {4}, year = {1996}, month = {1996}, pages = {321-325}, abstract = {Thirty-three varieties of 24 species of plants and 19 species of vertebrates and invertebrates were experimentally inoculated with Ebola Zaire virus. Fruit and insectivorous bats supported replication and circulation of high titers of virus without necessarily becoming ill; deaths occurred only among bats that had not adapted to the diet fed in the laboratory.}, keywords = {Chaerephon pumilus, Chiroptera, Ebola, Epomophorus wahlbergi, Filoviridae, infectious diseases, Molossidae, Mops condylurus, Pteropodidae, South Africa, virology}, url = {Swanepoel et al. 1996.pdf http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol2no4/swanepo2.htm}, author = {Swanepoel, R. and Leman, P. A. and Burt, F. J. and Zachariades, N. A. and Braack, L. E. O. and Ksiazek, T. G. and Rollin, P. E. and Zaki, S. R. and Peters, C. J.} } @article {5134, title = {Histological convergent evolution of the accessory submandibular glands in four species of frog-eating bats}, journal = {European Journal of Morphology}, volume = {34}, number = {3}, year = {1996}, month = {1996}, pages = {163-168}, abstract = {The accessory submandibular glands in four species of bats were examined by electron microscopy. These four species represent two independently evolved lineages. The fringe-lipped bat, Trachops cirrhosis, is a Neotropical phyllostomid species, whereas the false vampire bats of southeast Asia, Megaderma lyra and M. spasma, and the heart-nosed bat, Cardioderma cor, of East Africa are megadermatid species. These glands show extreme deviation from typical salivary gland histology: their secretory endpieces are in the form of follicles and their ducts lack the cytological details that permit identification of diverse duct segments. Despite their unusual histology, the secretory endpieces in M. lyra, M. spasma, and C. cor consist of secretory cells that conform to typical secretory cell morphology. In contrast, secretion by follicular cells in T. cirrhosis involves unusual cytoplasmic bodies, and their mitochondria frequently have intracristal crystalloids. Ducts in all four species consist of simple cuboidal to columnar epithelium without basal striations. Follicles and ducts in all four bats are surrounded by numerous myoepithelial cells and are heavily innervated by hypolemmal nerve terminals. Despite their widely separated geographical ranges, all four bat species consume frogs and other vertebrates. Frogs and toads often possess toxic cutaneous glands that provide a chemical defense against predation. It is postulated that the unusual accessory glands in the four frog-eating species secrete toxin-neutralizing salivary factors. The follicular form of the endpieces permits storage of preformed saliva and their coterie of myoepithelial cells and hypolemmal nerve terminals facilitates the sudden and rapid expulsion of saliva into the oral cavity during the consumption of noxious amphibians.}, keywords = {Amphibia, Anura, behaviour, Beutespektrum, Cardioderma cor, carnivory, Chiroptera, diet, East Africa, feeding habits, Flederm{\"a}use, Kenya, Mammalia, Megaderma lyra, Megaderma spasma, Megadermatidae, morphology, Nahrung, Nahrungsspektrum, Nahrungswahl, Phyllostomidae, physiology, prey selection, salivary glands, Trachops cirrhosus}, author = {Tandler, B. and Phillips, C. J. and Nagato, T.} } @article {3249, title = {Cardioderma cor}, journal = {Mammalian Species}, number = {519}, year = {1996}, month = {1996}, pages = {1-4}, keywords = {Africa, Cardioderma cor, Chiroptera, Megadermatidae, review}, author = {Csada, R.} } @article {3943, title = {An improved chemiluminescent tag for bats}, journal = {Wildlife Society Bulletin}, volume = {24}, number = {4}, year = {1996}, month = {1996}, pages = {709-712}, abstract = {Chemical lights and gelatin capsules prepared using Cyalume{\textregistered} fluid are widely used by researchers and public educators to mark bats, but may be associated with risks to bats from Cyalume leakage. Newly available 2.9-mm {\texttimes} 24-mm lightsticks weigh significantly less than gelatin-capsule light tags and are protected by a durable plastic shell that reduces risks to bats. We tested Cyalume as a wetting agent on bat fur and compared effects of biting and chewing, duration of visibility, and maximum distance of visibility for miniature lightsticks and gelatin-capsule light tags. We found that Cyalume leaked from gelatin capsules, which softened and ruptured after explosure to chewing and saliva, precipitation, and high humidity. Bats did not puncture or damage the miniature lightsticks. There was no significant difference in duration of luminescence or maximum distance of visibility between miniature lightsticks and gelatin-capsule light tags. Miniature lightsticks provided equal or superior results to gelatin-capsule light tags as a light-tagging technique under field conditions.}, keywords = {[Mops condylurus] Tadarida condylura, [Neoromicia nana] Pipistrellus nanus, [Neoromicia] Eptesicus capensis, [Nycticeinops schlieffenii] Nycticeius schlieffeni, [Scotophilus cf. viridis] Scotopholus borbonicus, behaviour, Chiroptera, Emballonuridae, Kruger National Park, marking, methods, Molossidae, Nycteridae, Nycteris thebaica, observation, Scotophilus dinganii, South Africa, tagging, Taphozous mauritianus, Vespertilionidae}, url = {Hovorka et al. 1996.pdf http://www.jstor.org/stable/3783162}, author = {Hovorka, M. D. and Marks, C. S. and Muller, E.} } @article {4990, title = {Rhinopoma microphyllum}, journal = {Mammalian Species}, number = {542}, year = {1996}, month = {1996}, pages = {1-5}, keywords = {Africa, Asia, behaviour, Chiroptera, diet, distribution, ecology, Flederm{\"a}use, morphology, Nahrung, reproduction, review, Rhinopoma microphyllum, Rhinopomatidae, systematics, taxonomy}, author = {Schlitter, D. A. and Qumsiyeh, M. B.} } @article {3328, title = {Taphozous mauritianus}, journal = {Mammalian Species}, number = {522}, year = {1996}, month = {1996}, pages = {1-4}, keywords = {Africa, behaviour, Chiroptera, diet, distribution, ecology, Emballonuridae, Flederm{\"a}use, habitat preferences, Madagascar, morphology, Nahrung, reproduction, review, systematics, Taphozous mauritianus, taxonomy}, author = {Dengis, C. A.} } @article {3771, title = {Mammals of the Guinea-Congo rain forest}, journal = {Proc. R. Soc. Edinb. (B)}, volume = {104}, year = {1996}, note = {in: Alexander, I. J., Swaine, M. D. \& Watling, R. (eds.): Essays on the Ecology of the Guinea-Congo Rain Forest. x+356 pp.}, month = {1996}, pages = {243-284}, abstract = {The species composition, and the number of species of mammals, in the Guinea-Congo rain forests varies with locality. The highest species richness (up to 130 species) is found in parts of the West Central and East Central rain forest regions, and the lowest richness occurs in the Western Region and on the periphery of the rain forest zone. Rodents and bats contribute the greatest number of species (about 25\% each), with lesser numbers of primates, duikers, and small insectivores; the relative numbers within each order is similar in all localities regardless of the composition and total numbers of species. The geographical distribution of each species is due to the alternating periods of forest fragmentation and expansion in the past, and the species-specific response to these environmental changes. There are about equal numbers of arboreal (30\%), terrestrial (35\%) and aerial (27\%) species, each species within these categories having very specific habitat requirements within the forest. Most rain forest mammals are either frugivores (36\%) or insectivores (37\%): monkeys are mainly arboreal frugivores and folivores, and most prosimians are arboreal insectivores; forest duikers are terrestrial frugivores, and terrestrial rodents are frugivores or omnivores. Leaves, in spite of their abundance, are rarely eaten because of their low nutritive value and the difficulties of digesting them and consequently folivores (9\%) are uncommon. Insects form the principal food for insect-bats and shrews. Mammals exhibit well-defined food partitioning in relation to food selection and body size, and therefore competition for food is probably minimal except during the dry season. Reproduction is more or less continuous in rodents and artiodactyls (with peaks of births at selected seasons); in contrast, monkeys and bats have fairly precise periods when births occur, which vary according to the species. The timing of reproductive events is regulated by the rainfall regime, availability of food, and phylogenetic characteristics such as the length of gestation and body size. Mammals interact with other rainforest organisms, principally as primary and secondary consumers, pollinators, and dispersers of fruits and seeds. Most species of rain forest mammals are solitary, but a few live in monospecific groups or in polyspecific groups. Forest disturbance in recent years (especially forest clearance and hunting) has had very detrimental effects on the geographical distribution and numbers of individuals of all species of forest mammals.}, keywords = {behaviour, biodiversity, biogeography, Central Africa, Chiroptera, communities, conservation, distribution, ecology, endemic, evolution, Faunistik, guilds, habitat preferences, Mammalia, rainforests, reproduction, review, speciation, species richness, Vegetation, Verbreitung, West Africa, zoogeography}, author = {Happold, D. C. D.} } @article {3252, title = {Mantis movements by night and the interactions of sympatric bats and mantises}, journal = {Can. J. Zool.}, volume = {74}, number = {9}, year = {1996}, month = {1996}, pages = {1771-1774}, abstract = {{Bat-insect interactions should be a useful source of case studies for the "arms race" of predator and prey adaptations; currently, well-detailed examples are needed for the formulation of general hypotheses. In this paper I add to information on bat-mantis interactions, testing four predictions of the hypothesis that mantises with ears can detect and avoid bats: that mantises will fly by night, that they will be vulnerable to bats, that echolocating bats will be better at catching deafened than normal mantises, and that mantises which can hear bats{\textquoteright} calls will take evasive action. I found that tagged Miomantis cf. natalica Beier flew substantially on dark nights; indoors, undeafened mantises were better at avoiding Rhinolophus clivosus (Rhinolophidae: Microchiroptera) than were deafened mantises (n = 20 pairs; Mann-Whitney test}, keywords = {acoustic communication, behaviour, Beuteortung, Chiroptera, coevolution, diet, echolocation, ecology, evolution, Flederm{\"a}use, foraging, habitat preferences, Insecta, insectivory, Mantidae, Miomantis natalica, Nahrung, predation pressure, predator avoidance, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus clivosus, South Africa}, url = {Cumming 1996.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z96-194}, author = {Cumming, G. S.} } @article {3227, title = {New distribution records of free-tailed bats (Microchiroptera: Molossidae) in Zimbabwe}, journal = {Arnoldia Zimbabwe}, volume = {10}, number = {9}, year = {1996}, month = {1996b}, pages = {91-102}, abstract = {New distribution records are presented for five species of free-tailed bats from Zimbabwe, and many of the specimens examined constitute significant range extensions. These include the first known specimens of Tadarida ventralis from Zimbabwe and two additional specimens of T. lobata.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, distribution, ecology, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, habitat preferences, Mammalia, Molossidae, Mops condylurus, Mops midas, Southern Africa, species richness, systematics, Tadarida fulminans, Tadarida lobata, Tadarida ventralis, taxonomy, Verbreitung, Zimbabwe}, author = {Cotterill, F. P. D.} } @article {3226, title = {New distribution records of insectivorous bats of the families Nycteridae, Rhinolophidae and Vespertilionidae (Microchiroptera: Mammalia) in Zimbabwe}, journal = {Arnoldia Zimbabwe}, volume = {10}, number = {8}, year = {1996}, month = {1996a}, pages = {71-89}, abstract = {The distributions of twelve species of insectivorous bats in Zimbabwe are reviewed in light of numerous new specimens which constitute significant range extensions. The first known specimens of Pipistrellus anchietai and P. melckorum are reported from Zimbabwe.}, keywords = {[Neoromicia] Pipistrellus melckorum, Chiroptera, distribution, ecology, Eptesicus hottentotus, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, habitat preferences, Kerivoula lanosa, Laephotis botswanae, Mammalia, Myotis tricolor, Nycteridae, Nycteris hispida, Nycteris macrotis, Nycteris woodi, Pipistrellus anchietai [anchietae], Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus blasii, Rhinolophus swinnyi, Scotophilus nigrita, Southern Africa, species richness, systematics, taxonomy, Vespertilionidae, Zimbabwe}, author = {Cotterill, F. P. D.} } @article {5084, title = {New records of bats for Uganda and Burundi}, journal = {Afr. J. Ecol.}, volume = {34}, number = {2}, year = {1996}, month = {1996}, pages = {196-201}, abstract = {The collection of Myotis welwitschii and Pipistrellus kuhlii fuscatus in Uganda and Pipistrellus kuhlii fuscatus from Burundi is reported. These species were previously unknown from these countries. External and skull measurements are presented, as well as descriptions of pelage coloration and collecting locality and comments on distribution of the taxa.}, keywords = {Burundi, Central Africa, Chiroptera, distribution, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, habitat preferences, Mammalia, morphology, mountains, Myotis welwitschii, Pipistrellus kuhlii fuscatus [hesperidus], Ruwenzori Mts., systematics, taxonomy, Uganda, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Stanley, W. T. and Kerbis Peterhans, J. C. and Kityo, R. M. and Davenport, L.} } @article {2986, title = {Notes sur les Ischnopsyllinae du Continent Africain, III. Compl{\'e}ments {\`a} la r{\'e}partition des esp{\`e}ces (Insecta: Siphonaptera: Ischnopsyllidae)}, journal = {Senckenbergiana biol.}, volume = {75}, number = {1/2}, year = {1996}, month = {1996 [for 1995]}, pages = {163-169}, abstract = {First records of bat fleas are reported for Burkina Faso (Lagaropsylla anciauxi), Eritrea (Chiropteropsylla brockmani, L. ? anciauxi), Ethiopia (Lagaropsylla idae), Kenya (L. idae), Malawi (Ischnopsyllus emminus, Dampfia grahami equatoris, Lagaropsylla consularis), and Senegal (L. idae). New host species for bat fleas are Tadarida bivittata for L. anciauxi, Rhinolophus aethiops for Rhinolophopsylla ectopa, Pipistrellus rueppelli (1st African record) and P. kuhli for Ischnopsyllus emminus; the genus Scotophilus (1st African record) is a new host for Chiropteropsylla brockmani.}, keywords = {Africa, Burkina Faso, Chaerephon bivittatus, Chiroptera, Chiropteropsylla brockmani, Dampfia grahami equatoris, distribution, ectoparasites, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Flederm{\"a}use, host species, Insecta, Ischnopsyllidae, Ischnopsyllus emminus, Kenya, Lagaropsylla anciauxi, Lagaropsylla consularis, Lagaropsylla idae, Malawi, Mammalia, Molossidae, parasitism, Pipistrellus kuhlii, Pipistrellus rueppellii, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophopsylla ectopa, Rhinolophus aethiops [fumigatus], Scotophilus sp., Senegal, Siphonaptera, systematics, taxonomy, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Beaucournu, J.-C. and Kock, D.} } @article {4122, title = {Observations on the distribution and ecology of bats in Uganda}, journal = {J. East Afr. nat. Hist.}, volume = {85}, year = {1996}, month = {1996}, pages = {49-63}, abstract = {Bat community patterns in Uganda are examined in relation to their occurrence in the different vegetation zones of the country. The data available so far cover only three of the country{\textquoteright}s floristic regions. These data suggest that the northern drier region U1 has more microchiropteran bats and that species diversity of megachiropteran bats tends to increase in the more forested western U2 and southern U4 regions. Species accounts in the appendix largely summarise the known information, they reveal that much more work is required to fully document the bats of Uganda.}, keywords = {[Neoromicia] Eptesicus tenuipinnis, biodiversity, Chaerephon ansorgei, Chiroptera, communities, distribution, East Africa, ecology, Epomophorus minimus, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, Glauconycteris variegata, habitat preferences, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros abae, Mammalia, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus inflatus, Molossidae, Mops trevori, Nycticeinops schlieffenii, Pipistrellus inexspectatus, Pipistrellus rueppellii, Pteropodidae, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus clivosus, Rhinolophus hildebrandtii, Rhinolophus ruwenzorii, Rousettus lanosus, Scotoecus albofuscus, Scotoecus hirundo, species richness, Uganda, Vegetation, Vespertilionidae}, url = {Kityo \& Kerbis 1996.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.2982/0012-8317(1996)85[49:OOTDAE]2.0.CO;2http://ajol.info/index.php/jeanh/article/view/36596}, author = {Kityo, R. M. and Kerbis [Peterhans], J. C.} } @article {3224, title = {On the occurrence and possible migratory behaviour of the fruit bat Eidolon helvum in Mauritania, Africa}, journal = {J. Afr. Zool.}, volume = {110}, number = {5}, year = {1996}, month = {1996b}, pages = {369-371}, abstract = {The pteropodid bat Eidolon helvum (Kerr 1792) is recorded for the first time in Mauritania, this is one of the northernmost record for a member of this family in West Africa, and add some information on its probable migratory behaviour.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, distribution, Eidolon helvum, Mammalia, Mauritania, migration, Pteropodidae, West Africa}, author = {Cosson, J.-F. and Tranier, M. and Colas, F.} } @article {3052, title = {On the occurrence of a short period of delayed implantation in Schreibers{\textquoteright} long-fingered bat (Miniopterus schreibersii) from a tropical latitude in Zimbabwe}, journal = {J. Zool. (Lond.)}, volume = {238}, number = {1}, year = {1996}, month = {1996}, pages = {13-22}, abstract = {Mating in Schreibers{\textquoteright} long-fingered bat (Miniopterus schreibersii) from central Zimbabwe (18{\textdegree}S) occurred between mid-April and mid-May, after a five-month period of spermatogenesis. Implantation was delayed until early July and parturition occurred between late October and mid-November, about four months after implantation and six to seven months after fertilization. The timing and length of gestation at 18{\textdegree}S are similar to that described for M. schreibersii from Zaire (11{\textdegree}S) and when these data are compared with those for the same species from higher latitudes in Africa, it is apparent that there is a small, but distinct, increase in the total length of pregnancy and the length of delayed implantation with increasing latitude. The reproductive biology of Miniopterus schreibersii from Africa and France differs fundamentally from that of the same species from Australia and Japan, and it is suggested that studies of the relationship between latitude and duration of delayed implantation should be based on comparisons within single species from different latitudes on the same continent, and that comparisons between species and between continents should be avoided.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, delayed implantation, distribution, ecology, Europe, evolution, Flederm{\"a}use, Mammalia, mating systems, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus schreibersii, ovulation, reproduction, seasonality, Southern Africa, spermatogenesis, Verbreitung, Zimbabwe, zoogeography}, author = {Bernard, R. T. F. and Cotterill, F. P. D. and Fergusson, R. A.} } @article {3413, title = {Predation upon moths by free-foraging Hipposideros caffer}, journal = {J. Mamm.}, volume = {77}, number = {3}, year = {1996}, month = {1996}, pages = {708-715}, abstract = {Predation upon insects by the bat Hipposideros caffer was studied at Skukuza in the Kruger National Park of South Africa. These bats, whose echolocation calls are inaudible to moths, fed overwhelmingly upon tympanate Lepidoptera, although insects of other orders frequently dominated the local light-responsive, flying, nocturnal insect community. The relative numbers of noctuid, pyralid, and arctiid moths taken by the bats were proportional to the representation of these families in the general population of moths, but they took disproportionately fewer moths of the family Geometridae. The bats also ate significantly fewer arctiid moths of those species capable of clicking than of those species that could not. Because the arctiids could not hear approaching H. caffer, these moths did not click before contact with an attacking bat, and their clicks could not protect them by interfering with echolocation by the predators. These results are consistent with the startle and acoustic-aposematism hypotheses for the bat-protective function of arctiid clicks.}, keywords = {acoustic communication, Arctiidae, behaviour, Beutespektrum, Chiroptera, clicks, diet, echolocation, ecology, feeding habits, Flederm{\"a}use, food distribution, foraging, Geometridae, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros caffer, Insecta, Kruger-National Park, Lepidoptera, Mammalia, moths, Nahrung, Nahrungsspektrum, Nahrungswahl, Noctuidae, predator avoidance, prey detection, prey selection, Pyralidae, South Africa}, author = {Dunning, D. C. and Kr{\"u}ger, M.} } @article {5397, title = {Reproductive pattern in the male Angolan free-tailed bat, Tadarida (Mops) condylura (Microchiroptera: Molossidae) in the Eastern Transvaal, South Africa}, journal = {J. Zool. (Lond.)}, volume = {239}, number = {3}, year = {1996}, month = {1996}, pages = {465-476}, abstract = {The reproductive pattern in male Angolan free-tailed bats Tadarida (Mops) condylura was studied at two localities in the Eastern Transvaal during the period 1989-1991. Males displayed a nine-month breeding season extending from June to February. Following testicular recrudescence in early June, spermatogenic activity displayed two periods of peak activity in August/early September and November/early December. Although testes became involuted in March, baseline spermatogenic activity was maintained and testes never regressed to prepubertal conditions. Leydig cell morphology closely followed spermatogenic activity, with the diameter of Leydig cell nuclei displaying a concomitant seasonal pattern.}, keywords = {activity patterns, behaviour, Chiroptera, Flederm{\"a}use, Mammalia, Molossidae, Mops condylurus, physiology, reproduction, South Africa, spermatogenesis, testes}, author = {Vivier, L. and van der Merwe, M.} } @article {3664, title = {Results of a bat survey of the eastern slopes of the R{\'e}serve Naturelle Int{\'e}grale d{\textquoteright}Andringitra, Madagascar}, journal = {Fieldiana: Zoology n.s.}, number = {85}, year = {1996}, month = {1996}, pages = {284-288}, abstract = {Four bat species were recorded in the R{\'e}serve Naturelle Int{\'e}grale d{\textquoteright}Andringitra: Rousettus madagascariensis, Hipposideros commersoni, Myotis goudoti, and Miniopterus minor. The greatest species richness was at 720 and 810 m. Evidence was found that Myotis and Miniopterus occupy the same day-roosts. There was also the indication that Miniopterus minor has synchronized breeding and delayed embryonic development.}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, distribution, ecology, Faunistik, habitat preferences, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros commersonii, Madagascar, Mammalia, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus minor, morphology, Myotis goudoti, Pteropodidae, reproduction, Rousettus madagascariensis, species richness, systematics, taxonomy, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Goodman, S. M.} } @article {5409, title = {A review of the genus Epomophorus Bennett, 1836 (Mammalia, Megachiroptera) in Zimbabwe}, journal = {Arnoldia Zimbabwe}, volume = {10}, number = {10}, year = {1996}, month = {1996}, pages = {103-109}, abstract = {The distribution of Epomophorus Bennett, 1836 in Zimbabwe was reviewed using available specimens and published records. The typical distinguishing feature - two thick postdental palatal ridges in Epomophorus gambianus crypturus Peters, 1852 and one in E. wahlbergi (Sundevall, 1846) - is not always valid in immature E. gambianus. In Zimbabwe, both sexes of adult E. wahlbergi have a stouter skull, and males a shorter skull, compared to E. gambianus crypturus. Female E. wahlbergi are slightly larger than E. g. crypturus. These corrections of specimen identifies has changed the distribution of E. wahlbergi in Zimbabwe. E. wahlbergi occurs only in river valleys along the southern and northeastern edges of the country and in the high rainfall areas along the eastern border, while E. g. crypturus is more widespread and its distribution corresponds to that of the fruit-bearing tree Parinari curatellifolia.}, keywords = {allopatric, Chiroptera, distribution, ecology, Epomophorus gambianus crypturus, Epomophorus wahlbergi, food, frugivory, habitat preferences, Mammalia, morphology, Pteropodidae, Southern Africa, sympatric, systematics, taxonomy, Vegetation, Zimbabwe}, author = {Volpers, T. and Kumirai, A.} } @article {4442, title = {The sheath-tailed bat Coleura seychellensis Peters, 1868 (Chiroptera: Emballonuridae) rediscovered on Silhouette Island}, journal = {Phelsuma}, volume = {4}, year = {1996}, month = {1996}, pages = {67-68}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, Coleura seychellensis, distribution, Emballonuridae, Indian Ocean, Seychelles}, author = {Matyot, P.} } @article {4548, title = {Skin and serum reactivity among humans to histoplasmin in the vicinity of a natural focus of Histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii}, journal = {Mycopathologia}, volume = {134}, number = {2}, year = {1996}, month = {1996}, pages = {71-74}, abstract = {The epidemiology of histoplasmosis duboisii (African histoplasmosis) is not well understood. The present study was carried out to investigate the prevalence of skin sensitivity and to determine by immunodiffusion the presence of antibodies among humans to histoplasmin around a recently discovered natural focus of Histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii in a bat cave in Ogbunike in the Anambra State of Nigeria. Out of the 40 subjects, all young adults aged 18-30 years, comprising cave guides, traders and farmers examined in the immediate vicinity of the cave, 14 (35.0\%) gave a positive skin test. In another population of the same age group, comprising 620 persons, viz. traders, farmers, palm oil workers and some patients attending rural clinics, examined in other nearby areas in Anambra State, 55 (8.8\%) reacted positively to histoplasmin. In the immunodiffusion tests, 2 (2.08\%) of the 96 school children and 17 (9.4\%) of the 181 young adults, including farmers, palm oil workers and traders tested amongst the population around the cave, demonstrated precipitating antibodies to histoplasmin in their sera. Only 5 (0.79\%) of the 630 adults of the same age group with similar occupations examined from other areas in Anambra State had precipitating antibodies. Out of another 50 subjects examined, viz.; wood workers, traders, farmers, and school teachers in Nsukka in the Enugu State, two (4.0\%) demonstrated antibodies. It is suggested that asymptomatic infections due to the duboisii variety of H. capsulatum may be common in the human population around the cave. A diligent search with the help of local hospitals and public health officials may reveal clinical cases of histoplasmosis duboisii with cutaneous and systemic lesions.}, keywords = {caves, Chiroptera, day roosts, histoplasmosis, humans, infectious diseases, Nigeria, West Africa}, url = {Muotoe-Okafor et al. 1996.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00436867}, author = {Muotoe-Okafor, F. A. and Gugnani, H. C. and Gugnani, A.} } @article {3778, title = {The social organization and population dynamics of leaf-roosting banana bats, Pipistrellus nanus (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae), in Malawi, east-central Africa}, journal = {Mammalia}, volume = {60}, number = {4}, year = {1996}, month = {1996}, pages = {517-544}, abstract = {Banana bats were censused at their daytime roosts in furled leaves of bananas at fortnightly intervals from August 1993 to June 1994. The study area was a plantation of 138 numbered banana clumps arranged in a grid of 2 000 m2 near Namadzi in the Shire Highlands of Malawi. Each bat (n = 125) was banded. At each census, every furled leaf in the plantation was examined and all of the bats within each occupied leaf were captured. The band number of each bat, its reproductive condition, the composition and membership of each group of bats, and the site of capture were recorded.Bats were assigned to cohorts whose fates were followed; the population size ranged from 84 to about 45 during the study. Banana bats roosted in groups of 1-12 individuals. Mean group size ranged from 1.3 to 2.4, according to season. During parturition and lactation, females with young roosted separately from males, and the males roosted singly. At other times, adult males roosted singly or in larger groups composed of one (rarely two) male (s) and 1-10 females. Formation of groups of two or more bats was not attributable to a shortage of furled leaves. On most occasions, each male was found with a different group of females, and each female with a different male, showing that group membership is highly labile and suggesting that the mating system is promiscuous. Most males showed fidelity to a small number (< 5) of "reliable" banana clumps which were close together and which had one or more suitable furled leaves at all times. Females did not show such fidelity. The roosts, social behaviour, reproductive biology and sex ratios of leaf-roosting banana bats and thatch-roosting banana bats (considered to be conspecific), and two other species of bats, are compared so as to elucidate some of the environmental and phylogenetic factors which might have shaped the mating system of the leaf-roosting banana bats in Malawi.}, keywords = {[Neoromicia nana] Pipistrellus nanus, behaviour, Biotopwahl, Chiroptera, day roosts, ecology, Flederm{\"a}use, group size, Malawi, Mammalia, mating systems, reproduction, seasonality, social organization, Southern Africa, Vespertilionidae}, url = {Happold \& Happold 1996.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mamm.1996.60.4.517}, author = {Happold, D. C. D. and Happold, M.} } @article {5166, title = {Adhesive devices on the thumb of vespertilionoid bats (Chiroptera)}, journal = {J. Mamm.}, volume = {76}, number = {3}, year = {1995}, month = {1995}, pages = {925-936}, abstract = {We describe pads on the thumb of five vespertilionoid bats based on microanatomy and scanning microscopy and make inferences about their function. The pad of Thyroptera adheres by means of suction, and that of Tylonycteris uses dry adhesion. The pad of Glischropus has no true adhesive function and probably functions using friction. Topography of the pad of Pipistrellus nanus could interlock with substrate features, but the pad may have a minor function as a suction device. Glueing is most likely involved in the adhesion of Myzopoda to its substrate.}, keywords = {anatomy, Chiroptera, day roosts, Glischropus tylopus, morphology, Myzopoda aurita, Myzopodidae, Neoromicia nanus, Thyroptera tricolor, Thyropteridae, Tylonycteris pachypus, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Thewissen, J. G. M. and Etnier, S. A.} } @article {4072, title = {Altitudinal variation in the subcanopy fruit bat guild in Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea, Central Africa}, journal = {J. Trop. Ecol.}, volume = {11}, number = {1}, year = {1995}, month = {1995}, pages = {141-146}, abstract = {In this study we analyse variations in bat composition and richness within the subcanopy guild of fruit bats (Pteropodidae) in an altitudinal gradient on Bioko Island (Equatorial Guinea, Central Africa).}, keywords = {Africa, biodiversity, Bioko, Chiroptera, communities, competition, ecology, Faunistik, food distribution, foraging, frugivory, Gulf of Guinea, habitat preferences, island biogeography, Lissonycteris angolensis, Megaloglossus woermanni, niche overlap, Pteropodidae, Rousettus aegyptiacus, Scotonycteris zenkeri, species richness, Vegetation}, author = {Juste B., J. and P{\'e}rez del Val, J.} } @article {3412, title = {Aposematic sounds in African moths}, journal = {Biotropica}, volume = {27}, number = {2}, year = {1995}, month = {1995}, pages = {227-231}, abstract = {In response to tactile stimulation and to ultrasonic pulses such as those of attacking bats, many moths of the family Arctiidae produce ultrasonic clicks. To test the hypothesis that these clicks are aposematic sounds, warning bats of unpalatable prey, African moths of these two families were captured at lights, assayed for clicking responses to tactile and ultrasonic stimulation and placed, together with moths of similar body sizes and other families captured at the same time, in a small cage with sympatric Tadarida pumila bats. Arctiid fragments were sought among the insect remains (mostly moth wings) dropped by free-foraging Hipposideros caffer bats. There were no arctiid wings among them, and the captive bats ate a significantly larger proportion of control moths than arctiids. There were no significant differences by species or sex in the arctiids{\textquoteright} clicking responses to either stimulus or in their palatability to bats. Since the arctiids did dick in response to bat-like stimuli and were clearly less palatable to the bats than the control moths, we conclude that the sounds of these moths can act as aposematic sounds.}, keywords = {acoustic communication, animal communication, aposematism, Arctiidae, behaviour, Beutespektrum, Chaerephon pumilus, Chiroptera, diet, ecology, Flederm{\"a}use, foraging, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros caffer, Insecta, Lepidoptera, Mammalia, Molossidae, Nahrung, Nahrungswahl, predation pressure, predator avoidance, prey selection, South Africa, ultrasonic clicks}, author = {Dunning, D. C. and Kr{\"u}ger, M.} } @article {4182, title = {The bats of Liberia: Systematics, ecology, and distribution}, journal = {Am. Mus. Novitates}, number = {3148}, year = {1995}, month = {1995}, pages = {1-24}, abstract = {Lists of bat species were (with critical taxonomic study when necessary) compiled for six countries of West Africa from Ghana to Guinea-Bissau (79 from Ghana, 62 from Ivory Coast, 57 from Liberia, 57 from Sierra Leone, 37 from Guinea, 24 from Guinea-Bissau) with a total (for all six countries) of 94 species. All but two species extend east of this region, 40 extend west of it, and two (Rhinolophus guineensis, Hipposideros marisae) appear to be confined to it. On the basis of overall distribution, 42 species are classified as basically forest, 18 as savanna, 29 ecologically widespread, and 5 (Rhinolophus simulator, R. clivosus, R. maclaudi, Hipposideros marisae, Myotis tricolor) as upland, at least in West Africa. A more detailed analysis is attempted for those species occurring in Liberia. This has revealed a number of uncertainties and alternative interpretations. Some of these are probably related to the progressive deforestation that has accompanied human impact in Liberia as elsewhere.}, keywords = {biodiversity, Chiroptera, communities, ecology, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, habitat preferences, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mammalia, morphology, Pteropodidae, rainforests, Sierra Leone, species richness, systematics, taxonomy, Vegetation, West Africa, zoogeography}, author = {Koopman, K. F. and Kofron, C. P. and Chapman, A.} } @article {3222, title = {Captures of Myonycteris torquata (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) in forest canopy in south Cameroon}, journal = {Biotropica}, volume = {27}, number = {3}, year = {1995}, month = {1995}, pages = {395-396}, keywords = {Cameroon, canopy, capture rates, Central Africa, Chiroptera, ecology, Epomops franqueti, Faunistik, foraging, habitat preferences, Mammalia, Pteropodidae, rainforests, Scotonycteris zenkeri, vertical stratification}, author = {Cosson, J.-F.} } @article {4730, title = {Chiropt{\`e}res}, journal = {Faune de Madagascar}, volume = {84}, year = {1995}, month = {1995}, pages = {1-204}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, Eidolon, endemic, evolution, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, island biogeography, Lissonycteris, Madagascar, Mammalia, morphology, Myonycteris, phylogeny, Pteropodidae, revision, Rousettus, sibling species, speciation, species richness, systematics, taxonomy, zoogeography}, author = {Peterson, R. L. and Eger, J. L. and Mitchell, L.} } @article {3868, title = {Community structure and evolution of insectivorous bats in the Palaeotropics and Neotropics}, journal = {J. Trop. Ecol.}, volume = {11}, number = {3}, year = {1995}, month = {1995}, pages = {429-442}, abstract = {The most diverse known communities of insectivorous bats in the Palaeotropics and Neotropics are similar in alpha diversity (number of species). However, they show distinct differences with respect to wing morphology and the echolocation behaviour of their component species. In the Palaeotropics, most bat families are clearly separated in wing morphospace. The morphological niche of Rhinolophidae is vacant in the Neotropics, but primitive echolocators using sound primarily for scanning the environment rather than for prey capture are much more frequent there than in the Palaeotropics. In our opinion, a large portion of this difference can be traced to the different evolutionary histories of the respective communities. Bat families of different geographical origin are involved and their foraging styles obviously evolved differently in the Old and New World.}, keywords = {Africa, Asia, behaviour, biodiversity, Chiroptera, communities, echolocation, ecology, evolution, Flederm{\"a}use, foraging, guilds, habitat preferences, Krau Wildlife Reserve, Malaysia, Mammalia, Neotropics, Palaeotropics, species richness, Ulu Gombak, wing morphology}, author = {Heller, K.-G. and Volleth, M.} } @article {2979, title = {The comparative pollination and floral biology of baobabs (Adansonia - Bombacacee)}, journal = {Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard.}, volume = {82}, year = {1995}, month = {1995}, pages = {322-348}, abstract = {The baobabs comprise eight species with large, spectacular, nocturnal flowers. The African baobab, Adansonia digitata, has long been known to be bat-pollinated. In this paper I document the floral biology and pollination systems of the remaining seven species. The two species in section Brevitubae, both endemic to Madagascar, are pollinated by nocturnal mammals (fruit bats and lemurs). In contrast, the five species in section Longitubae, four endemic to Madagascar and one to Australia, are pollinated by long-tongued hawkmoths. In all cases, animals besides the legitimate pollinators also exploited nectar and pollen. The two pollination systems occurring in the genus correlate closely with differences in the floral morphology, phenology, and nectar production.}, keywords = {Adansonia digitata, Africa, animal-plant interactions, Artenzahl, Aves, behaviour, Cheirogaleus, Chiroptera, diet, ecology, Eidolon dupreanum, flowers, Insecta, lemurs, Lepidoptera, Madagascar, Mammalia, morphology, Nahrung, Nectarinia, nectarivory, nocturnal, Phaner, pollination, Primates, Pteropodidae, Pteropus rufus, Rousettus madagascariensis, Sphingidae}, author = {Baum, D. A.} } @book {3785, title = {Contribution a l{\textquoteright}Inventaire des Chiropt{\`e}res du Parc National et de la Zone Cyneg{\'e}tique de la Pendjari}, year = {1995}, month = {1995}, pages = {52 pp., Plate a-q, Appendix i-vii}, publisher = {Campagne d{\textquoteright}Etude 1993}, organization = {Campagne d{\textquoteright}Etude 1993}, address = {Benin, privately published}, keywords = {Benin, Chaerephon nigeriae, Chiroptera, Coleura afra, distribution, Emballonuridae, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, Glauconycteris variegata, Mammalia, Molossidae, Mops midas, Pendjari National Park, Pteropodidae, Rousettus aegyptiacus, Scotoecus albofuscus, Scotoecus hirundo, species richness, Taphozous perforatus, Vespertilionidae, West Africa}, author = {Haquart, A. and Rombaut, D.} } @article {5408, title = {Ecological aspects of the distribution of Epomophorus-fruit bats (Mammal., Chiropt.) in Zimbabwe}, journal = {Verhandl. Ges. {\"o}kol.}, volume = {24}, year = {1995}, month = {1995}, pages = {89-92}, keywords = {acoustic communication, calls, Chiroptera, courtship behaviour, ecology, Epomophorus gambianus crypturus, Epomophorus wahlbergi, habitat preferences, Mammalia, Pteropodidae, Southern Africa, systematics, taxonomy, Vegetation, Verbreitung, Zimbabwe, zoogeography}, author = {Volpers, T. and Kumirai, A.} } @article {3330, title = {First record of Tadarida aegyptiaca (Chiroptera, Molossidae) from Morocco}, journal = {Mammalia}, volume = {59}, number = {2}, year = {1995}, note = {See Aulagnier \& Denys 2000}, month = {1995a}, pages = {266-268}, keywords = {Aves, Beutespektrum, Bubo ascalaphus, Chiroptera, distribution, Elephantulus, Faunistik, first record, Flederm{\"a}use, Gerbillus, Jaculus, Mammalia, Molossidae, Morocco, morphology, North Africa, predation pressure, prey selection, Rodentia, Strigiformes, Tadarida aegyptiaca, Uromastyx, Verbreitung}, url = {Denys et al. 1995a.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mamm.1995.59.2.263}, author = {Denys, C. and Bogdanowicz, W. and Aulagnier, S.} } @article {3760, title = {First record of the genus Megaderma Geoffroy (Microchiroptera: Megadermatidae) from Australia}, journal = {Palaeovertebrata}, volume = {24}, number = {1-2}, year = {1995}, month = {1995}, pages = {47-66}, abstract = {A new Tertiary megadermatid is described from Rackham{\textquoteright}s Roost Site, a Pliocene limestone cave deposit on Riversleigh Station, northwestern Queensland, Australia. It appears to represent the first Australian record of Megaderma Geoffroy, 1810, a genus otherwise known from Tertiary African and European taxa and the living Asian species M. spasma (Linnaeus, 1758) and M. (Lyroderma) lyra Peters, 1872. Megaderma richardsi n. sp. is one of the smallest megadermatids known. It exhibits a mixture of plesiomorphic and autapomorphic features, the latter appearing to exclude it from being ancestral to any living megadermatid. The new species is one of eight megadermatids identified from the Australian fossil record, most of which are referable to Macroderma Miller, 1906.}, keywords = {Australia, Chiroptera, fossils, Megaderma richardsi sp. nov., Megadermatidae, palaeontology, Pliocene, Queensland, Riversleigh, systematics, Tertiary}, author = {Hand, S. J} } @article {3624, title = {Forest birds in C{\^o}te d{\textquoteright}Ivoire. A survey of Ta{\"{\i} National Park and forestry plantations, 1989-1991}, journal = {Birdlife International Study Report}, volume = {58}, year = {1995}, month = {1995}, pages = {i-v, 1-81}, keywords = {Aves, biodiversity, canopy, Chiroptera, community ecology, conservation, distribution, ecology, Epomops buettikoferi, Eptesicus sp., Faunistik, habitat preferences, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros commersoni [gigas], Hipposideros cyclops, Hipposideros ruber, Hipposideros sp., Hypsignathus monstrosus, Ivory Coast, Mammalia, Megaloglossus woermanni, Myonycteris torquata, Nycteridae, Nycteris sp., Pteropodidae, rainforests, reproduction, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus fumigatus [alcyone?], Rhinolophus sp., seasonality, species richness, Ta{\"{\i} National Park, Vegetation, Vespertilionidae, West Africa}, author = {Gartshore, M. E. and Taylor, P. D. and Francis, I. S.} } @article {3174, title = {Global patterns of mammalian diversity, endemism, and endangerment}, journal = {Conserv. Biol.}, volume = {9}, number = {3}, year = {1995}, month = {1995}, pages = {559-568}, abstract = {To assess the conservation status of the world{\textquoteright}s land mammals, we compiled data on the number of total species, endemic species, recently extinct species, and currently endangered species for 155 countries. Total species richness was significantly correlated with territorial land area, whereas number of endemic species was only weakly correlated with both area and total number of species. The large amount of variation left unexplained by species-area regressions reflects the influence of other factors, such as latitude, topographic and habitat heterogeneity, and historical biogeography, on species richness and especially on patterns of endemism. Countries of particular conservation concern, because they have rich mammalian faunas containing many endemic species, are the large islands of Australia, Madagascar, Indonesia, and the Philippines, as well as continental Mexico. Patterns of recent extinctions and the current endangered status of species were difficult to interpret, largely because of inadequate and inconsistent data. The majority of officially listed endangered species are large, well known, and popular mammals, such as primates, ungulates, and carnivores, whereas the majority of species known to have gone recently extinct and likely to be currently threatened are small and inconspicuous, such as rodents and bats. Our work not only illustrates the role of ecological, evolutionary, and biogeographic processes in the origin and maintenance of land mammal diversity, it also presents the information at the level of biogeographic regions and political units where management and policy must be applied in order to slow the loss of this diversity.}, keywords = {biodiversity, Chiroptera, conservation, distribution, ecology, endemism, Mammalia, speciation, species richness, threatened species, zoogeography}, author = {Ceballos, G. and Brown, J. H.} } @article {4347, title = {Otomops martiensseni}, journal = {Mammalian Species}, number = {493}, year = {1995}, month = {1995}, pages = {1-5}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, Molossidae, review}, author = {Long, J. K.} } @article {3649, title = {Otonycteris hemprichii}, journal = {Mammalian Species}, number = {514}, year = {1995}, month = {1995}, pages = {1-4}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, Otonycteris hemprichii, review, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Gharaibeh, B. M. and Qumsiyeh, M. B.} } @article {4871, title = {New observations on the large-eared free-tailed bat Otomops martiensseni in Durban, South Africa}, journal = {Durban Mus. Novit.}, volume = {20}, year = {1995}, month = {1995}, pages = {72-74}, keywords = {Chiroptera, day roosts, distribution, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, habitat preferences, Mammalia, Molossidae, morphology, Otomops martiensseni, roosting behaviour, social organization, South Africa, Verbreitung}, author = {Richardson, E. J. and Taylor, P. J.} } @article {3698, title = {Notes on echolocation calls, food and roosting behaviour of the Old World sucker-footed bat Myzopoda aurita (Chiroptera, Myzopodidae)}, journal = {Z. S{\"a}ugetierk.}, volume = {60}, number = {1}, year = {1995}, month = {1995}, pages = {1-8}, abstract = {In 1992 one individual of the rare species Myzopoda aurita was captured near Fort Dauphin in southeastern Madagascar. Pellet analysis revealed that the animal had fed on Microlepidoptera before capture. The bat was observed in a flight cage. It clinged head upright to the lower leaf surface of a traveller{\textquoteright}s palm Ravenala madagascariensis, using its stiff tail as a prop. While readily flying in the cage, the specimen emitted FM echolocation calls which were recorded and analysed for the first time in this species: They are characterized by two to four distinct pulse elements of increased amplitude. The second of maximal four harmonics was always the strongest component. During the remarkably long call of up to 23 ms, the frequency of the second harmonic decreased from 42 to 24 kHz with a shallow sweep at the beginning and a steep sweep at its end. Most calls were emitted in pairs. Possible functions of this call structure are discussed.}, keywords = {Africa, behaviour, Chiroptera, diet, echolocation, ecology, endemic, Flederm{\"a}use, habitat preferences, insectivory, Madagascar, morphology, Myzopoda aurita, Myzopodidae, Nahrung, Nahrungswahl, roosting behaviour}, author = {G{\"o}pfert, M. C. and Wasserthal, L. T.} } @article {3869, title = {Notes on some vespertilionid bats from the Kivu region, Central Africa (Mammalia: Chiroptera)}, journal = {Senckenbergiana biol.}, volume = {74}, number = {1/2}, year = {1995}, month = {1995 [for 1994]}, pages = {1-8}, abstract = {Three species of rare vespertilionid bats were recorded in 1990 in the Kivu region (Rwanda and Zaire): Hypsugo eisentrauti (new for Rwanda), Hypsugo crassulus (additionally new for Ivory Coast) and Glauconycteris beatrix. The West African H. eisentrauti bellieri, according to the holotype skull and skin studied, is to be removed from H. eisentrauti and very probably represents a western subspecies of H. crassulus. Of all three species and some further Glauconycteris sp. bacula are illustrated and for both Hypsugo species distribution maps are given. The taxonomic status of G. beatrix, G. poensis (1st record from Cameroon) and G. humeralis is discussed.}, keywords = {[Pipistrellus bellieri] Hypsugo crassulus bellieri, [Pipistrellus sp. nov.] Hypsugo eisentrauti, [Pipistrellus] Hypsugo crassulus, Africa, Cameroon, Chiroptera, Congo (Kinshasa), Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, Glauconycteris beatrix, Glauconycteris humeralis [beatrix], Glauconycteris poensis, Ivory Coast, morphology, Pipistrellus, Rwanda, species richness, systematics, taxonomy, Vespertilionidae, zoogeography}, author = {Heller, K.-G. and Volleth, M. and Kock, D.} } @article {5283, title = {Observations on the timing of reproduction in the congeneric Comoro Island fruit bats, Pteropus livingstonii and P. seychellensis comorensis}, journal = {J. Zool. (Lond.)}, volume = {236}, number = {2}, year = {1995}, month = {1995}, pages = {327-331}, abstract = {Pteropus livingstonii (Gray 1866) is a highly endangered fruit bat of the Comoro Islands (Western Indian Ocean). Limited information on the bats{\textquoteright} population biology is hampering conservation measures. During an expedition in 1992, observations were made on the timing of reproduction of P. livingstonii and the congeneric P. seychellensis comorensis (Nicoll, 1908): P. livingstonii breeds two months earlier than P. s. comorensis. These observations are discussed in relation to what is known about reproduction in Pteropus, and past observations on the Comorien Pteropus species.}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, Comoros, conservation, day roosts, ecology, Indian Ocean, Mammalia, parental care, Pteropodidae, Pteropus livingstonii, Pteropus seychellensis comorensis, reproduction, roosting behaviour}, url = {Trewhella et al. 1995.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1995.tb04497.x}, author = {Trewhella, W. J. and Reason, P. F. and Davies, J. G. and Wray, S.} } @article {3632, title = {Patterns of distribution and current protection status of the Carnivora, Chiroptera and Insectivora in South Africa}, journal = {S. Afr. J. Zool.}, volume = {30}, number = {3}, year = {1995}, month = {1995}, pages = {103-114}, abstract = {Geographic patterns of species richness and endemism in three mammalian orders (Chiroptera, Insectivora and Carnivora) were studied in relation to the biomes and existing protected areas of greater South Africa (including Lesotho and Swaziland). Locality data for 21500 specimens representing 124 species were analysed with a geographical information system. Species richness of Chiroptera is high in the savanna biome, particularly in the north-east of the country, owing to the marginal intrusion of 14 tropical species. Endemism in Chiroptera is low, however, with only two endemic species in the fynbos and Karoo biomes. The Carnivore display less biome specificity and endemism than the Chiroptera. Whereas the north-eastern savannas have the highest species richness, the transition between the Nama-Karoo and grassland biomes is an important southern African centre of endemism for the Carnivore, particularly the smaller species. In addition to being an important centre for species richness in the Carnivore and Chiroptera, the Kruger National Park is also particularly important for Red Data Book species in both orders. The Insectivore display both high species richness and endemism. Species richness of the Insectivora is greatest in the mesic south-east of the country, whereas endemism is most pronounced in the forest and grassland biomes. Differences in biome specificity and endemism between these orders reflect not only phylogenetic divergence, but also variation in body size, vagility and life-history strategies. Most of South Africa{\textquoteright}s endemics are small mammals and many of them are listed in the Red Data Book. Distributions, life-history strategies and trends in man-induced habitat degradation were used to re-evaluate the protection status of the 124 species. We conclude that at least 11 endemic species are not adequately protected by existing publicly owned protected areas and consequently identify several areas which need to be added to the existing protected area system.}, keywords = {allopatric, biodiversity, Carnivora, Chiroptera, communities, conservation, distribution, ecology, endemic, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, GIS, habitat preferences, Insectivora, Kruger National Park, Mammalia, Pteropodidae, South Africa, species richness, sympatric, Verbreitung, zoogeography}, author = {Gelderblom, C. M. and Bronner, G. N. and Lombard, A. T. and Taylor, P. J.} } @article {4120, title = {Phylogeny of the Pteropodidae (Mammalia: Chiroptera) based on DNA hybridisation, with evidence for bat monophyly}, journal = {Aust. J. Zool.}, volume = {43}, number = {4}, year = {1995}, note = {see Hollar \& Springer 1997, Springer et al. 1995}, month = {1995}, pages = {395-428}, abstract = {We constructed DNA-hybridisation matrices comparing 18 genera of Megachiroptera and an outgroup microchiropteran, and eight species of Pteropus and two related genera. Three species each of Megachiroptera and Microchiroptera, two of Primates, and an outgroup armadillo were compared in another matrix; additional representatives of other mammalian orders figured in a further set of experiments. Among the megachiropterans examined, Nyctimene and Paranyctimene comprise the sistergroup to other pteropodids. Of the {\textquoteright}macroglossines{\textquoteright}, only Macroglossus and Syconycteris are associated apart from typical pteropodines, while the Coot remaining nectar-feeders (Eonycteris, Megaloglossus, Melonycteris, Notopteris) are independently linked with non-nectar-feeding clades. Thus, Megaloglossus is the nearest relative of Lissonycteris, with Epomophorus and Rousettus successive sister-groups to both, while Eonycteris is the sister of all four; Melonycteris and Pteralopex form a trichotomy with the closely related Acerodon and Pteropus, and Notopteris is the sister-taxon to all four. It therefore appears that anatomical specialisations for nectar- and pollen-feeding evolved (or were lost) several times within Pteropodidae. Cynopterus and Dobsonia represent additional clades within the Pteropodinae, with which Thoopterus and Aproteles are respectively paired. Comparisons among species of Pteropus and related genera suggest that Acerodon may be congeneric with Pteropus, but that Pteralopex clearly is not. The ordinal-level matrices support bat monophyly: no order tested is closer to either of the chiropteran suborders than they are to each other, and bats are separated from Primates by at least two nodes. On the basis of previous rate determinations for mammals, we estimate that the African grouping (Epomophorus, Megaloglossus, Lissonycteris) is mid-Miocene in origin, that the two major pteropodid subfamilies (Nyctimeninae and Pteropodinae, including {\textquoteright}Macroglossinae{\textquoteright}) separated in the Early Miocene, and that the divergence of chiropteran suborders dates from the latest Cretaceous or earliest Palaeocene. Arrangement of genera within Pteropodidae supports the family{\textquoteright}s Australo-Pacific or South-east Asian origin.}, keywords = {biogeography, Chiroptera, evolution, Flederm{\"a}use, Mammalia, morphology, phylogeny, Pteropodidae, speciation, systematics, taxonomy}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ZO9950395}, author = {Kirsch, J. A. W. and Flannery, T. F. and Springer, M. S. and Lapointe, F.-J.} } @article {4815, title = {Predation on vertebrates in the Kirindy forest, western Madagascar}, journal = {Ecotropica}, volume = {1}, year = {1995}, month = {1995}, pages = {59-65}, keywords = {Africa, Asio madagascariensis, Aves, Carnivora, Chiroptera, Cryproprocta ferox, Madagascar, Mammalia, Molossidae, Mops condylurus [leucostigma], predation, prey selection, Strigiformes, Tyto alba}, author = {Rasoloarison, R. M. and Rasolonandrasana, B. P. N. and Ganzhorn, J. U. and Goodman, S. M.} } @article {3060, title = {Seasonally monoestrous reproduction in the molossid bat, Tadarida aegyptiaca from low temperate latitudes (33{\textdegree}S) in South Africa}, journal = {S. Afr. J. Zool.}, volume = {30}, number = {1}, year = {1995}, month = {1995}, pages = {18-22}, abstract = {A histological study of reproduction in Egyptian free-tailed bats (Tadarida aegyptiaca) from the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa (c. 33{\textdegree}S) showed that females were seasonally monoestrous. Copulation, ovulation and fertilization occurred in August, at the end of winter, and births in December, after a four-month pregnancy. These results are compared with those of other molossid bats from lower latitudes in Africa. We conclude that the monoestrous habit of the Egyptian free-tailed bat at 33{\textdegree}S may be due to its relatively long pregnancy, and to the short summer period during which minimum temperatures are high enough to ensure an abundance of nocturnal flying insects.}, keywords = {anatomy, Chiroptera, copulation, gestation period, histology, Molossidae, ovulation, parturition, reproduction, South Africa, Tadarida aegyptiaca}, author = {Bernard, R. T. F. and Tsita, J. N.} } @article {4441, title = {Sightings of the sheath-tailed bat Coleura seychellensis Peters, 1868 (Chiroptera: Emballonuridae)}, journal = {Phelsuma}, volume = {3}, year = {1995}, month = {1995}, pages = {74-76}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, Coleura seychellensis, distribution, Emballonuridae, Indian Ocean, Seychelles}, author = {Matyot, P.} } @article {4395, title = {Stereological methods for estimating the functional surfaces of the chiropteran small intestine}, journal = {J. Anat.}, volume = {187}, number = {2}, year = {1995}, month = {1995}, pages = {361-368}, abstract = {A tissue sampling protocol has been devised for studying the functional surfaces of chiropteran small intestine and drawing comparisons within and between species. The goal was to obtain minimally biased stereological estimates of villous and microvillous surface areas and the numbers of microvilli. The approach is illustrated using the intestines of 3 bats (from frugivorous and entomophagous groups) and is based on the use of vertical sections and cycloid test arcs. A sampling scheme with 3 levels was employed. At level 1 (macroscopy), primary mucosal area was estimated from intestinal length and perimeter. Amplification factors due to villi were estimated at level 2 (light microscopy, LM) whilst microvillous amplifications were estimated at level 3 (transmission electron microscopy, TEM). The absolute surfaces, lengths and diameters of microvilli were used to calculate packing densities and absolute numbers. Estimated villous surface areas of the entire small intestine were 44.4 cm2 (Miniopterus inflatus, entomophagous), 410 cm2 (Epomophorus wahlbergi, frugivorous) and 237 cm2 (Lisonycteris angolensis, frugivorous). Corresponding microvillous surface areas were 0.11, 1.69 and 1.01 m2 whilst the numbers of microvilli per intestine were 4.5, 23.4 and 8.8 x 10^11. When normalised for body weights, microvillous surfaces were 122, 246 and 133 cm2/g respectively. The functional surfaces of the fruit bat appear to be more extensive than those of the entomophagous bat.}, keywords = {anatomy, Chiroptera, diet, East Africa, Epomophorus wahlbergi, frugivory, gastrointestinal, histology, insectivory, intestine, Kenya, Lissonycteris angolensis, microscopy, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus inflatus, Pteropodidae, surface}, author = {Makanya, A. N. and Mayhew, T. M. and Maina, J. N.} } @article {5475, title = {Two rare species of the bats, Triaenopus rufus and Mormopterus jugularis (Mammalia, Chiroptera) from Madagascar}, journal = {Bulletin of the National Science Museum Series A (Zoology)}, volume = {21}, number = {2}, year = {1995}, month = {1995}, pages = {119-126}, abstract = {Madagascan red trident bat, Triaenops rufus of the Hipposideridae and Peter{\textquoteright}s wrinkle-lipped bat, Mormopterus jugularis of the Molossidae are the endemic species in Madagascar. The materials of these species have been few until present time. The present paper describes the external, cranial and dental characters of these imperfectly known species.}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, Hipposideridae, Madagascar, Molossidae, Mormopterus jugularis, morphology, Triaenops rufus}, author = {Yoshiyuki, M.} } @article {4064, title = {Bats of the Gulf of Guinea islands: Faunal composition and origins}, journal = {Biodiver. Conserv.}, volume = {3}, number = {9}, year = {1994}, month = {1994a}, pages = {837-850}, abstract = {The present study compares the bat faunas of the islands of the Gulf of Guinea. Species composition, endemism and hypothetical origins are discussed. All families present in the mainland region are found in Bioko, a typical landbridge island. Foliage gleaning guild species (Nycteridae) show limited colonization abilities. This is also true of the family Rhinolophidae, but not for the closely related family Hipposideridae. The majority of the oceanic island species are African bats which show a widespread distribution and, therefore, have a high ecological plasticity. The continental relatives of the two endemic species Myonycteris brachycephala and Chaerephon tomensis are restricted to relatively small forested areas. Bioko{\textquoteright}s bat fauna is the result of the recent isolation from a formerly land-connected community. The oceanic bat faunas originated from the establishment of incomers from other areas. Nevertheless, extinction appears in both vicariant and dispersal processes, as an important factor in modelling the current bat communities of the Gulf of Guinea islands.}, keywords = {Africa, allopatric, Annob{\'o}n, behaviour, biodiversity, Bioko, Chiroptera, communities, conservation, diet, ecology, endemic, evolution, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, guilds, Gulf of Guinea, habitat preferences, island biogeography, Mammalia, phylogeny, Pr{\'{\i}ncipe, Pteropodidae, S{\~a}o Tom{\'e}, speciation, species richness, sympatric, systematics, taxonomy, Vegetation, zoogeography}, author = {Juste B., J. and Ib{\'a}{\~n}ez, C.} } @article {4042, title = {Biodiversity in the Gulf of Guinea: An overview}, journal = {Biodiver. Conserv.}, volume = {3}, number = {9}, year = {1994}, month = {1994b}, pages = {772-784}, abstract = {Patterns of species-richness and endemism in the Gulf of Guinea reflect the region{\textquoteright}s biogeographic history. Bioko is a continental-shelf island that was recently connected to the African mainland, whereas Pr{\'{\i}ncipe, S{\~a}o Tom{\'e} and Annobon are truly oceanic and have never been connected with each other or with the mainland. As a result, Bioko supports a much more diverse flora and fauna but with relatively low levels of endemism at the species level, whereas the oceanic islands are relatively depauperate because of their isolation but rich in endemic taxa. Species endemism is 0-3\% on Bioko for angiosperms, bats, birds, reptiles and amphibians, compared with much higher values on Pr{\'{\i}ncipe for these same taxa of 8\% (plants) to 100\% (amphibians), on S{\~a}o Tom{\'e} between 14\% (plants) and 100\% (amphibians, and on Annobon 0\% (bats) to 71\% (reptiles). On a global scale, for their size both Pr{\'{\i}ncipe and S{\~a}o Tom{\'e} support unusually high numbers of single-island endemic species of birds, reptiles and amphibia. For its tiny size, Annobon is also notable for its endemic birds and reptiles. Among terrestrial molluscs the rates of endemism are in general higher than for plants and vertebrates, from ca 50\% on Bioko to ca 80\% on the oceanic islands. In contrast and as might be expected, only Bioko supports a rich freshwater fish fauna and it contains many endemic taxa, whereas the oceanic islands support only a few salt-tolerant species. The Gulf of Guinea islands are also important for their marine organisms, amongst which coral reef fish and marginellid molluscs show high levels of endemism, though they are not especially species-rich. The Gulf of Guinea islands are of great interest to conservationists and evolutionary biologists. Each island, of greatly differing size and degree of isolation. has acquired its unique sub-set of plants and animals separately from the neighbouring mainland. followed by adaptive radiation in situ. For this reason the conservation value of the archipelago as a whole is greater than the sum of the biodiversity contained in its individual islands. Conservation initiatives in the Gulf of Guinea should therefore ensure that representative terrestrial, freshwater and marine habitats and groups of organisms are targeted in a coordinated manner among the islands.}, keywords = {Africa, allopatric, Amphibia, Annob{\'o}n, Aves, biodiversity, Bioko, conservation, ecology, endemic, evolution, Faunistik, Gulf of Guinea, invertebrates, island biogeography, Mammalia, Pisces, plants, Pr{\'{\i}ncipe, Reptilia, S{\~a}o Tom{\'e}, speciation, species richness, sympatric, Vegetation, zoogeography}, author = {Jones, P. J.} } @article {5469, title = {Comparative study of the karyotypes of two Egyptian species of bats, Taphozous perforatus and Taphozous nudiventris (Chiroptera: Mammalia)}, journal = {Experientia}, volume = {50}, number = {11-12}, year = {1994}, month = {1994}, pages = {1111-1114}, abstract = {A detailed karyotypic analysis of two Egyptian species of bats, Taphozous perforatus and Taphozous nudiventris, was made on the basis of conventional data and G-band patterns. No detectable karyotypic difference was found between the two species (2n = 42, F.N. 64). By comparison of G-band patterns, some differences between the two species were seen in the corresponding autosomal pairs. These results are reported for the first time in Egypt.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, chromosomes, cytogenetics, Egypt, Emballonuridae, karyotypes, North Africa, Taphozous nudiventris, Taphozous perforatus}, author = {Yaseen, A. E. and Hassan, A. and Kawashti, L. S.} } @article {4063, title = {Contribution to the knowledge of the bat fauna of Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea (Central Africa)}, journal = {Z. S{\"a}ugetierk.}, volume = {59}, number = {5}, year = {1994}, month = {1994b}, pages = {274-281}, abstract = {Although having been long studied, the bat fauna of Bioko island (formerly Fernando Poo, Equatorial Guinea, Central Africa), is still little known. The species Hipposideros commersoni, Glauconycteris beatrix, Pipistrellus(P.) kuhlii, P. (N.) tenuipinnis, and P. (N.) cf. capensis are reported for the first time. Furthermore, the species Myonycteris torquata, Taphozous mauritianus, Nycteris arge, Hipposideros cyclops, Glauconycteris poensis, Mops (X.) spurrelli and M. (X.) thersites, previously reported as doubtful, are confirmed on Bioko. These results increase the bat checklist for Bioko island by 25\%, and it now includes 26 species.}, keywords = {Africa, Bioko, Chiroptera, ecology, Emballonuridae, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, Glauconycteris beatrix, Glauconycteris poensis, Gulf of Guinea, habitat preferences, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros commersoni [gigas], Hipposideros cyclops, island biogeography, Mammalia, Molossidae, Mops spurrelli, Mops thersites, Myonycteris torquata, Neoromicia cf. capensis, Neoromicia tenuipinnis, Nycteridae, Nycteris arge, Pipistrellus kuhlii [hesperidus], Pteropodidae, species richness, systematics, Taphozous mauritianus, taxonomy, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Juste B., J. and Ib{\'a}{\~n}ez, C.} } @article {5311, title = {Contribution to the taxonomy of the genus Spinturnix (Acari: Spinturnicidae), with the erection of a new genus, Emballonuria}, journal = {Folia Parasitologica}, volume = {41}, year = {1994}, month = {1994}, pages = {287-304}, abstract = {We evaluated various characters, inclusive of those observable rapidly and intuitionally, as taxonomic criteria for Spinturnix mites. In addition to the form and nature of idiosomal armatures, and chaetotaxy on idiosoma, idiosomal armatures and legs that have been widely used as taxonomic criteria, the topography of proteronotal setae, dorsal scales, ornamentations on the dorsal shield, sternal or sterno-genital shield, and venter of proximal leg segments were proved to be characteristic of a species. As the first step for putting the taxonomy of European species in order, the myoti, acuminata, carnificina and psi species groups were defined to show morphological properties characteristic of each species or species group. Known species were relegated to the respective groups as many as possible. Spintumix orientalis Turk was transferred to Emballonuria gen. n. The new genus was characterized by its 3 pairs of proteronotal setae, hooked spermadactyl, unique patterns of dorsal cuticle and dorsal shield, large tritosternum, anal shield with anal cribrum, relatively short peritreme and peritremal shield not reaching to the venter, short posterior seta of coxa II, and unique leg pattern. Spinturnix helvutiae Deunff, Keller et Aellen was relegated to a subspecies of Spintumix acuminata (C. L. Koch).}, keywords = {Acari, Africa, Angola, Arachnida, Chiroptera, Congo (Kinshasa), ectoparasites, Emballonuria gen. nov., Ethiopia, hosts, Kenya, Madagascar, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus inflatus, Miniopterus minor, Miniopterus natalensis, Miniopterus schreibersi, parasitism, South Africa, Spinturnicidae, Spinturnix psi, Spinturnix semilunaris, Sudan, Tunisia, Uganda}, author = {Uchikawa, K. and Zhang, M.-Y. and OConnor, B. M. and Klompen, J. S. H.} } @article {4180, title = {Distribution and ecology of bats from far-western Africa}, journal = {Bat Research News}, volume = {35}, number = {4}, year = {1994}, month = {1994b}, pages = {103}, keywords = {biodiversity, Chiroptera, ecology, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, Ghana, Guinea Bissau, habitat preferences, Hipposideros marisae, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mammalia, Myotis tricolor, Pteropodidae, Rhinolophus clivosus, Rhinolophus guineensis, Rhinolophus maclaudi, Rhinolophus simulator, Sierra Leone, species richness, systematics, taxonomy, West Africa, zoogeography}, author = {Koopman, K. F.} } @article {3049, title = {Effects of prolactin and hCG treatment on luteal activity and the conceptus during delayed implantation in Schreibers{\textquoteright} long-fingered bat (Miniopterus schreibersii)}, journal = {J. Reprod. Fert.}, volume = {100}, number = {2}, year = {1994}, month = {1994}, pages = {359-365}, abstract = {In Schreibers{\textquoteright} long-fingered bat (Miniopterus schreibersii) from South Africa, implantation is delayed from May to August during which time the corpus luteum is inactive and plasma progesterone and LH concentrations low. Treatment of pregnant long-fingered bats with exogenous prolactin for 10 days in early delayed implantation (May) resulted in changes in luteal ultrastructure that were consistent with increased steroidogenesis, high plasma progesterone concentrations and the initiation of implantation. Treatment of bats with hCG for 10 days in early delayed implantation induced similar changes in luteal ultrastructure and plasma progesterone concentrations, but did not initiate implantation. Treatment with exogenous progesterone during early delayed implantation had no influence on the corpus luteum or the conceptus. We conclude that prolactin is the most important pituitary hormone in the control of delayed implantation, although the route via which it induces implantation is unknown.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, delayed implantation, development, endocrinology, gonads, hormones, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus schreibersii, ovaries, reproduction, reproductive system, South Africa}, author = {Bernard, R. T. F. and Bojarski, C.} } @book {3657, title = {A Fieldguide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Madagascar. Second Edition Including Mammals and Freshwater Fish}, year = {1994}, month = {1994}, publisher = {M. Vences \& F. Glaw Verlags GbR}, organization = {M. Vences \& F. Glaw Verlags GbR}, address = {K{\"o}ln}, abstract = {Pisces /Atherinidae /Cyprinodontidae /Cichlidae /Eleotridae /Amphibia /Anura /Dendrobatidae /Dendrobates madagascariensis /Hyperoliidae /Heterixalus luteostriatus /H. punctatus /Microhylidae /Anodonthyla /Cophyla /Phrynomantis maculatus /Platypelis /Plethodontohyla /Scaphiophryne brevis /S. madagascariensis /S. pustulosa /Stumpffia /Chonomantis /Laurentomantis /Mantella cowani /M. madagascariensis /M. pulchra /M. viridis /Mantidactylus (Blommersia) argenteus /M. kely /M. liber /Mantidactylus (Chonomantis) /Rana albofrenata /Mantidactylus (Gephyromantis) eiselti /M. thelenae /Mantidactylus (Laurentomantis) /Mantidactylus (Ochthomantis) /Rana femoralis /Mantidactylus (Pandanusicola) /Rhacophorus bicalcaratus / /Mantidactylus (Phylacomantis) corvus /M. pseudoasper /Ranidae /Mantidactylus (Spinomantis) fimbriatus /M. massi /M. peraccae /M. aerumnalis /M. albofrenatus /M. albolineatus /M. ambreensis /M. asper /M. bicalcaratus /M. brevipalmatus /M. cornutus /M. corvus /M. femoralis /M. flavobrunneus /M. granulatus /M. leucomaculatus /M. majori /M. mocquardi /M. opiparis /M. pseudoasper /M. pulcher /M. punctatus /M. redimitus /M. wittei /Ochthomantis /Pandanusicola /Phylacomantis /Rana albofrenata /R. femoralis /Tomopterna labrosa /Rhacophoridae /Boophis albilabris occidentalis /B. albilabris /B. albipunctatus sibilans /B. anceps /B. luteus /B. andreonei /B. ankaratra /B. blommersae /B. burgeri /B. englaenderi /B. isabellinus /B. luteus /B. laurenti /B. luteus /B. luteus septentrionalis /B. marojezensis /B. pauliani /B. sibilans /Rhacophorus bicalcaratus /Mantidactylus (Pandanusicola) /R. luteus /R. luteus longicrus /Reptilia /Testudines /Cryptodira /Chelonioidea /Squamata /Sauria /Chamaeleontidae /Brookesia betschi /B. decaryi /B. minor /B. nasus /B. perarmata /B. stumpffi /B. superciliaris /B. thieli /Calumma brevicornis hilleniusi /Furcifer balteatus /F. bifidus /Cordylidae /Gerrhosauridae /Gekkonidae /Geckolepis /Hemidactylus /Homopholis /Lygodactylus miops /L. septemtuberculatus /Paroedura /Phelsuma guttata /P. laticauda /P. lineata /P. madagascariensis /P. modesta /P. mutabilis /Uroplatus /Iguanidae /Scincidae /Amphiglossus /Androngo /Mabuya /Paracontias /Voeltzkowia /Serpentes /Colubridae /Geodipsas /Ithycyphus /Leioheterodon /Liophidium /Liopholidophis /Madagascarophis /Mimophis madagascariensis /M. mahfalensis madagascariensis /Pararhadinaea /Pseudoxyrhopus /Stenophis /Typhlopidae /Mammalia /Chiroptera}, keywords = {acoustic communication, Africa, Amphibia, Anura, behaviour, biodiversity, Chamaeleonidae, Chiroptera, distribution, ecology, endemic, Faunistik, frog calls, habitat preferences, identification key, Madagascar, Mammalia, morphology, Pisces, Primates, Reptilia, species description, species richness, systematics, taxonomy, Verbreitung, zoogeography}, author = {Glaw, F. and Vences, M.} } @article {3763, title = {First Eocene bat from Australia}, journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology}, volume = {14}, number = {3}, year = {1994}, month = {1994}, pages = {375-381}, abstract = {Remains of a bat, Australonycteris clarkae, gen. et sp. nov., are reported from freshwater clays radiometrically dated at 54.6 million years old in southeastern Queensland, Australia. It is the oldest bat yet recorded for the Southern Hemisphere and one of the world{\textquoteright}s oldest. Previously, the earliest records for bats came from the Northern Hemisphere and were of Sparnacian age in Europe, Wasatchian in North America, and late early Eocene in North Africa. The North American Wyonycteris chalix, originally described as a latest Paleocene bat and as such the world{\textquoteright}s oldest, is re-examined. Its lack of key bat synapomorphies and overall morphology do not support the claim that it is a bat. Early bats probably entered Australia via Asia rather than South America, although their appearance in Australia predates the final breakup of Gondwana. The Australian fossils described here (a lower molar, upper premolar, edentulous dentary fragment, and part of a periotic) may corroborate the hypothesis that modern bat groups evolved from isolated immigrant archaic bats somewhere in the Southern Hemisphere in the early Eocene.}, keywords = {Australia, Australonycteris clarkae gen. \& sp. nov., Chiroptera, Eocene, evolution, fossils, palaeontology}, url = {Hand et al. 1994.pdf http://www.jstor.org/stable/4523576}, author = {Hand, S. J and Novacek, M. and Godthelp, H. and Archer, M.} } @article {4671, title = {Rhinolophus hildebrandti}, journal = {Mammalian Species}, number = {486}, year = {1994}, month = {1994}, pages = {1-3}, keywords = {Africa, behaviour, Chiroptera, distribution, ecology, Flederm{\"a}use, Mammalia, morphology, review, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus hildebrandtii, systematics, taxonomy}, author = {Pearl, D. L.} } @article {4393, title = {The morphology of the intestine of the insectivorous horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus hildebrandti, Peters): A scanning electron and light microscopic study}, journal = {Afr. J. Ecol.}, volume = {32}, number = {2}, year = {1994}, month = {1994}, pages = {158-168}, abstract = {The gastrointestinal tract of the horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus hildebrandti (Peters), was studied macroscopically, with the light microscope and with the scanning electron microscope. Macroscopically, the stomach was of the simple type and the intestine was a short convoluted tube with an almost uniform diameter. A caecum, an appendix and a colon were absent, and the only portion of the large intestine observed was a short rectum which had a distinctly greater diameter than the rest of the intestine. The proximal part of the intestine showed a brief {\textquoteleft}honeycomb{\textquoteright} segment preceding the ridge-like transverse villi that occupied the rest of the foregut. In the region immediately proximal to the rectum the villi joined in a geometrical pattern to form chambers resembling {\textquoteleft}reticular cells{\textquoteright} of the ruminant stomach. The villi were covered with a prominent columnar epithelium occasionally interrupted by goblet cells. Generally, the intestine of Rhinolophus resembles that of the other bats which have been studied, but showed structural details suggestive of an increased surface area.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, digestive tract, East Africa, histology, Kenya, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus hildebrandtii}, url = {Makanya \& Maina 1994.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2028.1994.tb00566.x}, author = {Makanya, A. N. and Maina, J. N.} } @article {3739, title = {A natural focus of Histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii is a bat cave}, journal = {Mycopathologia}, volume = {127}, number = {3}, year = {1994}, month = {1994}, pages = {151-157}, abstract = {The natural reservoir of Histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii, the etiological agent of histoplasmosis duboisii (African histoplasmosis) is not yet known. We report the isolation of H. capsulatum var. duboisii from soil admixed with bat guano and from the intestinal contents of a bat in a sandstone cave in a rural area, Ogbunike in Anambra State of Nigeria. Eight of 45 samples of soil admixed with bat guano yielded H. capsulatum var. duboisii. Of the 35 bats belonging to the species Nycteris hispida and Tadirida pumila examined, only one (N. hispida) yielded this fungus from its intestinal contents. Identification of the isolates asHistoplasma was confirmed by exoantigen tests and by mating with tester strains ofH. capsulatum. In vitro conversion to large yeast from suggestive of H. capsulatum var. duboisii was obtained on brain heart infusion agar supplemented with sheep blood and glutamine or cysteine. Pathogenicity tests with mice for all the isolates confirmed their identity by the demonstration of large yeast forms (8-15 {\textmu}m in diameter) within giant cells in the infected tissues. Investigations on the possible occurrence of human infections in the area are in progress.}, keywords = {[Chaerephon pumilus] Tadarida pumila, caves, Chiroptera, diseases, Histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii, Molossidae, mycology, Nigeria, Nycteridae, Nycteris hispida, West Africa}, url = {Gugnani et al. 1994.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01102915}, author = {Gugnani, H. C. and Muotoe-Okafor, F. A. and Kaufman, L. and Dupont, B.} } @inbook {4464, title = {Nocturnal animals}, booktitle = {DDT in the Tropics: The Impact on Wildlife in Zimbabwe of Ground-Spraying for Tsetse Fly Control}, year = {1994}, month = {1994}, pages = {103-133}, publisher = {Natural Resources Institute (NRI)}, organization = {Natural Resources Institute (NRI)}, chapter = {viii+195}, address = {Chatham, UK}, keywords = {activity, Aves, Caprimulgidae, Carnivora, Chaerephon ansorgei, Chaerephon bivittatus, Chaerephon chapini, Chaerephon nigeriae, Chiroptera, DDT, echolocation, Eptesicus hottentotus, foraging, habitats, harp traps, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros caffer, Hipposideros commersoni [vittatus], Insecta, Kerivoula argentata, lactation, Mammalia, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus schreibersii, mist nets, Molossidae, Neoromicia capensis, Neoromicia melckorum, Neoromicia nana, Neoromicia somalica, Nycteridae, Nycteris thebaica, Nycteris vinsoni, Nycticeinops schlieffenii, organochlorines, pesticides, Pipistrellus anchietae, Pipistrellus kuhlii [hesperidus], Pipistrellus rueppellii, Primates, reproduction, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus blasii, Rhinolophus darlingi, Rhinolophus fumigatus, Rhinolophus hildebrandtii, Rhinolophus landeri, Rhinolophus simulator, Rhinolophus swinnyi, sampling, Scotophilus borbonicus [viridis?], seasonality, Siabuwa, Southern Africa, Tadarida aegyptiaca, Tadarida lobata, Tadarida ventralis, Vegetation, Vespertilionidae, woodlands, Zimbabwe}, url = {http://www.nzdl.org/gsdlmod?e=d-00000-00{\textendash}-off-0hdl{\textendash}00-0{\textendash}{\textendash}0-10-0{\textendash}-0{\textendash}-0direct-10{\textendash}-4{\textendash}{\textendash}{\textendash}-0-1l{\textendash}11-en-50{\textendash}-20-about{\textendash}-00-0-1-00-0-0-11-1-0utfZz-8-00-0-0-11-10-0utfZz-8-10\&cl=CL1.4\&d=HASH0105252b6ef76e7a7cfe2c7e.4.1.6\&hl=0\&gc=0\>=0}, author = {McWilliam, A. N.}, editor = {Douthwaite, R. J. and Tingle, C. C. D.} } @article {3528, title = {Notes sur une petite collection d{\textquoteright}acariens (Acari) parasites r{\'e}colt{\'e}s sur des chiropt{\`e}res de la collection du Mus{\'e}um d{\textquoteright}Histoire Naturelle de Gen{\`e}ve}, journal = {Bull. Soc. Neuch{\^a}t. des Sci. Natur.}, volume = {117}, year = {1994}, month = {1994}, pages = {59-66}, abstract = {A small collection of pilicolous (Acari: Chirodiscidae and Myobiidae) or skin mites (Sarcoptidae), collected from bats deposited in the Museum of natural History of Geneva, is studied. Thirteen species were identified and among them a new genus and species, Eurolabidocarpus helveticus, collected from Myotis daubentoni from Switzerland. Pseudoalabidocarpus secus MacDaniel, 1972 is synonymized with Pseudoalabidocarpus phyllostomi Fain, 1972.}, keywords = {[Mops condylurus] Tadarida condylura, Acari, Africa, Arachnida, Chirodiscidae, Chiroptera, Congo (Brazzaville), Congo (Kinshasa), ectoparasites, Europe, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus schreibersi, Molossidae, Morocco, Myobiidae, Noctilionidae, North America, Pacific, parasitism, Pteropodidae, South America, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Fain, A. and Aellen, V.} } @article {5404, title = {Phylogenetic relationships of vespertilionid genera (Mammalia: Chiroptera) as revealed by karyological analysis}, journal = {Z. zool. Syst. Evolut.-forsch.}, volume = {32}, number = {1}, year = {1994}, month = {1994}, pages = {11-34}, abstract = {Banded karyotypes of 50 species belonging to 23 genera were analyzed. The diploid chromosome numbers ranged from 26 to 50. For karyotypic comparison we used a 44 chromosomes karyotype, consisting of 4 metacentric and 17 acrocentric autosomes, as {\textquotedblleft}basic karyotype{\textquotedblright}. Almost all of its 25 autosomal arms could be identified in each individual karyotype. In 8 chromosomes, i. e. 1/2, 7, 11, 12, 13, 15, 23 and X, small inversions were detected. As a result, each of the chromosomes mentioned occurs in two states which differ slightly in their banding patterns. These were used as character states in the cladistic analysis together with other chromosomal rearrangements.The implications drawn from the cladogram obtained are: The Miniopterinae clearly belong to the Vespertilionidae but are the first to branch off from the common stem. The tribe Myotini should be raised to the rank of a subfamily. Within the largest subfamily Vespertilioninae, one autapomorphic chromosomal character was found for each of the tribes Vespertilionini and Pipistrellini. In addition, both tribes are distinguished from the other Vespertilioninae tribes by two synapomorphic features. These results allow for the first time an unequivocal classification of the systematically difficult {\textquotedblleft}pipistrelloid{\textquotedblright} species. The species of the genus Pipistrellus (sensu Hill and Harrison 1987) are spread over the Pipistrelllni and Vespertilionini. We therefore suggest the splitting of this heterogenous genus into at least four genera. Only the members of the previous subgenus Pipistrellus constitute the genus Pipistrellus and belong to the Pipistrellini. The previous subgenera Hypsugo, Vespadelus and Falsistrellus, given generic rank in some recent studies, belong to the tribe Vespertilionini and are not closely related to Pipistrellus. For the genera Eptesicus and Hesperoptenus, which belong neither to the Vespertilionini nor to the Pipistrellini, the tribe Eptesicini was established. The phylogenetic relations of this tribe and the status of the presumably polyphyletic tribe {\textquotedblleft}Nycticeiini{\textquotedblright} could not be solved.}, keywords = {[Pipistrellus sp. nov.] Hypsugo eisentrauti, Africa, Asia, Burkina Faso, Chiroptera, chromosomes, cytogenetics, Eptesicini, Eptesicus, Falsistrellus, Hesperoptenus, Hypsugo, karyotypes, Malaysia, Miniopteridae, phylogeny, Pipistrellini, Pipistrellus, Rwanda, Scotophilus leucogaster, systematics, taxonomy, Vespadelus, Vespertilionidae, Vespertilionini}, url = {Volleth \& Heller 1994.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0469.1994.tb00467.x}, author = {Volleth, M. and Heller, K.-G.} } @article {3723, title = {Phylogenetic systematics of slit-faced bats (Chiroptera, Nycteridae), based on hyoid and other morphology}, journal = {Am. Mus. Novitates}, number = {3090}, year = {1994}, month = {1994}, pages = {1-17}, abstract = {The hyoid musculature and hyoid apparatus of bats of the family Nycteridae are described and compared with the hyoid morphology of other bat families described elsewhere. Four hyoid and four nonhyoid apomorphic character states are described within the family. All nycterids share the apomorphic hollowing of the rostrum into a basin, covered by a dermal vertical slit ornamented with the distinctive nycterid "noseleaf." All nycterids also possess a distinctive T-shaped terminal caudal vertebra. All nycterids except N. arge share a reduced ceratohyoid insertion and a reduced hypoglossus origin. All nycterids except N. tragata and N. arge share an epihyal that is reduced in length, a smaller lower second premolar, and a loss of the posterior tragus constriction. A cladistic analysis of the data suggests that the African hispida, macrotis, and thebaica groups form a clade. The Asian bats of the javanica group are a sister group to the hispida-macrotis-thebaica clade. Bats of the African arge group are the most basal lineage within the Nycteridae. This analysis supports separating the more primitive nycterids into an arge group and a javanica group rather than combining them in a single group.}, keywords = {Africa, anatomy, Asia, Chiroptera, morphology, Nycteridae, Nycteris arge, Nycteris gambiensis, Nycteris grandis, Nycteris hispida, Nycteris macrotis, Nycteris thebaica, Nycteris tragata, phylogeny}, author = {Griffiths, T. A.} } @article {5317, title = {Progesterone concentrations and contents in the plasma, ovary, adrenal gland and placenta of the pregnant Natal clinging bat Miniopterus schreibersii natalensis}, journal = {J. Zool. (Lond.)}, volume = {232}, number = {4}, year = {1994}, month = {1994}, pages = {457-464}, abstract = {Reproduction in the Natal clinging bat in South Africa at 25{\textdegree}S is characterized by fertilization in April, implantation during July and parturition in November. In the present study plasma progesterone concentrations peaked two months before implantation, this coinciding with significant peaks in ovarian progesterone content and concentration. Plasma progesterone concentrations remained relatively low during and after implantation, but increased significantly during the limb bud stage to peak levels one month before parturition. Adrenal progesterone content and concentration did not follow a specific trend; post-implantation ovarian progesterone content and concentration remained at baseline values. Placental progesterone content increased significantly with foetal weight (age). The present study showed that pregnancy in these bats is characterized by two major sources of progesterone, with the ovary as the primary source before implantation and the placenta the primary source during embryonic and foetal development.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, hormones, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus natalensis, pregnancy, reproduction, South Africa}, author = {Van Aarde, R. J. and van der Merwe, M. and Skinner, D. C.} } @article {3571, title = {Raptors and bats: Threats and opportunities}, journal = {Anim. Behav.}, volume = {48}, number = {1}, year = {1994}, month = {1994}, pages = {9-18}, abstract = {To quantify the opportunity that emerging bats present to raptors and the risks that hunting birds pose to these bats, predator-prey responses were documented by (1) counting emerging bats and recording their emergence patterns and (2) monitoring the presence of raptors and quantifying the incidence of raptor attacks on bats. Hobby falcons, Falco subbuteo, African goshawks, Accipiter tachiro, and Wahlberg{\textquoteright}s eagles, Aquila wahlbergi, succeeded in 51\% of 59 attacks on bats. The attacks occurred in woodlands (two attacks in 10 samples), and as bats emerged from colonies in buildings (three in 39 samples) and bridges (54 in 32 samples). Wahlberg{\textquoteright}s eagles and hobby falcons attacked by stooping at flying bats while African goshawks pursued them in flight. The birds usually took each captured bat to a perch to consume it, achieving handling times (from capture to eating to resumption of hunting) of 30-300 s. The raptors could maximize their use of bats by rapid handling of captures and by hunting at sites where bats were most numerous. This combination of factors meant that bats could form a significant portion of the diet of opportunistic raptors. Flying and emerging bats responded to attacks or potential attacks. For colonies of less than 100 bats, there was no relationship between emergence time and colony size, while bats tended to emerge significantly earlier from colonies of greater than 100 individuals. In all colonies, increasing numbers of bats decreased the risk of raptor attack to any individual. In colonies of less than 100, individuals could decrease their risk of attack by switching roosts, and by adjusting the times and durations of their emergences. Bats emerged earlier from larger colonies despite the increased risk of attack by raptors.}, keywords = {Accipiter tachiro, activity patterns, Aquila wahlbergi, Aves, behaviour, Beutespektrum, Chaerephon pumilus, Chiroptera, day roosts, ecology, Falco subbuteo, foraging, Mammalia, Molossidae, Mops condylurus, Nahrung, Nahrungsspektrum, Nahrungsverteilung, Nahrungswahl, opportunistic feeder, predation pressure, predator avoidance, roosting behaviour, South Africa}, author = {Fenton, M. B. and Rautenbach, I. L. and Smith, S. E. and Swanepoel, C. M. and Grosell, J. and Van Jaarsveld, J.} } @article {4167, title = {Reproduction and sexual dimorphism of the West African fruit bat, Epomops buettikoferi, in Liberia}, journal = {Afr. J. Ecol.}, volume = {32}, number = {4}, year = {1994}, month = {1994}, pages = {308-316}, abstract = {Epomops buettikoferi is a savanna species of fruit bat that has entered the deforested zone in Liberia where it inhabits agricultural areas and secondary forest, but not rain forest. Contrary to the conclusions of Bergmans \& Sowler (1992), the species is in no way vulnerable or endangered because of destruction of the Upper Guinea rain forest. Instead, as the remaining Upper Guinea rain forest is cut, it is predicted that numbers of E. buettikoferi will increase. Sexual dimorphism was observed in the pelvic girdle, which by palpation allowed reliable determination of sex (100\% accurate) of individuals of any age. This was useful in the field for distinguishing immature males, which lack an obvious penis and epaulettes, from females. In central Liberia, female E. buettikoferi have a bimodal reproductive cycle, with two young borne annually about six months apart. The two births occur in February/March (end of dry/beginning of the wet season) and August/September (during heaviest rains in second half of the wet). Parturition is followed by oestrus, with immediate embryonic development and gestation spanning five to six months. Reproduction is timed so that both periods of lactation occur during the wet season.}, keywords = {behaviour, Chiroptera, ecology, Epomops buettikoferi, habitat preferences, Liberia, Mammalia, morphology, Pteropodidae, reproduction, seasonality, sexual dimorphism, Vegetation, West Africa, zoogeography}, author = {Kofron, C. P. and Chapman, A.} } @article {5339, title = {Reproductive biology of the Cape serotine bat, Eptesicus capensis in the Transvaal, South Africa}, journal = {S. Afr. J. Zool.}, volume = {29}, number = {1}, year = {1994}, month = {1994a}, pages = {36-39}, abstract = {The reproductive biology of the Cape serotine bat, Eptesicus capensis, was investigated histologically. The study was based on 67 specimens collected over a six-year period. This species is seasonally monoestrous, normally giving birth to twins during November. Spermatogenesis peaks during autumn (March-May) when masses of spermatozoa are released into the epididymides, and spermatozoa are present in the epididymides from March to October. Copulations are initiated during this period from the end of March to the beginning of April, with the first ovulations occurring during August. During the pre-ovulation period leucocytes are commonly found within the uterine lumen and uterine glands of females.}, keywords = {[Neoromicia] Eptesicus capensis, Chiroptera, copulation, gestation, histology, litter size, reproduction, South Africa, Vespertilionidae}, author = {van der Merwe, M.} } @article {3048, title = {Reproductive synchrony and annual variation in foetal growth rate in the long-fingered bat (Miniopterus schreibersii)}, journal = {J. Zool. (Lond.)}, volume = {232}, number = {3}, year = {1994}, month = {1994}, pages = {485-490}, abstract = {Mating in the long-fingered bat (Miniopterus schreibersii) from the East Cape region of South Africa occurred during a four-week period in April and May, and implantation was delayed until August. Analyses of foetal age and estimated dates of conception indicate that after implantation, the progression of pregnancy within the population was synchronous both within and between years. It is suggested that implantation, probably initiated by increasing day length, occurred at about the same time throughout the population and thus synchronized reproduction. In the final month of pregnancy foetal growth rate and, consequently, the timing of parturition in the three years of the study varied. These variations were correlated with variations in rainfall and it is suggested that the failure of the November rains in 1990 would have caused a reduction in insect abundance and that this was responsible for the decrease in foetal growth rate and the delay in parturition.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, climate, day length, delayed implantation, ecology, Flederm{\"a}use, foraging, growth rate, Mammalia, mating, mating systems, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus schreibersii, reproduction, seasonality, South Africa, synchronization, trigger}, author = {Bernard, R. T. F.} } @article {5321, title = {A revision of the Rhinopomatidae Dobson 1872, with the description of a new subspecies (Mammalia: Chiroptera)}, journal = {Senckenbergiana biol.}, volume = {73}, number = {1-2}, year = {1994}, month = {1994}, pages = {1-24}, abstract = {The bat family Rhinopomatidae Dobson 1872 only contains a single genus: Rhinopoma Geoffroy 1813, which can be subdivided into four species: R. microphyllum (Br{\"u}nnich 1782), R. hardwickei Gray 1831, R. muscatellum Thomas 1903 and R. macinnesi Hayman 1937. This conclusion is based on a biometrical study of 15 skull and 14 external measurements on approximately 1150 specimens. In addition six morphological characters were evaluated. In R. microphyllum four subspecies are retained, whereas only two subspecies are recognized in R. muscatellum and none for R. macinnesi. In addition to the three already known subspecies of R. hardwickei, a new one from the Sunda archipelago is described.}, keywords = {Africa, Arabia, Asia, Chiroptera, Erstbeschreibung, evolution, Flederm{\"a}use, Mammalia, morphology, revision, Rhinopoma hardwickii, Rhinopoma hardwickii sondaicum ssp. nov., Rhinopoma macinnesi, Rhinopoma microphyllum, Rhinopoma muscatellum, Rhinopomatidae, speciation, species richness, Sunda Islands, systematics, taxonomy, zoogeography}, author = {Van Cakenberghe, V. and De Vree, F.} } @article {5340, title = {Schizamniogenesis in the rusty bat, Pipistrellus rusticus}, journal = {S. Afr. J. Zool.}, volume = {29}, number = {3}, year = {1994}, month = {1994b}, pages = {220-223}, abstract = {Rusty bats are seasonally monoestrous, carrying a single foetus in each of the two uterine horns. Implantation is superficial with amniogenesis initiated very early during embryogenesis. Contrary to most other bat species where the amnion is formed by folding, it is formed by cavitation in the rusty bat.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, histology, Pipistrellus rusticus, reproduction, South Africa, Vespertilionidae}, author = {van der Merwe, M.} } @article {4550, title = {The Sisia cave bats of Bamenda, Cameroon}, journal = {Environmental Conservation}, volume = {21}, number = {3}, year = {1994}, month = {1994}, pages = {275}, keywords = {Cameroon, caves, Central Africa, Chiroptera, conservation, day roosts, land use}, url = {Musa 1994.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S037689290003335X}, author = {Musa, J. Y.} } @article {4852, title = {Some observations on the Comoro rousette Rousettus obliviosus on Anjouan (Comoro Islands: Western Indian Ocean)}, journal = {Mammalia}, volume = {58}, number = {3}, year = {1994}, month = {1994}, pages = {397-403}, abstract = {During a capture operation for the endangered fruit bat Pteropus livingstonii in the Comoro Islands (Comores) in 1992, two other fruit bat species were also caught: P. seychellensis comorensis and Rousettus obliviosus. Very little is known about the population biology and ecology of R. obliviosus. Morphometric data for this bat are presented, along with discussion of its feeding ecology and reproductive biology. Although this species appears to be common, R. obliviosus is found in forest habitat, which is rapidly disappearing in the Comores.}, keywords = {Anjouan, Chiroptera, Comoros, conservation, day roosts, ectoparasites, feeding, food, Indian Ocean, morphology, Pteropodidae, Pteropus livingstonii, Pteropus seychellensis comorensis, reproduction, roosting, Rousettus obliviosus}, url = {Reason et al. 1994.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mamm.1994.58.3.397}, author = {Reason, P. F. and Trewhella, W. J. and Davies, J. G. and Wray, S.} } @article {5175, title = {A study of the baculum in the genus Nycteris (Mammalia, Chiroptera, Nycteridae) with consideration of its taxonomic importance}, journal = {Bonn. zool. Beitr.}, volume = {45}, number = {1}, year = {1994}, month = {1994}, pages = {17-31}, abstract = {The bacula of 11 of the 15 species commonly recognised within the genus Nycteris (Cuvier \& E. Geoffroy, 1795) have been examined. The bacula are described and illustrated, and notes on the systematics of the genus, with particular reference to bacular morphology, are included. V. parisii is considered distinct from N. woodi on the basis of bacular morphology. The baculum of N. woodi separates it from the other members of the macrotis group. N. grandis has a particularly distinctive baculum.}, keywords = {Africa, Asia, baculum, Chiroptera, distribution, evolution, Flederm{\"a}use, Mammalia, morphology, Nycteridae, Nycteris parisii, Nycteris woodi, Os penis, phylogeny, species richness, systematics, taxonomy, Verbreitung}, author = {Thomas, N. M. and Harrison, D. L. and Bates, P. J. J.} } @inbook {4181, title = {Systematics}, booktitle = {Mammalia: Chiroptera}, series = {Handbuch der Zoologie}, number = {8, Part 60}, year = {1994}, month = {1994a}, publisher = {Walter de Gruyter}, organization = {Walter de Gruyter}, chapter = {vii + 217}, address = {Berlin, New York}, keywords = {anatomy, biodiversity, Biotopwahl, Chiroptera, ecology, evolution, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, Mammalia, morphology, phylogeny, Pteropodidae, species richness, systematics, taxonomy, zoogeography}, author = {Koopman, K. F.}, editor = {Niethammer, J. and Schliemann, H. and Starck, D.} } @article {3031, title = {Taxonomy and biogeography of African fruit bats (Mammalia, Megachiroptera). 4. The genus Rousettus Gray, 1821}, journal = {Beaufortia}, volume = {44}, number = {4}, year = {1994}, month = {1994}, pages = {79-126}, abstract = {The concept of the genus Rousettus Gray, 1821 as established by Andersen (1912) is revised to accommodate R. madagascariensis Grandidier, 1929, R. obliviosus Kock, 1978 and R. spinalatus Bergmans \& Hill, 1980, and to reflect the following mutations. Following Bergmans et al. (1988), the genus Boneia Jentink, 1879 is treated as a synonym of Rousettus, which adds to that genus the species B. bidens Jentink, 1879. The subgenus Stenonycteris Andersen, 1912 is considered a synonym of Rousettus, and the subgenus Lissonycteris Andersen, 1912 a full genus, to be reviewed in the next part of this series. All African Rousettus species are characterized and their distributions, including many new records, and geographical variation are analyzed. Following Eisentraut (1960), R. egyptiacus (E. Geoffroy-St. Hilaire, 1810) is divided into four, geographically disjunct, subspecies: egyptiacus from southern Egypt northward to and along the Mediterranean coast, including Cyprus, into southern Turkey; leachii (Smith, 1829) from southern Sudan and Ethiopia through East Africa to the Cape; unicolor (Gray, 1870) from northwest Angola to the Mount Cameroun region and from there to Senegal; and the extralimital arabicus Anderson \& De Winton, 1902 from the southern half of the Arabian Peninsula to southern Iran and Pakistan (arabicus records from East Ethiopia are thought to be based on small-skulled leachii). All four subspecies are shown to vary geographically. The differences between arabicus and R. leschenaultii (Desmarest, 1820), which both inhabit Pakistan, are discussed at length. Notwithstanding several recent publications, Rousettus lanosus O. Thomas, 1906 is considered very distinct from Rousettus madagascariensis. Its scattered highland distribution has given rise to appreciable geographic variation. Three rough divisions are described but for the present no subspecies are recognized: East Zaire, adjoining Uganda and (probably) Rwanda; (probably) West Ethiopia, South Sudan, East Uganda and Kenyan highlands; and Northeast Tanzania to Malawi. The Malawi records are the first for that country. Of R. madagascariensis, many new specimens have come to light, and its diagnosis is adapted accordingly. Its association, as a subspecies, with R. lanosus by some recent authors is based on a misinterpretation of its original description and other literature, and rejected as untenable. Its differences from R. obliviosus are described in detail for the first time. Some previously unrecorded specimens of R. obliviosus are reported. It is suggested that sexual dimorphism may be at least partly responsible for the "geographic" variation noted by Kock (1978).}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, Madagascar, Pteropodidae, revision, Rousettus aegyptiacus aegyptiacus, Rousettus aegyptiacus arabicus, Rousettus aegyptiacus leachii, Rousettus aegyptiacus unicolor, Rousettus lanosus, Rousettus madagascariensis, Rousettus obliviosus, systematics, Vegetation, zoogeography}, author = {Bergmans, W.} } @article {3142, title = {Thermal preference of Schreiber{\textquoteright}s long-fingered (Miniopterus schreiberisii) and Cape horseshoe (Rhinolophus capensis) bats}, journal = {Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A}, volume = {107}, number = {3}, year = {1994}, month = {1994}, pages = {439-449}, abstract = {Thermal preference in a temperature gradient was investigated in Schreibers{\textquoteright} long-fingered (Miniopterus schreibersii) and Cape horseshoe (Rhinolophus capensis) bats in relation to their roost temperatures. Both species selected a wide range of temperatures but R. capensis selected a narrower range and most frequently selected temperatures were 2-3{\textdegree}C lower than M. schreibersii. There was some evidence of seasonal changes in temperature preference in M. schreibersii but not in R. capensis. However, euthermic bats of both species consistently selected higher temperatures than those that entered torpor. Roost temperatures were within the range selected for torpor in the laboratory but euthermic bats selected higher temperatures in the laboratory than those available to them in their roost. M. schreibersii has a wide geographical distribution and appears able to adapt its temperature preferences to those prevailing in available roosts. R. capensis is endemic to the Cape Province, South Africa, but its thermal preferences do not appear to be a factor limiting its distribution.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, day roosts, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus schreibersii, physiology, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus capensis, South Africa, thermoregulation}, author = {Brown, C. R. and Bernard, R. T. F.} } @article {4061, title = {An asymmetric dental formula in a mammal, the S{\~a}o Tom{\'e} Island fruit bat Myonycteris brachycephala (Mammalia: Megachiroptera)}, journal = {Can. J. Zool.}, volume = {71}, number = {1}, year = {1993}, month = {1993b}, pages = {221-224}, abstract = {The dental formula in heterodont mammals characteristically shows bilateral symmetry. Its expression is likely to be subject to very stong selective pressures, since it is associated with such basic functions as the acquisition and preparation of food. Here we report the exceptional finding of the first asymmetric dental formula in a heterodont mammal observed in the S{\~a}o Tom{\'e} Island (West Africa) frugivorous bat Myonycteris brachycephala. The asymmetry results from the absence of a lower internal incisor, occurring variably in the right or left mandible. This morphological innovation is possibly related to a developmental instability associated with the colonization by the island species.}, keywords = {Africa, allopatric, asymmetric dental formula, Chiroptera, colonization, endemic, evolution, Gulf of Guinea, island biogeography, Mammalia, morphology, Myonycteris brachycephala, Pteropodidae, S{\~a}o Tom{\'e}, speciation, systematics, taxonomy, theory, zoogeography}, url = {Juste \& Ib{\'a}nez 1993b.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z93-030}, author = {Juste B., J. and Ib{\'a}{\~n}ez, C.} } @book {3580, title = {Bats {\textendash} a Community Perspective}, year = {1993}, month = {1993}, pages = {xii+166 pp.}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, organization = {Cambridge University Press}, address = {Cambridge}, abstract = {The species richness of bats is exceeded among mammals only by the rodents. The systematics, biogeography and anatomy of bats have been widely studied, as have some aspects of their behavior, physiology and ecology. Much of the resulting information suggests that they are long-lived, slowly reproducing animals adapted to relatively stable environments. As such they might be expected to exist in communities heavily influenced by biotic interactions. Do bats, indeed, fulfil this expectation? This book begins with an overview of bat biology as it provides insight into the usefulness of bats as a subject for the community ecologist. Included is a synopsis of bat systematic diversity, and a review of methodological problems in bat research. A sampler of bat communities surveys local bat studies from the major biogeographic regions. The evidence bearing upon resource limitation and competition in bats is reviewed. Then patterns in species richness, taxonomic, trophic and morphological diversity, packing and biomass, and numerical density are described, and the relevance of these patterns in addressing the nature of bat communities is examined. It is seen that areas of major habitats and their histories provide powerful predictors of important aspects of bat community structure.Contents: The study of bat communities / An introduction to bats / Methodology in the study of bats / A sampler of bat communities (Temperate North America / The Palearctic region / Tropical Africa / Indo-Malayan and Australian regions / The Neotropics) / Resource limitation and competition in bat communities (Food / Foraging areas / Roosts / Heat / Water) / Patterns in bat communities (Patterns in species richness: where the bats are / Patterns in taxonomic and trophic diversity: what the bats are doing there / Patterns in morphological diversity: how the bats are built, and what that tells us about their ecology / Patterns in packing: how full is ecomorphological space? / Patterns in biomass and numerical abundance) / Correlates of bat community patterns (Species richness / Community age / Area / History / Packing / Are bat communities saturated?) / Summary and outlook}, keywords = {behaviour, Beuteortung, Beutespektrum, biodiversity, Chiroptera, community ecology, competition, day roosts, diet, echolocation, ecology, energetics, evolution, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, foraging, guilds, habitat preferences, Mammalia, morphology, Nahrung, Pteropodidae, reproduction, review, species richness, theory, Vegetation, zoogeography}, author = {Findley, J. S.} } @article {3540, title = {Beobachtungen und Untersuchungen an S{\"a}ugetieren der Insel S{\~a}o Tom{\'e} (Golf von Guinea) (Mammalia)}, journal = {Faun. Abh. Mus. Tierkd. Dresden}, volume = {19}, number = {1}, year = {1993}, month = {1993}, pages = {21-35}, abstract = {All wild living mammal species evident on Sao Tome, are demonstrated. Remarks on distribution, biology, ecology and morphology are given. There are the following species respectively subspecies: Crocidura thomensis, Eidolon helvum, Rousettus aegyptiacus thomensis subsp. n., Myonycteris brachycephala, Hipposideros commersoni thomensis, Hipposideros ruber, Miniopterus minor, Cercopithecus mona, Sus scrofa (forma domestica), Canis lupus (forma domestica), Mustela nivalis, Civettictis civetta, Rattus rattus, Rattus norvegicus and Mus musculus (?).}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, Crocidura thomensis, diet, ecology, Eidolon helvum, endemic, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, Gulf of Guinea, habitat preferences, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros commersoni thomensis [H. thomensis], Hipposideros ruber guineensis, island biogeography, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus minor newtoni [M. newtoni], Myonycteris brachycephala, Nahrung, Pteropodidae, Rousettus aegyptiacus thomensis ssp. nov. [tomensis], Soricidae, species richness, systematics, taxonomy}, author = {Feiler, A. and Haft, J. and Widmann, P.} } @inbook {3737, title = {Best{\"a}ubung der Fabaceae Mucuna flagellipes durch Flughunde in Kamerun}, booktitle = {Animal-Plant Interactions in Tropical Environments}, year = {1993}, month = {1993}, pages = {29-39}, publisher = {Zool. Forschungsinst. Museum A. Koenig}, organization = {Zool. Forschungsinst. Museum A. Koenig}, address = {Bonn}, keywords = {activity patterns, animal-plant-interactions, Anthocleista, behaviour, Cameroon, Central Africa, Chiroptera, diet, ecology, feeding habits, flowers, food distribution, foraging, Megaloglossus woermanni, morphology, Mucuna flagellipes, Myonycteris torquata, Nahrung, Nahrungsspektrum, Nahrungswahl, nectarivory, pollen, pollination, Pteropodidae, Vegetation}, author = {Gr{\"u}nmeier, R.}, editor = {Barthlott, W. and Naumann, C. M. and Schmidt-Loske, K. and Schuchmann, K.-L.} } @article {3236, title = {Capturing free-tailed bats (Chiroptera: Molossidae): The description of a new trapping device}, journal = {J. Zool. (Lond.)}, volume = {231}, number = {4}, year = {1993}, month = {1993a}, pages = {645-651}, abstract = {This paper reviews methods suitable for the capture of African free-tailed bats. The most successful approach is to trap molossids as they leave their daylight roosts. Traps constructed from polythene sheeting on an aluminium frame are most suitable. This design permits flexibility: traps can be easily constructed and rapidly adapted to different situations. The construction and operation of a new mobile trap is described in detail. The effectiveness of this technique for capturing some Tadarida species from their inaccessible roosts is discussed and compared with conventional methods.}, keywords = {Africa, capture device, Chaerephon ansorgei, Chiroptera, day roosts, Flederm{\"a}use, Molossidae, roosting behaviour, Tadarida fulminans, trap}, author = {Cotterill, F. P. D. and Fergusson, R. A.} } @article {5131, title = {Comparative ultrastructural morphometric analysis of atrial specific granules in the bat, mouse, and rat}, journal = {Anatomical Record}, volume = {235}, number = {1}, year = {1993}, month = {1993}, pages = {87-94}, abstract = {Size, incidence, and volume density of atrial specific granules (ASG) in right atrial cells from five animals each of the rat (average weight 210 g), mouse (average weight 28 g), fruit-eating bat Megaloglossus woermanni (BMW;average weight 35 g), and the insect-eating bat Pipistrellus pipistrellus (BPP; average weight 6 g) have been compared via ultrastructural morphometry. In all three parameters of granule measurement, significantly higher figures were obtained in the rodents than in the bats. However, between the rat and the mouse, as also between the two species of bats, no significant differences were noted in any of the measurements. These results therefore do not support the prevalent view that the number and size of the granules decrease with increase in size of the animal species. The low content of ASG in atrial cells of the bats is probably an indication of low demand for the natriuretic hormone of the granule, because, in such animals, and particularly in flight, conservation of fluid and electrolytes is of paramount importance. This suggests that granule content is adapted to fluid and electrolyte regulation in relation to the functional capacity of the animal. We also observed ASG-like structures in endothelial cells of capillaries of bat tissue but not in rodents. The function of these granules or whether or not they represent atrial specific ones is not clear from the present study.}, keywords = {anatomy, atrial cells, Chiroptera, Ghana, Mammalia, Megaloglossus woermanni, Pipistrellus pipistrellus, Pteropodidae, Rodentia, Vespertilionidae, West Africa}, url = {Tagoe et al. 1993.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092350109}, author = {Tagoe, C. N. B. and Ayettey, A. S. and Yates, R. D.} } @article {4144, title = {Die Fledermausfliegen der Insel S{\~a}o Tom{\'e} (Golf von Guinea): Taxonomie, Wirtsbindung und Zoogeographie (Insecta: Diptera: Nycteribiidae et Streblidae)}, journal = {Faun. Abh. Mus. Tierkd. Dresden}, volume = {19}, number = {10}, year = {1993}, month = {1993}, pages = {89-97}, abstract = {The fauna of bat-flies on S{\~a}o Tom{\'e} is studied based on recently collected material. The only previously well documented Cyclopodia greeffi has not been obtained, but is recorded for the first time from Pa Galu (Anno Bon) taken from Eidolon helvum. - Eucampsipoda iterfacta n. sp. is described from Rousettus aegyptiacus thomensis on S{\~a}o Tom{\'e}. - Nycteribia schmidlii scotti is confirmed as parasitizing Miniopterus minor newtoni. - Penicillidia principis until present only known from Pr{\'{\i}ncipe Island is added to the S{\~a}o Tom{\'e} fauna (host species Hipposideros ruber guineensis) and described as P. principis nudipleura n. subsp. - The family Streblidae is recorded for the first time from the archipelago in the Gulf of Guinea, based on Ascodipteron africanum encysted in Miniopterus minor newtoni. - Host species taxonomy is briefly compared with the batflies respectively associated.}, keywords = {Africa, Annob{\'o}n, Ascodipteron africanum, Bioko, Chiroptera, Cyclopodia greeffi, Diptera, ectoparasites, endemic, Eucampsipoda iterfacta sp. nov., evolution, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, Gulf of Guinea, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros fuliginosus, Hipposideros ruber guineensis, Insecta, island biogeography, Lissonycteris angolensis, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus inflatus, Miniopterus natalensis, Miniopterus newtoni, Miniopterus schreibersii, Nycteribia schmidlii scotti, Nycteribiidae, parasitism, Penicillidia principis nudipleura ssp. nov., Pr{\'{\i}ncipe, Pteropodidae, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus, Rousettus aegyptiacus thomensis [tomensis], Rousettus obliviosus, S{\~a}o Tom{\'e}, species richness, Streblidae, systematics, taxonomy, zoogeography}, author = {Kock, D.} } @article {4041, title = {Echolocation, flight morphology and foraging strategies of some West African hipposiderid bats}, journal = {J. Zool. (Lond.)}, volume = {230}, number = {3}, year = {1993}, month = {1993}, pages = {385-400}, abstract = {We studied echolocation call structure, flight morphology and feeding behaviour of three hipposiderid bats (Asellia tridens, Hipposideros caffer and H. ruber: Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) in The Gambia during the wet season (July-August). All three species emitted brief (CF/FM) echolocation cells. In A. tridens CF (constant frequency) frequencies between 108 and 122 kHz were recorded. This variation was caused mainly by sex and age difference in call frequencies: juveniles used lower frequencies than did adults, and males were lower in frequency than females. Among adults, CF frequency was related to forearm length in a polynomial manner. Asellia tridens is unusual for a microchiropteran in that males are larger than females: nevertheless this species follows the typical trend for bats using CF components in their calls in the that males call at lower frequencies than do females. The spread in frequencies noted for A. tridens in group flight was not caused primarily by individuals shifting their frequencies when flying in a group compared with when flying alone. Three bats were flown separately and then together in a small room. The hypothesis that bats shift emitted frequencies in group flight to minimize confusing their own echoes with those from conspecific was not supported. Rather, we suggest each bat has a personal CF frequency determined by sex, age and size, and that the variation created by these factors reduces confusion with other bats{\textquoteright} echoes during group flight. Bats of the genus Hipposideros were separated into two groups by discriminant analysis on flight morphology. The two groups showed little overlap of CF frequencies used in echolocation. Bats identified as H. ruber called with CF resting frequencies between 121 and 136 k Hz, while H. caffer used 128-153 kHz. Our results support the classification of these bats into two sibling species. We compared the flight performance of A. tridens and H. ruber by flying bats through obstacle courses: H. ruber had a lower wing loading and was able to negotiate more complex arrays of obstacles than could A. tridens. In the wild, H. ruber fed in more cluttered situations than did A. tridens. Both species were feeding mainly on Coleoptera during the study period, and in H. ruber individuals with higher aspect ratios and longer wingspans tended to eat more moths than did bats with broader and shorter wings.}, keywords = {Asellia tridens, behaviour, Chiroptera, communities, competition, diet, echolocation, ecology, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, foraging, Gambia, habitat preferences, Hangpl{\"a}tze, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros caffer, Hipposideros ruber, Mammalia, morphology, Nahrung, roosting behaviour, species richness, sympatric, systematics, taxonomy, Vegetation, West Africa}, author = {Jones, G. and Morton, M. and Hughes, P. M. and Budden, R. M.} } @article {2888, title = {Effect of water restriction on energy and water balance and osmoregulation of the fruit bat Rousettus aegyptiacus}, journal = {J. Comp. Physiol. B}, volume = {163}, number = {5}, year = {1993}, month = {1993}, pages = {401-405}, abstract = {The energy budget, water balance and osmoregulation of the fruit bat, Rousettus aegyptiacus, were studied during normal hydration and during water restriction (oven-dried apple diet). The water input and output were balanced during both normal hydration and water restriction. The kidney of the fruit bat is well adapted to handle the water load from its fruit diet by excreting large volumes (14\% of the body mass per day) of dilute urine (113{\textpm}25 mosmol{\textperiodcentered}kg H2P-1) as well as reducing urine volume (-95\%) and increasing urine osmotic concentration (555{\textpm}280 mosmol{\textperiodcentered}kg H2O-1) during water restriction. The haematocrit, plasma haemoglobin and total protein concentrations did not increase during water restriction and heat exposure, suggesting the conservation of plasma volume. Gross energy intake was not alfected by water restriction. However, digested energy intake and digestibility were significantly reduced. The effective regulation of energy and water budgets during water restriction suggests that the fruit bat can cope with seasonal climatic changes and with variable fruit supply during various seasons.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, energetics, Israel, Near East, osmoregulation, physiology, Pteropodidae, Rousettus aegyptiacus, water balance}, url = {Arad \& Korine 1993.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265645}, author = {Arad, Z. and Korine, C.} } @article {4185, title = {Effect of water restriction on temperature regulation of the fruit-bat Rousettus aegyptiacus}, journal = {Journal of Thermal Biology}, volume = {18}, number = {2}, year = {1993}, month = {1993}, pages = {61-69}, abstract = {1. The thermoregulatory responses of the fruit-bat, Rousettus aegyptiacus, the only fruit-bat out of 32 bat species in Israel, were studied over a wide range of ambient temperature during normal hydration and during water restriction.2. The thermoneutral zone of the normally-hydrated fruit-bat ranged between 31-36{\textdegree}C. Oxygen consumption in this range averaged 0.95 {\textpm} 0.15 mlg-1h-1.3. Evaporative water loss and respiration frequency during normal hydration incrased as power functions of ambient temperature and were significantly correlated (P < 0.02). The normally-hydrated, heat exposed fruit-bat effectively regulated its body temperature and dissipated the total metabolic heat production by evaporative cooling.4. In bats fed on oven-dried apples (water restriction), body mass decreased by 20.72 {\textpm} 2.78\%. Oxygen consumption between 32-36{\textdegree}C increased significantly and body temperature was relatively high. Evaporative water loss decreased sinificantly, except at 36{\textdegree}C where evaporative water loss was not significantly different from that during normal hydration, suggesting the preference for body temprature regulation at the cost of increased water loss. At this ambient temperature, dry thermal conductance increased significantly compared to normal hydration, facilitating non-evaporative heat loss.5. We conclude that the Israeli population of Rousettus aegyptiacus is adapted to the relatively warm climate and can cope with a decreased water content in its exclusive fruit diet and effectively regulate its body temperature and metabolic rate.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, frugivory, Israel, Near East, physiology, Pteropodidae, Rousettus aegyptiacus, temperature, thermoregulation, water restriction}, url = {Korine \& Arad 1993.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-4565(93)90018-O}, author = {Korine, C. and Arad, Z.} } @article {4035, title = {Filovirus activity among selected ethnic groups inhabiting the tropical forest of equatorial Africa}, journal = {Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg.}, volume = {87}, number = {5}, year = {1993}, month = {1993}, pages = {536-538}, abstract = {Seroepidemiological surveys were conducted to determine the frequency and distribution of filovirus activity among selected ethnic groups inhabiting the tropical forests of the Central African Republic. 427 serum specimens were collected from hunter-gatherers and subsistence farmers living in forest environs in the Lobaye District south of the river Lobaye and west of the river Oubangui. Striking serological evidence for filovirus activity was found in both populations. Ebola virus appears to be the most active filovirus; 17.6\% (75/427) of the Lobaye survey population were seropositive for Ebola virus reactive antibody while 1.2\% (5/427) were seroreactive with Marburg viral antigens. Ethnic background appeared to be an important risk factor influencing filovirus exposure in the forest communities. The filovirus antibody prevalence among 21-40 years old male Aka Pygmy hunter-gatherers was significantly (P = 0.03) 3 times higher (37.5\%) than that in similarly aged male Monzombo and Mbati subsistence farmers (13.2\%). Continued epidemiological investigations are needed to define ethnic-related events influencing human filovirus activity in the Congo basin of equatorial Africa.}, keywords = {bushmeat, Central Africa, Central African Republic, Chiroptera, Ebola, epidemiology, Filoviridae, hunter-gatherer, hunting, Mammalia, Marburg, prevalence, Pteropodidae, serology, virology}, url = {Johnson et al. 1993.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(93)90077-4}, author = {Johnson, E. D. and Gonzalez, J. P. and Georges, A.} } @article {3679, title = {The food habits of the barn owl Tyto alba at three sites on Madagascar}, journal = {Ostrich}, volume = {64}, number = {4}, year = {1993}, month = {1993b}, pages = {160-171}, abstract = {Regurgitated food remains of the barn owl Tyto alba were collected within the rain forest of the Eastem Region of Madaascar (Andasibe and Manombo) and in the sub-arid thorn scrub of the Western Region (Beza Mahafaly). The material from Andasibe and Manombo represent single point samples, while 24 samples were collected from Beza Mahafaly between November 1990 and November 1991. A minimum of 176 individual vertebrates, representing 18 taxa, was identified from the Andasibe sample, and a minimum of 90 individual vertebrates of 5 taxa from the Manombo sample. The Beza Mahafaly samples included a minimum of 1013 individual vertebrates of 22 taxa. At all three sites introduced rodents made up the bulk of the prey by number and by biomass, but at Beza Mahafaly lemurs and amphibia were also significant prey items. Insects constituted a small proportion of the prey. The results from these sites are compared with records of barn owl prey from mainland Africa.}, keywords = {[Mormopterus] Tadarida jugularis, Africa, Amphibia, Aves, Chiroptera, diet, Emballonuridae, food, Insecta, Madagascar, Mammalia, Molossidae, Mops midas, predation, Primates, Reptilia, Rodentia, Soricidae, Strigiformes, Taphozous mauritianus, Tyto alba}, url = {Goodman et al. 1993b.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00306525.1993.9632655}, author = {Goodman, S. M. and Langrand, O. and Raxworthy, C. J.} } @article {3680, title = {Food habits of the Madagascar long-eared owl Asio madagascariensis in two habitats in southern Madagascar}, journal = {Ostrich}, volume = {64}, number = {2}, year = {1993}, month = {1993a}, pages = {79-85}, abstract = {Food remains recovered from regurgitated pellets of the Madagascar long-eared owl Asio madagascariensis were collected at two sites on Madagascar with different habitats and weather regimes. The localities are Beza Mahafaly, a sub-arid thorn scrub area in the southwest, and Bezavona Forest, a lower montane rain forest in southeastern Madagascar. At Beza Mahafaly prey composition varied according to season. Vertebrate prey included: frogs, lizards, birds, terrestrial insectivores, bats, lemurs and rodents. The total biomass of lemurs (Microcebus) represented varies from approximately 8 to 40\%. Two samples from the Bezavona Forest included: frogs, geckos, birds, bats, lemurs and rodents. Lemurs (Microcebus and either Hapalemur or Avahi) made up a total biomass of 24 \% at this locality. At both sites a significant proportion of the diet is composed of introduced rodents.}, keywords = {[Mormopterus] Tadarida jugularis, Africa, Amphibia, Asio madagascariensis, Aves, Chiroptera, diet, food, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros commersonii, Madagascar, Mammalia, Molossidae, predation, Primates, Reptilia, Rodentia, Strigiformes}, url = {Goodman et al. 1993a.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00306525.1993.9634209}, author = {Goodman, S. M. and Langrand, O. and Raxworthy, C. J.} } @article {4060, title = {Geographic variation and taxonomy of Rousettus aegyptiacus (Mammalia: Megachiroptera) in the islands of the Gulf of Guinea}, journal = {Zool. J. Linn. Soc.}, volume = {107}, number = {2}, year = {1993}, month = {1993c}, pages = {117-129}, abstract = {The systematic status of the Rousettus aegyptiacus populations of the oceanic islands of Pr{\'{\i}ncipe and S{\~a}o Tom{\'e} in the Gulf of Guinea (West Africa) is examined. These populations present noticeable phenetic differences between themselves as well as among the R. a. unicolor populations of Gulf of Guinea continental coast and those of Bioco island. The differences found justify the description of new subspecies on the two islands. In spite of the differences among the insular subspecies, these share some features that, at least partially, suggest the existence of a common evolutionary history.}, keywords = {Africa, allopatric, Chiroptera, endemic, evolution, Faunistik, Gulf of Guinea, island biogeography, morphology, Pr{\'{\i}ncipe, Pteropodidae, Rousettus aegyptiacus princeps ssp. nov., Rousettus aegyptiacus tomensis ssp. nov., Rousettus aegyptiacus unicolor, S{\~a}o Tom{\'e}, speciation, species richness, sympatric, systematics, taxonomy}, url = {Juste \& Ib{\'a}nez 1993c.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1993.tb00217.x}, author = {Juste B., J. and Ib{\'a}{\~n}ez, C.} } @article {5308, title = {Bewsiella Domrow (Acarina: Mesostigmata): A revision and the description of new species}, journal = {Systematic Parasitology}, volume = {24}, number = {2}, year = {1993}, month = {1993a}, pages = {81-97}, abstract = {The genus Bewsiella is considered to comprise a considerable number of species, despite having been regarded as monotypic. The structure of the male spermadactyl is proposed as a key character for separating congeneric species. This character seems likely to bear phylogenetic information on both the mites themselves and their hosts. Since the male of Bewsiella fledermaus Domrow, the type-species, has not been found, it is impossible to define the morphology of this species based on both sexes. Consequently, all mites that share many characters with the female of B. fledermaus are placed in a B. fledermaus species group. B. aelleni (Till) is considered as a valid species and both sexes and the protonymph are redescribed and illustrated. B. nycteris n. sp., B. emballonuris n. sp., B. cloeotis n. sp., B. haradai n. sp. and B. coelopos n. sp. are described and illustrated. The genus Bewsiella was originally allocated to the family Laelapidae and later transferred to the family Macronyssidae. Recently, the genus was returned to the Laelapidae, and some evidence supporting this action was obtained during the present study, but further studies are required for confirmation.}, keywords = {Acari, Africa, Arachnida, Aselliscus stoliczkanus, Aselliscus tricuspidatus, Asia, Australia, Bewsiella aelleni, Bewsiella cloeotis sp. nov., Chiroptera, Cloeotis percivali australis, Coelops frithi, Congo (Brazzaville), Congo (Kinshasa), ectoparasites, Emballonura rivalis [alecto], Emballonuridae, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros ater, Hipposideros bicolor, Hipposideros calcaratus, Hipposideros diadema, Hipposideros galeritus, Hipposideros obscurus, Hipposideros semoni, host-parasite coevolution, identification key, Mammalia, Mesostigmata, Nycteridae, Nycteris hispida, Nycteris thebaica capensis, Nycteris tragata, Pacific, parasitism, South Africa, taxonomy}, url = {Uchikawa 1993a.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00009594}, author = {Uchikawa, K.} } @article {4547, title = {Isolation of Lecythophora mutabilis and Wangiella dermatitidis from the fruit eating bat Eidolon helvum}, journal = {Mycopathologia}, volume = {122}, number = {2}, year = {1993}, month = {1993}, pages = {95-100}, abstract = {Lecythophora mutabilis was isolated from the lungs of 3 and from the liver of 2 bats, Eidolon helvum a fruit eating species. Wangiella dermatitidis was recovered from the liver of 2 bats of the same species. The isolates were pathogenic for laboratory mice when injected by subcutaneous, intraperitoneal and intravenous routes. W. dermatitidis was neurotropic in the mice injected intravenously.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Eidolon helvum, Nigeria, parasitism, Pteropodidae, West Africa}, author = {Muotoe-Okafor, F. A. and Gugnani, H. C.} } @article {4830, title = {Karyotypic data and attendant systematic implications for the bats of southern Africa}, journal = {Koedoe}, volume = {36}, number = {2}, year = {1993}, month = {1993}, pages = {87-104}, abstract = {The standard karyotypic properties of 60 of the 73 species of bats known to occur in southern Africa, are reviewed. The karyotypes of 23 microchiropteran species are described for the first time; our results on a further 14 species are compared with earlier reports for those taxa. The previously published chromosomal information pertaining to 23 species for which we had no information, are cited. Systematic implications of observed patterns of karyotypic variation are briefly discussed. In particular, we conclude that the taxon Cistugo (currently recognised as a subgenus of Myotis) should be afforded full generic rank; hypothesise that the karyotypes of the two species - M. (C.) seabrai and M. (C.) lesueuri - in Cistugo are probably ancestral for all vespertilionids; and question the wisdom of redefining the taxonomic limits of the genera Eptesicus and Pipistrellus until molecular data are available to resolve the dilemma posed by conflicting morphological and cytogenetic data suites.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, chromosomes, Cistugidae, Cistugo lesueuri, Cistugo seabrae, distribution, evolution, Flederm{\"a}use, genetics, karyotypes, Mammalia, South Africa, speciation, species richness, systematics, taxonomy, Verbreitung, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Rautenbach, I. L. and Bronner, G. N. and Schlitter, D. A.} } @article {3822, title = {A less-than-annual breeding cycle in a pair of African bat hawks Macheiramphus alcinus}, journal = {Ibis}, volume = {135}, number = {4}, year = {1993}, month = {1993}, pages = {456-458}, abstract = {An urban-nesting pair of African bat hawks Machaeramphus alcinus in Zimbabwe laid regularly every 10-11 months over six breeding seasons, with the egg being laid at least 1 month earlier each successive year. This less-than-annual cycle was probably due to a stable and regular food supply of insectivorous bats that were attracted to lights when feeding and could be caught all night at all times of the year. Therefore, the bat hawks could breed as often as their body condition allowed.This cycle differs from the known situation in rural bat hawks which lay annually mainly during September and October. These probably take advantage of easily-caught pregnant female bats in September/October in order to attain breeding condition, whereas fledgling bat hawks take advantage of recently independent but naive juvenile bats in January/February. The relative dearth of bats in rural areas outside this period may account for the regular annual breeding of bat hawks at the time of greatest prey availability.}, keywords = {Aves, breeding, Chiroptera, Falconiformes, Macheiramphus alcinus, reproduction, seasonality, Southern Africa, Zimbabwe}, url = {Hartley \& Hustler 1993.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1993.tb02119.x}, author = {Hartley, R. R. and Hustler, K.} } @article {3904, title = {Long-fingered bats of the genus Miniopterus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Madagascar}, journal = {Mammalia}, volume = {57}, number = {3}, year = {1993}, month = {1993}, pages = {401-405}, abstract = {This paper reports and reviews bats of the genus Miniopterus from Madagascar. Further specimens of M. minor manavi and M. schreibersii majori are discussed and measured, and earlier informal records of M. fraterculus and M. inflatus are substantiated.}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, Madagascar, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus fraterculus, Miniopterus inflatus, Miniopterus majori, Miniopterus manavi, systematics, taxonomy}, author = {Hill, J. Edwards} } @article {5309, title = {A new classification for the subgenera of the genus Acanthophthirius Perkins, with descriptions of twelve new taxa (Acarina, Trombidiformes, Myobiidae)}, journal = {Systematic Parasitology}, volume = {25}, number = {2}, year = {1993}, month = {1993}, pages = {81-108}, abstract = {The myobiid genus Acanthophthirius Perkins, to date comprising four subgenera, is reviewed and divided into just two subgenera, the nominate subgenus and Myotimyobia Fain. The male genital shield and female opisthogastric sclerites, which are here considered to be part of female genitalia, are adopted as the criteria for dividing the subgenera. These structures are essentially the same in form and position in the subgenus Acanthopthirius in its revised sense, while they are both more heterogeneous in species of the redefined subgenus Myotimyobia. The subgenera Acanthophthirius Fain and Chiromyobia Fain are thought to represent species-groups in the nominate subgenus, named respectively the etheldredae and miniopteri groups. The following one new subspecies and 11 new species are described: A. (A.) womersleyi eptesicus, A. (A.) glauconycteris, A. (A.) mauritaniensis, A. (A.) philetoris, A. (A.) otonycteris, A. (A.) steatocaudatus, A. (A.) nyctophilis, A. (M.) vagus, A. (M.) longus, A. (M.) baueris, A. (A.) hesperopteris (female only) and A. (M.) pixonixeos (female only). A. (M.) hanensis is synonymised with A. (M.) namurensis, and A. (M.) capacini is emended to A. (M.) capaccinii and relegated to a subspecies of A. (M.) myotis. All the known and new species are assigned to their respective subgenera and shown in a table. Incongruent host-relationships of some of the mites are clarified, although not completely solved, by the introduction of the new classification for the subgenera.}, keywords = {[Myotis] Pizonyx vivesi, [Vespadelus caurinus] Eptesicus pumilus caurinus, Acanthophthirius glauconycteris sp. nov., Acanthophthirius mauritaniensis sp. nov., Acari, Africa, Antrozous dubiaquercus, Arachnida, Asia, Australia, Central America, Chiroptera, ectoparasites, Glauconycteris poensis, Hesperoptenus tickelli, host-parasite coevolution, Lasionycteris noctivagans, Mammalia, Mauritania, Myobiidae, Myotis longipes, North America, Nycticeinops schlieffenii, Nyctophilus macrotis, Otonycteris hemprichii, Pacific, parasitism, Philetor brachypterus, Rhogeessa tumida, Tanzania, taxonomy, Vespertilionidae}, url = {Uchikawa \& Baker 1993.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00009979}, author = {Uchikawa, K. and Baker, A.} } @article {4062, title = {A new Tadarida of the subgenus Chaerephon (Chiroptera: Molossidae) from S{\~a}o Tom{\'e} Island, Gulf of Guinea (West Africa)}, journal = {J. Mamm.}, volume = {74}, number = {4}, year = {1993}, month = {1993a}, pages = {901-907}, abstract = {We describe a population of the genus Tadarida (Molossidae) from S{\~a}o Tom{\'e} Island (Gulf of Guinea, West Africa), as a new species based on cranial and interaural-membrane morphology shown in three specimens. These features are shared only with T. (Chaerephon) gallagheri from Zaire and, in part, with T. (C.) johorensis from the Malayan Peninsula, two species that appear to be the closest allies. The families Molossidae (the new species and T. (C.) pumila) and Emballonuridae (Taphozous mauritianus) are recorded for the first time, for the island of S{\~a}o Tom{\'e}.}, keywords = {Africa, Chaerephon gallagheri, Chaerephon johorensis, Chaerephon pumilus, Chaerephon tomensis sp. nov., Chiroptera, Congo (Kinshasa), Emballonuridae, endemic, evolution, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, Gulf of Guinea, island biogeography, Malaysia, Mammalia, Molossidae, S{\~a}o Tom{\'e}, speciation, species richness, sympatric, systematics, Taphozous mauritianus, taxonomy, zoogeography}, author = {Juste B., J. and Ib{\'a}{\~n}ez, C.} } @article {3401, title = {Notes on a collection of small mammals from the Ethiopian Rift Valley}, journal = {Mammalia}, volume = {57}, number = {2}, year = {1993}, month = {1993}, pages = {278-282}, keywords = {[Neoromicia] Pipistrellus tenuipinnis, biodiversity, Cardioderma cor, Chiroptera, Crocidura phaeura, Dendromus melanotis, Ethiopia, Faunistik, Grammomys dolichurus, habitat preferences, Hipposideridae, Mammalia, Megadermatidae, morphology, Northeast Africa, Rodentia, Scotoecus hindei [hirundo], Scotophilus dinganii, Soricomorpha, species richness, systematics, Tatera nigricauda, taxonomy, Triaenops persicus [afer], Vespertilionidae, zoogeography}, url = {Duckworth et al. 1993.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mamm.1993.57.2.273}, author = {Duckworth, J. W. and Harrison, D. L. and Timmins, R. J.} } @article {2753, title = {Nouvelles donn{\'e}es sur le genre Myopterus. Le statut de Myopterus daubentonii Desmarest, 1820 (Chiroptera: Molossidae)}, journal = {Rev. suisse Zool.}, volume = {100}, number = {2}, year = {1993}, month = {1993}, pages = {317-326}, abstract = {Five specimens of Myopterus, caught in Senegal in 1973, allow to clarify the taxonomical status of Myopterus daubentonii Desmarest, 1820 (Chiroptera: Molossidae). A neotype is designated, housed in the Museum national d{\textquoteright}Histoire naturelle (MNHN), in Paris. Relationships between the so-called M. daubentonii, M. albatus and M. whitleyi are discussed; it is suggested that M. albatus might be a mere subspecies of M. daubentonii. New localities are given - or even resurrected - for this rare and poorly known genus: i.e. Gabon and Uganda (M. whitleyi), Central African Republic (M. daubentonii albatus).}, keywords = {Africa, Central African Republic, Chiroptera, C{\^o}te d{\textquoteright}Ivoire, ecology, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, Gabon, Ivory Coast, Mammalia, Molossidae, morphology, Myopterus albatus, Myopterus daubentonii, Myopterus whitleyi, Senegal, systematics, taxonomy, Uganda}, author = {Adam, F. and Aellen, V. and Tranier, M.} } @inbook {4179, title = {Order Chiroptera}, booktitle = {Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference}, year = {1993}, month = {1993b}, pages = {137-241}, publisher = {Smithsonian Institution Press}, organization = {Smithsonian Institution Press}, edition = {2nd ed.}, chapter = {xviii + 1206}, address = {Washington, D.C.}, keywords = {biodiversity, biogeography, Chiroptera, distribution, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, Mammalia, Pteropodidae, species richness, systematics, taxonomy, zoogeography}, author = {Koopman, K. F.}, editor = {Wilson, D. E. and Reeder, D. M.} } @article {4624, title = {Rabies and bats in a rabies-endemic area of southern Africa: Application of two commercial test kits for antigen and antibody detection}, journal = {Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res.}, volume = {60}, number = {3}, year = {1993}, month = {1993}, pages = {257-260}, abstract = {In southern Africa, isolates of rabies-related viruses (i.e. Duvenhage virus and Lagos bat virus) have been made from insectivorous and frugivorous bats. As no recent formal bat virus survey has been reported in southern Africa, a survey of bats in rabies-endemic areas was undertaken. Five hundred and forty-seven bats (13 species) were collected from 21 localities in the Orange Free State, Lesotho and the northern Cape Province. None of the 190 bat sera tested using the "Trousse Platelia Rage" ELISA kit (Diagnostic Pasteur), had antibodies to rabies virus glycoprotein G. Rabies virus nucleocapsid antigen was also sought for in the brains of 530 bats (13 species) by means of the "Rapid rabies enzyme immunodiagnosis" (RREID) test (Diagnostics Pasteur). No positive results were obtained. These results show that bats are unlikely to play an important role as hosts of rabies in these parts of Africa, although a low rate of infection cannot be excluded.}, keywords = {[Cistugo lesueuri] Myotis leasuri, [Neoromicia] Eptesicus capensis, Chiroptera, Cistugidae, Eptesicus hottentotus, infectiology, Laephotis wintoni, lyssaviruses, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus schreibersii, Molossidae, Myotis tricolor, Nycteridae, Nycteris thebaica, Pipistrellus kuhlii [hesperidus], Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus clivosus, Rhinolophus darlingi, Rhinolophus denti, Sauromys petrophilus, South Africa, Tadarida aegyptiaca, Vespertilionidae, virology}, author = {Oelofsen, M. J. and Smith, M. S.} } @article {3663, title = {A reconnaissance of Ile Sainte Marie, Madagascar: The status of the forest, avifauna, lemurs and fruit bats}, journal = {Biol. Conservation}, volume = {65}, number = {3}, year = {1993}, month = {1993}, pages = {205-212}, abstract = {Between 26 March and 3 April 1991 a reconnaissance of Ile Sainte Marie, Madagascar, was conducted to determine the condition of the remaining forests and the species of birds occurring on the island. Specific information was sought on the snail-eating coua Coua delalandei, a species known only from Ile Sainte Maire, but which had not been reported for over 150 years. Sight observations and interviews with local people were used in this investigation. The only remaining forest on laterite soil, For{\^e}t de Kalalao, has been severely degraded and is now a series of small disjunct blocks. One area of littoral forest, For{\^e}t d{\textquoteright}Ambohidena, is relatively intact. A single obligate forest bird is known still to occur on the island. There is a high correlation between the species of birds observed during the reconnaissance and those recognized from pictures by local inhabitants of the island. On the basis of the extent of habitat destruction, the condition of the remaining forest, and information from local people, the snail-eating coua is presumed to be extinct. Incidental information was also obtained about lemurs and fruit bats occurring on the island.}, keywords = {Africa, Aves, bushmeat, Chiroptera, conservation, hunting, Madagascar, Mammalia, Primates, Pteropodidae, Pteropus rufus, survey}, url = {Goodman 1993.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(93)90054-5}, author = {Goodman, S. M.} } @article {2823, title = {Records of bat flies from Jordan, Libya and Algeria}, journal = {Ent. News}, volume = {104}, number = {1}, year = {1993}, month = {1993}, pages = {43-46}, abstract = {Eight species of bat flies (Insecta: Diptera: Streblidae and Nycteribiidae) collected from bats from Jordan, Libya and Algeria are listed along with their respective hosts. Brachytarsina flavipennis, Stylidia biarticulata, Stylidia integra and Basilia nana are new records for Jordan.}, keywords = {Algeria, Arabia, Basilia daganiae, Basilia nana, Brachytarsina flavipennis, Chiroptera, Diptera, ectoparasites, Insecta, Jordan, Libya, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus schreibersi, Myotis blythi [punicus], Near East, North Africa, Nycteribia pedicularia, Nycteribia schmidlii, Nycteribiidae, parasitism, Penicillidia dufourii, Pipistrellus pipistrellus, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus euryale, Rhinolophus mehelyi, Streblidae, Stylidia biarticulata, Stylidia integra, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Amr, Z. S. and Qumsiyeh, M. B.} } @article {3631, title = {Reproductive biology and population structures of Podocarpus falcatus and P. latifolius in southern Cape forests}, journal = {Bot. J. Linn. Soc.}, volume = {112}, number = {1}, year = {1993}, month = {1993}, pages = {59-74}, abstract = {This study concerns morphological differences of the fruit types of two Podocarpus species in relation to their different population recruitment rates. First, sampling data from the mixed evergreen forests of Gouna and Groenkop in the southern Cape, South Africa, were used to describe the population structures of the two species. Podocarpus falcatus is widely scattered at low density and has a low recruitment rate. Podocarpus latifolius is widespread and common at high density and has a high recruitment rate. Second, the morphology of their fruits and seeds was studied in relation to seed dispersal, predation and germination. The species represent the two basic {\textquoteright}fruit{\textquoteright} types of the genus. Podocarpus falcatus produces a heavy fruit, but invests mostly in dispersal (with a yellow fleshy pulp or epimatium enclosing the seed) and protective tissue (stony shell or sclerotesta) and very little into endosperm food reserves for the embryo. Podocarpus latifolius produces a light fruit which is composed mainly of dispersal tissue (blackish-purple fleshy receptacle) with protective tissue (thin leathery epimatium without woody sclerotesta) and food reserves for the embryo. The structure of the P. falcatus fruit is related to adaptation for protection during seed dispersal by bats. The stony sclerotesta delays germination for about one year and thereby causes the exposure of the seed to high post-dispersal predation by rodents and bushpig. Seedling recruitment is low. In contrast birds and baboons eat the receptacle of the P. latifolius fruit and discard the seed undamaged. Less protective tissue is required. Seeds germinate within two to four months and recruitment is high. The structural differences of the two fruit types also have predictive value for the relative success of the different sections of the genus. Section Afrocarpus (to which P. falcatus belongs) and related sections have relatively restricted geographic distributions. Section Eupodocarpus (to which P. latifolius belongs) and related sections have wide distributions.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, frugivory, germination, Pteropodidae, Rousettus aegyptiacus, seed dispersal, seed predation, size class distribution, South Africa}, author = {Geldenhuys, C. J.} } @book {4049, title = {Reproductive Biology of the Baobab (Adansonia digitata L.)}, year = {1993}, month = {1993}, pages = {56 pp. + 1 plate}, publisher = {MSc Thesis}, organization = {MSc Thesis}, address = {Aarhus University}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Epomophorus gambianus, Pteropodidae, Rousettus aegyptiacus, Senegal, West Africa}, author = {J{\o}rgensen, A.} } @book {5297, title = {Reproductive Biology of the Egyptian Free-tailed Bat, Tadarida aegyptiaca}, year = {1993}, month = {1993}, publisher = {MSc Thesis}, organization = {MSc Thesis}, chapter = {xi+86}, address = {Rhodes University}, abstract = {The reproductive biology of Tadarida aegyptiaca was studied using specimens collected in the Cape Province of South Africa. The morphology of the reproductive tract of the species was generally similar to that of other molossids, however, the absence of Cowpers glands was unusual. Spermatogenesis began in February and spermatozoa were released to the cauda epididymis during August and September. Follicular development started in March and culminated with the appearance of Graafian follicles in July. Ovulation probably occurred in August and specimens were pregnant by September. Gestation length was estimated to be four to five months and a single young was born in December. The data suggest that T. aegyptiaca is monotocous and monoestrous.}, keywords = {anatomy, Chiroptera, gestation, histology, Molossidae, monoestry, morphology, pregnancy, reproduction, seasonality, South Africa, Tadarida aegyptiaca}, url = {http://eprints.ru.ac.za/3945/}, author = {Tsita, J. N.} } @article {3237, title = {Seasonally polyestrous reproduction in a free-tailed bat Tadarida fulminans (Microchiroptera: Molossidae) in Zimbabwe}, journal = {Biotropica}, volume = {25}, number = {4}, year = {1993}, month = {1993b}, pages = {487-492}, abstract = {This paper reports on an unusual pattern of reproduction observed in females of the large Madagascar free-tailed bat, Tadarida fulminans (Thomas 1903), in Zimbabwe. Tadarida fulminans is a large, high flying free-tailed bat. It is rarely encountered, but widely distributed across the savanna biome of eastern tropical Africa (Smithers 1983).}, keywords = {behaviour, Chiroptera, Flederm{\"a}use, Mammalia, Molossidae, polyoestry, reproduction, Southern Africa, Tadarida fulminans, Zimbabwe}, author = {Cotterill, F. P. D. and Fergusson, R. A.} } @article {5320, title = {Systematics of African Nycteris (Mammalia: Chiroptera). Part II. The Nycteris hispida group}, journal = {Bonn. zool. Beitr.}, volume = {44}, number = {3-4}, year = {1993}, month = {1993a}, pages = {299-332}, abstract = {In this paper the systematics of the African Nycteris hispida species group is discussed. Using multivariate statistical techniques, three species can be distinguished in this group: one extremely large Nycteris grandis Peters, 1865, and two smaller species: Nycteris hispida (Schreber, 1774) and Nycteris aurita (K. Andersen, 1912). It is shown why both latter species are generally lumped together, since they are very alike when external measurements are compared univariably. None of the three species shows sufficient geographical differences to permit subspecific division. Besides biometrical data, the distribution of the three species is discussed and a review of all publications concerning the various forms is presented. Additionally the sexual dimorphism in the different species was examined, indicating that one must be very careful in attributing sexual dimorphism if the specimens originate from a large geographic area.}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, evolution, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, Mammalia, morphology, Nycteridae, Nycteris aurita, Nycteris grandis, Nycteris hispida, revision, sibling species, speciation, species richness, systematics, taxonomy, zoogeography}, author = {Van Cakenberghe, V. and De Vree, F.} } @article {2929, title = {Ultrastructural characteristics of atrial, ventricular and subendocardial (Purkinje) cells of the fruit-eating bat Eidolon helvum}, journal = {Acta Anatomica}, volume = {147}, number = {2}, year = {1993}, month = {1993}, pages = {89-96}, abstract = {The ultrastructure of the myocardium of the large (285 gm) fruit-eating bat (Eidolon helvum) provides further evidence that, among mammalian species, different types of cardiac myocytes are morphologically heterogeneous. Atrial cells of this species, like those of smaller bats previously studied, have few of the natriuretic hormone-containing granules. These granules are also small, with a mean diameter of 176 {\textpm} 3.9 nm in comparison with those of the rat (230 {\textpm} 5.8 nm) and mouse (211 {\textpm} 4.7 nm). In all types of myocytes of the bat investigated, mitochondrial matrix granules are more prominent than in those of the rat and mouse. Also distinctive are the Purkinje cells which, aside from their large size (30 {\textmu}m) and lack of T-tubules, have atrial granule-like inclusions. These cells are well endowed with mitochondria (28\% of cytoplasmic volume) and with lipid bodies but have few glycogen granules. Their myofibrillae (33\%) are well aligned. The ventricular cells (average diameter 14 {\textmu}m) have nearly equal volumes of mitochondria (41\%) and myofibrils (47\%). Mitochondrial cristae, however, are not compactly organized. Lipid material is found in the matrix of the mitochondria. Extensive evaginations of endothelial cells of the bat endocardium appear continuous with endothelial vacuoles. In these endothelial cells, there are also many dense granules of varying shapes and sizes.}, keywords = {anatomy, Chiroptera, Eidolon helvum, Ghana, heart, Pteropodidae, ultrastructure, West Africa}, url = {Ayettey et al. 1993.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000147487}, author = {Ayettey, A. S. and Tagoe, C. N. B. and Yates, R. D.} } @article {3570, title = {Variation in foraging behaviour, habitat use, and diet of large slit-faced bats (Nycteris grandis)}, journal = {Z. S{\"a}ugetierk.}, volume = {58}, number = {2}, year = {1993}, month = {1993}, pages = {65-74}, abstract = {Examined the diet of Nycteris grandis, a 30-35 g African nycterid which varied significantly from year to year, season to season and roost to roost, suggesting flexible foraging behaviour and opportunism. Frogs, insects, and bats formed the bulk of the bats{\textquoteright} diet. Although five species of frogs were consumed, two dominated the diet. Insect prey were mainly larger Lepidoptera and Orthoptera with occasional consumption of smaller species (< 10 g) of bats. Diurnal insects (butterflies - Lepidoptera; dragon flies - Odonata) and small ({\texteuro} 10 g) birds also were eaten. Over 14 nights in June 1990, prey taken by N. grandis did not reflect the availability of frogs, bats or insects. Radio-tagged N. grandis showed significant variation in approach to foraging, including the use of woodland or river habitat, and two foraging techniques, namely hunting from continuous flight or from a perch.}, keywords = {Beutespektrum, carnivory, Chiroptera, diet, feeding habits, Flederm{\"a}use, foraging, Nahrungsspektrum, Nahrungswahl, Nycteridae, Nycteris grandis, opportunistic feeder, Southern Africa, Zimbabwe}, author = {Fenton, M. B. and Rautenbach, I. L. and Chipese, D. and Cumming, M. B. and Musgrave, M. K. and Taylor, J. S. and Volpers, T.} } @article {3248, title = {Vocal mimicry in wild African grey parrots Psittacus erithacus}, journal = {Ibis}, volume = {135}, number = {3}, year = {1993}, month = {1993}, pages = {293-299}, abstract = {The ability of captive grey parrots Psittacus erithacus to imitate heterospecific sounds is well known. Analysis of a sound recording from Zaire reveals the first evidence of vocal mimicry in the wild of nine species of birds and a bat. Examination of recordings from Gabon and the Ivory Coast indicates that vocal mimicry may be widespread in wild populations. Possibly reasons why this phenomenon has not been detected before are discussed.}, keywords = {acoustic communication, Africa, animal communication, Aves, Congo (Kinshasa), courtship behaviour, Gabon, Ivory Coast, Psittacus erithacus, social behaviour, vocal mimicry}, url = {Cruickshank et al. 1993.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1993.tb02846.x}, author = {Cruickshank, A. J. and Gautier, J.-P. and Chappuis, C.} } @article {4833, title = {Bats from Mana Pools National Park in Zimbabwe and the first record of Eptesicus rendallii from the country}, journal = {Z. S{\"a}ugetierk.}, volume = {57}, number = {2}, year = {1992}, month = {1992}, pages = {112-115}, keywords = {biodiversity, Chiroptera, chromosomes, distribution, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, karyotypes, Mammalia, Neoromicia rendalli, Pteropodidae, Southern Africa, species richness, systematics, taxonomy, Vespertilionidae, Zimbabwe}, author = {Rautenbach, I. L. and Fenton, M. B.} } @inbook {3402, title = {The bats of Nechisar National Park}, booktitle = {A Survey of Nechisar National Park, Ethiopia}, series = {Study Report}, number = {50}, year = {1992}, month = {1992}, pages = {35-39}, publisher = {International Council for Bird Preservation}, organization = {International Council for Bird Preservation}, chapter = {132}, address = {Cambridge}, keywords = {[Chaerephon pumilus] Tadarida pumila, [Neoromicia nana] Pipistrellus nanus, [Neoromicia] Pipistrellus tenuipinnis, Cardioderma cor, Chiroptera, Epomophorus anurus [labiatus], Ethiopia, Hipposideridae, Lavia frons, Megadermatidae, Molossidae, Northeast Africa, Pteropodidae, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus cf. fumigatus, Rousettus aegyptiacus, Rousettus cf. lanosus kempi, Scotoecus hindei [hirundo], Scotophilus dinganii, Triaenops persicus afer, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Duckworth, J. W. and Timmins, R. J.}, editor = {Duckworth, J. W. and Evans, M. I. and Safford, R. J. and Telfer, M. G. and Timmins, R. J. and Zewdie, C.} } @article {4998, title = {Beobachtungen {\"u}ber Nutznie{\ss}er der Fr{\"u}chte des Niembaumes (Azadirachta indica) in Afrika mit besonderer Ber{\"u}cksichtigung von Senegal}, journal = {Anzeiger f{\"u}r Sch{\"a}dlingskunde, Pflanzenschutz, Umweltschutz}, volume = {65}, number = {1}, year = {1992}, month = {1992}, pages = {1-4}, abstract = {The fruits of the neem tree, Azadirachta indica A. Juss., are utilized in Senegal and elsewhere by man and numerous animals for food. Goats eat the seeds including the very bitter seed kernel. The sweet pulp is consumed by man and flying foxes (fruit bats), specially the straw-coloured flying fox, Eidolon helvum helvum (Kerr.). The same applies to some bird species, such as the v-marked or village weaver, Textor cucullatus (M{\"u}ll.), the white vented bulbul, Pycnonotus barbatus (Desfont.), the long-tailed starling, Lamprotornis caudatus (M{\"u}ll.), and other Lamprotornis spp., as well as to the mousebird, Urocolius macrourus (L.). All fruit-pulp eating animals are useful as they prepare the neem seeds for collection by man. This makes the labourious and time consuming process of depulping unnecessary, which is very important for the economic use of neem seeds for crop protection purposes, at least in W. Africa. On the other hand, goats may develop as important competitors of man if they consume large amounts of seeds in future.}, keywords = {Aves, Chiroptera, Eidolon helvum, Pteropodidae, seed dispersal, Senegal, West Africa}, url = {Schmutterer 1992.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01905973}, author = {Schmutterer, H.} } @article {4357, title = {Cat{\'a}logo dos Chiroptera em colec{\c c}{\~a}o no Centro de Zoologia}, journal = {Garcia de Orta, S{\'e}r. Zool.}, volume = {17}, number = {1-2}, year = {1992}, month = {1992 [for 1990]}, pages = {1-20}, abstract = {The authors report 433 specimens of Chiroptera housed in Centro de Zoologia of Instituto de Investigacao Cientifica Tropical. As many as 30 species are listed. Three of these species are recorded for the first time from Guin{\'e}e (Taphozous perforatus, Eptesicus somalicus and Pipistrellus nanus) and two from Macau (Pipistrellus abramus and Miniopterus schreibersi).}, keywords = {Africa, Angola, Azores, Chiroptera, Europe, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, Guinea Bissau, Gulf of Guinea, Mammalia, morphology, Mozambique, Portugal, Pr{\'{\i}ncipe, Pteropodidae, S{\~a}o Tom{\'e}, species richness, systematics, taxonomy}, author = {Lopes, F. J. and Crawford-Cabral, J.} } @book {3963, title = {Conservation and Tourism Management of Cave Roosts for Bats in the Ruhengeri Region, Northern Rwanda}, year = {1992}, month = {1992}, pages = {22}, publisher = {Report to Fauna and Flora Preservation Society (Oryx 100\% fund project N{\textdegree} 90/4/2)}, organization = {Report to Fauna and Flora Preservation Society (Oryx 100\% fund project N{\textdegree} 90/4/2)}, keywords = {caves, Central Africa, Chiroptera, day roosts, Eidolon helvum, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus inflatus, Molossidae, Otomops martiensseni, Pteropodidae, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus ?hildebrandtii, Rhinolophus clivosus, Rousettus aegyptiacus, Rousettus lanosus, Rwanda, volcano}, author = {Hutson, A. M. and Wilson, J. R.} } @inbook {3867, title = {The echolocation calls of Hipposideros ruber and Hipposideros caffer}, booktitle = {Prague Studies in Mammalogy}, year = {1992}, month = {1992}, pages = {75-77}, publisher = {Charles University Press}, organization = {Charles University Press}, address = {Praha}, keywords = {behaviour, Central Africa, Chiroptera, Congo (Kinshasa), echolocation, Flederm{\"a}use, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros caffer, Hipposideros ruber, Irangi, Kivu, Mammalia, morphology, sibling species, sympatric, systematics, taxonomy}, author = {Heller, K.-G.}, editor = {Hor{\'a}{\`e}ek, I. and Vohral{\'{\i}k, V.} } @article {5467, title = {The endemic mammals of Ethiopia}, journal = {Mammal Rev.}, volume = {22}, number = {3-4}, year = {1992}, month = {1992}, pages = {115-150}, abstract = {Ethiopia is one country where a major habitat block, having a high degree of endemicity in both fauna and flora, is contained within political boundaries. This account reviews the status and distribution of the 30 mammals which are currently believed to be endemic to Ethiopia.}, keywords = {Artiodactyla, biogeography, Carnivora, Chiroptera, conservation, endemism, Ethiopia, Kerivoula eriophora, Lagomorpha, Mammalia, Myotis scotti, Northeast Africa, palaeontology, Primates, Rodentia, Soricidae, Vespertilionidae}, url = {Yalden \& Largen 1992.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2907.1992.tb00128.x}, author = {Yalden, D. W. and Largen, M. J.} } @article {4043, title = {The Gambian dwarf crocodile project. Preliminary report 1990}, journal = {South Western Herpetological Society}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, year = {1992}, month = {1992 [for 1991]}, pages = {11-17}, keywords = {Amphibia, Anura, behaviour, Chiroptera, communities, conservation, ecology, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, Gambia, habitat preferences, Mammalia, Osteolaemus tetraspis, Pteropodidae, reproduction, Reptilia, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus denti, species richness, West Africa}, author = {Jones, S.} } @article {2750, title = {Epomophorus wahlbergi}, journal = {Mammalian Species}, number = {394}, year = {1992}, month = {1992}, pages = {1-4}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, Epomophorus wahlbergi, Pteropodidae, review}, author = {Acharya, L.} } @article {2769, title = {Importance of wild animals and their parts in the culture, religious festivals, and traditional medicine, of Nigeria}, journal = {Environmental Conservation}, volume = {19}, number = {2}, year = {1992}, month = {1992}, pages = {125-134}, abstract = {Utilization of animal wildlife and their by-products by farmers in Nigeria, as confirmed by this survey, is for cultural and religious ceremonies and traditional medicine. The pattern of consumption of wild animals depends on what species are available in different ecological zones. In traditional medicine, some wildlife by-products are acceptable nation-wide, while in religion, farmers are very selective {\textemdash} especially the Muslims. Culturally, utilization is largely by tribal and ethnic background. In the installation of traditional rulers and in performing traditional rites, some specific wild animals and their byproducts must be sacrificed.Wild animals are so vital to the rural people that adequate consideration must be given to maintaining wildlife habitats when rural development projects are planned. This is especially important when these projects involve major land-use changes or modification of traditional agricultural practices. Much of the small mammal, bird, and reptile, habitat is comprised of small wild patches, marshes, or narrow riparian strips, which can easily be destroyed by short-sighted activities. This wildlife is a valuable renewable resource which can continue to produce benefits only if adequate habitats and protection are available.}, keywords = {Aves, Chiroptera, cultural values, Eidolon helvum, human use, Mammalia, Nigeria, Pteropodidae, religion, Reptilia, traditional medicine, West Africa}, url = {Adeola 1992.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0376892900030605}, author = {Adeola, M. O.} } @article {3225, title = {Molossid bat predation by Mackinder{\textquoteright}s eagle owl}, journal = {The Honeyguide}, volume = {38}, number = {2}, year = {1992}, month = {1992}, pages = {124-125}, keywords = {[Chaerephon] Tadarida ansorgei, Aves, Bubo capensis mackinderi, Chiroptera, Molossidae, predation, Southern Africa, Strigidae, Strigiformes, Tadarida fulminans, Zimbabwe}, author = {Cotterill, F. P. D.} } @article {3551, title = {Pelage patterns and crypsis in roosting bats: Taphozous mauritianus and Epomophorus species}, journal = {Koedoe}, volume = {35}, number = {2}, year = {1992}, month = {1992a}, pages = {49-55}, abstract = {The grizzled dorsal pelage of Taphozous mauritianus (Emballonuridae) contributes to the camouflage of these bats when they are roosting on natural surfaces. The white ear spots of Epomophorus spp. (Pteropodidae) represent disruptive patterns contributing to the cryptic appearance of these bats when they are roosting in foliage.}, keywords = {camouflage, Chiroptera, crypsis, day roosts, disruptive patterns, ecology, Emballonuridae, Epomophorus gambianus crypturus, Epomophorus wahlbergi, Flederm{\"a}use, habitat preferences, Kruger National Park, Mammalia, pelage colouration, predator avoidance, Pteropodidae, roosting behaviour, South Africa, Taphozous mauritianus, Vegetation}, author = {Fenton, M. B.} } @article {3080, title = {Phenetic relationships among bats of the family Rhinolophidae}, journal = {Acta theriol.}, volume = {37}, number = {3}, year = {1992}, month = {1992}, pages = {213-240}, abstract = {Phenetic analyses, using the common-part-removed transformation of Wood (1983), were performed on 2.5-6.4\% of the variance that describes morphometric differences among bats of the family Rhinolophidae. Two ordination methods, one clustering technique, and a minimum-spanning tree were employed to assess patterns of similarity among 62 species. Two major phenetic groups were revealed. One comprised Oriental and Australian species, whereas the other contained Ethiopian and Palaearctic taxa. On the basis of morphological similarity, all but one species were provisionally arranged in 11 phenetic groups: (Rhinolophus) megaphyllus, rouxii, euryotis, pearsonii, philippinensis, trifoliatus, fumigatus, ferrumequinum, capensis, euryale, and hipposideros. Mensural data were not sufficient to clarify the status of R. maclaudi. Based on the morphological dispersion analysis, the Oriental region should be regarded as the center of origin of the family. On the basis of phylogenetic and functional factors, a close ancestor of rhinolophids probably lived in tropical rain forests, flew slowly emitting low-frequency sounds, and caught relatively soft but large prey.}, keywords = {Africa, allopatric, Asia, Australia, biodiversity, biogeography, Chiroptera, evolution, Flederm{\"a}use, Mammalia, morphology, Oriental Region, phylogeny, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus, sibling species, speciation, species richness, sympatric, systematics, taxonomy, zoogeography}, author = {Bogdanowicz, W.} } @article {3082, title = {Phylogenetic analyses of the bat family Rhinolophidae}, journal = {Z. zool. Syst. Evolut.-forsch.}, volume = {30}, number = {2}, year = {1992}, month = {1992}, pages = {142-160}, abstract = {The 35 mensural traits of 62 species from the family Rhinolophidae were analyzed by the maximum likelihood method using data matrices after size-free and common-part-removed transformations. Of several groups of species recognized by most earlier researchers only a few are well defined and supported phylogenetically. The majority, like the philippinensis group of TATE (1943), for example, do not represent natural assemblages. The results suggest south-east Asia as a centre of origin for the family. The extreme morphological similarity among horseshoe bats appears to reflect the monophyly of the genus Rhinolophus.}, keywords = {Africa, Asia, Chiroptera, evolution, Flederm{\"a}use, Mammalia, morphology, phylogeny, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus, speciation, species richness, systematics, taxonomy, zoogeography}, author = {Bogdanowicz, W. and Owen, R. D.} } @article {4124, title = {Phylogenetic relationships in the mite family Sarcoptidae (Acari: Astigmata)}, journal = {Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan}, number = {180}, year = {1992}, month = {1992}, pages = {1-154}, abstract = {A phylogenetic analysis of relationships among the 117 recognizable species of the mite family Sarcoptidae Murray, 1877 is carried out based on 215 morphological and ontogenetic characters. The putative sister group of the Sarcoptidae, the family Rhyncoptidae, and more distantly related families in the Sarcoptoidea (Psoroptidae, Lobalgidae, Myocoptidae) are used as outgroups. All of these taxa are obligate, permanent ectoparasites of mammals.Due to the large quantity of missing data and the overall size of the matrix, the analysis is carried out in parts. Initial analyses, including only those taxa for which the quantity of missing data is low, are used to establish a hypothesis of relationships among the larger subgroups. Relationships within each subgroup are analyzed separately. The subgroup analyses are rooted using hypothetical ancestors which are constructed based on the results of the initial analyses.A new classification of the Sarcoptidae is proposed based on the results of the systematic analysis. The family is divided in three subfamilies, the Diabolicoptinae Fain \& Domrow, 1974 (2 genera, 3 species), Sarcoptinae Murray, 1877 (4 genera, 8 species) and Teinocoptinae Fain, 1959 (9 genera, 106 species). These groupings include two newly described genera and 18 newly described species. Within the Sarcoptinae, the genus Pithesarcoptes Fain, 1965 is synonymized with Prosarcoptes Lavoipierre, 1960 and the subgenus Trixacarus (Caviacoptes) Fain et al., 1972 with Trixacarus (s.s.) Sellnick, 1944. At the species level, Prosarcoptes faini Lavoipierre, 1970 is synonymized with P. pitheci (Philippe, 1948). The Teinocoptinae includes the formerly recognized families Teinocoptidae Fain, 1959 and Bakerocoptidae Fain, 1962, as well as the subfamily Notoedrinae Fain, 1968 (Sarcoptidae). Within this lineage the genus Bakerocoptes Fain, 1962 is synonymized with Nycteridocoptes Oudemans, 1898, the subgenus Chirnyssoides (Carollicoptes) Fain \& Lukoschus, 1971 with Chirnyssoides (s.s.) Fain, 1959, and the genera Chirnyssus Fain, 1959 and Suncicoptes Fain \& Lukoschus, 1976, and subgenera Notoedres (Neonotoedres) Fain, 1963, N. (Metanotoedres) Fain, 1959, and N. (Jansnotoedres) Fain, 1965 with Notoedres (s.s.) Railliet, 1893. At the species level, Notoedres dohanyi Klompen et al., 1983 is synonymized with N. tadaridae Fain, 1959, N. schoutedeni hyatti Fain, 1963 with N. chiropteralis (Trouessart, 1896), and N. douglasi Lavoipierre, 1964 with N. centrifera Jansen, 1963. New combinations include Tychosarcoptes amphipterinon (Klompen et al., 1984) and Chirobia brevior (Fain et al., 1982), both transferred from Teinocoptes; Teinocoptes harpionycteris (Klompen \& OConnor, 1987), transferred from Chirobia; Notoedres (Bakeracarus) plecoti Fain, 1959, transferred from N. (Notoedres); N. (B.) eptesicus (Fain \& Lukoschus, 1971), N. (B.) corynorhini (Fain, 1961), and N. (B.) anisothrix (Fain \& Lukoschus, 1975), formerly subspecies of N. (B.) lasionycteris (Boyd \& Bernstein, 1950).Data on ecology, pathology and host associations are summarized for all species of the family, and identification keys to all species are included.}, keywords = {Africa, Arachnida, Asia, Chiroptera, cladistics, ectoparasites, host-parasite relationships, Mammalia, Neotropics, Palaeotropics, parasitism, phylogeny, South America, systematics, taxonomy}, author = {Klompen, J. S. H.} } @article {4682, title = {Preliminary observations on the comparative gastric morphology of selected Old World and New World bats}, journal = {Z. S{\"a}ugetierk.}, volume = {57}, number = {5}, year = {1992}, month = {1992}, pages = {257-268}, abstract = {Stomachs of ten species of bats (eight microchiropteran and two megachiropteran species), representing nine genera from five families, were examined and compared morphologically and histologically. All stomachs were wholly glandular but differences in gross morphology were observed between insectivorous, omnivorous and frugivorous species. Anatomical variatons in the gastric mucosa between species were minor. The insectivorous bats exhibited little variation between species and possessed a simple tubular gastric stomach. The stomachs of the frugivorous species were more specialised with increased compartmentalisation. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the presence of microvilli in the stomachs of both an insectivorous and a frugivorous species.}, keywords = {anatomy, Chiroptera, diet, digestive system, Epomophorus wahlbergi, food, Mammalia, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus fraterculus, Miniopterus schreibersii [natalensis?], morphology, Myotis tricolor, Neotropics, Phyllostomidae, Pteropodidae, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus simulator, South Africa, stomach, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Perrin, M. R. and Hughes, J. J.} } @article {4529, title = {Premi{\`e}re liste comment{\'e}e des mammif{\`e}res du Rwanda}, journal = {J. Afr. Zool.}, volume = {106}, number = {2}, year = {1992}, month = {1992}, pages = {141-151}, abstract = {A preliminary checklist is presented for the mammals of Rwanda based on the literature and our own observations. For several important groups as such bats in Nyungwe or small carnivores, data are certainly incomplete and details of large collections of rodents obtained by W.N. Verheyen and colleagues have yet to he published. Under such circumstances, this paper can not present more than a first provisional list of the mammals of Rwanda.}, keywords = {Akagera National Park, Albertine Rift, Central Africa, Chiroptera, Mammalia, Nyungwe National Park, Rwanda, Volcanoes National Park}, author = {Monfort, A.} } @article {3964, title = {Small mammals from forest islands of eastern Nigeria and adjacent Cameroon, with systematical and biogeographical notes}, journal = {Bonn. zool. Beitr.}, volume = {43}, number = {3}, year = {1992}, month = {1992a}, pages = {393-414}, abstract = {26 species of insectivores, bats and rodents are recorded from the Gotel Mts and the Mambilla Plateau in eastern Nigeria and adjacent Cameroon. These mountain ranges carry relict forests representing distribution islands for many vertebrate species. 8 species of mammals are recorded for the first time from Nigeria, one bat from Cameroon, and a new subspecies of Praomys hartwigi (P. h. obscurus ssp. n.) is described. The taxonomic status of several forms is discussed and full species rank is proposed for Sylvisorex camerunensis, Hylomyscus grandis and Lophuromys eisentrauti. The insectivore and rodent faunas of nine mountain areas within the Cameroon Mountains system are analyzed and the result is presented in the form of an area cladogram. (New geographical records are: Crocidura attila, Sylvisorex camerunensis, Pipistrellus kuhlii, Tadarida aegyptiaca, Otomys occidentalis, S. ollula, Chaerephon major, C. ansorgei, Mus setulosus).}, keywords = {[Lissonycteris] Rousettus angolensis, [Neoromicia] Eptesicus capensis, Africa, allopatric, biodiversity, Bioko, Cameroon, Chaerephon ansorgei, Chaerephon major, Chiroptera, conservation, Crocidura attila, Crocidura olivieri, ecology, endemic, Epomops franqueti, Erstbeschreibung, evolution, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, Grammomys rutilans, Gulf of Guinea, habitat preferences, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros ruber, Hylomyscus grandis stat. nov., Hylomyscus stella, Lemniscomys striatus, Lophuromys eisentrauti stat. nov., Lophuromys sikapusi, Mammalia, Mastomys sp., Micropteropus pusillus, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus schreibersii [villiersi], Molossidae, morphology, Muridae, Mus musculoides, Mus setulosus, Nigeria, Otomys occidentalis, Pipistrellus kuhlii [hesperidus], Praomys cf. jacksoni, Praomys hartwigi obscurus ssp. nov., Pteropodidae, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus simulator [alticolus], Rodentia, Soricidae, Soricomorpha, speciation, species richness, Sylvisorex camerunensis stat. nov., Sylvisorex megalura, Sylvisorex ollula, sympatric, systematics, Tadarida aegyptiaca, taxonomy, Vespertilionidae, zoogeography}, author = {Hutterer, R. and Dieterlen, F. and Nikolaus, G.} } @article {3173, title = {Some histochemical studies of the superior and inferior colliculi of the straw-coloured, fruit-eating bat, Eidolon helvum (Kerr)}, journal = {Discovery Innovation}, volume = {4}, number = {3}, year = {1992}, month = {1992}, pages = {49-52}, abstract = {The histochemical activities of some enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism (SDH, LDH and C6PDH) as well as some non-specific phosphomonoesterases (acid and alkaline phosphatases) were investigated in the superior and inferior colliculi of Eidolon helvum (KERR) a megachiropteran bat. The activities of SDH and G6PDH appeared more intense than that of LDH in the superior colliculus while the activity of LDH stained more intensely than SDH and G6PDH in the inferior colliculus. It is suggested that the glycolytic pathway is more actively utilised in the latter organ presumably implying that it is metabolically more active than the superior colliculus. This presupposes that the energy requirements of the inferior colliculus are higher than those of the superior colliculus in Eidolon. The presence of the activity of alkaline phosphatase, especially along the neurons in both colliculi, has been implicated in membrane mediated transport activities.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Eidolon helvum, Nigeria, Pteropodidae, West Africa}, author = {Caxton-Martins, A. E. and Baxter-Grillo, D. L. and Nwoha, P. U.} } @article {3726, title = {Systematics of megadermatid bats (Chiroptera, Megadermatidae), based on hyoid morphology}, journal = {Am. Mus. Novitates}, number = {3041}, year = {1992}, month = {1992}, pages = {1-21}, abstract = {The hyoid musculature and hyoid apparatus of bats of the family Megadermatidae are described and compared with the hyoid morphology of bat families described elsewhere. Megadermatids share an apomorphic character state with nycterids, rhinopomatids, and emballonurids in that the omohyoid muscle has shifted its origin from the scapula to the mid-clavicle. We suggest that because of the omohyoid shift, megadermatids have been able to develop a morphoglogical condition described previously only in New World phyllostomid bats. The sternohyoid, hyoglossus, and geniohyoid muscles have partially detached from the basihyal, retaining a connection only through a tendon and a few deep fibers of the geniophyoid. The styloglossus muscle has a posteriorly shifted insertion, as in phyllostomids. Within the Megadermatidae, there is morphological variation in the origin of the sternothyroid, hyoglossus, and sphincter colli profundus muscles, in the morphology of the styloglossus, and in the insertion of the geniohyoid and ceratohyoid muscles. A cladistic analysis of the data suggests that Lavia frons is closely related to Megaderma spasma and M. lyra. Cardioderma cor is a sister species to the Lavia-Megaderma group. Macroderma gigas is the most distantly related to the four megadermatid genera.}, keywords = {Africa, anatomy, Asia, Cardioderma cor, Chiroptera, Lavia frons, Macroderma gigas, Megaderma lyra, Megaderma spasma, Megadermatidae, morphology, phylogeny}, author = {Griffiths, T. A. and Truckenbrod, A. and Sponholtz, P. J.} } @article {4059, title = {Taxonomic review of Miniopterus minor Peters, 1867 (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from western Central Africa}, journal = {Bonn. zool. Beitr.}, volume = {43}, number = {3}, year = {1992}, month = {1992}, pages = {355-365}, abstract = {Western populations of M. minor from S{\~a}o Tom{\'e} Island, Zaire and the Republic of Congo are compared to one another and with the known eastern subspecies, using either quantitative and qualitative parameters. The analyses confirm the subspecific character of both the S{\~a}o Tom{\'e} population (described as M. newtoni Bocage, 1893) and the western continental population, distinguished by cranial relationships and qualitative characters from the other known populations and hereby described as a new subspecies (M. minor occidentalis ssp. n.). In addition, a neotype for newtoni is designated.}, keywords = {Africa, allopatric, Chiroptera, Comoros, Congo (Brazzaville), evolution, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, Gulf of Guinea, island biogeography, Madagascar, Mammalia, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus griveaudi, Miniopterus manavi, Miniopterus minor, Miniopterus minor newtoni [M. newtoni], Miniopterus minor occidentalis ssp. nov., S{\~a}o Tom{\'e}, speciation, species richness}, author = {Juste B., J. and Ib{\'a}{\~n}ez, C.} } @article {4178, title = {Taxonomic status of Nycteris vinsoni Dalquest (Chiroptera, Nycteridae)}, journal = {J. Mamm.}, volume = {73}, number = {3}, year = {1992}, month = {1992}, pages = {649-650}, abstract = {The type of Nycteris vinsoni has been reexamined and the tragus partially reconstituted. It is now evident that the tragus is semilunate rather than pyriform in structure. This character causes N. vinsoni to be transferred from the thebaica group, where I had previously put it, to the macrotis group. I would therefore regard it as a subspecies of Nycteris macrotis.}, keywords = {Africa, Artenzahl, Chiroptera, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, Malawi, Mammalia, morphology, Mozambique, Nycteridae, Nycteris macrotis, Nycteris thebaica, Nycteris vinsoni, systematics, taxonomy}, author = {Koopman, K. F.} } @article {3465, title = {Three new species of spinturnicid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata) from bats in Africa}, journal = {Internat. J. Acarol.}, volume = {18}, number = {4}, year = {1992}, month = {1992}, pages = {307-313}, abstract = {Three new species of spinturnicid mites (Spinturnix delacruzi, Ancystropus aequatorialis, and Paraperiglischrus ruber) are described from specimens collected on African bats. S. delacruzi is unique in having one pair of setae and one pair of pores on the sternal shield of the female; A. aequatorialis is easily recognizable by the presence of a tritosternum longer than broad, together with severe modifications for clasping in the leg I; P. ruber displays unique features for the genus in the sternal plate.}, keywords = {Acari, Ancystropus aequatorialis sp. nov., Arachnida, Bioko, Central Africa, Chiroptera, ectoparasites, Equatorial Guinea, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros ruber, morphology, Paraperiglischrus ruber sp. nov., parasitism, Pteropodidae, Rousettus aegyptiacus, S{\~a}o Tom{\'e}, species description, Spinturnix delacruzi sp. nov., systematics, taxonomy}, url = {Estrada-Pena et al. 1992.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01647959208683965}, author = {Estrada-Pe{\~n}a, A. and Juste B., R. and Ib{\'a}{\~n}ez, C.} } @article {3598, title = {Bat. Eastern North Atlantic}, journal = {Marine Observer}, volume = {61}, number = {314}, year = {1991}, month = {1991}, pages = {177}, keywords = {Africa, Atlantic, Chiroptera, Eidolon helvum, migration, offshore record, Pteropodidae, vagrant}, author = {Freeman, D. and Arthur, R. D. S. and Hill, J. Edwards} } @article {3392, title = {Bats (Chiroptera) from the Mayombe and lower Kouilou (with a checklist for Congo)}, journal = {Tauraco Research Report}, volume = {4}, year = {1991}, month = {1991}, pages = {251-263}, abstract = {A collection of 80 specimens of bats (of 14 species) is described from the lower Kouilou and Mayombe (Congo). Two species are new to the Congo fauna (Rhinolophus alcyone, Hipposideros cyclops) and a third (Scotonycteris ophiodon) is one of the rarest African bats. Four other species have apparently not previously been reported from the Mayombe. Interesting skull characters are described in some Megachiroptera (Scotonycteris, Megaloglossus). Breeding data are presented and species{\textquoteright} distributions discussed. Reference is made to the other species of bats reported elsewhere in Congo, and a checklist presented of the 34 species known to date.}, keywords = {[Chaerephon pumilus] Tadarida pumila, Central Africa, Chiroptera, Congo (Brazzaville), distribution, Epomops franqueti, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, Gabon, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros caffer, Hipposideros cyclops, Megaloglossus woermanni, Micropteropus pusillus, Molossidae, morphology, Myonycteris torquata, Nycteridae, Nycteris arge, Nycteris grandis, Pteropodidae, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus alcyone, Rhinolophus landeri, Rhinolophus silvestris, Rousettus aegyptiacus, Scotonycteris ophiodon [sp. nov.], Scotonycteris zenkeri, Verbreitung}, author = {Dowsett, R. J. and Harrison, D. L. and Granjon, L.} } @article {4679, title = {Diet of the hobby falcon Falco subbuteo in the southwestern Cape}, journal = {Ostrich}, volume = {62}, number = {1-2}, year = {1991}, month = {1991}, pages = {73-88}, keywords = {Aves, Chiroptera, diet, Falco subbuteo, food, Insecta, predation, South Africa}, url = {Pepler 1991.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00306525.1991.9639643}, author = {Pepler, D.} } @article {3195, title = {The Egyptian fruit bat Rousettus aegyptiacus in Dakhleh Oasis, Western Desert of Egypt}, journal = {Mammalia}, volume = {55}, number = {1}, year = {1991}, month = {1991}, pages = {139-142}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Egypt, morphology, North Africa, Pteropodidae, roosting, Rousettus aegyptiacus}, url = {Churcher 1991.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mamm.1991.55.1.139}, author = {Churcher, C. S.} } @article {4502, title = {First record of Asellia patrizii de Beaux, 1931 (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) in Saudi Arabia}, journal = {Mammalia}, volume = {54}, number = {4}, year = {1991}, month = {1991 [for 1990]}, pages = {645-655}, keywords = {Asellia patrizii, Chiroptera, distribution, Ethiopia, Hipposideridae, Near East, Northeast Africa, Saudi Arabia}, author = {Moeschler, P. and Nader, I. A. and Gaucher, P.} } @article {3676, title = {The food habits of the Madagascar long-eared owl Asio madagascariensis in southeastern Madagascar}, journal = {Bonn. zool. Beitr.}, volume = {42}, number = {1}, year = {1991}, month = {1991}, pages = {21-26}, abstract = {A collection of regurgitated pellets and food remains was found below an occupied roost of the Madagascar long-eared owl Asio madagascariensis in southeastern Madagascar. The owls are taking a wide variety of prey including insects, frogs (Boophis), geckos (Uroplatys), birds (Eurystomus, Hypsipetes), bats (large Hipposideros), rodents (Eliurus spp., Rattus), and lemurs (Microcebus). This is the first quantitative information on the food habits of this owl species.}, keywords = {Africa, Amphibia, Anura, Asio madagascariensis, Aves, Chiroptera, diet, food, Gekkonidae, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros commersonii, Madagascar, Mammalia, predation, prey, Primates, Reptilia, Rodentia, Strigiformes}, author = {Goodman, S. M. and Creighton, G. K. and Raxworthy, C. J.} } @article {5172, title = {On fruits, seeds, and bats}, journal = {Bats}, volume = {9}, number = {4}, year = {1991}, month = {1991}, pages = {8-13}, keywords = {animal-plant interactions, behaviour, Chiroptera, C{\^o}te d{\textquoteright}Ivoire, diet, ecology, foraging, frugivory, habitat preferences, Ivory Coast, Mammalia, Pteropodidae, seed dispersal, Vegetation, West Africa}, author = {Thomas, D. W.} } @article {4532, title = {Genetic relationships among eight species of Eptesicus and Pipistrellus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)}, journal = {J. Mamm.}, volume = {72}, number = {2}, year = {1991}, month = {1991}, pages = {286-291}, abstract = {Genetic relationships among eight species of Eptesicus and Pipistrellus were analyzed by use of horizontal starch-gelelectrophoresis. It has been suggested that a 2n = 50 and FN = 48 karyotype defines the genus Eptesicus, and that related forms of differing karyotype should be placed in the genus Pipistrellus. Three species of Eptesicus with 2n = 50 and FN = 48, three species with lower diploid numbers, and two species of Pipistrellus were assayed in this study. The results show that the species of Eptesicus with 2n =50 and FN = 48 form a homogeneous group with high similarity values, despite the included taxa from two continents. Species with lower diploid number show a lesser degree of similarity.}, keywords = {Belize, Chiroptera, Eptesicus furinalis, Eptesicus fuscus, Eptesicus hottentotus, evolution, Flederm{\"a}use, genetics, Honduras, Mammalia, Mexico, Namibia, Neoromicia capensis, Neoromicia nanus, Neoromicia zuluensis, phylogeny, Pipistrellus hesperus, South Africa, Southern Africa, speciation, species richness, systematics, taxonomy, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Morales, J. C. and Ballinger, S. W. and Bickham, J. W. and Greenbaum, I. F. and Schlitter, D. A.} } @article {5307, title = {Glauconyssus: A new genus associated with African bats (Acari: Macronyssidae)}, journal = {Journal of Medical Entomology}, volume = {28}, number = {3}, year = {1991}, month = {1991}, pages = {446-449}, abstract = {Glauconyssus, n. g., is elected for Glauconyssus tanzaniensis, n. sp., a parasitic mite of Glauconycteris poensis from Mt. Kilimanjaro, Tanzania.}, keywords = {Acari, Arachnida, Chiroptera, East Africa, ectoparasites, Glauconycteris poensis, Glauconyssus tanzaniensis sp. nov., Macronyssidae, parasitism, Tanzania, Vespertilionidae}, url = {Uchikawa 1991.pdf http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/esa/jme/1991/00000028/00000003/art00024}, author = {Uchikawa, K.} } @article {3685, title = {Madagascar harrier hawk Polyboroides radiatus preying on flying fox Pteropus rufus}, journal = {Ostrich}, volume = {62}, number = {3-4}, year = {1991}, month = {1991}, pages = {215-216}, keywords = {Aves, Chiroptera, Madagascar, Polyboroides radiatus, predation, Pteropodidae, Pteropus rufus}, author = {Goodman, S. M. and Pidgeon, M.} } @book {4193, title = {Mammals of Algeria}, year = {1991}, month = {1991}, pages = {370}, publisher = {Polish Academy of Sciences}, organization = {Polish Academy of Sciences}, address = {Warsaw}, keywords = {[Hypsugo] Pipistrellus savii, Algeria, Asellia tridens, Chiroptera, distribution, Emballonuridae, Eptesicus serotinus [isabellinus], Hipposideridae, identification key, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus schreibersi, Molossidae, Myotis blythi [punicus], Myotis capaccinii, Myotis emarginatus, Myotis nattereri, North Africa, Nyctalus leisleri, Nyctalus noctula, Otonycteris hemprichi [hemprichii], Pipistrellus deserti, Pipistrellus kuhlii, Pipistrellus minuta, Pipistrellus pipistrellus, Pipistrellus rueppelli [rueppellii], Plecotus austriacus [gaisleri], Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus algirus nom. dub., Rhinolophus blasii, Rhinolophus clivosus, Rhinolophus euryale, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, Rhinolophus hippocrepis, Rhinolophus hipposideros, Rhinolophus mehelyi, Rhinolophus unihastatus, Rhinopoma hardwickei [cystops], Rhinopomatidae, systematics, Tadarida aegyptiaca, Tadarida teniotis, Taphozous nudiventris, taxonomy, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Kowalski, K. and Rzebik-Kowalska, B.} } @article {4957, title = {Morphology of the glans penis in four genera of molossid bats (Chiroptera: Molossidae)}, journal = {J. Mamm.}, volume = {72}, number = {4}, year = {1991}, month = {1991b}, pages = {658-668}, abstract = {The morphology of the glans penis is described for Mormopterus jugularis, Molossops planirostris, M. temminckii, Nyctinomops laticaudatus, N. macrotis, Tadarida aegyptiaca, and T. brasiliensis. The glans penis is stout, elongate, and pendulous in all seven species. The external surface of the glans is covered with epithelial spines in all species except T. brasiliensis, where spines are replaced by rows of epithelial papillae. Epithelial spines range in size from 30 {\textmu}m in N. laticaudatus to 100 {\textmu}m in M. jugularis. The urinary meatus is subterminal and covered by a prominent urethral cap in all species examined except the two species of Molossops. A small os penis is present at the distal terminus of the corpora cavernosa in M. jugularis, N. laticaudatus, and T. brasiliensis. The corpora cavernosa is restricted to the proximal one-half of the glans and no os penis was found in either species of Molossops. Although molossids exhibit only modest intraspecific variation in penile morphology, considerable intergeneric variation is present making these morphological characters potentially useful for testing phylogenetic hypotheses.}, keywords = {[Cynomops] Molossops planirostris, Africa, anatomy, Chiroptera, Egypt, glans penis, Madagascar, Molossidae, Molossops temminckii, Mormopterus jugularis, morphology, Nyctinomops laticaudatus, Nyctinomops macrotis, Tadarida aegyptiaca, Tadarida brasiliensis}, url = {Ryan 1991b.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1381827}, author = {Ryan, J. M.} } @article {2928, title = {Morphometric study of ventricular myocardial cells in the bat (Pipistrellus pipistrellus), hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) and Wistar rat}, journal = {Acta Anatomica}, volume = {141}, number = {4}, year = {1991}, month = {1991}, pages = {348-351}, abstract = {A comparative morphometric study of ventricular myocardial cells of the West African insect-eating bat, Pipistrellus pipistrellus the hamster and the rat revealed significant differences in volume fractions of mitochondria, myofibrils, lipid bodies and T tubules. In the cells of the bat, mitochondria constitute 35\% of cytoplasmic volume compared with 29 and 30\% in the hamster and rat, respectively. Notably, crista density is much higher in the bat cells (3.58 {\texttimes} 105 cm-1) than in those of the hamster (2.59 {\texttimes} 105 cm-1) and of the rat (2.48 {\texttimes} 105 cm-1). Myofibril concentration is 40\% in the bat, 53\% in the hamster and 55\% in the rat. There is greater numerical density of lipid bodies in the bat (212.27 {\texttimes} 109 cm-3) than in the hamster (139.20 {\texttimes} 109 cm-3) and in the rat (114.00 {\texttimes} 109 cm-3). The volume occupied by T tubules is 0.02 in the bat and hamster, and 0.009 in the rat. These differences suggest structural design for efficient metabolic activity in the bat which, among mammals, has high exercise tolerance.}, keywords = {anatomy, Chiroptera, Ghana, heart, Pipistrellus pipistrellus, Rodentia, ultrastructure, Vespertilionidae, West Africa}, url = {Ayettey et al. 1991.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000147146}, author = {Ayettey, A. S. and Tagoe, C. N. B. and Yates, R. D.} } @article {3464, title = {Nuevas citas de {\'a}caros par{\'a}sitos de quir{\'o}pteros en la Pen{\'{\i}nsula Ib{\'e}rica, Norte de {\'a}frica e Islas de la Macaronesia}, journal = {Revista Ib{\'e}rica de Parasitolog{\'{\i}a}, volume = {50}, number = {1-2}, year = {1991}, month = {1991 [for 1990]}, pages = {91-94}, abstract = {New records of mites (Prostigmata excluded) and ticks parasites of bats from Iberian penisula, Canary islands, north of Africa, and Madeira are given. Spinturnix acuminatus and S. punctatus have been recorded for the first time in Spain.}, keywords = {[Hypsugo] Pipistrellus savii, Acari, Argas vespertilionis, Argasidae, Barbastella barbastellus, Canary Islands, Chiroptera, ectoparasites, Europe, Eyndhovenia euryalis euryalis, Eyndhovenia euryalis oudemansi, Iberian Peninsula, Ixodes simplex, Ixodes vespertilionis, Ixodida, Macronyssidae, Macronyssus diversipilis, Macronyssus flavus, Macronyssus rhinolophi, Madeira, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus schreibersii, Molossidae, Morocco, Myotis blythii, Myotis emarginatus, Myotis myotis, Myotis mystacinus, Myotis nattereri, North Africa, Nyctalus lasiopterus, Nyctalus leisleri, parasitism, Parasteatonyssus hoogstraali, Pipistrellus kuhlii, Pipistrellus maderensis, Pipistrellus pipistrellus, Plecotus auritus, Plecotus austriacus, Plecotus teneriffae, Portugal, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus euryale, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, Rhinolophus mehelyi, Spain, Spinturnicidae, Spinturnix acuminatus, Spinturnix emarginatus, Spinturnix myoti, Spinturnix mystacinus, Spinturnix plecotinus, Spinturnix psi, Spinturnix punctatus, Steatonyssus balcellsi, Steatonyssus longipes, Steatonyssus periblepharus, Steatonyssus teidae, Tadarida teniotis, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Estrada-Pe{\~n}a, A. and Ib{\'a}{\~n}ez, C. and Trujillo, D.} } @article {3050, title = {Patterns of Leydig cell and LH gonadotroph activity, and plasma testosterone concentrations in the seasonally reproducing Schreibers{\textquoteright} long-fingered bat (Miniopterus schreibersii)}, journal = {J. Reprod. Fert.}, volume = {91}, number = {2}, year = {1991}, month = {1991a}, pages = {479-492}, abstract = {Spermatogenesis in Schreibers{\textquoteright} long-fingered bat from ~ 33{\textdegree} S in South Africa was seasonal, and occurred in the 3 months (February-April) preceding ovulation. The ultrastructure of the Leydig cells indicated a period of increased steroidogenesis at this time, and plasma testosterone concentrations were elevated from March to May (10{\textperiodcentered}3 ng/ml). The reproductive accessory glands were secretorily active between March and May, and copulation occurred at the end of this period of activity. Changes in LH-{\^a} immunoreactivity suggest that the LH gonadotrophs were secretorily active 1 month before the onset of spermatogenesis and that peak activity coincided with peak plasma testosterone concentrations, spermiogenesis and spermiation. During winter (May-August) there was no reproductive activity and the bats remained active, only entering prolonged periods of torpor during particularly cold spells. A secondary elevation in plasma testosterone concentration, during reproductive inactivity (October; 9{\textperiodcentered}3 ng/ml), was not accompanied by any change in Leydig cell ultrastructure, and the biological significance of this peak is unknown. Such synchronous activity of the pituitary, Leydig cells, seminiferous epithelium and accessory glands is associated with the typical reproductive cycle of long-fingered bats in which copulation and fertilization are restricted to a brief period at the end of summer, and in which neither sperm storage nor a prolonged period of copulation occur.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, endocrinology, gametogenesis, hormones, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus schreibersii, pituitary gland, reproduction, seasonality, South Africa, spermatogenesis}, author = {Bernard, R. T. F. and Bojarski, C. and Millar, R. P.} } @article {5027, title = {The Pemba fruit bat {\textendash} on the edge of extinction?}, journal = {Oryx}, volume = {25}, number = {2}, year = {1991}, month = {1991}, pages = {110-112}, abstract = {The population of endemic fruit bats on Pemba Island, which lies off the coast of Tanzania, appears to have undergone a drastic decline. The author made a short survey in 1989 in some of the areas where the fruit bat was reported to have been numerous, but found that few now exist in these places. The change from traditional hunting methods to the use of shotguns as well as destruction of the island{\textquoteright}s rain forest are believed to be the principal causes. The author makes a plea for a ban on hunting, a public education campaign, protection of the surviving remnants of forest and a captive-breeding effort as a safeguard against extinction.}, keywords = {bushmeat, Chiroptera, conservation, East Africa, hunting, Indian Ocean, Pemba, Pteropodidae, Pteropus voeltzkowi, Tanzania}, url = {Seehausen 1991.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S003060530003516x}, author = {Seehausen, O.} } @article {3051, title = {Plasma progesterone and luteinizing hormone concentrations and the role of the corpus luteum and LH gonadotrophs in the control of delayed implantation in Schreibers{\textquoteright} long-fingered bat (Miniopterus schreibersii)}, journal = {J. Reprod. Fert.}, volume = {93}, number = {1}, year = {1991}, month = {1991b}, pages = {31-42}, abstract = {In Schreibers{\textquoteright} long-fingered bat from South Africa (~33{\textdegree}S) copulation, ovulation and fertilization occurred in April and May, implantation was delayed until August, and parturition occurred in December. Delayed implantation coincided with winter, during which the bats remained active, only entering prolonged periods of torpor during particularly cold spells. Plasma progesterone concentration was low during non-pregnancy (1{\textperiodcentered}54 ng/ml) and during delayed implantation (1{\textperiodcentered}67 ng/ml), and thereafter increased to reach a peak mean of 64{\textperiodcentered}82 ng/ml in late pregnancy. Changes in size and ultrastructure of the luteal cells indicated periods of steroidogenesis just after formation of the corpus luteum, and for about 2 months after implantation; reduced steroidogenic activity during delayed implantation; and luteolysis in the last 2 months of pregnancy. Plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) concentration and pituitary LH-? immunoreactivity were highest during follicular development and peaked just before ovulation. During early delayed implantation, plasma LH concentration was low, and both plasma LH and pituitary LH-? immunoreactivity increased from July, reaching peaks in late pregnancy. LH may be required to activate the corpus luteum and terminate delayed implantation, or, as in some small carnivores, it may be required for luteal maintenance.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, delayed implantation, development, embryonic development, endocrinology, gonads, hormones, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus schreibersii, reproduction, South Africa}, author = {Bernard, R. T. F. and Bojarski, C. and Millar, R. P.} } @article {3247, title = {Scaling of body weight in bats and rodents}, journal = {J. Mamm.}, volume = {72}, number = {4}, year = {1991}, month = {1991}, pages = {731-733}, abstract = {The scaling of body weight on length of head and body apparently differs between bats (Chiroptera) and nonvolant mammals. For the countries of Nigeria and Thailand, least-squares linear regressions of log-transformed body weight of bats had significantly shallower (P < 0.01) slopes than did regressions for nonvolant mammals.}, keywords = {Africa, Asia, body mass, Chiroptera, ecology, evolution, Mammalia, morphology, Nigeria, Rodentia, Thailand}, author = {Cristoffer, C.} } @article {3198, title = {Systematic and taxonomic notes on the Epomophorus anurus-labiatus-minor complex with the description of a new species (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Pteropodidae)}, journal = {Senckenbergiana biol.}, volume = {71}, number = {4/6}, year = {1991}, month = {1991 [for 1990]}, pages = {209-238}, abstract = {Two groups are present in the E. anurus-labiatus-minor complex: a first group with an obvious clinal size variation, consisting of specimens formerly identified as E. anurus, E. labiatus and partly as E. minor, and a second group with no geographic variation in size consisting of specimens formerly identified as E. minor. These two groups obviously belong to two different species, mainly differing in body measurements. We identified the first group as representatives of E. labiatus. Since the type specimen of E. minor also belongs to this group, we concluded that E. minor Dobson 1879 is a junior synonym of E. labiatus (Temminck 1837). As a consequence no valid name is available for the second group. E. minimus n. sp. is described for this second group and a holotype is appointed with type locality Bahadu, Ethiopia.}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, Epomophorus anurus, Epomophorus labiatus, Epomophorus minimus sp. nov., Epomophorus minor, Faunistik, morphology, Pteropodidae, species description, systematics, taxonomy, zoogeography}, author = {Claessen, C. J. and De Vree, F.} } @article {3725, title = {The systematic relationships of Emballonura nigrescens to other species of Emballonura and to Coleura (Chiroptera: Emballonuridae)}, journal = {Am. Mus. Novitates}, number = {2996}, year = {1991}, month = {1991}, pages = {1-16}, abstract = {Dissection of the hyoid musculature and examination of ear, penial, and skull morphology of eight species of Emballonura and one species of Coleura reveal that, with the exception of Embalonura nigrescens, all species share a derived character of the hyoid region. The stenohyoid muscle in all species except nigrescens is deflected dorsally and laterally by a prominent postlaryngeal tracheal expansion. Additionally, E. nigrescens is clearly derived in having a distinctive penis, in contrast with other species of Emballonura as well as Coleura. These observations strongly suggest that non-nigrescens species of Emballonura are more closely related to species of Coleura than either is to Emballonura nigrescens. We conclude therefore that the available generic name Mosia Gray, 1843, shoud be used for the species currently called Emballonura nigrescens. We continue to recognize Coleura as a valid third genus.}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, Coleura afra, ears, Emballonura alecto, Emballonura atrata, Emballonura beccarii, Emballonura furax, Emballonura monticola, Emballonura raffrayana, Emballonura semicaudata, Emballonuridae, evolution, Flederm{\"a}use, hyoid bone, hyoid muscles, Mammalia, morphology, Mosia, Neotropics, penis, phylogeny, systematics, Taphozous georgianus, Taphozous mauritianus, Taphozous melanopogon, Taphozous nudiventris, Taphozous theobaldi, taxonomy}, author = {Griffiths, T. A. and Koopman, K. F. and Starrett, A.} } @article {3030, title = {Taxonomy and biogeography of African fruit bats (Mammalia, Megachiroptera). 3. The genera Scotonycteris Matschie, 1894, Casinycteris Thomas, 1910, Pteropus Brisson, 1762, and Eidolon Rafinesque, 1815}, journal = {Beaufortia}, volume = {40}, number = {7}, year = {1991}, month = {1991 [for 1990]}, pages = {111-177}, abstract = {The genera Scotonycteris Matschie, 1984, Casinycteris Thomas, 1910, Pteropus Brisson, 1762 and Eidolon Rafinesque, 1815 are characterized. An effort is made to assess the possible relationship between the genera Scotonycteris and Casinycteris. Within Scotonycteris zenkeri Matschie, 1894 a number of geographically disjunct or probably disjunct and morphologically distinct populations groups are recognized. The available material of Scotonycteris ophiodon Pohle, 1943 suggests that this species may also consist of a number of geographically disjunct and possibly morphologically distinguishable groups. Its distribution shadows that of S. zenkeri. The genus Casinycteris and the nature and function of its peculiarly shortened bony palate are discussed, in relation to the condition of the postdental palate in Neopteryx Hayman, 1946. The genus Pteropus and its species inhibiting islands in the western part of the Indian Ocean are treated less extensively than the other African fruit bats. It is shown that subspecific divisions in P. rufus E. Geoffroy St.-Hilaire, 1903 cannot be maintained, consequently P. r. princeps Andersen, 1908 is synonymized with P. rufus. The type locality of P. seychellensis Milne Edwards, 1877 is identified as the Island of Mariane - an altogether new locality for the species. P. s. seychellensis and P. s. comorensis M. J. Nicoll, 1908 are more closely related than formerly recognized, whereas P. aldabrensis True, 1893, is more distant and considered a good species instead of a subspecies of P. seychellensis. The genus Eidolon shows agreement with Rousettus Gray, 1821 in braincase deflection and morphology. E. helvum (Kerr, 1792) is shown to be practically absent from the Sudan woodland zone south of the Sahara, and most probably from eastern Ethiopia and the Horn of Africa, and only very locally distributed in central East Africa and in most of southern Africa. The alleged monotypy of the genus Eidolon is shown to be based on a misinterpretation of the literature. The form described from Madagascar, Eidolon dupreanum (Pollen, 1867) is considered an independent species.}, keywords = {Africa, Casinycteris argynnis, Chiroptera, Eidolon dupreanum, Eidolon helvum, Indian Ocean, Madagascar, Pteropodidae, Pteropus aldabrensis, Pteropus livingstonii, Pteropus niger, Pteropus rodricensis, Pteropus rufus, Pteropus seychellensis, Pteropus subniger, Pteropus voeltzkowi, revision, Scotonycteris ophiodon, Scotonycteris zenkeri, systematics, Vegetation, zoogeography}, author = {Bergmans, W.} } @article {3141, title = {Validation of subcutaneous temperature as a measure of deep body temperature in small bats}, journal = {J. Zool. (Lond.)}, volume = {224}, number = {2}, year = {1991}, month = {1991}, pages = {315-318}, keywords = {body temperature, Chiroptera, day roosts, Mammalia, methods, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus schreibersii, physiology, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus capensis, roosting behaviour, South Africa, subcutaneous temperature, thermoregulation, torpor}, author = {Brown, C. R. and Bernard, R. T. F.} } @article {2905, title = {Zoogeographical notes on Moroccan bat fauna}, journal = {Myotis}, volume = {29}, year = {1991}, month = {1991}, pages = {83-90}, abstract = {Twenty seven species of bats are presently listed from Morocco. Five main pattern of distribution are observed, they can be sensibly linked with the main climatic zones of the country. The biogeographical origin of the Moroccan bat fauna is diversified (8 faunic types), but there are mainly Palaearctic-boreal (11) and mediterrean (8) species according to the general climate. Concerning bats, Morocco, and the whole Maghreb, is closely similar to Western Europe. Bats are really good zoogeographical informers.}, keywords = {biogeography, Chiroptera, climate, distribution, Europe, Mammalia, Mediterranean, Morocco, North Africa, Palaearctic}, author = {Aulagnier, S.} } @article {2923, title = {An annotated check list of the land mammal fauna of the West Coast National Park}, journal = {Koedoe}, volume = {33}, number = {1}, year = {1990}, month = {1990}, pages = {1-18}, abstract = {Some 4 000 barn owl pellets with small mammal remains have been collected over a period of nine years from two locations at the south end of the Langebaan lagoon. Two small samples of bones from archaeological sites on the Churchhaven peninsula provide evidence for past mammal occurrences. The remains of small mammals from the owl pellet collections provide an initial list of 18 species that occur within theWest Coast National Park. Subsequent conventional censusing by means of trapping and observational techniques to assess the small and large mammal species diversity of the area were conducted during 1989. This study documents the definite occurrence of 63 mammal species in the park, seven of which are exotics. The presence of a further five species requires confirmation. Interesting insight is gained into how direct censusing and owl pellet analyses augment each other in establishing the presence of small mammal taxa of an area.}, keywords = {Aves, Chiroptera, Eptesicus hottentotus, Mammalia, Molossidae, Neoromicia capensis, Nycteridae, Nycteris thebaica, predation, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus capensis, Rhinolophus clivosus, Rodentia, South Africa, Strigiformes, Tadarida aegyptiaca, Tyto alba, Tytonidae, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Avery, D. M. and Rautenbach, I. L. and Randall, R. M.} } @article {3777, title = {The bats (Chiroptera) of Malawi, Central Africa: Checklist and keys for identification}, journal = {Nyala}, volume = {14}, number = {2}, year = {1990}, month = {1990b}, pages = {89-112}, keywords = {checklist, Chiroptera, Flederm{\"a}use, identification key, Malawi, Mammalia, Pteropodidae, Southern Africa, species richness}, author = {Happold, D. C. D. and Happold, M.} } @article {4945, title = {Chromosomes of five species of vespertilionid bats from Africa}, journal = {J. Mamm.}, volume = {71}, number = {1}, year = {1990}, month = {1990}, pages = {94-100}, abstract = {Herein, we present karyotypes of five species of African vespertilionids. These include the first reported karyotypes for Nycticeius schlieffenii, Scotophilus nux, and Miniopterus inflatus. Differentially stained karyotypes are presented for S. dinganii and S. nux, showing lack of interspecific variation. Results of these investigations increase understanding of the patterns of chromosomal evolution within the Vespertilionidae.}, keywords = {Cameroon, Chiroptera, chromosomes, evolution, Flederm{\"a}use, genetics, karyotypes, Mammalia, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus inflatus, Namibia, Nycticeinops schlieffenii, phylogeny, Scotophilus dinganii, Scotophilus nux, Scotophilus viridis, Somalia, South Africa, speciation, species richness, systematics, taxonomy, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Ruedas, L. A. and Lee jr., T. E. and Bickham, J. W. and Schlitter, D. A.} } @article {3593, title = {Comparative macro- and microanatomy of the stomach in macroglossine bats (Megachiroptera: Pteropodidae)}, journal = {J. Mamm.}, volume = {71}, number = {4}, year = {1990}, month = {1990}, pages = {555-565}, abstract = {Stomachs of a single species from each of four genera of macroglossine bats were examined grossly and histologically. Newly reported features in bats include follicular-esophageal glands in Melonycteris, and deep invaginations of the gastric wall into the stomach lumina of all species studied. Many features of gross gastric morphology and mucosal histology are strikingly similar to those of the ecologically analogous New World glossophagines (Microchiroptera: Phyllostomidae), suggesting convergent evolution in conjunction with diet in these nectar- and pollen-feeding taxa.}, keywords = {anatomy, Chiroptera, Eonycteris spelaea, Macroglossus lagochilus, Megaloglossus woermanni, Melonycteris melanops, morphology, Pteropodidae}, author = {Forman, G. L.} } @article {2792, title = {Detection of rabies virus antibodies in fruit bats (Eidolon helvum) from Nigeria}, journal = {J. Wildl. Dis.}, volume = {26}, number = {2}, year = {1990}, month = {1990}, pages = {258-261}, abstract = {Fruit bats (Eidolon helvum) were collected from three different localities in western Nigeria: Oti, Ibadan and Idanre. Fifty serum samples were analyzed using a modified rapid fluorescent focus inhibition technique against rabies, Mokola, Lagos bat and Duvenhage viruses. Twenty-five brain samples were screened for rabies and related lyssavirus antigens by direct fluorescent antibody microscopy and by an indirect fluorescent antibody technique with rabies anti-nucleocapsid monoclonal antibodies. All brain samples were negative. Two serum samples had relatively high anti-rabies activity; no neutralizing activity was detected against Mokola, Lagos bat or Duvenhage viruses.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Eidolon helvum, infectious diseases, lyssaviruses, Nigeria, parasitism, Pteropodidae, rabies, virology, West Africa}, author = {Aghomo, H. O. and Ako-Nai, A. K. and Oduye, O. O. and Tomori, O. and Rupprecht, C. E.} } @article {3764, title = {Die Waldohreule (Asio otus) in {\"a}gypten}, journal = {Bonn. zool. Beitr.}, volume = {41}, number = {3-4}, year = {1990}, month = {1990}, pages = {171-179}, abstract = {First summer observations and breeding evidence of long-eared owls (Asio otus) from the Nile Valley in Egypt are given. Analysis of pellets from Egypt proved that the average prey-weight is somewhat similar to that of Middle Europe but far less than in long-eared owls (Asio (otus) abyssinicus) from Ethiopia.}, keywords = {Asellia tridens, Asio otus, Aves, body mass, Chiroptera, Egypt, Hipposideridae, Mammalia, North Africa, Nycteridae, Nycteris thebaica, owl pellets, Pipistrellus kuhlii, predation, prey, Pteropodidae, reproduction, Rodentia, Rousettus aegyptiacus, Soricidae, Strigidae, Strigiformes, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Handwerk, J.} } @article {3776, title = {The domiciles, reproduction, social organization and sex ratio of the banana bat Pipistrellus nanus (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) in Malawi, Central Africa}, journal = {Z. S{\"a}ugetierk.}, volume = {55}, number = {3}, year = {1990}, month = {1990c}, pages = {145-160}, abstract = {Investigated were the domiciles, reproduction, social organisation and sex ratios of the Banana Bat, Pipistrellus nanus, in Malawi. The bats were taken from furled banana leaves at fortnightly or monthly intervals from September 1984 to June 1985. The furled leaves were ephemeral domiciles lasting one to three days. A surplus of domiciles was always available. Females were monoestrus with the birth of twins in November and lactation lasted about eight weeks. The testes in males were scrotal from April to October, and attained maximal size in May. During lactation adult males roosted single, while females with their young roosted singly or in maternity groups. Post-lactating females roosted singly or with groups of subadults and/or other post-lactating females, and the adult males continued to roost singly. In April, by which time the testes of all males have become scrotal, all bats were assumed to have reached sexual maturity and they began to live in harems (one adult male with one or more females). An equal number of males and females were born, but females outnumbered males for at least seven months of the year. The data from Malawi are compared with data from Kenya (O{\textquoteright}Shea 1980), South Africa (LaVal and LaVal 1977), and elsewhere. Geographical variation in domiciles and reproduction, and the relationships between different aspects of the biology of P. nanus, are discussed.}, keywords = {behaviour, Chiroptera, ecology, Flederm{\"a}use, habitat preferences, Hangpl{\"a}tze, harem, Malawi, Mammalia, mating systems, Musa, Neoromicia nana, parental care, plants, reproduction, roosting behaviour, seasonality, social behaviour, social organization, Southern Africa, Vegetation, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Happold, D. C. D. and Happold, M.} } @article {2787, title = {Donn{\'e}es r{\'e}centes sur les Mammif{\`e}res de l{\textquoteright}Adrar des Iforas (Mali)}, journal = {Mammalia}, volume = {54}, number = {3}, year = {1990}, month = {1990}, pages = {472-477}, abstract = {The Adrar des Iforas, in Mali, is zoologically a poorly known massif. Located in Southern Sahara, and with some 100 mm annual rainfall, it retains some elements of the Ethiopian fauna. In 50 years, largest mammals disappeared almost completely through the combined effect of drought, gun and car. Only Barbary sheep, Ammotragus lervia, common gazelle, Gazella dorcas, and striped hyaena, Hyaena striata, remain there. Three bat species were recently caught: Nycteris thebaica (first record for Mali), Asellia tridens (first record for Mali), and Nycticeius schlieffeni. Three rodents species, too, were hand-caught: the Southern gundi Massoutiera mzabi (first record in Mali, where it was expected, as it is known from nearly Hoggar), the small sand gerbil, Gerbillus gerbillus, and the Nile rat, Arvicanthis sp. (northernmost capture in Mali for this genus).}, keywords = {Asellia tridens, Chiroptera, distribution, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, Hipposideridae, Mammalia, Mauritania, Niger, Nycteridae, Nycteris thebaica, Nycticeinops schlieffenii, Senegal, Verbreitung, Vespertilionidae, West Africa}, url = {Ag Sidiy{\`e}ne \& Tranier 1990.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mamm.1990.54.3.471}, author = {Ag Sidiy{\`e}ne, E. and Tranier, M.} } @book {4300, title = {Faune du Sahara. 2. Mammif{\`e}res}, year = {1990}, month = {1990}, pages = {359}, publisher = {Lechevalier - R. Chabaud}, organization = {Lechevalier - R. Chabaud}, address = {Paris}, keywords = {Chiroptera, deserts, distribution, Mammalia, Mauritania, Niger, North Africa, Sahara}, author = {Le Berre, M.} } @article {2927, title = {Fine structure of subendocardial (Purkinje) cells of the insect-eating bat (Pipistrellus pipistrellus)}, journal = {J. Anat.}, volume = {173}, year = {1990}, month = {1990}, pages = {37-42}, abstract = {Subendocardial cells of the right ventricular myocardium of the West African bat, Pipistrellus pipistrellus, were investigated at the ultrastructural level. The prominent features of these cells include a well-developed T-tubule system and numerous mitochondria with closely packed cristae. Additionally, the cells display large stores of lipid bodies. These unusual features confirm that Purkinje cells are heterogeneous in structural detail.From the paucity and poor structure of myofibrils of these cells, it is likely that the T-tubules may have a primary nutritional role in the regulation of electrolytes in an animal in which the cardiac cycle is particularly rapid. The well-developed mitochondria and the large stores of lipid bodies are appropriate for such active cells in which metabolism is probably of the aerobic type.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Ghana, Pipistrellus pipistrellus, Vespertilionidae, West Africa}, author = {Ayettey, A. S. and Tagoe, C. N. B. and Yates, R. D.} } @article {3572, title = {Foraging behavior and prey selection by large slit-faced bats (Nycteris grandis; Chiroptera: Nycteridae)}, journal = {Biotropica}, volume = {22}, number = {1}, year = {1990}, month = {1990}, pages = {2-8}, abstract = {Analysis of prey remains from beneath feeding perches in Mana Pools National Park in Zimbabwe between 1 March 1987 and 30 April 1988, showed that Nycteris grandis fed mainly on frogs, bats, and arthropods, and occasionally took birds and fish. There was marked seasonal variation in the prey taken, with bats and frogs dominating the biomass at different times. In November 1987, all-night radio-tracking over 15 bat nights revealed significant differences in habitat use between individuals, with one bat foraging along and over the Zambezi River, and another foraging in Acacia albida woodland and over the river. The bats alternated between foraging from continuous flight and making short flights from perches, although foraging over the river usually entailed continuous flight. Significant differences in the use of these foraging strategies between 1987 and an earlier study coincided with differences in November rainfall, and a drastic reduction in the amount of food the bats consumed daily.}, keywords = {Beutespektrum, Biotopwahl, carnivory, Chiroptera, diet, feeding habits, Flederm{\"a}use, foraging, Hangpl{\"a}tze, Nahrungsspektrum, Nahrungswahl, Nycteridae, Nycteris grandis, opportunistic feeder, roosting behaviour, Southern Africa, Zimbabwe}, author = {Fenton, M. B. and Swanepoel, C. M. and Brigham, R. M. and Cabek, J. and Hickey, M. B. C.} } @article {3550, title = {The foraging behaviour and ecology of animal-eating bats}, journal = {Can. J. Zool.}, volume = {68}, number = {3}, year = {1990}, month = {1990}, pages = {411-422}, abstract = {The results of recent studies of the foraging behaviour of animal-eating bats are considered in this review. The advent of small (< 1 g) radio transmitters has made it possible to collect data on individual variations in foraging behaviour for species with body mass over 15 g. These data can be combined with those from wing morphology and echolocation call design to assess the flexibility achieved by some bats. The information concerning bats can be placed in a broader perspective by considering it in the light of current ideas about foraging theory. In this review, information about bat foraging is considered in the context of structural and functional features, the former relating to bats{\textquoteright} access to habitats of different complexity and the latter to their behavioural responses. Mechanical features involving wing morphology and perceptual features, such as the ability of echolocating bats to deal with clutter, combine to influence the behavioural flexibility of individuals. This, in turn, affects access to prey and patterns of community structure. Bats relying on airborne prey appear to be limited to small prey items, whereas those hunting nonairborne targets may take much larger prey. Variation in individual behaviour means that terms such as gleaning, perch hunting, piscivory, and carnivory do not accurately define the foraging of animal-eating bats. Morphological and behavioural data suggest that sympatric animal-eating bats of similar size will show considerable overlap in prey taken and in patterns of habitat use.}, keywords = {behaviour, Beutespektrum, biodiversity, Chiroptera, communities, competition, diet, echolocation, ecology, feeding habits, Flederm{\"a}use, food distribution, guilds, habitat preferences, Mammalia, morphology, Nahrung, Nahrungsspektrum, Nahrungswahl, niche overlap, optimal foraging, prey detection, review, species richness, sympatric, Vegetation}, author = {Fenton, M. B.} } @article {4446, title = {Foraging ecology of bats observed at De Hoop Provincial Nature Reserve, southern Cape Province}, journal = {S. Afr. J. Wildl. Res.}, volume = {20}, number = {4}, year = {1990}, month = {1990a}, pages = {133-145}, abstract = {Prey preferences, foraging strategies, foraging zones, activity regimes and habitat selections of the five species of insectivorous bats at the Guano Cave on the De Hoop Provincial Nature Reserve, were investigated. It is evident that the cave is used on a seasonal basis by the different species. A measure of temporal and spatial separation of resources between species could be demonstrated, particularly of airspace and prey, and this differentiation correlates with differences in specific wing morphology and echolocation attributes. It would appear that bats do not feed extensively over nearby wheat fields, and available evidence suggests that the potentially deleterious effect of insecticide poisoning does not presently seem to be a major threat to the bat populations.}, keywords = {activity patterns, behaviour, Beutespektrum, Chiroptera, communities, conservation, diet, echolocation, ecology, feeding habits, Flederm{\"a}use, food distribution, foraging, habitat preferences, Mammalia, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus schreibersii, Myotis tricolor, Nahrung, Nahrungsspektrum, Nahrungswahl, Nycteridae, Nycteris thebaica, predation pressure, prey selection, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus capensis, Rhinolophus clivosus, seasonality, South Africa, speciation, sympatric, Vespertilionidae, wing morphology}, author = {McDonald, J. T. and Rautenbach, I. L. and Nel, J. A. J.} } @article {4835, title = {Home range and activity of African goshawks Accipiter tachiro in relation to their predation on bats}, journal = {Koedoe}, volume = {33}, number = {2}, year = {1990}, month = {1990}, pages = {17-22}, abstract = {Winter radio-tracking of three African goshawks Accipiter tachiro showed that they each occupied well-wooded home ranges of at least 28 hectares. They perched and roosted mainly within densely foliaged trees and an adult female changed perches on average 4.7 times per hour. No crepuscular predation of bats was recorded, in contrast to regular summer predation on colonies of little free-tailed bats, Tadarida pumila, but winter emergence rates of these bats at dusk had dropped to =< 5\% of the previous summer. We predict that many accipiters will be regular predators of bats and that skewed sex ratios and high fecundity may be two means by which bats counter this predation.}, keywords = {activity patterns, Aves, behaviour, Beutespektrum, Chaerephon pumilus, Chiroptera, diet, ecology, Flederm{\"a}use, foraging, Hangpl{\"a}tze, Kruger-National Park, Mammalia, Molossidae, Nahrung, predation pressure, predator avoidance, prey selection, reproduction, roosting behaviour, roosts, South Africa, telemetry}, author = {Rautenbach, I. L. and Fenton, M. B. and Kemp, A. C. and van Jaarsveld, S. J.} } @article {4566, title = {Eptesicus (Eptesicus) bottae (Peters 1869) in Saudi Arabia with notes on its subspecies and distribution (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)}, journal = {Senckenbergiana biol.}, volume = {70}, number = {1/3}, year = {1990}, month = {1990 [for 1989]}, pages = {1-13}, abstract = {Eptesicus bottae is an additional species to the bat fauna of Saudi Araibai and data for the nominate subspecies are given for the first time since its original description. Additional measurements and notes are given for recognition of the known subspecies innesi, hingstoni, anatolicus (new material), taftanimontis, and ognevi (new material); lists of synonyms are attempted for these subspecies and their distribution is mapped. Data on reproductive activity are included. E. hingstoni collected at Shanna/SE-Arabia actually represents E. nasutus; E. nilssoni recorded for Iraq had been re-identified as E. bottae.}, keywords = {Arabia, Chiroptera, distribution, Eptesicus bottae, Eptesicus nasutus, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, Mammalia, morphology, reproduction, Saudi Arabia, systematics, taxonomy, Verbreitung, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Nader, I. A. and Kock, D.} } @article {4255, title = {Hypsignathus monstrosus}, journal = {Mammalian Species}, number = {357}, year = {1990}, month = {1990}, pages = {1-4}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, Hypsignathus monstrosus, Pteropodidae, review}, author = {Langevin, P. and Barclay, R. M. R.} } @article {5045, title = {An investigation of the diet of Verreaux{\textquoteright}s eagle owl, Bubo lacteus, and the barn owl, Tyto alba, at Lake Naivasha, Kenya}, journal = {Afr. J. Ecol.}, volume = {28}, number = {2}, year = {1990}, month = {1990}, pages = {153-156}, keywords = {Aves, Bubo lacteus, Chiroptera, diet, East Africa, Kenya, Mammalia, predation, prey, Rodentia, Soricidae, Strigiformes, Tyto alba}, url = {Smart \& Taylor 1990.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2028.1990.tb01148.x}, author = {Smart, A. C. and Taylor, C.} } @book {5042, title = {The Mammals of the Southern African Subregion}, year = {1990}, month = {1990}, publisher = {University of Pretoria}, organization = {University of Pretoria}, address = {Pretoria}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Mammalia, Southern Africa}, author = {Skinner, J. D. and Smithers, R. H. N.} } @article {4463, title = {Mating system of the bat Miniopterus minor (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in Kenya, East Africa: A lek?}, journal = {Ethology}, volume = {85}, number = {4}, year = {1990}, month = {1990}, pages = {302-312}, abstract = {The mating system of a migratory bat, Miniopterus minor, was studied in coastal Kenya, East Africa. Although this small (6.3 g) cavernicolous bat is not sexually dimorphic in size, aggregations of males secreted a pungent odour during their annual occupation of a particular erosion hollow, which appeared to function as a lek. This site was monopolized, for some two months before mating, by a group of about 30 adult males that were highly site specific for the cave. These bats were heavier than unsuccessful males and, having occupied the lek one year, were more likely to gain access to it in subsequent years. Potential determinants of the mating system are discussed in relation to observations of other miniopterene bats.}, keywords = {behaviour, caves, Chiroptera, courtship behaviour, day roosts, East Africa, Flederm{\"a}use, Kenya, lek mating, lekking, Mammalia, mating success, mating systems, migration, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus minor, reproduction, roosting behaviour, social behaviour, social organization, territoriality}, url = {McWilliam 1990.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.1990.tb00409.x}, author = {McWilliam, A. N.} } @article {3125, title = {New distribution records for four mammal species, with notes on their taxonomy and ecology}, journal = {Koedoe}, volume = {33}, number = {2}, year = {1990}, month = {1990}, pages = {1-7}, abstract = {New distribution records for four small mammal species (Georychus capensis, Galerella pulverulenta, Rhinolophus swinnyi and Amblysomus julinanae) are presented, along with relevant notes on the taxonomy, karyology and ecology of these species.}, keywords = {Amblysomus julianae, Bathyergidae, Carnivora, Chiroptera, Chrysochloridae, distribution, Georychus capensis, Herpestes pulverulenta, Mammalia, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus swinnyi, Rodentia, South Africa, Viverridae}, author = {Bronner, G. N.} } @article {5306, title = {A new species, males and immature stages of Ancystropus with reference to apomorphic characters and their mode of development (Acarina: Spinturnicidae)}, journal = {Japanese Journal of Sanitary Zoology}, volume = {41}, number = {1}, year = {1990}, month = {1990}, pages = {29-49}, abstract = {Ancystropus notopteris sp. n. is described on the adult and immature stages. The males of all known species of Ancystropus except A. leleupi and the immature stages of A. kanheri, A. eonycteris, A. zeleborii and A. taprobanius are described or redescribed. Apomorphic characters of Ancystropus are evaluated, and are thought to have come out through sympatric speciations of mites on a few hosts independent of host speciations.}, keywords = {Acari, Africa, Ancystropus notopteris sp. nov., Angola, Arachnida, Chiroptera, Congo (Kinshasa), ectoparasites, Egypt, Epomops franqueti, identification key, parasitism, Pteropodidae, Rousettus aegyptiacus, Spinturnicidae}, author = {Uchikawa, K.} } @article {3736, title = {Pollination by bats and non-flying mammals of the African tree Parkia bicolor (Mimosaceae)}, journal = {Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden}, volume = {55}, year = {1990}, note = {Symposium on Reproductive Biology and Evolution of Tropical Woody Angiosperms held at the XIVth International Botanical Congress, Berlin, West Germany, 1987}, month = {1990}, pages = {83-104}, keywords = {activity patterns, animal-plant interactions, behaviour, Cameroon, Central Africa, Chiroptera, diet, ecology, feeding habits, flowers, food distribution, foraging, Galago, Graphiurus, Korup-National Park, Lissonycteris angolensis, Mammalia, Megaloglossus woermanni, morphology, Nahrung, Nahrungswahl, nectarivory, Parkia bicolor, Perodicticus potto, plants, pollination, Primates, prosimians, Pteropodidae, Rodentia, Rousettus aegyptiacus, Vegetation}, author = {Gr{\"u}nmeier, R.} } @article {5338, title = {Polytocy in the Cape serotine bat Eptesicus capensis (A. Smith 1829) from the southern African subregion.}, journal = {S. Afr. J. Zool.}, volume = {25}, number = {3}, year = {1990}, month = {1990}, pages = {200-203}, abstract = {Polytocy is described in the Cape serotine bat, Eptesicus capensis, and discussed in relation to the occurrence of multiple births in other microchiropteran bat species in the southern African subregion. Although twins appear to be characteristic of the Cape serotine bat, triplets and even the occasional quadruplets occur.}, keywords = {[Neoromicia] Eptesicus capensis, Chiroptera, litter size, number of offspring, reproduction, South Africa, Vespertilionidae}, author = {van der Merwe, M.} } @article {3627, title = {Record of Hipposideros (Syndesmotis) megalotis (Heuglin) in Saudi Arabia}, journal = {Mammalia}, volume = {54}, number = {4}, year = {1990}, month = {1990}, pages = {653-654}, keywords = {Africa, Arabia, Chiroptera, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros megalotis, Saudi Arabia}, url = {Gaucher \& Brosset 1990.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mamm.1990.54.4.653}, author = {Gaucher, P. and Brosset, A.} } @article {5349, title = {Reproduction in the rusty bat, Pipistrellus rusticus, in the northern Transvaal bushveld, South Africa}, journal = {J. Reprod. Fert.}, volume = {89}, number = {2}, year = {1990}, month = {1990}, pages = {537-542}, abstract = {Rusty bats are seasonally monoestrous and give birth to twins during November. Spermatozoa are present in the epididymides from March to August but absent from the testes from April until September. Males thus store spermatozoa in the epididymis for 5 months of the year (April-August). Mating is initiated during April with uterine horns exhibiting a 3-fold increase in sperm volume between April and July samples. It is concluded that ovulation and fertilization occur during the second half of August. Up to 5 conceptuses per female were recorded, but a maximum of only 2 implantations was observed.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Pipistrellus rusticus, reproduction, South Africa, sperm storage, Vespertilionidae}, author = {van der Merwe, M. and Rautenbach, I. L.} } @article {3775, title = {Reproductive strategies of bats in Africa}, journal = {J. Zool. (Lond.)}, volume = {222}, number = {4}, year = {1990}, month = {1990a}, pages = {557-583}, abstract = {The reproduction of 37 species of bats from Malawi was investigated, and the strategies (litter size and chronology) of seven species were determined. Reproduction was then related to rainfall and (if possible) abundance of food. Strategies of Malawian bats were compared with strategies of bats from six other African environments with different patterns of rainfall and availability of food. Monotocous species are numerous and found in all environments, but there are few polytocous species and polytocy has not been recorded in some environments. Ten reproductive chronologies (distinguished by the timing of parturition in relation to season, the presence of reproductive synchrony, the number of pregnancies/year, and the presence or absence of post-partum oestrus) were recognized in African bats. The number and kind of chronologies occurring in different environments is variable. Four chronologies have been recorded in fruit-bats; intraspecific variability is rare, possibly because fluctuations in the abundance of fruit are comparatively small in the environments where most species of fruit-bats are found. Reproductive inflexibility may explain why most fruit-bats do not exploit diverse environments. Eight chronologies have been recorded in insect-eating bats. These bats show more interspecific and intraspecific variability than fruit-bats, probably because seasonal differences in the availability of insects are great enough to impose considerable selective pressure on reproduction. Species capable of reproductive flexibility exploit diverse environments.}, keywords = {behaviour, Chiroptera, diet, ecology, evolution, Flederm{\"a}use, frugivory, insectivory, Malawi, Mammalia, mating systems, Nahrung, Pteropodidae, reproduction, seasonality, Southern Africa, theory}, author = {Happold, D. C. D. and Happold, M.} } @article {4447, title = {Roosting requirements and behaviour of five bat species at De Hoop Guano Cave, southern Cape Province of South Africa}, journal = {S. Afr. J. Wildl. Res.}, volume = {20}, number = {4}, year = {1990}, month = {1990b}, pages = {157-161}, abstract = {The roosting requirements and behaviour of five obligatory cave-dwelling bats occurring in the De Hoop Guano Cave, is reported. A measure of interspecific temporal and spatial partitioning of this resource is demonstrable. The cave is characterized by structural and thermal complexity, and was found to be an important breeding site for two species during summer, whereas it served as winter residence for the other three. M. schreibersii was by far the most abundant species, and predominated in the warmest sections of the cave, where it further modified temperatures towards optimal levels.}, keywords = {caves, Chiroptera, day roosts, Mammalia, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus schreibersii, Myotis tricolor, Nycteridae, Nycteris thebaica, partitioning, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus capensis, Rhinolophus clivosus, roosting, South Africa, Vespertilionidae}, author = {McDonald, J. T. and Rautenbach, I. L. and Nel, J. A. J.} } @article {2799, title = {Roosting, vocalizations, and foraging behaviour by the African bat, Nycteris thebaica}, journal = {J. Mamm.}, volume = {71}, number = {2}, year = {1990}, month = {1990}, pages = {242-246}, abstract = {The purpose of this study was to examine certain aspects of the roosting and foraging behavior of Nycteris thebaica under natural conditions. We documented roost selection, vocalizations associated with roosting, and foraging behavior in habitats of different structure. We conducted this study between 3 November and 5 December 1987 in Mana Pools National Park in Zimbabwe.}, keywords = {behaviour, Chiroptera, day roosts, echolocation, ecology, Flederm{\"a}use, foraging, habitat preferences, Mammalia, Mana Pools National Park, Nycteridae, Nycteris thebaica, roosting behaviour, Southern Africa, temperature, Zimbabwe}, author = {Aldridge, H. D. J. N. and Obrist, M. K. and Merriam, H. G. and Fenton, M. B.} } @inbook {3197, title = {Systematic and distributional notes on the larger species of the genus Epomophorus Bennet, 1836 (Chiroptera, Pteropodidae)}, booktitle = {Vertebrates in the Tropics. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Vertebrate Biogeography and Systematics in the Tropics}, year = {1990}, month = {1990}, pages = {177-186}, publisher = {Zool. Forschungsinst. Museum A. Koenig}, organization = {Zool. Forschungsinst. Museum A. Koenig}, address = {Bonn}, abstract = {Based on morphologic, biometric and zoogeographic characters, E. gambianus, E. crypturus and E. angolensis are considered to be well defined species. E. gambianus parvus is a junior synonym of E. crypturus and E. pousarguesi is a junior synonym of E. gambianus. E. wahlbergi is first recorded for Sudan.}, keywords = {Africa, allopatric, Chiroptera, Epomophorus angolensis, Epomophorus crypturus, Epomophorus gambianus, Epomophorus wahlbergi, Faunistik, Mammalia, morphology, Pteropodidae, revision, speciation, species richness, Sudan, sympatric, systematics, taxonomy, zoogeography}, author = {Claessen, C. J. and De Vree, F.}, editor = {Peters, G. and Hutterer, R.} } @article {5428, title = {Westward range extension of Temminck{\textquoteright}s hairy bat in South Africa and Lesotho}, journal = {S. Afr. J. Wildl. Res.}, volume = {20}, number = {3}, year = {1990}, month = {1990b}, pages = {119-120}, abstract = {The recorded distribution of Myotis tricolor in southern Africa is extended 240 km westwards with the collection of two specimens from two localities in the Orange Free State and seven specimens from two localities in Lesotho. The specimens from the Orange Free State are collected in well vegetated areas while those from Lesotho were netted in open grassland. These records are not regarded as vagrants because pregnant and non-pregnant females as well as males were collected at Marakabei. The pregnant female collected at Van Soelenshoek was most probably netted in the vicinity of a maternity cave because the females of this species arrive at maternity caves from mid-August. Some of the females collected in October and November were pregnant, with the female collected in November being near-term.}, keywords = {[Cistugo] Myotis lesueuri, activity patterns, Chiroptera, Cistugidae, distribution, Lesotho, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus schreibersii, Myotis tricolor, reproduction, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus clivosus, Southern Africa, Vegetation, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Watson, J. P.} } @article {3047, title = {The adaptive significance of reproductive delay phenomena in some South African Microchiroptera}, journal = {Mammal Rev.}, volume = {19}, number = {1}, year = {1989}, month = {1989}, pages = {27-34}, abstract = {In the last 8 years, examples of prolonged sperm storage, delayed implantation and retarded embryonic development have been reported from some South temperate Old World Microchiroptera. Consequently some form of reproductive adaptation, in which a period of delay occurs in the reproductive cycle, is one requirement for hibernating bats in subtropical and temperature latitudes. The inclusion of a period of reproductive delay during winter effectively lengthens the reproductive cycle and allows gametogenesis to be initiated in the middle of one summer, and parturition to occur early the following summer. It is suggested that the type of reproductive delay evolved by a species may be related to its pattern of winter activity.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, day roosts, delayed development, delayed implantation, ecology, Flederm{\"a}use, foraging, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros caffer, latitude, Mammalia, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus fraterculus, Miniopterus schreibersii [natalensis], Myotis tricolor, Nycteridae, Nycteris thebaica, reproduction, review, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus capensis, Rhinolophus clivosus, seasonality, South Africa, sperm storage, spermatogenesis, temperate, tropical, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Bernard, R. T. F.} } @article {3629, title = {Are figs keystone resources for tropical frugivorous vertebrates? A test in Gabon}, journal = {Ecology}, volume = {70}, number = {6}, year = {1989}, month = {1989}, pages = {1826-1833}, abstract = {This paper evaluates the suggestion of Terborgh (1986) that figs constitute "keystone plant resources" for frugivorous mammals and birds in African rain forests as they appear to do in South America and Asia. From studies of the diets of monkeys and other mammals and birds in Gabon, we show that figs are infrequently eaten by most species, and are always eaten in small amounts. Figs in Gabon occur at very low densities and have unpredictable fruiting patterns and relatively low crown production. Thus, fig fruits are not staple foods and cannot sustain most populations of frugivorous species during periods of low fruit availability. In Gabon, monkeys and large birds depend on the fruit of two species of Myristicaceae and of one species of Annonaceae. These regularly bear ripe fruit during the lean period and are abundantly consumed. Figs occur in such distant patches that they are mainly fed on by wide-ranging animals such as large frugivorous bats.}, keywords = {animal-plant interactions, Aves, behaviour, Central Africa, Chiroptera, diet, dry season, ecology, feeding habits, Ficus, food distribution, foraging, frugivory, Gabon, Makokou, Mammalia, Moraceae, Nahrung, Nahrungsspektrum, Nahrungswahl, Primates, Pteropodidae, rainforests, seasonality, seed dispersal, succession, Vegetation}, author = {Gautier-Hion, A. and Michaloud, G.} } @article {3111, title = {Arthropod inhabitants of a tropical cave {\textquoteright}island{\textquoteright} environment provisioned by bats}, journal = {Biol. Conservation}, volume = {48}, number = {2}, year = {1989}, month = {1989}, pages = {77-84}, abstract = {The arthropod community associated with an estimated population of 8,000 Rousettus aegyptiacus fruit bats is described. The bats are permanent residents within a 64-m deep split in a sandstone cliff. Transect sampling suggested a floor population in excess of 80,000 Gyna spp. cockroaches. Other cave inhabitants included reduviid bugs preying on the cockroaches, parasitic evaniid and chalcidoid wasps, trogid beetles utilising dead bats, tenebrionid and ptinid beetles, thysanurans, as well as numerous haematophagous argasid ticks and nycteribiid flies using the bats as food source.}, keywords = {Acari, Ancystropus zeleborii, Arachnida, Arthropoda, caves, Chiroptera, Diptera, ectoparasites, Eucampsipoda africana, food webs, Ischnopsyllidae, Kruger National Park, Nycteribiidae, Ornithodoros faini, parasitism, Pteropodidae, Rousettus aegyptiacus, Siphonaptera, South Africa, Spinturnicidae, Thaumapsylla breviceps}, author = {Braack, L. E. O.} } @book {3972, title = {Cat{\'a}logo de Murci{\'e}lagos de las Colecciones del Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales}, year = {1989}, month = {1989 [for 1988]}, pages = {54}, publisher = {Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas: Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales}, organization = {Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas: Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales}, address = {Madrid}, abstract = {This paper shows the results of a revision of the bats collection held in the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales de Madrid, which consists of over 1300 specimens shared by at least 144 species belonging to 11 families. The more interesting specimens are emphasized, those being without doubt the types of the 17 species and subspecies described by Angel Cabrera using the material from this Museum. Of them, they are actually considered as valid names Dobsonia remota, Rhinolophus anderseni, Hipposideros caffer tephrus and Cabreramops aequatorianus although the first species offers some doubts. Their holotypes and paratypes are preserved, at least partially. A careful study of the different groups could make possible the validity of some other names like Rhinolophus carpetanus, R. f. obscurus, Pipistrellus p. rnediterraneus and P. savii ochromixtus. The rest of them are included under synonymy in a rather definitive way.}, keywords = {Africa, Asia, Cabreramops aequatorianus, Chiroptera, Dobsonia remota, Europe, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros caffer tephrus, Molossidae, museum collections, Pteropodidae, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus anderseni, systematics, taxonomy, type specimens}, author = {Ib{\'a}{\~n}ez, C. and Fern{\'a}ndez, R.} } @article {4462, title = {Emergence behaviour of the bat Tadarida (Chaerephon) pumila (Chiroptera: Molossidae) in Ghana, West Africa}, journal = {J. Zool. (Lond.)}, volume = {219}, number = {4}, year = {1989}, month = {1989}, pages = {698-701}, keywords = {Chaerephon pumilus, Chiroptera, clustering, emergence, Ghana, Molossidae, roosting, temporal patterns, West Africa}, author = {McWilliam, A. N.} } @article {3549, title = {Head size and the foraging behaviour of animal-eating bats}, journal = {Can. J. Zool.}, volume = {67}, number = {8}, year = {1989}, month = {1989}, pages = {2029-2035}, abstract = {Regression analysis and analysis of covariance on linear measurements of body size (forearm length), head length (condylocanine length), and length of maxillary toothrow showed significant differences among 245 species of bats in 12 families. The linear measurements of the 194 animal-eating species, namely those in the Emballonuridae, Vespertilionidae, Phyllostominae, Rhinolophidae, and Megadermatidae, showed that species of bats with longer heads had longer maxillary toothrows. The data also showed that some animal-eating bats which are presumed to forage from continuous flight have proportionally shorter heads than species that use sally foraging. Molossids, species specialized for rapid, efficient flight, had longer heads than expected, whereas sally-foraging hipposiderids had shorter heads. I use the data to predict that head length in animal-eating bats affects the size of prey selected.}, keywords = {behaviour, Beutespektrum, body size, Chiroptera, cranium, diet, ecology, feeding habits, Flederm{\"a}use, foraging, Mammalia, morphology, Nahrung, Nahrungsspektrum, skull}, author = {Fenton, M. B.} } @article {3104, title = {Epomophorus gambianus}, journal = {Mammalian Species}, number = {344}, year = {1989}, month = {1989}, pages = {1-5}, keywords = {Africa, behaviour, Chiroptera, diet, ecology, Epomophorus gambianus, habitat preferences, Mammalia, morphology, Pteropodidae, reproduction, review, systematics, taxonomy, zoogeography}, author = {Boulay, M. C. and Robbins, C. B.} } @article {4305, title = {Karyotypes of two nycterid bats from Somalia}, journal = {Mammalia}, volume = {53}, number = {1}, year = {1989}, month = {1989}, pages = {120-121}, keywords = {Chiroptera, chromosomes, evolution, Flederm{\"a}use, genetics, karyotypes, Mammalia, North Africa, Nycteridae, Nycteris hispida, Nycteris macrotis, speciation, systematics, taxonomy}, author = {Lee jr., T. E. and Bickham, J. W. and Schlitter, D. A.} } @inbook {2904, title = {Les chauves-souris (Chiroptera) dans le r{\'e}gime alimentaire des rapaces nocturnes (Strigiformes) au Maroc}, booktitle = {European Bat Research 1987}, year = {1989}, month = {1989}, pages = {457-464}, publisher = {Charles University Press}, organization = {Charles University Press}, address = {Praha}, abstract = {Although bats represent a minor part in owl diets only, as a rule, the records obtained by analyses o owl pellets can often complete the knowledge of their distribution in a substantial way. This concerns, for instance, the Moroccan records of Otonycteris hemprichi and/or Rhinopoma microphyllum.In Morocco, the eagle owl (Bubo ascalaphus) is the most important predator of bats (nearly 1 \% of prey, vertebrates only); Tyto alba takes bats to a lesser extent (less than 1 \%o of prey). The results concerning the other owl species are not significant due to limited sample sizes. It is obvious that Strix aluco, Athene noctua and even Asio capensis that feeds particularly on insects prey, can kill bats (the diet of Asio otus and Otus scops being not documented). Apparently there is no relation between sizes of predator and prey. The habitat type appears to be more significant: owls living in hills and mountains take more often the bats than those inhabiting plains, and more in presaharian areas than in northern Morocco. This may be linked either with the number of bats, as mountains provide many caves and cliffs, or with the density of other available prey; in this point the cultivated plains cannot be compared with steppic hamadas.In total, 60 skulls of 11 species were identified. This is a very incomplete sample of Moroccan bat fauna (26 spp.), but many of them seem so rare (one or two records for each small Myotis spp., for example) that this result is not surprising. Within the sample, Myotis blythi (24) is the most common, followed by Pipistrellus kuhli (9), Asellia tridens (8), Eptesicus serotinus (5), etc. As observed in Europe, too, Rhinolophidae are poorly represented though they are abundant and widely distributed over the country. The absence of Miniopterus schreibersi is also noticeable: since it is common and very often coexists with the mouse-eared bat it must escape from owls. This and the presence of bats living only in narrow cracks show that, as elsewhere, the owls hunt flying animals.}, keywords = {Asellia tridens, Asio capensis, Asio otus, Athene noctua, Aves, Bubo ascalaphus, Chiroptera, diet, Eptesicus serotinus [isabellinus], food, Hipposideridae, Morocco, Myotis blythi [punicus], Myotis mystacinus, North Africa, Nycteridae, Nycteris thebaica, Otonycteris hemprichi, Pipistrellus kuhli, Plecotus austriacus [gaisleri], predation, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus euryale, Rhinolophus mehelyi, Rhinopoma microphyllum, Rhinopomatidae, Strigiformes, Strix aluco, Tyto alba, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Aulagnier, S.}, editor = {Han{\'a}k, V. and Hor{\'a}{\`e}ek, I. and Gaisler, J.} } @article {3244, title = {A list of Angolan Chiroptera with notes on their distribution}, journal = {Garcia de Orta, S{\'e}r. Zool.}, volume = {13}, number = {1-2}, year = {1989}, month = {1989 [for 1986]}, pages = {7-48}, abstract = {Sixty one taxa of bats (most of them species) are listed for Angola. The collecting localities cited in the literature are mentioned for each of them, as well as the material examined, housed in the ex-Centro de Estudos do Lubango, Angola (a department of the ex-Instituto de Investigacao Cientifica de Angola), and in the Centro de Zoologia of the Instituto de Investigacao Cientifica Tropical, in Lisbon. Notes on distribution are also given for many of the taxa. The list is accompanied by distributional maps and is preceded by some introductory zoogeographical considerations.}, keywords = {Angola, Chiroptera, Mammalia, Southern Africa}, author = {Crawford-Cabral, J.} } @article {4075, title = {Liste des Capillaria (Nematoda, Capillariinae) parasites de Mammif{\`e}res africains}, journal = {Bull. Mus. natn. Hist. nat. (4), section A}, volume = {11}, number = {4}, year = {1989}, month = {1989c}, pages = {755-762}, abstract = {Bibliographic check-lists of parasites and their hosts and locality, and lists of hosts and their parasites are given for Capillaria from African mammals, both native and introduced, for captive African mammals in Zoos, from Man in Africa, and also for some experimental infections of laboratory animals of African origin. About 25 species of Capillaria have been reported, from about 50 species of hosts.}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, endoparasites, Mammalia, Miniopterus, Myotis, Nematoda, parasitism, Rhinolophus}, author = {Justine, J.-L.} } @article {5337, title = {Longevity in Schreibers{\textquoteright} long-fingered bat}, journal = {S. Afr. J. Wildl. Res.}, volume = {19}, number = {2}, year = {1989}, month = {1989}, pages = {87-89}, abstract = {Longevity in a hibernating and migratory vespertilionid, Miniopterus schreibersii natalensis, was studied with mark-recapture techniques. Data from this study suggest that 13 years may be the maximum life expectancy of this species in the wild.}, keywords = {age, banding, Chiroptera, life history, longevity, mark-recapture, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus natalensis, South Africa}, author = {van der Merwe, M.} } @article {5348, title = {The male reproductive pattern and histology of the testes of the lesser yellow house bat, Scotophilus borbonicus (E. Geoffroy, 1803) (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)}, journal = {Journal of the South African Veterinary Association}, volume = {60}, number = {2}, year = {1989}, month = {1989}, pages = {83-86}, abstract = {Monthly samples of the testes of the vespertilionid bat, Scotophilus borbonicus were collected, sectioned and examined by light microscopy. Spermatogenesis was prolonged and extended over 8 months, coinciding with spring, summer and autumn. During any particular month only certain spermatogenic cells are present in the seminiferous tubules. The mediastinum is, unlike that of most other mammals, situated towards the caudal border of the testis. This species is eminently suited for the study of the process of spermatocytogenesis.}, keywords = {anatomy, Chiroptera, histology, reproduction, Scotophilus borbonicus, seasonality, South Africa, spermatogenesis, Vespertilionidae}, author = {van der Merwe, M. and Rautenbach, I. L.} } @article {4367, title = {The mammals of the north-eastern Cape Province}, journal = {Mem. nas. Mus., Bloemfontein}, volume = {25}, year = {1989}, month = {1989}, pages = {1-116}, keywords = {biodiversity, Chiroptera, distribution, ecology, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, habitat preferences, Mammalia, morphology, Pteropodidae, South Africa, species richness, systematics, taxonomy, Vegetation, Verbreitung, zoogeography}, author = {Lynch, C. D.} } @article {3872, title = {A new distribution record for the Botswana long-eared bat in South Africa}, journal = {S. Afr. J. Wildl. Res.}, volume = {19}, number = {2}, year = {1989}, month = {1989}, pages = {86-87}, abstract = {A new distribution record for Laephotis botswanae, the Botswana long-eared bat, is reported from the Waterberg area of the north-western Transvaal, based on four specimens collected over seven months. Some observations on the natural history of this species are made.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Laephotis botswanae, South Africa, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Herholdt, E. M.} } @article {5353, title = {Plasma progesterone concentrations in the female Natal clinging bat (Miniopterus schreibersii natalensis)}, journal = {J. Reprod. Fert.}, volume = {87}, number = {2}, year = {1989}, month = {1989}, pages = {665-669}, abstract = {Plasma progesterone concentrations measured by radioimmunoassay in the Natal clinging bat remained below 2.01 ng/ml during lactational anoestrus but increased significantly during the period of delayed implantation. Values peaked at implantation but were followed by a significant decrease thereafter. Concentrations remained low (<6.0 ng/ml) during the initial period of fetal development (153-180 days post coitum) and attained peak values (85.6-181.3 ng/ml) 216-222 days after fertilization. The marked post-implantation increase in progesterone concentrations coincided with a significant increase in placental weight.}, keywords = {breeding, Chiroptera, endocrinology, hormones, implantation, lactation, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus natalensis, physiology, pregnancy, reproduction, seasonality, South Africa}, author = {van der Merwe, M. and Van Aarde, R. J.} } @article {4073, title = {Quatre nouvelles esp{\`e}ces de Capillaria (Nematoda, Capillariinae) parasites de Chiropt{\`e}res du Gabon}, journal = {Bull. Mus. natn. Hist. nat. (4), section A}, volume = {11}, number = {3}, year = {1989}, note = {published in 1990?}, month = {1989b}, pages = {535-561}, abstract = {Four new species of Capillaria, parasites of microchiropterans, are described from Gabon. Three species share: two latero-caudal alae, a membranous caudal bursa and a non-spiny cirrus in the male; presence of a vulvar appendage and eggs with smooth surfaces in the female. Capillaria landauae n. sp. is found in the intestines and stomach of Rhinolophus silvestris. The male has a thin, transversally straited spicule 650 {\`{\i}m in length, and a small membranous caudal bursa which surrounds two forked protrusions; the female has an ovary provided with a posterior fibrous expansion and a small median bacillary band in addition to the two usual lateral bands. C. brosseti n. sp. is found in the intestines of Rhinolophus landeri. The male has a non-sclerified, almost invisible spicule 300 {\`{\i}m in length, a cloaca with a powerful internal cuticle, and a large caudal membranous bursa which surrounds two massive protrusions each of which bears three papillae. C. gabonensis n. sp., found in the intestines of R. landeri, is similar to C. brosseti but is distinguished by the shape of stichocytes and the egg dimensions. A fourth species, C. magnova n. sp., is found in the stomach of Miniopterus inflatus, and is described only from females. This species also has a vulvar appendage and it is distinguished from the three above species by its eggs, which have greater dimensions and bear polar striations. The existence of non-sclerified spicules in C. brosseti and C. gabonensis (probably also found in other species) and which are only visible with a microscope equipped with Nomarski interference contrast is considered to be an argument against the validity of the genus Skrjabinocapillaria Skarbilovitsch, 1946.}, keywords = {Aonchotheca, Central Africa, Chiroptera, Gabon, Mammalia, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus inflatus, parasites, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus landeri, Rhinolophus silvestris, species description}, author = {Justine, J.-L.} } @article {3774, title = {Reproduction of Angola free-tailed bats (Tadarida condylura) and little free-tailed bats (Tadarida pumila) in Malawi (Central Africa) and elsewhere in Africa}, journal = {J. Reprod. Fert.}, volume = {85}, number = {1}, year = {1989}, month = {1989b}, pages = {133-149}, abstract = {Angola free-tailed bats and little free-tailed bats occur in diverse habitats throughout most of Africa south of the Sahara. This study investigated the reproductive strategies and related biology of these species in Malawi where they were sympatric, and analysed data from elsewhere in Africa to show how the strategies varied along a gradient of habitats from approximately 12{\textdegree}N to 25{\textdegree}S. Both the Angola free-tailed bat and the little free-tailed bat were normally monotocous. Angola free-tailed bats invariably had 2 births/year, and the interval between consecutive births decreased with increasing latitude. When the interval was shortest (~90 days) a post-partum estrus occurred. Little free-tailed bats differed by having a shorter gestation (~60 days), and the ability to have up to 5births/year with a postpartum estrus after each birth. The extent to which this potential is achieved varies with latitude and rainfall, mainly so that lactation can coincide with peaks in the abundance of food. The interaction between rainfall and reproductive characteristics results in the two species having patterns of reproduction which are sometimes similar, but more often different. Competition between the species is unlikely to be affected by differences in their reproduction.}, keywords = {behaviour, Biotopwahl, Chaerephon pumilus, Chiroptera, ecology, Flederm{\"a}use, Malawi, Mammalia, Molossidae, Mops condylurus, reproduction, seasonality, Southern Africa, wet season}, author = {Happold, D. C. D. and Happold, M.} } @article {5310, title = {Revision of the genera Hipposiderobia, Triaenomyobia, and Binunculoides (Acarina: Myobiidae) associated mainly with the chiropteran family Hipposideridae (Mammalia)}, journal = {J. Parasitol.}, volume = {75}, number = {6}, year = {1989}, month = {1989}, pages = {875-891}, abstract = {The 3 myobiid genera, Hipposiderobia, Triaenomyobia, and Binunculoides are redefined on the basis of recently acquired knowledge of chiropteran Myobiidae. The genus Hipposiderobia is divided into the nominate subgenus and new subgenus Orientobia represented by 6 and 9 species, respectively. Two new species and a new synonymy within the genus Hipposiderobia are presented. The genera Triaenomyobia and Binunculoides are still monotypic. Measurements and key characters for all species of those genera are tabulated. The following species are discussed: H. indochinensis sp. nov., H. heteronycha, H. rhinopomatos sp. nov., H. assellicus, H. afra, and B. boendeensis, and T. triaenops.}, keywords = {Acari, Africa, Arachnida, Asellia tridens, Aselliscus stoliczkanus, Aselliscus tricuspidatus, Burkina Faso, Chad, Chiroptera, Congo (Kinshasa), ectoparasites, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Hipposideridae, Hipposiderobia afra, Hipposiderobia heteronycha, Hipposiderobia rhinopomatos sp. nov., Hipposideros abae, Hipposideros beatus, Hipposideros caffer centralis, Hipposideros commersoni gigas, Hipposideros commersoni marungensis [vittatus], Hipposideros fuliginosus, Hipposideros jonesi, Hipposideros megalotis, Hipposideros ruber, host-parasite coevolution, Kenya, Mammalia, Morocco, Mozambique, Myobiidae, parasitism, Rhinopoma cystops, Rhinopoma hardwickii arabium, Rhinopomatidae, Sudan, Tanzania, taxonomy, Triaenomyobia triaenops, Triaenops afra [afer], Triaenops persicus [afer], Uganda, Zambia, Zanzibar}, author = {Uchikawa, K. and Kock, D.} } @article {4614, title = {Roosting and echolocation behavior of the African bat, Chalinolobus variegatus}, journal = {J. Mamm.}, volume = {70}, number = {4}, year = {1989}, month = {1989}, pages = {828-833}, keywords = {behaviour, Chiroptera, day roosts, echolocation, ecology, Flederm{\"a}use, foraging, Glauconycteris variegata, habitat preferences, Mammalia, Mana Pools National Park, roosting behaviour, Southern Africa, Vespertilionidae, Zimbabwe}, author = {Obrist, M. K. and Aldridge, H. D. J. N. and Fenton, M. B.} } @article {4590, title = {Small mammals collected in the Gotel Mts. and on the Mambilla Plateau, eastern Nigeria}, journal = {Tauraco Research Report}, volume = {1}, year = {1989}, month = {1989}, pages = {42-47}, keywords = {biodiversity, Chiroptera, ecology, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, habitat preferences, Mammalia, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus schreibersii, morphology, Muridae, Pteropodidae, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus alticolus, Rodentia, Soricomorpha, species richness, Sylvisorex megalura, systematics, taxonomy, West Africa, zoogeography}, author = {Nikolaus, G. and Dowsett, R. J.} } @article {4177, title = {Systematic notes on Liberian bats}, journal = {Am. Mus. Novitates}, number = {2946}, year = {1989}, month = {1989b}, pages = {1-11}, abstract = {Based on previously unreported material, 32 species of bats are recorded from Liberia, bringing the total species known for that country to 52. The following species are recorded from Liberia for the first time: Rhinolophus guineensis, Hipposideros fuliginosus, Myotis tricolor (first record for western Africa), Pipistrellus eisentrauti, "Eptesicus"brunneus, Glauconycteris poensis, Mops brachyptera, and M. spurrelli. Other noteworthy findings are the confirmation of an unsually large form of Rhinolophus clivosus (R. c. hillorum ssp. nov.) from tropical western Africa (here described as a new subspecies), the revelation of additional complexity in what is here called Hipposideros ruber, clarification of the distinction between H. caffer and H. beatus, and a discussion of the problems of distinguishing Mops spurrelli and M. nanulus. It is clear that a large number of forest species, some basically East African, have been able to extend as far west as Liberia and probably to the western limits of the high forest.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Erstbeschreibung, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, Liberia, morphology, Pteropodidae, rainforests, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus clivosus hillorum ssp. nov. [R. hillorum], species richness, systematics, taxonomy, West Africa, zoogeography}, author = {Koopman, K. F.} } @article {3029, title = {Taxonomy and biogeography of African fruit bats (Mammalia, Megachiroptera). 2. The genera Micropteropus Matschie, 1899, Epomops Gray, 1870, Hypsignathus H. Allen, 1861, Nanonycteris Matschie, 1899, and Plerotes Andersen,}, journal = {Beaufortia}, volume = {39}, number = {4}, year = {1989}, month = {1989}, pages = {89-153}, abstract = {The genera Micropteropus Matschie, 1899, Epomops Gray, 1870, Hypsignathus H. Allen, 1861, Nanonycteris Matschie, 1899, and Plerotes Andersen, 1910 and the species assigned to them are reviewed. All the currently recognized taxa are maintained except subspecific partitions in Epomops franqueti (Tomes, 1860). The known characters are reviewed and discussed, and new characters presented, and their possible taxonomical implications mentioned. Of the skull characters traditionally used to distinguish Micropteropus from Epomophorus Bennett, 1836 relative rostrum length, relative zygomatic width and the form of the postdental palate are found to be rather in line with the tendencies in that genus. The palatal ridges in both species of Micropteropus are less different from those in Epomophorus than has generally been claimed but at the same time distinguish those species, as seem to do chromosome morphology (only known for M. pusillus (Peters, 1867)) and, probably, the anatomy of the vocalization organs. The original type specimen and locality of M. pusillus, disregarded since Andersen (1912) rejected them, are recognized. Within Epomops, atypical section is distinguished containing the forest species franqueti and buettikoferi (Matschie, 1899), while the woodland species dobsonii (Bocage, 1889) is considered atypical and possibly not congeneric. For the latter species a neotype is designated. In addition to earlier observed differences, the typical section of Epomops differs from Epomophorus in the morphology of its pterygoid wings. Epomops franqueti strepitans Andersen, 1910 is synonymized with the nominal subspecies as no satisfactory delimitation or transitional zone can be conceived. E. buettikoferi is maintained as a species on the basis of several sympatric occurrences with E. franqueti but the need for further research is recognized. Pterygoid wing morphology in Epomops dobsonii is as in Epomophorus, and its postdental palate exhibits transitional characters from typical Epomops toward Epomophorus; its palatal ridges are atypical and possibly derived froma pattern as in Epomophorus. Hypsignathus monstrosus H. Allen, 1861 resembles typical Epomops in its pterygoid wing morphology and palatal ridge pattern, and is less related to E. dobsonii than has been suggested. Some of the generic characters of Nanonycteris are rejected as neotenic traits. Several characters of Nanonycteris veldkampii (Jentink, 1888) suggest that Epomops dobsonii may be its nearest living relative rather than typical Epomops. In this small species females are (on average) larger than males in all measurements, which is the reverse of the situation in all larger epomophorines. Yet, males have relatively longer rostrums and larger zygomatic widths. Plerotes is confirmed as a genus combining primitive and specialized traits, but certain wing characters claimed to distinguish it are rejected and the need for wet preservation of future specimens is emphasized. P. anchietae (De Seabra, 1900) is known from nine specimens, most of which immature. A neotype is designated to replace the lost holotype. New cranial and fur characters are described.}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, Epomops buettikoferi, Epomops dobsonii, Epomops franqueti, Hypsignathus monstrosus, Micropteropus intermedius, Micropteropus pusillus, Nanonycteris veldkampii, Plerotes anchietae, Pteropodidae, revision, systematics, Vegetation, zoogeography}, author = {Bergmans, W.} } @article {3057, title = {Ultrastructural changes in the seminiferous epithelium of two seasonally reproducing bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera)}, journal = {J. Morphol.}, volume = {199}, number = {3}, year = {1989}, month = {1989}, pages = {249-258}, abstract = {The Sertoli cells of the Cape horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus capensis) and Schreiber{\textquoteright}s long-fingered bat (Miniopterus schreibersii) undergomarked changes in ultrastructure related to stages in the spermatogenic cycle. The amount of lipid stored in the Sertoli cells varies annually and is at a maximum from just after spermiation to early in the following spermatogenic cycle. During spermatogenesis, the diameter of the lipid droplets decreases, reaching a minimum prior to spermiation. Sertoli cells exhibit a marked apicobasal differentiation, particularly in the vicinity of developing late spermatids, where the cytoplasm of the Sertoli cell is packed with smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The possible roles of lipid droplets and smooth endoplasmic reticulum in steroidogenesis by Sertoli cells are discussed. Junctional complexes occur between Sertoli cells and spermatogonia, are apparently absent from between Sertoli cells and spermatocytes, and are restricted to the region of the developing acrosome in the spermatids. Annulate lamellae, which occur commonly in the developing germinal cells and less frequently in the Sertoli cells, may be associated with the production of microtubules, which are present in both spermatids and Sertoli cells.}, keywords = {anatomy, Chiroptera, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus schreibersii [natalensis], morphology, reproduction, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus capensis, South Africa}, url = {Bernard \& Hodgson 1989.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051990302}, author = {Bernard, R. T. F. and Hodgson, A. N.} } @article {4074, title = {Une nouvelle esp{\`e}ce de Capillaria (Nematoda, Capillariinae) parasite de chauve-souris (Mammalia, Chiroptera) du Gabon}, journal = {Bull. Mus. natn. Hist. nat. (4), section A}, volume = {11}, number = {2}, year = {1989}, month = {1989a}, pages = {333-348}, abstract = {Description of Capillaria chabaudi n. sp., a stomach parasite of Rhinolophus silvestris from Gabon (Africa). The male has two small and thick latero-caudal alae, a membranous caudal bursa and a non-spiny cirrus. The caudal bursa is supported by two forked expansions. The spicule (665-840 {\textmu}m in length) is well visible, little sclerified, without transverse striations, and with a pointed posterior extremity. The female bears a vulvar appendage. The inner face of the wall of the vagina uterina shows transverse striations. The four species morphologically most closely related to C. chabaudi n. sp. are C. speciosa sensus Zdzitowiecki, 1970, a parasite of European bats, C. pipistrelli sensu Wang, 1982, C. kashmirensis and C. rhinolophi, three species parasitic in Asian bats. C. chabaudi is the first species of Capillaria found in central Africa in a Chiroptera.}, keywords = {Central Africa, Chiroptera, endoparasites, Gabon, parasitism, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus silvestris}, author = {Justine, J.-L.} } @article {5120, title = {The acoustic role of tracheal chambers and nasal cavities in the production of sonar pulses by the horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus hildebrandti}, journal = {J. Comp. Physiol. A}, volume = {162}, number = {6}, year = {1988}, month = {1988}, pages = {799-813}, abstract = {The acoustic role of the enlarged, bony, nasal cavities and rigid tracheal chambers in the horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus hildebrandti (Fig. 2) was investigated by determining the effect of their selective filling on the nasally emitted sonar pulse and on the sound traveling backwards down the trachea.Normal sonar signals of this bat contain a long constant frequency component with most energy in the second harmonic at about 48 kHz. The fundamental is typically suppressed 20 to 30 dB below the level of the second harmonic (Fig. 1).None of the experimental manipulations described affected the frequency of the sonar signal fundamental.Filling the dorsal and both lateral tracheal chambers had little effect on the emitted vocalization, but caused the level of the fundamental component in the trachea to increase 15 to 19 dB in most bats (Table 2). When only the dorsal chamber or only the two lateral chambers were filled, the effect was less striking and more variable (Tables 3 and 4), suggesting that the tracheal fundamental is normally suppressed by acoustic interaction between these three cavities.Filling the enlarged dorsal nasal cavities had no effect on the tracheal sound. The effect of this treatment on the nasally emitted sonar pulse was inconsistent. Sometimes the fundamental increased 10 to 12 dB, other times the intensity of all harmonics decreased; in still other cases the second, third or fourth harmonic increased, but the fundamental remained unchanged (Tables 5, 6, and 7).When bats were forced to vocalize through the mouth, by sealing the nostrils, there was a prominent increase in the level of the emitted fundamental (10 to 21 dB) and in the fourth harmonic (6 to 17 dB). In one instance there was also a significant increase in the level of the third harmonic (Tables 8 and 9). The supraglottal tract thus filters the fundamental from the nasally emitted sonar signal, although the role of the inflated nasal cavities in this process is unclear.We conclude that a high glottal impedance acoustically isolates the subglottal from the supraglottal vocal tract. The tracheal chambers do not affect the emitted sonar signal, but may attenuate the fundamental in the trachea and prevent it from being reflected from the lungs back towards the cochlea. It may be important to prevent the reflected fundamental from stimulating the cochlea, via tissue conduction, along multiple indirect pathways which would temporally smear cochlear stimulation.Tracheal and nasal chambers, by suppressing the internally reflected and externally radiated components, respectively, of the laryngeal fundamental, may enable horseshoe bats to rely on the tissue-conducted fundamental as a reference or marker of its own laryngeally generated sound which could be useful in processing sonar information.}, keywords = {CF-echolocation, Chiroptera, resonance, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus hildebrandtii, skull, Southern Africa, Zimbabwe}, url = {Suthers et al. 1988.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00610969}, author = {Suthers, R. A. and Hartley, D. J. and Wenstrup, J. J.} } @article {3781, title = {The bats of Malawi}, journal = {Mammalia}, volume = {51}, number = {3}, year = {1988}, month = {1988 [for 1987]}, pages = {337-414}, abstract = {This paper gives an account of the 55 species of bats currently known to occur in Malawi. Six species are recorded for the first time, together with 86 new species-locality records which increase the records for Malawi (Africa) by approximately 44 percent. Data were obtained from 1489 specimens (36 species) collected from 13 localities by DCDH and MH (August 1984 to June 1985), and museum specimens in Malawi. The account of each species includes measurements, localities, and brief notes on distribution, status, habitat, domiciles, and behaviour. The bat faunas of Malawi and 13 other African countries are compared to reveal patterns and trends in the zoogeography and geographical ecology of the bats of Malawi.}, keywords = {[Chaerephon pumilus] Tadarida pumila, [Mops condylurus] Tadarida condylura, [Mops] Tadarida midas, [Neoromicia nana] Pipistrellus nanus, [Neoromicia] Eptesicus capensis, [Neoromicia] Eptesicus melckorum, [Neoromicia] Eptesicus rendalli, [Neoromicia] Eptesicus zuluensis, [Nycticeinops] Nycticeius schlieffenii, behaviour, biodiversity, biogeography, Chiroptera, communities, ecology, Eidolon helvum, Emballonuridae, Epomophorus crypturus, Epomophorus minor, Epomophorus wahlbergi, Epomops dobsoni, Eptesicus hottentotus, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, Glauconycteris argentata, Glauconycteris variegata, habitat preferences, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros caffer, Hipposideros commersoni [vittatus], Hipposideros ruber, Kerivoula argentata, Kerivoula harrisoni, Laephotis botswanae, Lavia frons, Mammalia, Megadermatidae, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus fraterculus, Miniopterus schreibersii, Molossidae, Myotis bocagei, Myotis tricolor, Myotis welwitschii, Nycteridae, Nycteris grandis, Nycteris hispida, Nycteris macrotis, Nycteris thebaica, Nycteris woodi, Otomops martiensseni, Pipistrellus kuhlii [hesperidus], Pipistrellus rueppellii, Pipistrellus rusticus, predation, Pteropodidae, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus blasii, Rhinolophus clivosus, Rhinolophus darlingi, Rhinolophus fumigatus, Rhinolophus hildebrandtii, Rhinolophus landeri, Rhinolophus simulator, Rousettus aegyptiacus, Scotoecus albigula, Scotoecus albofuscus, Scotoecus hindei [hirundo], Scotophilus dinganii, Scotophilus nigrita, Scotophilus viridis, Southern Africa, species richness, systematics, Tadarida fulminans, Tadarida ventralis, Taphozous mauritianus, taxonomy, Vegetation, Vespertilionidae, zoogeography}, url = {Happold et al. 1988.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mamm.1987.51.3.337}, author = {Happold, D. C. D. and Happold, M. and Hill, J. Edwards} } @article {3086, title = {Comparison of the morphology of the megachiropteran and microchiropteran eye}, journal = {S. Afr. J. Zool.}, volume = {23}, number = {3}, year = {1988}, month = {1988}, pages = {155-160}, abstract = {The structure of the eyes of two South African bat species, Rousettus aegyptiacus (Megachiroptera: Pteropodidae) and Rhinolophus capensis (Microchiroptera: Rhinolophidae) was examined and compared by means of light microscopy. The eyes of both species exhibit characteristics of a typical {\textquoteright}nocturnal eye{\textquoteright} (presence of only rods in the retina; the cornea shows a marked curvature and occupies about one third of the globe; the anterior and posterior chambers are very large in relation to the vitreous) and neither possess a fovea. The main difference occurs in the choroid and the retina. The fruit bat R. aegyptiacus shows a marked folding of the retina, as a result of papillae that project inwards from the choroid. This does not occur in the insectivorous bat R. capensis, where the choroid and the retina form a smooth layer. It is suggested that this unique feature of the fruit bat, and the associated increase in surface area and hence the number of photoreceptors is probably responsible for its good nocturnal vision.}, keywords = {anatomy, behaviour, Chiroptera, ecology, evolution, eyes, Flederm{\"a}use, Mammalia, morphology, nocturnal, Pteropodidae, retina, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus capensis, rods, Rousettus aegyptiacus, South Africa, vision}, author = {Bojarski, C. and Bernard, R. T. F.} } @article {3539, title = {Die S{\"a}ugetiere im Golf von Guinea und ihre Beziehung zur S{\"a}ugetierfauna des westafrikanischen Festlandes (Mammalia)}, journal = {Zool. Abh. Mus. Tierkd. Dresden}, volume = {44}, number = {8}, year = {1988}, month = {1988}, pages = {83-88}, abstract = {A short survey is given on the mammal fauna of the Islands in the Gulf of Guinea evaluating the literature and a short trip of the author to S{\~a}o Tome in 1983:(1) Endemic species (Crocidura thomensis, Myonycteris brachycephala) are existing only on the Island of S{\~a}o Tome.(2) Non-endemic species are originally wild-living species, or species spread by man.(2a) Among the originally wild-living species one species (Eidolon helvum) occurs on all islands without intraspecific differentiation.(2b) The other species do not live on all Islands, only on some of them. There are as well species forming special subspecies on the islands (Hipposideros commersoni), as species having the same subspecies like the animals in the nearby situated continental forest areas (Hipposideros ruber guineensis). Rousettus aegyptiacus was detected for the first time 1983 on S{\~a}o Tome by the author.(2c) Among the species spread by man there are: cosmopolits (Rattus rattus, Rattus norvegicus, Mus musculus), intentionally introduced species (Viverra civetta, Mustela nivalis numidica), and species which are secondarily wild-living (pig).(2d) Concerning the occurrence of the species Cercopithecus mona and Miniopterus minor newtoni the human influence is uncertain.The reasons for the occurrence of the different species on the islands are discussed.}, keywords = {Annob{\'o}n, Bioko, Cameroon, Central Africa, Chiroptera, Eidolon helvum, endemic, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, Gulf of Guinea, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros commersoni [thomensis], Hipposideros ruber guineensis, island biogeography, Mammalia, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus minor newtoni, morphology, Myonycteris brachycephala, Pr{\'{\i}ncipe, Pteropodidae, Rousettus aegyptiacus, S{\~a}o Tom{\'e}, species richness, systematics, taxonomy, zoogeography}, author = {Feiler, A.} } @article {4774, title = {Differential rates of genic and chromosomal evolution in bats of the family Rhinolophidae}, journal = {Genome}, volume = {30}, number = {3}, year = {1988}, month = {1988}, pages = {326-335}, abstract = {Data for nondifferentially stained chromosomes from 10 species of Rhinolophus (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae) suggest a conserved chromosomal evolution. G-banded chromosomes for three well differentiated species (Rhinolophus hipposideros, Rhinolophus blasii, and Rhinolophus acuminatus) corroborate a low level of gross chromosomal rearrangements. Additionally, a comparison between G-banded chromosomes of Rhinolophus (Rhinolophidae) and Hipposideros (Hipposideridae) suggests extreme conservatism in chromosomal arms between these two distantly related groups. On the other hand, we report extensive genie divergence as assayed by starch gel electrophoresis among these 10 species, and between Rhinolophus and two hipposiderid genera (Hipposideros and Aselliscus). The present chromosomal data are not sufficient for phylogenetic analysis. Phylogenies based on electrophoretic data are in many aspects discordant with those based on the classical morphological criteria. Different (and as yet not clearly understood) evolutionary forces affecting chromosomal, morphologic, and electrophoretic variation may be the reason for the apparent lack of concordance in these independent data sets.}, keywords = {Arabia, Aselliscus tricuspidatus, Asia, Chiroptera, chromosomes, cytogenetics, electrophoresis, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros armiger, Hipposideros diadema, Japan, Jordan, karyotypes, New Guinea, phylogeny, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus acuminatus, Rhinolophus affinis, Rhinolophus blasii, Rhinolophus clivosus, Rhinolophus cornutus, Rhinolophus darlingi, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum nippon, Rhinolophus hipposideros, Rhinolophus malayanus, Rhinolophus pusillus, South Africa, Thailand}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g88-057}, author = {Qumsiyeh, M. B. and Owen, R. D. and Chesser, R. K.} } @article {4885, title = {Evolutionary relationships in the family Emballonuridae (Chiroptera)}, journal = {J. Mamm.}, volume = {69}, number = {1}, year = {1988}, month = {1988}, pages = {1-13}, abstract = {Protein electrophoresis and immunology were used to test hypotheses concerning phylogenetic relationships within the family Emballonuridae and the relationship of the family Rhinopomatidae to the Emballonuridae. These data indicate the presence of three major subdivisions within the family. The eight genera from the New World form one monophyletic group, the Old World genera Taphozous and Saccolaimus form the second, and Emballonura and Coleura the third. The Emballonura-Coleura lineage is more closely related to the New World genera than to the other Old World group. The family Rhinopomatidae was found to be distantly related to both the Emballonuridae and the Vespertilionidae.}, keywords = {Africa, Balantiopteryx plicata, Centronycteris maximiliani, Chiroptera, Coleura afra, Congo (Kinshasa), Diclidurus albus, Egypt, Emballonura beccarii, Emballonura furax, Emballonura nigrescens, Emballonuridae, Kenya, Peronymus leucopterus, Peropteryx kappleri, Peropteryx macrotis, phylogeny, Rhynchonycteris naso, Saccolaimus peli, Saccopteryx bilineata, Saccopteryx canescens, Saccopteryx leptura, Taphozous mauritianus, Taphozous nudiventris, Zimbabwe}, author = {Robbins, L. W. and Sarich, V. M.} } @article {4385, title = {Faces of Microchiroptera from Egypt}, journal = {Zool. Anz.}, volume = {220}, number = {1/2}, year = {1988}, month = {1988}, pages = {82-92}, keywords = {anatomy, Chiroptera, Egypt, morphology, North Africa}, author = {Madkour, G. A.} } @article {3056, title = {Fine structure of the neck of epididymal spermatozoa of Schreiber{\textquoteright}s long-fingered bat (Chiroptera: Mammalia)}, journal = {Gamete Research}, volume = {21}, number = {1}, year = {1988}, month = {1988}, pages = {41-50}, abstract = {The structure of the spermatozoon of the long-fingered bat (Miniopterus schreibersii) was studied using transmission electron microscopy. The neck is characterized by two asymmetrically arranged features that allow the orientation of sections in different planes and therefore aid the interpretation of the structure. There are six segmented columns, two major and four minor, in the anterior 79\% of the neck, and it is only posterior to this that the major columns split. One major column is associated with doublets 9,1, and 2, and the other major column, with doublets 5 and 6. The proximal centriole is surrounded by the capitulum and segmented columns, and the distal centriole persists and is apparent in both longitudinal and transverse sections. The central pair of microtubules pass through the distal centriole and terminate at the proximal centriole. A line drawn through the two central microtubules divides the head into left and right halves. Development of the neck begins during early spermiogenesis at which time the two centrioles are associated with the production of the capitulum, segmented columns, and axoneme complex.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus schreibersii [natalensis], morphology, South Africa, spermatozoa}, url = {Bernard \& Hodgson 1988.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1120210106}, author = {Bernard, R. T. F. and Hodgson, A. N.} } @article {5069, title = {First steps in the ecology of the Bamingui-Bangoran National Park, Central African Republic}, journal = {Afr. J. Ecol.}, volume = {26}, number = {2}, year = {1988}, month = {1988}, pages = {73-88}, abstract = {A description is given of the 11,560 km2 Bamingui-Bangoran National Park situated in the mid-Sudanian phytogeographic domain of the Central African Republic. Attention is drawn to the interest of the ecology of this little-known zone, which lies between north-south and east-west ecotones, of the sahel-tropical forest and oriental region west Africa, respectively. Preliminary collections of plants and small mammals were made. An analysis of the flora and the large mammals observed suggests a predominantly West African affinity. The sub-specific endemism shown by the large mammals appears more probably linked to Pleistocene isolation by the Chari-Logone river system, than to a mega Lake Chad as has been postulated elsewhere.}, keywords = {Amphibia, Central Africa, Chaerephon ansorgei, Chaerephon nigeriae, Chiroptera, Coleura afra, Emballonuridae, Epomophorus gambianus, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros abae, Hipposideros cyclops, Hipposideros ruber centralis, Lavia frons affinis, Mammalia, Megadermatidae, Micropteropus pusillus, Molossidae, Mops congicus [M. trevori], Myonycteris torquata, Neoromicia guineensis, Neoromicia nanus, Neoromicia somalicus, Nycteridae, Nycteris hispida, Nycticeinops schlieffenii, Otomops martiensseni, plants, protected areas, Pteropodidae, Reptilia, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus fumigatus, Rhinolophus landeri, Scotophilus dinganii, Scotophilus nigritellus [viridis], Taphozous mauritianus, Vegetation, Vespertilionidae}, url = {Spinage 1988.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2028.1988.tb00959.x}, author = {Spinage, C. A.} } @article {4837, title = {Fluctuations in availability of arthropods correlated with microchiropteran and avian predator activities}, journal = {Koedoe}, volume = {31}, number = {1}, year = {1988}, month = {1988}, pages = {77-90}, abstract = {Aerial arthropods were sampled by driving a standard transect along the riparian forest of the Luvuvhu River, South Africa, to assess hourly and seasonal variations in available biomass. Sampling, with an air-plankton net mounted on a vehicle, was conducted hourly over 48-hour periods during the fullest phase of the moon for each of eight months during 1986/87. Seasonal variation in availability of terrestrial arthropods was assessed by means of six pitfall traps set in the riparian forest. On a daily basis, the available biomass of aerial arthropods was found to increase markedly at and during the two hours following sunset, with a slight peak at or in the two hours preceding dawn. Highest monthly availability was found to correspond with the warm summer rainy season, with a marked increase after the first rains. The peak for terrestrial arthropods was found to occur later in the summer than for aerial arthropods. These patterns of arthropod availability correlate well with the daily activity rhythms and seasonal reproduction of microchiropteran bats and their avian predators.}, keywords = {activity patterns, Aves, behaviour, Beutespektrum, Chiroptera, communities, diet, ecology, Falconiformes, feeding habits, Flederm{\"a}use, food distribution, foraging, habitat preferences, Insecta, Kruger National Park, Mammalia, Nahrung, Nahrungsspektrum, Nahrungswahl, predation pressure, reproduction, seasonality, South Africa, Strigiformes}, author = {Rautenbach, I. L. and Kemp, A. C. and Scholtz, C. H.} } @article {5357, title = {Haematology and iron status of the Egyptian fruit bat, Rousettus aegyptiacus}, journal = {Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A}, volume = {90}, number = {1}, year = {1988}, month = {1988}, pages = {117-120}, abstract = {1. Haematological values and iron status of wild and captive fruit bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus) were determined.2. Plasma iron concentrations were 175[mu]g/dl in wild males, and 286-316 [mu]g/dl in captive bats.3. Total splenic stores were small (around 100 [mu]g) in relation to hepatic stores (3 mg) and total haem iron (2.6 mg).4. Haemoglobin levels, red cell counts and haematocrits were unusually high and mean corpuscular volumes low.5. Lactating wild bats showed no deficits in iron status or in haematological values.6. It is concluded that the ascorbic acid content of fruit, together with the bats{\textquoteright} high food requirement, has ensured an ample iron supply in this vegetarian species.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, physiology, Pteropodidae, Rousettus aegyptiacus, South Africa}, url = {Van Der Westhuyzen 1988.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0300-9629(88)91015-8}, author = {Van Der Westhuyzen, J.} } @article {3316, title = {Eidolon helvum}, journal = {Mammalian Species}, number = {312}, year = {1988}, month = {1988}, pages = {1-5}, keywords = {Africa, behaviour, Chiroptera, diet, ecology, Eidolon helvum, habitat preferences, Mammalia, morphology, Nahrung, physiology, Pteropodidae, reproduction, review, systematics, taxonomy, zoogeography}, url = {http://www.science.smith.edu/msi/pdf/i0076-3519-312-01-0001.pdf}, author = {DeFrees, S. L. and Wilson, D. E.} } @article {4101, title = {IFE: Un nouvel Orbivirus africain isol{\'e} chez des chauves-souris Eidolon helvum captur{\'e}es au Nigeria, au Cameroun et en R{\'e}publique Centrafricaine}, journal = {Bull. Soc. Path. Exot.}, volume = {81}, number = {1}, year = {1988}, month = {1988}, pages = {40-48}, abstract = {Eight viral isolates were recovered from Eidolon helvum bats collected in Nigeria and Cameroun in 1971 and from the Central African Republic in 1974. Subsequent studies showed that the agents from the three countries were similar and were strains of a new virus of the Orbivirus genus, family Reoviridae. This new virus was characterized with respect to its sensitivity to lipid solvents and to pH, its relative size and morphology by electron microscopy, its effect on mice experimentally infected by various routes, the histopathology found in infected mice, and its antigenic relationship or lack of a relationship to other known orbiviruses.}, keywords = {Africa, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chiroptera, Eidolon helvum, infectious diseases, Nigeria, Pteropodidae, virology}, author = {Kemp, G. E. and Le Gonidec, G. and Karabatsos, N. and Rickenbach, A. and Cropp, C. B.} } @article {4632, title = {Oochoristica agamae Baylis, 1919 (Eucestoda, Linstowiidae) in one reptile and two bat species from Nsukka (Anambra State, Nigeria)}, journal = {Miscell{\`a}nia Zool{\`o}gica}, volume = {12}, year = {1988}, month = {1988 [published}, pages = {11-15}, abstract = {The same cestode parasite was recovered from the small intestines of different insectivorous hosts: a lizard Agama agama, two bats Tadarida chaeraphon nigeriae (Thomas, 1913) and Hipposideros caffer tephrus (Cabrera, 1906) at Nsukka. Various measurements and observations on gross anatomy (e.g. number and arrangement of the ovary, dimensions of the cirrus sac, etc.) show that al1 specimens of the parasites belong to the same species. The different hosts feed on a common intermediate host in the same environment which may account for this phenomenon. The prevalence of the worms and the intensity of infection in the three hosts are also presented. There is a significantly high prevalence in the males, but no explanation for this trend is given.}, keywords = {Chaerephon nigeriae, Chiroptera, endoparasites, Eucestoda, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros caffer tephrus, Molossidae, Nigeria, parasitism, Reptilia, West Africa}, url = {Okafor 1988.pdf http://www.raco.cat/index.php/Mzoologica/article/view/90628}, author = {Okafor, F. C.} } @article {4829, title = {Karyotypical variation in Southern African Rhinolophidae (Chiroptera) and non-geographic morphometric variation in Rhinolophus denti Thomas, 1904}, journal = {Cimbebasia (A)}, volume = {8}, number = {15}, year = {1988}, month = {1988}, pages = {129-139}, keywords = {Chiroptera, chromosomes, cytogenetics, evolution, Flederm{\"a}use, karyotypes, Mammalia, morphology, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus blasii, Rhinolophus capensis, Rhinolophus clivosus, Rhinolophus darlingi, Rhinolophus denti, Rhinolophus fumigatus, Rhinolophus hildebrandtii, Rhinolophus landeri, Rhinolophus simulator, Rhinolophus swinnyi, Southern Africa, speciation, systematics, taxonomy}, author = {Rautenbach, I. L.} } @book {2885, title = {Mammals of Malawi. An Annotated Check List and Atlas}, year = {1988}, month = {1988}, pages = {170 pp + 180 maps}, publisher = {Trendrine Press}, organization = {Trendrine Press}, address = {Zennor, St. Ives, Cornwall}, keywords = {[Chaerephon pumilus] Tadarida pumila, [Mops condylurus] Tadarida condylura, [Mops] Tadarida midas, [Neoromicia nana] Pipistrellus africanus nanus, [Neoromicia] Pipistrellus capensis, [Neoromicia] Pipistrellus rendalli, [Neoromicia] Pipistrellus zuluensis, checklist, Chiroptera, conservation, distribution, Eidolon helvum, Emballonuridae, Epomophorus crypturus, Epomophorus minor, Epomophorus wahlbergi, Epomops dobsonii, Eptesicus hottentotus, gazetteer, Glauconycteris argentata, Glauconycteris variegata, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros caffer, Hipposideros commersoni marungensis [vittatus], Hipposideros ruber, Kerivoula argentata, Kerivoula lanosa lucia, Laephotis botswanae, Lavia frons, Malawi, Mammalia, maps, Megadermatidae, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus schreibersii natalensis, Molossidae, Mozambique, Myotis bocagii, Myotis tricolor, Myotis welwitschii, Nycteridae, Nycteris grandis marica, Nycteris hispida, Nycteris macrotis, Nycteris thebaica, Nycteris woodi, Nycticeinops schlieffenii, Otomops martiensseni icarus, Pipistrellus kuhlii fuscatus [hesperidus], Pipistrellus rueppellii, Pipistrellus rusticus, Pipistrellus sp. [melckorum-grandidieri], Pteropodidae, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus blasii, Rhinolophus clivosus, Rhinolophus darlingi, Rhinolophus fumigatus exsul, Rhinolophus hildebrandti, Rhinolophus landeri, Rhinolophus simulator, Rousettus aegyptiacus, Scotoecus albigula, Scotoecus albofuscus, Scotoecus hindei [hirundo], Scotophilus dinganii, Scotophilus nigrita alvenslebeni, Scotophilus viridis, Southern Africa, systematics, Tadarida fulminans, Tadarida ventralis, Tanzania, Taphozous mauritianus, taxonomy, Vespertilionidae, Zimbabwe}, author = {Ansell, W. F. H. and Dowsett, R. J.} } @article {3153, title = {Monoclonal antibodies to Mokola virus for identification of rabies and rabies-related viruses}, journal = {Journal of Clinical Microbiology}, volume = {26}, number = {12}, year = {1988}, month = {1988}, pages = {2489-2494}, abstract = {Rabies and rabies-related virus strains were studied by using a panel of monoclonal antibodies directed against either nucleocapsid proteins or cell surface antigens of Mokola virus (Mok-3). Each strain was used in parallel to infect cultured cells and mice. Then, the patterns of reactivity of the different monoclonal antibodies were determined by the immunofluorescent-antibody staining procedure. On cells, the monoclonal antibodies differentiated fixed rabies virus strains (serotype 1) from rabies-related virus strains. The seven fixed strains (CVS, PV4, PM, Flury LEP and HEP, ERA, and SAD) reacted identically. The previous serotype groupings (serotype 2, Lagos-bat virus; serotype 3, Mokola virus; serotype 4, Duvenhage virus) established with anti-rabies monoclonal antibodies were confirmed, except for that of Lagos-bat Kindia, which appeared to be related to the African subtype of the Duvenhage serotype (Duv-2). Within the Mokola (Mok-l, -2, -3, and -5 and Umhlanga) and the Lagos-bat (Lag-l and -2, Zimbabwe, Pinetown, and Dakar) serotypes, each strain appeared to be distinct. The African subtype of the Duvenhage serotype reacted differently from the European subtype. Within the Duvenhage serotype, subtypes Duv-4, -5, and -6 and Denmark reacted identically, while subtypes Duv-l, -2, and -3 and German Democratic Republic appeared to be distinct. The monoclonal antibodies specific for the cell surface antigens were also used in neutralization tests with all the strains. Two of them neutralized the infectivity of Mokola virus.}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, pathogens, rabies, virology}, author = {Bussereau, F. and Vincent, J. and Coudrier, D. and Sureau, P.} } @article {5305, title = {Myobiidae (Acarina, Trombidiformes) associated with minor families of Chiroptera (Mammalia) and a discussion of phylogeny of chiropteran myobiid genera.}, journal = {J. Parasitol.}, volume = {74}, number = {1}, year = {1988}, month = {1988}, pages = {159-176}, abstract = {Three new genera, Natalimyobia n. gen., Furipterobia n. gen., and Mizopodobia n. gen., are erected for the myobiid mites associated with the chiropteran families Natalidae, Furipteridae, and Myzopodidae, respectively. The definitions for the genera Nycterimyobia, Thyromyobia, and Mystacobia, previously known only from one sex, are refined with the description of the opposite sex. Two different types of myobiid genera, one being represented by larger elongate forms and the other by smaller rounded forms, often share hosts within a chiropteran family. A larger elongate myobiid genus is associated exclusively with each chiropteran family. Phylogenetic relationships among 16 larger-sized myobiid genera, including the 3 new ones, are deduced based primarily on the structure of female genitalia and secondarily on the formation of legs and chaetotaxy of idiosoma and legs. These relationships are regarded as being parallel to those of the chiropteran host families.}, keywords = {Amorphochilus schnablii, Cameroon, Central Africa, Chiroptera, Furipteridae, Furipterobia chileensis sp. nov., host-parasite coevolution, Madagascar, Myzopoda aurita, Myzopodidae, Myzopodobia naudoi sp. nov., Natalidae, Natalimyobia handleyi sp. nov., Natalus stramineus, Nycteridae, Nycterimyobia camerounensis sp. nov., Nycteris arge, parasites, taxonomy, Thyromobia tricolor sp. nov., Thyroptera tricolor albiventer, Thyropteridae}, author = {Uchikawa, K.} } @article {4648, title = {New bat records from the Red Sea Mountains of Egypt}, journal = {Mammalia}, volume = {52}, number = {4}, year = {1988}, month = {1988}, pages = {596-598}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Egypt, Molossidae, North Africa, Plecotus austriacus christiei [christii], Tadarida aegyptiaca, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Osborn, D. J.} } @article {5356, title = {A new pattern of early embryonic development in the seasonally breeding non-hibernating lesser yellow house bat, Scotophilus borbonicus (E. Geoffroy, 1803) (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)}, journal = {Ann. Transv. Mus.}, volume = {34}, number = {24}, year = {1988}, month = {1988}, pages = {551-556}, abstract = {Monthly collections of Scotophilus borbonicus females and examination of serially sectioned female genital tracts showed that it is a monoestrous species. Insemination, ovulation and fertilization take place in autumn. Early embryonic growth is retarded, but not arrested. The conceptus remains in the morula stage for 6 to 8 weeks, followed by a blastocyst stage of c. two months. With the onset of warmer weather, a higher rate of embryogenesis is observed.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, gestation, histology, parturition, reproduction, retarded development, Scotophilus borbonicus [viridis], South Africa, Vespertilionidae}, author = {van der Merwe, N. J. and Rautenbach, I. L. and Penzhorn, B. L.} } @article {5028, title = {New records of bat fleas (Siphonaptera) from South Africa}, journal = {J. Entomol. Soc. South. Af.}, volume = {51}, number = {1}, year = {1988}, month = {1988}, pages = {149-150}, keywords = {Chaerephon ansorgei, Chaerephon major, Chiroptera, ectoparasites, Insecta, Lagaropsylla anciauxi, Lagaropsylla hoogstraali, Molossidae, Mops condylurus, Mops midas, parasitism, Siphonaptera, South Africa, Togo}, author = {Segerman, J. and Braack, L. E. O.} } @article {3907, title = {New records of bats (Microchiroptera) from Nigeria}, journal = {Mammalia}, volume = {52}, number = {4}, year = {1988}, month = {1988}, pages = {590-592}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, Kerivoula lanosa muscilla, Mammalia, morphology, Myotis morrisi, Nigeria, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus darlingi, species richness, systematics, taxonomy, Vespertilionidae, West Africa}, author = {Hill, J. Edwards and Harrison, D. L. and Jones, T. S.} } @article {5368, title = {Notes on a collection of bats from the riverine forests of the Jubba Valley, southern Somalia, including two species new to Somalia}, journal = {Mammalia}, volume = {52}, number = {4}, year = {1988}, month = {1988}, pages = {533-540}, keywords = {Cardioderma cor, Chiroptera, distribution, Epomophorus wahlbergi, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros commersoni [vittatus], Mammalia, Megadermatidae, Northeast Africa, Nycteridae, Nycteris parisii, Nycticeinops schlieffenii, Pipistrellus eisentrauti [P. grandidieri?], Pteropodidae, reproduction, Scotoecus albigula, Scotophilus dinganii, Somalia, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Varty, N. and Hill, J. Edwards} } @article {3969, title = {Notes on bats from Morocco}, journal = {Mammalia}, volume = {52}, number = {2}, year = {1988}, month = {1988}, pages = {278-281}, keywords = {Barbastella barbastellus, Chiroptera, Myotis emarginatus, Myotis mystacinus, North Africa, Nyctalus lasiopterus, Nyctalus leisleri, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Ib{\'a}{\~n}ez, C.} } @article {2931, title = {Nouvelles donn{\'e}es sur les chiropt{\`e}res des {\^{\i}les du Cap-Vert}, journal = {Boll. Mus. reg. Sci. nat. Torino}, volume = {6}, number = {2}, year = {1988}, month = {1988}, pages = {603-615}, abstract = {As a consequence of the recent capture of three bats in the Cape Verde Islands as well as of the study of the Chiroptera specimens from this part of the world which are present in the collections of the Natural History Museums of Florence, Genoa, London and Paris, sixteen specimens of bats have been identified, belonging to five different species: Taphozous nudiventris (4 specimens from S{\~a}o Tiago and 2 from Maio), Pipistrellus savii (4 specimens from Fogo and 2 from S{\~a}o Vicente), Plecotus austriacus (1 specimen from Maio), Pipistrellus kuhli (1 specimen from S{\~a}o Vicente), Miniopterus schreibersi (2 specimens from Santo Ant{\"a}o). The last two species are new for the archipelago. The geographical, geological, climatic, ecological and historical aspects of the islands are also briefly considered.}, keywords = {[Hypsugo] Pipistrellus savii, Africa, Atlantic, biodiversity, Cape Verde Islands, Chiroptera, distribution, ecology, Emballonuridae, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, habitat preferences, island biogeography, Mammalia, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus schreibersii, morphology, Pipistrellus kuhlii, Plecotus austriacus, species richness, systematics, Taphozous nudiventris, taxonomy, Verbreitung, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Azzaroli Puccetti, M. L. and Zava, B.} } @article {5355, title = {The placenta and foetal membranes of the lesser yellow house bat, Scotophilus borbonicus (E. Geoffroy, 1803) (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)}, journal = {S. Afr. J. Zool.}, volume = {23}, number = {4}, year = {1988}, month = {1988}, pages = {320-327}, abstract = {A discoidal hemodichorial placenta is present in Scotophilus borbonicus. Evidence is presented which suggests that histotrophic nutrition, in addition to hemotrophic nutrition, occurs. The foetal trophospongium phagocytoses cell debris and glandular secretions derived from the maternal endometrium (decidua basalis). This cell debris forms a detritus zone between the decidua basalis and trophospongium. The existing concept of the basal lamina (intrasyncytial membrane) of the hemodichorial placenta is described in a modified form.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, histology, microscopy, reproduction, Scotophilus borbonicus [viridis], South Africa, ultrastructure, Vespertilionidae}, author = {van der Merwe, N. J. and Rautenbach, I. L.} } @article {3046, title = {Prolonged sperm storage in male Cape horseshoe bats. An alternative solution to the reproductive limitations of winter hibernation}, journal = {Naturwissenschaften}, volume = {75}, number = {4}, year = {1988}, month = {1988}, pages = {213-214}, keywords = {Chiroptera, delayed fertilization, reproduction, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus capensis, Rhinolophus clivosus, South Africa}, url = {Bernard 1988.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00735588}, author = {Bernard, R. T. F.} } @article {5265, title = {Re-evaluation of Pipistrellus capensis capensis (A. Smith, 1829) (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) and neighboring subspecies in Southern Africa}, journal = {Mammalia}, volume = {52}, number = {2}, year = {1988}, month = {1988}, pages = {199-212}, abstract = {The considerable differences typifying several subspecies of Pipistrellus capensis, and the overlapping distribution of these forms in South Africa, suggest that they have evolved for some time in isolation but are presently re-integrating and sporadically interbreeding as a result of recent ecological changes. Confusion has been superimposed on this unusual situation by the choice as lectotype for P. c. capensis of a specimen typical of the larger western subspecies, and subsequent designation of its type locality in a place marginal to that form.}, keywords = {[Neoromicia] Pipistrellus capensis, Chiroptera, distribution, Flederm{\"a}use, Mammalia, morphology, Southern Africa, systematics, taxonomy, Verbreitung, Vespertilionidae}, url = {Thorn 1988.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mamm.1988.52.2.199}, author = {Thorn, E.} } @article {3059, title = {Relative brain size and morphology of some South African bats}, journal = {S. Afr. J. Zool.}, volume = {23}, number = {1}, year = {1988}, month = {1988}, pages = {52-58}, abstract = {Measures of relative brain size and brain macromorphology are described for four species of Microchiroptera, two from the Vespertilionidae and two from the Rhinolophidae, and two species from the pteropodidae (Megachiroptera). Four brain parameters (brain length, hemisphere length, brain width and brain height) were measured, and converted to indices of proportion to allow interspecific comparison. The megachiropteran species have relatively larger brains than the microchiropteran species, this being primarily a result of the greater development of the cerebral hemispheres in the former group. Of the microchiropteran species, Miniopterus schreibersii has the highest value for comparative brain size and its brain shows several characteristics of the more encephalized Megachiroptera such as reduced exposure of the mesencephalic tectum, and the presence of prominent cerebral sulci. The possibility that the differences in brain size and development between the Megachiroptera and the Microchiroptera, may be related to diet, or that they may be of phylogenetic origin, is discussed.}, keywords = {anatomy, body mass, brain size, Chiroptera, Epomophorus wahlbergi, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus schreibersii [natalensis], Myotis tricolor, Pteropodidae, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus capensis, Rhinolophus clivosus, Rousettus aegyptiacus, South Africa, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Bernard, R. T. F. and Paton, J. and Sheppey, K.} } @article {3773, title = {Renal form and function in relation to the ecology of bats (Chiroptera) from Malawi, Central Africa}, journal = {J. Zool. (Lond.)}, volume = {215}, number = {4}, year = {1988}, month = {1988}, pages = {629-655}, abstract = {The ratio of the medulla to the cortex (M/C ratio) was determined for three species of Megachiroptera, and the ratio of the inner medulla to the cortex (IM/C ratio) was determined for 28 species of insect-eating Microchiroptera from diverse savanna and montane habitats within Malawi. Although all these species occur in the southern savanna biotic zone of Africa, each varies in its ability to exploit the African rainforest, arid and desert biotic zones. The kidneys of th eMegachiroptera were very different to those of the insect-eating Microchiroptera, and these differences were related to the need of fruit-bats to excrete the surplus water associated with their diet. The urine concentrating capacity of each species of Microchiroptera was predicted from the IM/C ratio. Family characteristics were examined, and the urine concentrating capacities of the Malawian bats were compared with bats from elsewhere, and with some rodents. The insect-eating Microchiroptera exemplified a very diverse range of IM/C ratios. The IM/C ratio of each species was compared with its drinking behaviour in captivity, diet, foraging strategy, flight, aspect ratio, domicile, roosting behaviour and habitat. It was hypothesized that the ability of insect-eating Microchiroptera to conserve urinary water would be an advantage to species: (a) living in xeric habitats; (b) adapted for sustained high-speed flight; (c) roosting in hot dry domiciles; (d) roosting in solitude; and (e) living at high altitudes where seasonal low temperatures induce torpidity. These hypotheses were tested, and it was concluded that, while the ability to conserve urinary water may have been an advantage in most of these situations, it was not essential.}, keywords = {behaviour, Chiroptera, diet, ecology, Flederm{\"a}use, habitat preferences, kindeys, Malawi, Mammalia, morphology, Nahrung, physiology, Pteropodidae, Southern Africa, urine, water}, author = {Happold, D. C. D. and Happold, M.} } @article {4678, title = {Reproduction of the Egyptian fruit bat Rousettus aegyptiacus in the southern tropics}, journal = {S. Afr. J. Wildl. Res.}, volume = {18}, number = {3}, year = {1988}, month = {1988}, pages = {88-92}, abstract = {Egyptian fruit bats Rousettus aegyptiacus had a single restricted annual breeding season at Pafuri in the Kruger National Park. Spermatogenesis reached a peak in May, as indicated by seminiferous tubule diameter. Spermiophagy by macrophages in the cauda epididymis occurred during November to January. Seminal vesicle secretions were discrete globular structures. Mating took place in July and August, followed by parturition in November and December. Lactation lasted ca two months. The overall pregnancy rate was 95\%.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, lactation, mating, parturition, Pteropodidae, reproduction, Rousettus aegyptiacus, South Africa, spermatogenesis}, author = {Penzhorn, B. L. and Rautenbach, I. L.} } @article {4461, title = {The reproductive cycle of male long-fingered bats, Miniopterus minor (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae), in a seasonal environment of the African tropics}, journal = {J. Zool. (Lond.)}, volume = {216}, number = {1}, year = {1988}, month = {1988b}, pages = {119-129}, abstract = {A cave population of Miniopterus minor had a seasonally monoestrous reproductive cycle that corrsponded closely to the rainfall-induced seasonality of coastal Kenya (4{\textdegree}S). Males had pronounced cycles of body weight resulting from the deposition of fat during periods of relative food abundance in both rainy seasons, and its depletion during competitive mating and the dry seasons, when numbers of insects were lowest. The annual period of sexual regeneration clearly followed the increase in body weight which occurred during the {\textquoteright}long rains{\textquoteright} (April-June). Testicular recrudescence was accompanied by hypertrophy of the accessory glands and all reproductive organs involuted after mating in July, remaining inactive until the following April. An annual moult corresponded with the improvement in body condition that occurred at the beginning of the {\textquoteright}long rains{\textquoteright}. The growth of new pelage was completed in May, by which time ambient temperatures had dropped and adult males entered a diurnal torpor that lasted over much of the colder {\textquoteright}long dry season{\textquoteright} (July-October). The secretion of a pungent substance in the urine of adult males coincided with peak testicular activity during the annually competitive occupancy of a mating site (May-July).}, keywords = {Chiroptera, East Africa, Kenya, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus minor, reproduction, seasonality}, author = {McWilliam, A. N.} } @article {4460, title = {The reproductive cycle of male tomb bats, Taphozous hildegardeae (Chiroptera: Emballonuridae), in a seasonal environment of the African tropics}, journal = {J. Zool. (Lond.)}, volume = {215}, number = {3}, year = {1988}, month = {1988c}, pages = {433-442}, abstract = {Two cave populations of Hildegarde{\textquoteright}s tomb bat had a reproductive cycle that corresponded closely to the rainfall-induced seasonality of coastal Kenya (4{\textdegree}S). Males had pronounced bimodal cycles of body weight due to the deposition of fat during periods of relative food abundance in both rainy seasons, and fat depletion during competitive mating and the dry seasons, when numbers of moths were lowest. The main period of sexual regeneration coincided with the increase in body weight experienced during the {\textquoteright}long rains{\textquoteright} (April-June) and led to mating. A secondary peak in the weights of male sexual glands, associated with the increase in body weight that occurred in the {\textquoteright}short rains{\textquoteright} (October-December), did not result in reproduction. It is suggested that this latter period of sexual activity was related to the maintenance of year-round harems, and may represent the male response to a vestigial, bimodally polyoestrous, reproductive cycle.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, East Africa, Emballonuridae, Kenya, reproduction, roosting, seasonality, Taphozous hildegardeae}, author = {McWilliam, A. N.} } @article {4105, title = {Scrotal melanins in bats (Chiroptera): Description, distribution and function}, journal = {J. Zool. (Lond.)}, volume = {214}, number = {3}, year = {1988}, month = {1988}, pages = {519-532}, abstract = {Several species of bats contain pigment granules within the scrotal skin, tunica vaginalis, or tunica albuginea surrounding the testis and/or epididymis. Seventy-two species of bats, representing 49 genera were examined for the presence of such pigmentation. Histological, chemical and spectrophotometric tests were performed and confirmed the pigment as melanin. Melanin was found only in the families Pteropidae, Megadermatidae, Myzopodidae and Vespertilionidae. A strong correlation exists between scrotal pigmentation and roosting in locations where the bats are exposed to solar radiation. Melanin pigmentation in the scrotal region appears to be an adaption protecting male germinal tissue from the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation. In one species, Lavia frons, melanin deposited within the scrotal skin appears to have a social/ reproductive communication function.}, keywords = {behaviour, Chiroptera, colour, communication, Emballonuridae, Furipteridae, Mammalia, Megadermatidae, Molossidae, Mormoopidae, Natalidae, Noctilionidae, Nycteridae, Phyllostomidae, Pteropodidae, reproduction, Rhinolophidae, Rhinopomatidae, scrotum, Thyropteridae}, author = {Kermott, L. H. and Timm, R. M.} } @article {4459, title = {Social organisation of the bat Tadarida (Chaerephon) pumila (Chiroptera: Molossidae) in Ghana, West Africa}, journal = {Ethology}, volume = {77}, number = {2}, year = {1988}, month = {1988a}, pages = {115-124}, abstract = {The social organisation of the polyoestrous bat, Tadarida pumila, was studied in northern Ghana (W. Africa). Although this small (8.5 g) free-tailed bat is not sexually dimorphic in size, adult males develop an odorous inter-aural crest of long hairs. A social system based on female defense polygyny was found which, however, also involved elements of resource defense. Harems, each generally established in the roof space of separate dwelling houses with restricted access, consisted of an adult male and up to 21 females, with their young, and the larger harems were held by heavier males. Harem composition was stable and both harem males and females showed high site fidelity over the study span of 16 months.}, keywords = {Chaerephon pumilus, Chiroptera, day roosts, female defense polygyny, Flederm{\"a}use, Ghana, harem, Mammalia, mating systems, Molossidae, morphology, reproduction, roosting behaviour, social behaviour, social organization, West Africa}, url = {McWilliam 1988a.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.1988.tb00197.x}, author = {McWilliam, A. N.} } @article {2894, title = {Statut de trois esp{\`e}ces de chiropt{\`e}res rares au Maroc: Nycteris thebaica, Hipposideros caffer et Pipistrellus rueppelli}, journal = {Z. S{\"a}ugetierk.}, volume = {53}, number = {6}, year = {1988}, month = {1988}, pages = {321-324}, abstract = {Discussed is the occurrence of three rare species of bats in Morocco. Nycteris thebaica and Hipposideros caffer originate from Africa, south of the Sahara; in Morocco they live exclusively along the Atlantic coast. Pipistrellus rueppelli which was caught in the presaharian area (Tafilalt) is reported for the first time in Morocco. The populations of all three species are considered as remnants.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, distribution, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros tephrus, Mammalia, Morocco, North Africa, Nycteridae, Nycteris thebaica, Pipistrellus rueppellii, species richness, systematics, taxonomy, Vespertilionidae, zoogeography}, author = {Arlettaz, R. and Aulagnier, S.} } @book {4751, title = {A Survey of Cave-Dwelling Bats on the South Coast of Kenya}, year = {1988}, month = {1988}, pages = {59}, publisher = {Unpublished Report of the 1988 Aberdeen University Expedition}, organization = {Unpublished Report of the 1988 Aberdeen University Expedition}, address = {Dep. of Zoology, Univ. of Aberdeen}, keywords = {Cardioderma cor, caves, Chiroptera, coastal forests, Coleura afra, colony size, conservation, day roosts, East Africa, Emballonuridae, habitat destruction, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros commersoni [gigas-vittatus], Hipposideros ruber, Kenya, Megadermatidae, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus minor, monitoring, Nycteridae, Nycteris thebaica, population counts, Pteropodidae, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus landeri, Rousettus aegyptiacus, Taphozous hildegardeae, threats, tourism, Triaenops persicus [afer]}, author = {Pont, S. M.} } @article {3028, title = {Taxonomy and biogeography of African fruit bats (Mammalia, Megachiroptera). 1. General introduction; material and methods; results: The genus Epomophorus Bennet, 1836}, journal = {Beaufortia}, volume = {38}, number = {5}, year = {1988}, month = {1988}, pages = {75-146}, abstract = {This first part of a revision of African fruit bats contains a short general Introduction and a section Materials and Methods, both pertaining to all parts {\textendash} as are the first remarks under Results {\textendash} and a study of the genus Epomophorus Bennett, 1836. Prior important descriptions of Epomophorus are reviewed and current concepts of the generic characters relative rostrum length; relative palatal length; depression of postdental palate; palatal ridge pattern; and sexual dimorphism are modified. Of all problematical taxa within the genus type specimens have been examined. The following six species are retained: Epomophorus angolensis Gray, 1870; E. gambianus (Ogilby, 1835); E. grandis (Sanborn, 1950); E. labiatus (Temminck, 1837); E. minor Dobson, 1880; E. wahlbergi (Sundevall, 1846). On morphological and distributional grounds E. crypturus Peters, 1852 and E. pousarguesi Trouessart, 1904 are ranked as subspecies of E. gambianus. The holotype and only known adult specimens of E. reii Aellen, 1950 is considered an aberrant specimen of E. g. gambianus, and E. reii is synonymized with that species. On allometric grounds E. gambianus parvus Ansell, 1960 is considered a synonym of E. gambianus crypturus. Based on an examination of the type specimen, the skull of which is figured for the first time, arguments are put forward for a new concept of E. labiatus, deviating considerably from the standard set by Andersen in 1912. Its type locality is changed from "Sennar" into the original ""Abyssinia" again. E. anurus is synonymized with E. labiatus and denied the subspecific status granted to it by other authors. The geographical variation of size within E. wahlbergi is analyzed and as a result subspecific divisions on the basis of differences in size are rejected as untenable. Hence, E. wahlbergi haldemani (Hallowell, 1846) is considered a synonym of E. wahlbergi. As E. minor is apparently sympatric with E. labiatus in several areas, it is treated as specifically distinct from that species. It is made clear, nevertheless, that their mutual distinctness may not hold throughout their shared distribution area. Examination of the skull characters and soft palate has led to the transfer of Micropteropus grandis Sanborn, 1950 to the genus Epomophorus. The distribution patterns of all species are critically assessed and associated with the vegetation types distinguished by White (1983). For the first time, pan-African distribution maps, including many new records, are given for all species and subspecies.}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, Epomophorus angolensis, Epomophorus gambianus, Epomophorus grandis, Epomophorus labiatus, Epomophorus minor, Epomophorus wahlbergi, Micropteropus, Pteropodidae, revision, systematics, Vegetation, zoogeography}, author = {Bergmans, W.} } @article {4157, title = {Three new bats for mainland Tanzania (Mammalia: Chiroptera)}, journal = {Senckenbergiana biol.}, volume = {68}, number = {4/6}, year = {1988}, month = {1988 [for 1987]}, pages = {223-239}, abstract = {Rhinolophus blasii empusa, Rh. swinnyi (Rhinolophidae) and Laephotis wintoni (Vespertilionidae) are added to the bat fauna of mainland Tanzania. Measurements are given and the ranges of the species are mapped. The number of bat species presently known from Tanzania is 78.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, distribution, East Africa, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, Laephotis wintoni, Mammalia, maps, morphology, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus blasii empusa, Rhinolophus swinnyi, species richness, systematics, Tanzania, taxonomy, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Kock, D. and Howell. K. M.} } @article {3977, title = {Thyroid hormones, testosterone, and estradiol-17{\^a} in plasma of Epomops franqueti (Tomes, 1860) (Chiroptera) in the rain forest of the equator}, journal = {General \& Comparative Endocrinology}, volume = {69}, number = {3}, year = {1988}, month = {1988}, pages = {378-380}, abstract = {Using Japanese catching nets a total of 77 males and 37 females of the fruit eating bat Epomops franqueti (Megachiroptera) were captured during a period of 1 year around Kisangani (Zaire). Adult males with white epaulets weighing 143 {\textpm} 3.6 g (18) had their testes present in the scrotum and higher plasma concentrations of thyroxine (T4) and testosterone than adult males without epaulets and with abdominal testes (weight 107.5 {\textpm} 2.0 g (39)) or juveniles (72.7 {\textpm} 2.8 g (20)). Mean embryo weight of pregnant bats was 4.26 {\textpm}1.09 g (12) ranging from 1.8 to 14.8 g whereas body weight of mothers (+ embryos) was 117.0 {\textpm} 3.6 g (12). Body weight of nonpregnant bats was 107.3 {\textpm} 2.1 (10) and of female juveniles 74.6 {\textpm} 4.3 (15). Plasma concentrations of triiodothyronine (T3) were lowest in nonpregnant adults and comparable in juveniles and pregnant bats. No difference in plasma T4 concentrations was found between all groups. Estradiol-17{\^a} concentrations were three times higher in pregnant bats compared to nonpregnant ones or juveniles. A possible relationship between these high figures and elevated T3 values has been discussed.}, keywords = {Central Africa, Chiroptera, Congo (Kinshasa), endocrinology, Epomops franqueti, hormones, Pteropodidae, reproduction}, author = {Ifuta, N. B. and Gevaerts, H. and K{\"u}hn, E. R.} } @article {4934, title = {Vorkommen und relative H{\"a}ufigkeiten von S{\"a}ugetieren im Tai-Regenwald der Elfenbeink{\"u}ste}, journal = {S{\"a}ugetierkdl. Mitt.}, volume = {33}, year = {1988}, month = {1988 [for 1986]}, pages = {171-193}, keywords = {Chiroptera, ecology, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, habitat preferences, Ivory Coast, Mammalia, Pteropodidae, rainforests, species abundance, West Africa, zoogeography}, author = {Roth, H. H. and Merz, G.} } @article {3906, title = {The baculum in the Vespertilioninae (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) with a systematic review, a synopsis of Pipistrellus and Eptesicus, and the desriptions of a new genus and subgenus}, journal = {Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Zool.)}, volume = {52}, number = {7}, year = {1987}, month = {1987}, pages = {225-305}, abstract = {Current classification of the Vespertilioninae rests chiefly on a suite of mainly adaptive characters, among which facial shortening throughout the subfamily with consequent changes in the structure, size, relative position and number of the incisive and premolar teeth features prominently. Such characters may not necessarily reflect relationships or phyletic diversity, and sometimes do not serve properly to distinguish the genera that they purport to define, as in the distinction of Pipistrellus and Eptesicus, where generic boundaries remain unclear. The search for possibly less strongly adaptive features suggested the possibility that the morphology of the os penis or baculum might prove valuable in the study of the systematics of these genera and perhaps in the subfamily as a whole.This paper reviews earlier studies of the baculum in the Chiroptera and their relevance to systematics in the Order, with an examination of its gross morphology throughout the Vespertilioninae, especial attention being given to species currently allocated either to Pipistrellus or to Eptesicus. A synoptic review of the species content of these genera is presented, with the recognition and definition of subgenera and included species groups: three such (pumilus, capensis and tenuipinnis) currently referred to Eptesicus on dental grounds seem instead more closely related to Pipistrellus to which they are here transferred. One subgenus of Pipistrellus is described as new (p. 250).The Vespertilioninae as a whole display a wide range of bacular variation, which falls into two major and several minor groups. This has suggested a revision of the current classification of the subfamily, combining bacular features with those conventionally in use. Bacular morphology provides a clear indication that the {\textquoteright}Nycticeini{\textquoteright} (or {\textquoteright}Nycticeiini{\textquoteright}) is an artificial grouping and that the genus Nycticeius as presently understood is composite. Currently it is held to include two species, the North American humeralis and the African schlieffenii: these are here thought to be sufficiently characterised to justify generic separation and a new generic name is proposed for schlieffenii (p. 254).A suggested classification of the subfamily is presented, with a tabulated review of earlier classifications; possible relationships between the constituent genera are discussed and the zoogeography of the bacular types within the subfamily is examined.}, keywords = {Africa, Arielulus subgen. nov., Asia, baculum, Chiroptera, distribution, Erstbeschreibung, Europe, evolution, Falsistrellus, Flederm{\"a}use, Hypsugo, Mammalia, morphology, Neoromicia, Nycticeinops gen. nov., Nycticeius, Os penis, Perimyotis, phylogeny, revision, Rhinopterus, species richness, systematics, taxonomy, Vespadelus, Vespertilionidae, zoogeography}, author = {Hill, J. Edwards and Harrison, D. L.} } @article {5377, title = {Behavioral thermoregulation in the African yellow-winged bat}, journal = {J. Mamm.}, volume = {68}, number = {2}, year = {1987}, month = {1987}, pages = {376-378}, abstract = {The author observed five pairs of African yellow-winged bats (Lavia frons) in Kenya, East Africa, for 203 weeks each month. These monogamous bats are insectivorous and territorial. Pairs usually roosted by day in the crowns of Acacia tortilis, moved to different roost several times each day, and changed their roosting-site preferences seasonally. This report considers these movements in relation to seasonal changes in temperature, rainfall, and the phenology of A. tortilis.}, keywords = {behaviour, Chiroptera, day roosts, East Africa, Kenya, Lake Baringo, Lavia frons, Megadermatidae, physiology, roosting, seasonality, thermoregulation}, author = {Vaughan, T. A.} } @book {5455, title = {The Crocodile Caves of Ankarana 1986. An Expedition to Study and Explore the Limestone Massif of Ankarana in Northern Madagascar}, year = {1987}, month = {1987}, pages = {90}, publisher = {Privately published report}, organization = {Privately published report}, address = {Bristol}, keywords = {Africa, archaeology, Aves, botany, caves, Chiroptera, conservation, Insecta, karst, Madagascar, Mammalia, Primates, Reptilia, survey, tsingy}, author = {Wilson, J. and Chapman, P. and Walters, R.} } @article {4450, title = {The crocodile caves of Ankarana: Expedition to northern Madagascar, 1986. Bats}, journal = {Cave Science}, volume = {14}, number = {3}, year = {1987}, month = {1987}, pages = {114}, keywords = {[Mormopterus] Tadarida jugularis, Africa, caves, Chiroptera, day roosts, Eidolon helvum dupraneum [E. dupreanum], Emballonura atrata, Emballonuridae, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros commersoni, Madagascar, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus inflatus africanus, Miniopterus minor manavi, Molossidae, Myotis goudoti, Pteropodidae, survey, Triaenops furculus, Triaenops persicus rufus, Vespertilionidae}, author = {McHale, M.} } @article {3654, title = {The diet of the barn owl, Tyto alba (Scopoli), in Nairobi, Kenya}, journal = {Journal of the East Africa Natural History Society and National Museums}, volume = {75}, number = {187}, year = {1987}, month = {1987}, pages = {1-7}, abstract = {The food of the barn owl, Tyto alba (Scopoli), was studied by the analysis of undigested remains of prey found in regurgitated pellets. About 1200 pellets were obtained from a nest site at Karen (36{\textdegree}12{\textquoteright}E; 1{\textdegree}21{\textquoteright}), in Nairobi, during the period January 1977-July 1979.Analysis of the skeletal remains found in the pellets revealed that rodents made up 63.8\% of the diet, with the multimammate rat Mastomys natalensis being the principal single species. Anurans made up 18.8\%, crociduras 12.7\% and birds 4.6\% of the total prey items. Bats, lizards and invertebrates formed a minor proportion. Thus, diverse and varying quantities of non-rodent prey were taken by barn owls at Karen. Consequently, it appears that the owl would readily switch from the preferred rodent prey to other items during difficult periods. The owl seemed to be an opportunistic feeder with a relatively small hunting range and a preference for hunting in open habitats.}, keywords = {Amphibia, Anura, Aves, Chiroptera, diet, East Africa, Kenya, Mammalia, predation, prey, Reptilia, Rodentia, Soricidae, Strigiformes, Tyto alba, Tytonidae}, author = {Gichuki, C. M.} } @article {3978, title = {Etude du r{\'e}gime alimentaire de quelques esp{\`e}ces des M{\'e}gachiropt{\`e}res de la r{\'e}gion de Kisangani (Za{\"{\i}re)}, journal = {Ann. Fac. Sci., Kisangani}, volume = {4}, year = {1987}, month = {1987}, pages = {111-120}, keywords = {Casinycteris argynnis, Central Africa, Chiroptera, Congo (Kinshasa), diet, Eidolon helvum, Epomophorus anurus [labiatus], Epomops franqueti, food, frugivory, Hypsignathus monstrosus, Megaloglossus woermanni, Myonycteris torquata, plants, Pteropodidae, Rousettus aegyptiacus}, author = {Ifuta, N. B. and Katuala, G. B. and Bola, M. L.} } @article {2989, title = {Evidence of a harem social system in Hipposideros caffer (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) in Zimbabwe}, journal = {J. Trop. Ecol.}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, year = {1987}, month = {1987}, pages = {87-90}, abstract = {Harem-like mating systems have been documented for several neotropical bat species, including Artibeus jamaicensis (Morrison 1979, Morrison \& Morrison 1981), and Phyllostomus hastatus (McCracken \& Bradbury 1981). The factors determining the form of mating systems in mammals are not always clear, but both resource-defence and female-defence have been identified as factors in the dynamics of bat harem systems (see reviews in Bradbury 1977 and Kunz et al. 1983). Here the author reports on some limited observations of the social behaviour of a small African leaf-nosed bat (Hipposideridae) from Zimbabwe.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Flederm{\"a}use, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros caffer, social behaviour, Southern Africa, Zimbabwe}, author = {Bell, G. P.} } @book {4743, title = {Field Guide to the Mammals of the Kruger National Park}, year = {1987}, month = {1987}, pages = {176}, publisher = {C. Struik Publishers}, organization = {C. Struik Publishers}, address = {Cape Town, South Africa}, keywords = {checklist, Chiroptera, distribution, Emballonuridae, Hipposideridae, Mammalia, Miniopteridae, Molossidae, Nycteridae, Pteropodidae, Rhinolophidae, South Africa, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Pienaar, U. d. V. and Joubert, S. C. J. and Hall-Martin, A. and de Graaff, G. and Rautenbach, I. L.} } @article {4565, title = {First record of Miniopterus schreibersi (Kuhl 1819) (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from North Yemen with zoogeographical relationship evidenced by wing mites (Acarina: Spinturnicidae)}, journal = {Senckenbergiana biol.}, volume = {67}, number = {4/6}, year = {1987}, month = {1987}, pages = {225-229}, abstract = {Miniopterus schreibersi is recorded for the first time from North Yemen. Because of slightly smaller measurements and geographical proximity the authors identify the SW-Arabian population as M. s. arenarius, described from E-Africa. For the first time Spinturnicidae as Spinturnix semilunaris. This is an Aethiopian faunal element, replaced by S. psi on M. s. pallidus in the Near East. This finding supports their classification of the SW-Arabian host population with the E-African subspecies, M. s. arenarius.}, keywords = {Acari, Africa, Arabia, Chiroptera, distribution, ectoparasites, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, host-parasite relationships, Mammalia, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus schreibersii arenarius, Miniopterus schreibersii pallidus, morphology, Palaearctic, parasitism, Spinturnicidae, Spinturnix psi, Spinturnix semilunaris, systematics, taxonomy, Verbreitung, Yemen}, author = {Nader, I. A. and Kock, D.} } @article {3559, title = {Foraging and habitat use by Nycteris grandis (Chiroptera: Nycteridae) in Zimbabwe}, journal = {J. Zool. (Lond.)}, volume = {211}, number = {4}, year = {1987}, month = {1987}, pages = {709-716}, abstract = {This study describes the foraging strategies, foraging areas, and roosts used by four female radio-tagged Nycteris grandis along the Zambezi River in Mana Pools National Park in Zimbabwe. The bats exhibited two foraging strategies, sometimes hunting from perches, other times flying continuously close to the ground. Some individuals used one strategy more than the other. During the study, the bats fed mainly on frogs, selecting only Ptychadena anchietae; they also took crickets, moths and cicadas. Each bat usually consumed two frogs each night and patterns of occupation of feeding perches suggest that their foraging efficiency was between 21 and 36\%. The marked bats roosted in an old water tower or in a hollow Acacia albida. Four of five marked females were nursing young during this study.}, keywords = {Amphibia, Anura, carnivory, Chiroptera, day roosts, diet, food, foraging, Insecta, Nycteridae, Nycteris grandis, perch hunting, radio-tracking, reproduction, Southern Africa, Zimbabwe}, url = {Fenton et al. 1987.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1987.tb04481.x}, author = {Fenton, M. B. and Cumming, D. H. M. and Hutton, J. M. and Swanepoel, C. M.} } @article {4142, title = {Micropteropus intermedius Hayman 1963 und andere Flederm{\"a}use vom unteren Za{\"{\i}re (Mammalia: Chiroptera)}, journal = {Senckenbergiana biol.}, volume = {67}, number = {4/6}, year = {1987}, note = {See Noack 1889}, month = {1987a}, pages = {219-224}, abstract = {A fourth specimen is reported and additional measurements are given for a female Micropteropus intermedius from the mouth of Zaire River. The species is known only from moist savanna SW of the central African forest block. A last century bat collection from lower Zaire River is reviewed (with fixation of a paralectotype for Epomophorus zenkeri Matschie 1899) and an additional one listed in appendices. Additional material examined of M. pusillus is from Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, and Ethiopia.}, keywords = {[Neoromicia nana] Pipistrellus nanus, Central Africa, Chiroptera, Congo (Kinshasa), distribution, Epomops franqueti, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, Mammalia, Megaloglossus woermanni, Micropteropus intermedius, Micropteropus pusillus, Molossidae, Mops niveiventer, Pteropodidae, Scotophilus dinganii, systematics, taxonomy, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Kock, D.} } @article {4536, title = {Nycteria medusiformis Garnham and Heisch, 1953: A malaria parasite of the Egyptian insectivorous bat, Taphozous perforatus}, journal = {Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology}, volume = {17}, number = {1}, year = {1987}, month = {1987}, pages = {1-7}, abstract = {A malarian parasite belonging to the genus Nycteria was observed for the first time in the erythrocytes and liver parenchyma cells of the Egyptian insectivorous bat, Taphozous perforatus. Young and mature gametocytes were demonstrated in the erythrocytes. Both sexes of the gametocytes are similar in size, but the microgametocytes differ from the macrogametocytes in having filaments or flagella protruding onto the surface of infected host cells. The compact immature schizsots are spherical or oval with granular cytoplasm and several large nuclei. Growing schizonts have irregular outline, while mature schizonts possess surface indentations and lobulated contour. Comparison between this and the other malaria parasites found in bats confirms its identity to Nycteria medusiformis.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Egypt, Emballonuridae, endoparasites, malaria, North Africa, Nycteria, parasitism, Protozoa, Taphozous perforatus}, author = {Morsy, T. A. and Khaled, M. L. and Bebars, M. A. and Ramadan, N. F. and Abdel Hamid, M. Y.} } @article {4143, title = {Tadarida teniotis (Rafinesque, 1814): Zweiter Nachweis f{\"u}r Marokko, w-pal{\"a}arktische Arealgrenzen und taxonomische Anmerkungen (Chiroptera: Molossidae)}, journal = {Z. S{\"a}ugetierk.}, volume = {52}, number = {3}, year = {1987}, month = {1987b}, pages = {194-196}, keywords = {Arabia, Chiroptera, distribution, Europe, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, Mammalia, Molossidae, Morocco, North Africa, Palaearctic, systematics, Tadarida teniotis, taxonomy}, author = {Kock, D.} } @book {3770, title = {The Mammals of Nigeria}, year = {1987}, month = {1987}, pages = {402}, publisher = {Clarendon}, organization = {Clarendon}, address = {Oxford}, keywords = {behaviour, biodiversity, Chiroptera, communities, conservation, ecology, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, guilds, habitat preferences, Mammalia, morphology, Pteropodidae, species richness, systematics, taxonomy, Vegetation, West Africa, zoogeography}, author = {Happold, D. C. D.} } @article {2800, title = {Morphology, echolocation and resource partitioning in insectivorous bats}, journal = {J. Anim. Ecol.}, volume = {56}, number = {3}, year = {1987}, month = {1987}, pages = {763-778}, abstract = {(1) Two hypotheses are tested in this paper: (i) wing morphology and echolocation-call {\textquoteright}design{\textquoteright} can determine foraging site selection and foraging behaviour in bats, (ii) echolocation-call {\textquoteright}design{\textquoteright} should be compatible with wing morphology (because some combinations of morphology and echolocation call would be maladaptive).(2) In support of our first hypothesis, significant correlations were established between wing morphology, echolocation call design, manoeuvrability and habitat use.(3) In support of our second hypothesis, significant correlations were established between those morphological parameters that improve manoeuvrability (low wingloading, low aspect ratio and high wingtip shape index) and echolocation calls that are resistant to acoustic clutter in support of our second hypothesis.(4) There was an association between foraging habitat and diet: bats that fed in the same habitats tended to take the same types of prey, while species foraging in different habitats had significantly different diets.(5) There was also a significant correlation between prey and predator size; large bats took insects over a range of sizes while small bats fed only on small prey.}, keywords = {behaviour, Beuteortung, Beutespektrum, biodiversity, Chiroptera, communities, diet, echolocation, ecology, Emballonuridae, feeding habits, Flederm{\"a}use, food distribution, foraging, guilds, habitat preferences, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros caffer, Hipposideros commersoni [vittatus], Kruger National Park, Mammalia, Molossidae, Mops midas, Nahrung, Nahrungsspektrum, Nahrungswahl, Neoromicia capensis, Neoromicia nana, Nycteridae, Nycteris thebaica, Nycticeinops schlieffenii, Pafuri area, Pipistrellus rueppellii, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus fumigatus, Rhinolophus hildebrandtii, Rhinolophus landeri, Rhinolophus swinnyi, Scotophilus borbonicus, Scotophilus dinganii, South Africa, species richness, sympatric, Tadarida fulminans, Taphozous mauritianus, Vegetation, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Aldridge, H. D. J. N. and Rautenbach, I. L.} } @article {5115, title = {New mammal records for the Karoo National Park, with notes on several other species}, journal = {Koedoe}, volume = {30}, number = {1}, year = {1987}, month = {1987}, pages = {133-137}, abstract = {Five species of mammal are recorded for the first time in the Karoo National Park: Suncus varilla, Nycteris thebaica, Aethomys granti, Petromyscus collinus and Desmodillus auricularis. The presence of a golden mole, Chrysochloridae, is noted. Notes on three previously recorded species are presented.}, keywords = {Aonyx capensis, Canidae, Carnivora, Chiroptera, Cricetidae, Desmodillus auricularis, Diospyros lycioides, distribution, frugivory, Mammalia, Muridae, Mustelidae, Nycteridae, Nycteris thebaica, Otocyon megalotis, Petromyscus collinus, Rattus granti, Rodentia, Soricidae, Soricomorpha, South Africa, Suncus varilla}, author = {Stuart, C. T. and Stuart, T. D. and Braack, H. H.} } @article {2906, title = {Notes sur quelques chauves-souris du Burkina}, journal = {Science et Technique}, volume = {17}, number = {1-2}, year = {1987}, month = {1987}, pages = {77-79}, keywords = {[Nycticeinops schlieffenii] Nycticeius schlieffeni, Burkina Faso, Chiroptera, ecology, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, Mammalia, morphology, Nycteridae, Nycteris thebaica [N. macrotis], Scotophilus leucogaster, systematics, taxonomy, Vespertilionidae, West Africa}, author = {Aulagnier, S. and Coquillart, H. and Thonn{\'e}rieux, Y. and Garcin, R.} } @article {4339, title = {Observations on mating behaviour in the common slit-faced bat Nycteris thebaica}, journal = {Madoqua}, volume = {15}, number = {2}, year = {1987}, month = {1987}, pages = {183-185}, abstract = {Precopulatory and copulatory sequences of mating behaviour are described in a microchiropteran bat. After a brief period of courtship, copulation occurs in flight with both bats hovering. Copulation is of short duration and is repeated up to three times.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, copulation, Etosha National Park, flight, Namibia, Nycteridae, Nycteris thebaica, Southern Africa}, author = {Lindeque, M.} } @article {3239, title = {Observations on the activity patterns of the lesser yellow house bat, Scotophilus viridis}, journal = {S. Afr. J. Zool.}, volume = {22}, number = {2}, year = {1987}, month = {1987}, pages = {175}, abstract = {The activity patterns of the lesser yellow house bat, Scotophilus viridis, were observed during December 1984. Whilst the activity patterns of the species as a whole were in agreement with published data, significant differences between the activity patterns of males and females were found. The majority of females were active between 19h00 and 21h00, whilst the activity of males peaked between 21h00 and 22h00.}, keywords = {activity patterns, Chiroptera, Scotophilus viridis, sex differences, Southern Africa, Vespertilionidae, Zimbabwe}, author = {Cotterill, F. P. D. and Giddings, S. R.} } @article {3334, title = {Opportunistic predation on alate termites in Kenya}, journal = {Biotropica}, volume = {19}, number = {2}, year = {1987}, month = {1987}, pages = {185-187}, keywords = {Aves, Chiroptera, East Africa, feeding, foraging, Insecta, Isoptera, Lavia frons, Macrotermes subhyalinus, Mammalia, mating flights, Megadermatidae, nuptial flights, predation pressure, Reptilia}, url = {Dial \& Vaughan 1987.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2388744}, author = {Dial, K. P. and Vaughan, T. A.} } @article {5336, title = {Other bat species in maternity caves occupied by Miniopterus schreibersii natalensis}, journal = {S. Afr. J. Wildl. Res.}, volume = {17}, number = {1}, year = {1987}, month = {1987}, pages = {25-27}, abstract = {During visits to known maternity caves of Miniopterus schreibersii natalensis in the Transvaal (where vast numbers of females arrive seasonally to give birth and suckle their young), it has become apparent that these caves are not frequently used by other species during those periods when large numbers of M. s. natalensis females are present.}, keywords = {caves, Chiroptera, climate, Cloeotis percivali, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros caffer, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus natalensis, Myotis tricolor, Nycteridae, Nycteris thebaica, reproduction, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus blasii, Rhinolophus clivosus, Rhinolophus hildebrandtii, Rhinolophus simulator, seasonality, South Africa, temperature, Vespertilionidae}, author = {van der Merwe, M.} } @article {5379, title = {Parental behavior in the African yellow-winged bat (Lavia frons)}, journal = {J. Mamm.}, volume = {68}, number = {2}, year = {1987}, month = {1987}, pages = {217-223}, abstract = {The parental behavior of five monogamous pairs of African yellow-winged bats (Lavia frons) was observed in Kenya. Each female bore a single young, which clung to its mother continuously until about one week before it first flew and foraged. Newly volant young foraged with their parents and soon developed foraging performance that closely resembled that of their parents. Young were weaned about 20 days after becoming volant. Until at least 50 days after its first flight, each young shared its parents{\textquoteright} territory, synchronized its grooming and foraging periods with those of its parents, and periodically huddled against its mother when roosting. Recurring but unpredictable periods of low insect density have seemingly selected for an extended period of parent-young association, during which the young become skilled opportunistic foragers.}, keywords = {activity patterns, behaviour, Chiroptera, day roosts, diet, East Africa, ecology, Flederm{\"a}use, food distribution, foraging, habitat preferences, insectivory, Kenya, Lavia frons, Mammalia, Megadermatidae, monogamy, Nahrung, Nahrungsspektrum, opportunistic feeder, parental care, reproduction, roosting behaviour, seasonality, social behaviour, social organization, territoriality, Vegetation}, author = {Vaughan, T. A. and Vaughan, R. P.} } @article {4457, title = {Polyoestry and postpartum oestrus in Tadarida (Chaerephon) pumila (Chiroptera: Molossidae) in northern Ghana, West Africa}, journal = {J. Zool. (Lond.)}, volume = {213}, number = {4}, year = {1987}, month = {1987a}, pages = {735-739}, keywords = {Chaerephon pumilus, Chiroptera, Ghana, Molossidae, reproduction, West Africa}, author = {McWilliam, A. N.} } @article {5344, title = {Post-partum oestrus in the little free-tailed bat, Tadarida (Chaerephon) pumila (Microchiroptera: Molossidae) at 24{\textdegree}S}, journal = {J. Zool. (Lond.)}, volume = {213}, number = {2}, year = {1987}, month = {1987}, pages = {317-326}, abstract = {Tadarida pumila exhibits post-partum oestrus in the sub-tropical latitudes of Southern Africa. Females nursing their first young of the season were either pregnant or had large Graafian follicles in their right ovaries. Further evidence that ovulation occurs soon after parturition was found in the ovaries, where follicles were developing alongside the corpora lutea of pregnancy. The latter indicates that oestrus occurs following parturition. Furthermore, as opposed to the first pregnancy of the season, the development of the endometrium was found to be less complete in the two subsequent pregnancies of that particular season. This is interpreted as being related to the very short interval between parturition and the following conception.}, keywords = {Chaerephon pumilus, Chiroptera, Molossidae, ovulation, parturition, polyoestry, post-partum oestrus, reproduction, seasonality, South Africa}, url = {Van der Merwe et al. 1987.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1987.tb03707.x}, author = {van der Merwe, M. and Giddings, S. R. and Rautenbach, I. L.} } @article {2903, title = {Predation on bats by Maroccan owls}, journal = {Abstract 4th European Bat Res. Symposium}, year = {1987}, month = {1987}, pages = {25}, keywords = {Asellia tridens, Aves, Beutespektrum, Chiroptera, diet, ecology, Eptesicus serotinus [isabellinus], Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, Hipposideridae, Mammalia, Morocco, Myotis blythii [punicus], Nahrung, Nahrungswahl, North Africa, Pipistrellus kuhlii, predation pressure, prey selection, species richness, Strigiformes, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Aulagnier, S.} } @article {5347, title = {Reproduction in Schieffen{\textquoteright}s bat, Nycticeius schlieffenii, in the eastern Transvaal lowveld, South Africa}, journal = {J. Reprod. Fert.}, volume = {81}, number = {1}, year = {1987}, month = {1987}, pages = {41-50}, abstract = {The present study is based on 153 Schlieffen{\textquoteright}s bats collected over a 2-year period from September 1983 to September 1985. Spermatogenesis extends over a 10-month period with the first signs of spermatozoa in the epididymides by the end of April. Spermatozoa were present in the epididymides from the end of April until the beginning of September. Copulation begins during June (early winter) and the females have spermatozoa in the uterine horns from then until the end of August (late winter) when ovulation occurs. These bats are seasonally monoestrous with the great majority of births occurring during November. The number of conceptuses varied; a maximum of 5 pre-implanted embryos was recorded, but the maximum number of fetuses observed was 3.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, fertilization, gametogenesis, litter size, Nycticeinops schlieffenii, ovarian cycle, ovulation, reproduction, South Africa, spermatogenesis, Vespertilionidae}, author = {van der Merwe, M. and Rautenbach, I. L.} } @article {4637, title = {Reproductive cycles of East African bats}, journal = {J. Mamm.}, volume = {68}, number = {1}, year = {1987}, month = {1987}, pages = {138-141}, keywords = {Chiroptera, East Africa, Entebbe Peninsula, Megaloglossus woermanni, Micropteropus pusillus, Pteropodidae, reproduction, Rousettus aegyptiacus, Scotophilus dinganii, twins, Uganda, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Okia, N. O.} } @article {3451, title = {Respiratory allergy to inhaled bat guano}, journal = {Lancet}, volume = {329}, number = {8528}, year = {1987}, month = {1987}, pages = {316-318}, abstract = {In the Sudan many asthmatic patients attribute their symptoms to inhalation of bat droppings. Design of the roofs of many Sudanese buildings allows black bats to roost; guano drops through cracks in the ceiling into the rooms below where it can be inhaled and cause allergic respiratory disorders. Seven atopic patients seen at Sennar Hospital with bat-related case-histories were investigated. Six had bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis and one had asthma alone. Extracts of yellow hairy bat, black bat, and bat droppings were made. All seven patients had a positive skin prick test and specific IgE antibodies (RAST) to bat droppings. Three patients also had a positive RAST to both yellow and black bats and one patient to yellow bat. Droppings are probably the major allergen source in bat-related respiratory allergy.}, keywords = {Chaerephon major, Chiroptera, day roosts, guano, humans, Molossidae, Northeast Africa, respiratory diseases, roofs, Sudan}, url = {El-Ansary et al. 1987.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(87)92036-8}, author = {El-Ansary, E. H. and Gordon, D. J. and Tee, R. D. and Newman Taylor, A. J.} } @article {4959, title = {The role of prey-generated sounds, vision, and echolocation in prey localization by the African bat, Cardioderma cor (Megadermatidae)}, journal = {J. Comp. Physiol. A}, volume = {161}, year = {1987}, month = {1987}, pages = {59-66}, abstract = {Cardioderma cor responded with head movements and flight toward speakers broadcasting calls of frogs and crickets which contained only sonic frequencies. Prey were presented such that their movements initially generated sounds, but then the prey moved onto the water layer of the glass sheet and sounds were eliminated. The bats emitted echolocation signals while hunting in this situation. The results demonstrate the importance of passive hearing for prey localization in this bat, and further suggest that when prey-generated sounds and echolocation signals offer conflicting information the bat{\textquoteright}s behavior is guided by the former.}, keywords = {Anura, behaviour, Beutespektrum, Cardioderma cor, Chiroptera, diet, East Africa, echolocation, ecology, feeding habits, Flederm{\"a}use, foraging, frog calls, Kenya, Mammalia, Megadermatidae, Nahrung, Nahrungsspektrum, Nahrungswahl, predation, prey detection, prey selection}, author = {Ryan, M. J. and Tuttle, M. D.} } @article {3883, title = {Scent-dispersing hairs (osmetrichia) in some Pteropodidae and Molossidae (Chiroptera)}, journal = {J. Mamm.}, volume = {68}, number = {2}, year = {1987}, month = {1987}, pages = {381-384}, keywords = {Aethalops alecto, Chaerephon chapini, Chaerephon major, Chaerephon nigeriae, Chaerephon pumilus, chemical communication, Chiroptera, Eonycteris spelaea, Epomophorus anurus [labiatus], Epomops franqueti, Lissonycteris angolensis, Molossidae, Mops condylurus, Myonycteris torquata, Ptenochirus jagori, Pteropodidae, smell}, author = {Hickey, M. B. C. and Fenton, M. B.} } @article {4384, title = {Significance of the mandible and dentition in the identification of Microchiroptera from Egypt}, journal = {Zool. Anz.}, volume = {218}, number = {3-4}, year = {1987}, month = {1987}, pages = {246-260}, keywords = {Chiroptera, dentition, Egypt, mandible, morphology, North Africa, teeth}, author = {Madkour, G. A.} } @article {4647, title = {Some new species of Haplotaxidae (Oligochaeta) from Guinea and remarks on the history of the family}, journal = {Hydrobiologia}, volume = {155}, number = {1}, year = {1987}, month = {1987}, pages = {1-13}, abstract = {Three new species of Haplotaxidae collected by Dr. A. Villiers in a cave near Kindia, Guinea, are described. One species belongs to the genus Metataxis Righi, 1985 (M. carnivorus sp. nov.) which is distributed in Western Africa and Eastern America. Another new species is similar to Lycodrilus kraepelini Michaelsen, 1914 incertae sedis: a new genus Villiersia is proposed for both species (V. guanivora sp. nov., V. kraepelini nov. comb.). A third species, of which only immature specimens are available, is tentatively attributed to the genus Haplotaxis: it is remarkable because of its peculiar setae and commissural vessels (H. villiersi sp. nov.). The three species appear to feed on bat guano and, occasionally, on aquatic arthropods. Metataxis, Tiguassu and Villiersia belong to the section of Haplotaxidae endowed with paired sperm sacs and ovisacs. The relations of Haplotaxidae with other families are discussed and it is suggested that the passage from the haplotaxid condition to that of sparganophilids and more advanced lumbriciforms is connected to a change of reproductive strategy and to an enhanced metabolism.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Segea cave near Kindia, West Africa}, url = {Omodeo 1987.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00025626}, author = {Omodeo, P.} } @article {4445, title = {Systematics of African bats of the genus Eptesicus (Mammalia: Vespertilionidae). 2. Karyotypes of African species and their generic relationships}, journal = {Ann. Carn. Mus.}, volume = {56}, year = {1987}, month = {1987}, pages = {213-222}, abstract = {{Bats of the genus Eptesicus are characterized by extreme consistency in karyotypes. All species of Eptesicus for which karyotypes have been reported have 2n = 50}, keywords = {[Neoromicia brunnea] Eptesicus brunneus, [Neoromicia somalica] Eptesicus somalicus, [Neoromicia] Eptesicus rendalli, [Neoromicia] Eptesicus tenuipinnis, Africa, Cameroon, Chiroptera, chromosomes, cytogenetics, distribution, evolution, Flederm{\"a}use, karyotypes, Mammalia, morphology, Neoromicia, Pipistrellus, Somalia, species richness, systematics, taxonomy, Vespertilionidae}, author = {McBee, K. and Schlitter, D. A. and Robbins, R. L.} } @article {4458, title = {Territorial and pair behaviour of the African false vampire bat, Cardioderma cor (Chiroptera: Megadermatidae), in coastal Kenya}, journal = {J. Zool. (Lond.)}, volume = {213}, number = {2}, year = {1987}, month = {1987b}, pages = {243-252}, abstract = {Cardioderma hangs from habitual perches to wait for mainly terrestrial prey. Their broad wings provide the lift at low speeds necessary to capture such prey from the ground. Male-female pairs were found in the long dry season, a period when reduced insect availability led to lower body weights and males used song to delineate their feeding territories. Males moved between perches more frequently during the first half-hour of nightly singing. An enlargement of foraging area was associated with earlier singing, as well as an increase in song rate, movement between perches and pair contact-vocalizations. Females are larger than males and the sex ratio favoured the latter. There was evidence of long-term territories and breeding throughout the year. These results are discussed in relation to pair-bonding and environmental seasonality.}, keywords = {Cardioderma cor, Chiroptera, East Africa, Kenya, mating systems, Megadermatidae, monogamy, perch-hunting, social behaviour}, author = {McWilliam, A. N.} } @article {5058, title = {The type locality of Pipistrellus (Romicia) kuhlii broomi Roberts, 1948 (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)}, journal = {Mammalia}, volume = {51}, number = {3}, year = {1987}, month = {1987}, pages = {463-465}, keywords = {[Neoromicia nana] Pipistrellus nanus, Chiroptera, Pipistrellus kuhlii broomi [hesperidus], South Africa, Vespertilionidae}, url = {Smithers et al. 1987.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mamm.1987.51.3.455}, author = {Smithers, R. H. N. and Meester, J. and Rautenbach, I. L.} } @article {4192, title = {Annual life cycle of cave bats in northern Algeria}, journal = {Acta theriol.}, volume = {31}, number = {15}, year = {1986}, month = {1986}, pages = {185-206}, abstract = {The dynamics of bat populations in caves of northern Algeria were studied between 1978 and 1983. The 10 species represented were: Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, R. mehelyi, R. blasii, R. euryale, R. hipposideros, Myotis blythi, M. emarginatus, M. nattereri, M. capaccinii and Miniopterus schreibersi. Detailed reproductive data, including histological examination of reproductive organs, were obtained for R. mehelyi and M. blythi during a part of the annual cycle. All species examined except Miniopterus schreibersi reach their southern limits of distribution in Algeria. The duration of hibernation was shorter in Algeria than in Europe, but the reproductive cycle was similar in that insemination took place in autumn and fertilization in spring. Parturition occurred earlier than in European populations of the same species. Observations were made on the choice of roosts, formation of intra- and interspecific associations, as well as individual and geographic variation in dates of parturition. The tendency of M. blythi to form harems during the mating season was noted.}, keywords = {Algeria, Chiroptera, day roosts, ecology, hibernation, histology, mating systems, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus schreibersi, Myotis capaccinii, Myotis emarginatus, Myotis nattereri, Myotis punicus, North Africa, reproduction, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus blasii, Rhinolophus euryale, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, Rhinolophus hipposideros, Rhinolophus mehelyi, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Kowalski, K. and Gaisler, J. and Bessam, H. and Issaad, C. and Ksantini, H.} } @inbook {3536, title = {Bat research in western Cameroon}, booktitle = {Conservation of Cameroon Montane Forests}, year = {1986}, note = {Report of the ICBP Cameroon Montane Forest Survey, November 1983 - April 1984}, month = {1986}, pages = {175-195}, publisher = {International Council for Bird Preservation}, organization = {International Council for Bird Preservation}, chapter = {263}, address = {Cambridge}, keywords = {behaviour, biodiversity, Cameroon, Central Africa, Chiroptera, communities, conservation, diet, distribution, ecology, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, habitat preferences, Hangpl{\"a}tze, Mammalia, morphology, Pteropodidae, reproduction, roosting behaviour, species richness, systematics, taxonomy, Vegetation, Verbreitung}, author = {Fedden, M. O. and Macleod, H. L.}, editor = {Stuart, S. N.} } @article {4259, title = {Biogeografia dei Chirotteri italiani}, journal = {Boll. Mus. reg. Sci. nat. Torino}, volume = {3}, number = {2}, year = {1986}, month = {1986}, pages = {389-420}, abstract = {The Italian bat fauna (30 or 31 species) has a generally palearctic facies, predominated by fundamentally Eurasiatic (48.38\%) and European (32.25\%) components. Also present is a strictly Mediterranean (9.67\%) group, and one (10\%) with two basically Ethiopian species, more (Pipistrellus kuhli) or less (Rhinolophus blasii) spreading in the Mediterranean Subregion, and one subcosmopolitan species (Miniopterus schreibersi) ranging throughout Africa as well. The scarce paleontological evidence available seems to indicate that the recent chiropterological population of Italy, and Europe in general, dates back essentially to the Pliocene and especially to the Quaternary.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, distribution, Eurasia, Europe, Flederm{\"a}use, Italy, Mammalia, Mediterranean, Palaearctic, species richness, systematics, taxonomy, Verbreitung, zoogeography}, author = {Lanza, B. and Finotello, P. L.} } @article {4640, title = {Brown adipose tissue as a nutrient source in the fruit bat, Eidolon helvum}, journal = {Myotis}, volume = {23-24}, year = {1986}, month = {1986}, pages = {57-62}, keywords = {activity patterns, behaviour, brown adipose tissue, Chiroptera, diet, Eidolon helvum, enzymes, Mammalia, metabolism, Nahrung, Nigeria, physiology, Pteropodidae, West Africa}, author = {Okon, E. E. and Ngaha, M. C.} } @book {2911, title = {Catalogue des Mammif{\`e}res Sauvages du Maroc}, year = {1986}, month = {1986a}, pages = {163}, publisher = {Institut Scientifique, Universit{\'e} Mohammed V}, organization = {Institut Scientifique, Universit{\'e} Mohammed V}, address = {Rabat-Agdal}, abstract = {The introduction describes the evolution of knowledge concerning wild mammals in Morocco. Species {\textquoteright}status and distributions have been established by examining available literature, studying museums{\textquoteright} collection records particularly those of the Scientific Institute in Rabat and the. Smithsonian Institution in Washington, using the results of the authors{\textquoteright} personal observations (e.g. trapping and examining owl pellets) and utilizing numerous observations supplied by interested individuals and groups (listed on page 6).The catalogue contains 11 orders illustrating 109 land species: 39 native contemporary, 6 extinct, 3 introduced and 7 of indeterminate status. The 15 marine mammal species (Cetacea) which have been observed along the Moroccan coasts are listed, though their status are not mentioned.For each order a short introduction and an identification key are given, after which species are presented according to Corbet{\textquoteright}s systematic nomenclature (1978). Species information includes brief morphological description, dental, formulae, some body and cranial measurements, global and Moroccan distributions, some biological information on the habits and habitats of the animals found in Morocco.For all contemporary species a map of Morocco gridded corresponding to 1.100.000 scale topographic maps is used to show distribution. Each grid block is about 50 km x 50 km.A complete bibliography which contains nearly 500 references is included. The Scientific Institute of Rabat{\textquoteright}s collection of over 1000 specimens belonging to 80 species is also listed.}, keywords = {[Hypsugo] Pipistrellus savii, Asellia tridens diluta, Aves, Barbastella barbastellus, Chiroptera, day roosts, distribution, Emballonuridae, Eptesicus serotinus isabellinus, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros caffer tephrus, Mammalia, maps, Mauritania, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus schreibersi, Molossidae, Morocco, museum catalogue, museum collections, Myotis blythi oxygnathus [punicus], Myotis capaccinii, Myotis emarginatus, Myotis mystacinus, Myotis nattereri, North Africa, Nyctalus lasiopterus, Nyctalus leisleri, Nyctalus noctula, Nycteridae, Nycteris thebaica, Otonycteris hemprichi, Pipistrellus kuhli, Pipistrellus pipistrellus, Pipistrellus rueppelli [rueppellii], Plecotus austriacus christei [gaisleri], predation, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus blasii, Rhinolophus euryale, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, Rhinolophus hipposideros, Rhinolophus mehelyi, Rhinopoma hardwickei cystops, Rhinopoma microphyllum, Rhinopomatidae, Strigiformes, Tadarida teniotis, Taphozous nudiventris, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Aulagnier, S. and Thevenot, M.} } @article {4471, title = {Classification of Southern African mammals}, journal = {Transvaal Museum Monograph}, number = {5}, year = {1986}, month = {1986}, pages = {1-359}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Mammalia, Southern Africa, systematics, taxonomy}, author = {Meester, J. A. J. and Rautenbach, I. L. and Dippenaar, N. J. and Baker, C. M.} } @article {3569, title = {A comparison of the roosting and foraging behaviour of three species of African insectivorous bats (Rhinolophidae, Vespertilionidae, and Molossidae)}, journal = {Can. J. Zool.}, volume = {64}, number = {12}, year = {1986}, month = {1986}, pages = {2860-2867}, abstract = {We used radio tracking to study the roosting and foraging behavior of Rhinolophus hildebrandti, Scotophilus borbonicus (=S. viridis and S. leucogaster), and Tadarida midas in the Pafuri Region of Kruger National Park, South Africa in November 1985. Although the species roosted in different locations (S. borbonicus in hollow mopane trees, R. hildebrandti in a hollow baobab tree, and T. midas in buildings), roost temperatures and the bats{\textquoteright} body temperatures were generally similar. The S. borbonicus and T. midas flew continuously while foraging in pursuit of flying prey; the R. hildebrandti switched between continuous flight, and hunting from a perch also in pursuit of flying prey. All three species foraged for about 60 min nightly, but the T. midas ventured at least 10 km from their roosts, while for S. borbonicus and R. hildebrandti, comparable figures were 4 and 2 km, respectively. The three species showed a spectrum of wing morphology and echolocation call design features from clutter resistant (R. hildebrandti) to relatively clutter resistant (S. borbonicus) and clutter intolerant (T. midas) and the foraging areas used by the bats corresponded to these features. Rhinolophus hildebrandti foraged below the canopy in riverine forest and deciduous woodland, while S. borbonicus foraged around the canopy but not closer than 0.5 m to it, while T. midas foraged in the open well above the canopy. These differences are discussed along with variations in foraging behavior in insectivorous bats.}, keywords = {activity patterns, Africa, behaviour, body temperature, Chiroptera, day roosts, ecology, Flederm{\"a}use, foraging, habitat preferences, Kruger National Park, Mammalia, Molossidae, Mops midas, morphology, radio-tracking, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus hildebrandtii, roosting behaviour, Scotophilus borbonicus, South Africa, sympatric, telemetry, Vegetation, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Fenton, M. B. and Rautenbach, I. L.} } @article {3976, title = {Donn{\'e}es pr{\'e}liminaires sur la reproduction d{\textquoteright}Epomops franqueti (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) recolt{\'e}es {\`a} Kisangani et environs}, journal = {Ann. Fac. Sci., Kisangani}, volume = {Num{\'e}ro sp{\'e}cial}, year = {1986}, month = {1986}, pages = {35-38}, keywords = {Central Africa, Chiroptera, Congo (Kinshasa), Epomops franqueti, Pteropodidae, reproduction}, author = {Ifuta, N. B. and Gevaerts, H.} } @article {4330, title = {An experimental study of seed ingestion and germination in a plant-animal assemblage in Ghana}, journal = {J. Trop. Ecol.}, volume = {2}, number = {2}, year = {1986}, month = {1986}, pages = {113-126}, abstract = {Fleshy fruits collected from abundant woody plants on the Accra Plains, Ghana, were fed to frugivorous species common in the area. Seeds of each plant species were retrieved from each frugivore species for germination trials, and ingested seeds compared to fresh seeds in germination percentage and rapidity. Altogether 85 plant x animal feeding combinations were attempted. In 73\% of trials, ingestion did not affect germination percentage; the remaining trials were about equally divided between significant increases and decreases. Ingested seeds had significantly faster germination in 12\%, and significantly slower germination in 8\%, of the trials. Germination percentages in all samples of fresh seeds (x = 37\%) did not differ significantly from those ingested seeds (x = 31\%). There was a significant association between the effect of ingestion on both germination rapidity and percentage (significantly increased, decreased, or neither) and the plant species involved; there was no such association between the effect of ingestion and the animal species. Animals had inconsistent and frequently negligible effects on germination. Two-way analyses of variance (plants x animals) of germination percentage and of germination improvement showed that plant species were a significant source of variation and animal species were not. The fleshy-fruited plants of this assemblage are not generally dependent upon animals for successful germination of their seeds.}, keywords = {Accra Plains, animal-plant interactions, Annonaceae, Apocynaceae, Aves, Azadirachta indica, behaviour, Boraginaceae, Byrsocarpus coccineus, Capparaceae, Capparis erythrocarpos, Carissa edulis, Chiroptera, Clausena anisata, Connaraceae, diet, ecology, Ehretia cymosa, Eidolon helvum, Epomophorus gambianus, Euphorbiaceae, feeding habits, Flacourtia flavescens, Flacourtiaceae, frugivory, germination rates, Ghana, Hoslundia opposita, Labiatae, Lantana camara, Mammalia, Meliaceae, Nahrung, Nauclea latifolia, plants, Premna quadrifolia, Primates, Pteropodidae, Rauvolfia canescens, reproduction, Rubiaceae, Rutaceae, Securinega virosa, seed dispersal, Solanaceae, Solanum anomalum, Uvaria ovata, Vegetation, Verbenaceae, Vitex doniana, West Africa}, author = {Lieberman, M. and Lieberman, D.} } @article {4834, title = {First records of five species of insectivorous bats from the Kruger National Park}, journal = {Koedoe}, volume = {28}, number = {1}, year = {1986}, month = {1986 [for 1985]}, pages = {73-80}, abstract = {Five species of insectivorous bats are reported for the first time from the Kruger National Park. One of these, Pipistrellus anchietai, represents a new record for the southern African subregion, and two species, Laephotis botswanae and Nycteris woodi are recorded for the first time for the Republic of South Africa. The remaining two species, Eptesicus melckorum and Tadarida ansorgei are first records of occurrence for the Transvaal. The species richness of the bat fauna of the Kruger National Park, and particularly of the Pafuri area, is reviewed.}, keywords = {Chaerephon ansorgei, Chiroptera, distribution, Laephotis botswanae, Molossidae, Neoromicia melckorum, Nycteridae, Nycteris woodi, Pipistrellus anchietae, South Africa, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Rautenbach, I. L. and Fenton, M. B. and Braack, L. E. O.} } @article {3167, title = {Flight physiology of intermediate-sized fruit bats (Pteropodidae)}, journal = {J. Exp. Biol.}, volume = {120}, number = {1}, year = {1986}, month = {1986}, pages = {79-103}, abstract = {Up to eight physiological parameters were measured on members of four species of fruit bats with a size range of 0.188-0.650 kg as they flew in a wind tunnel. Regression lines were calculated for the relationships between body masses of bats and their power inputs (Pi), heart and respiratory rates. These were compared to similar relationships for flying birds.Respiratory evaporation dissipated only 10\% of the heat produced. At ambient temperatures (Ta) above 15{\textdegree}C, heat loss was facilitated by vasodilation of feet and wing membranes, but this mechanism became less effective at high Ta when thermal differential between wings and air was reduced. Bats are apparently unable to increase greatly their respiratory evaporation, and overheated at Ta of 25-30{\textdegree}C. At low Ta, the flight ability of two bats was reduced, suggesting that reduced coordination or even freezing of wings might be a general problem for bats flying at Ta close to 0{\textdegree}C.The endurance of three bats was so much greater near the middle of their speed ranges that the maximum flight distances ought to be achieved at these velocities, even though the cost of transport would be lower at higher speeds. Endurance at an airspeed was proportional to the relative power input (Pi/Pi,min) raised to the power of -7.45; flying at a speed that raised P/Pi,min by 10 \% reduced endurance by half.}, keywords = {Africa, Australia, body temperature, Chiroptera, circulatory system, Eidolon helvum, flight, Gabon, Hypsignathus monstrosus, metabolic rate, oxygen consumption, physiology, Pteropodidae, Pteropus poliocephalus, respiration, Rousettus aegyptiacus}, author = {Carpenter, R. E.} } @article {5301, title = {Gentle fliers of the African night}, journal = {National Geographic}, volume = {169}, number = {4}, year = {1986}, month = {1986}, pages = {540-558}, keywords = {animal-plant interactions, Chiroptera, conservation, courtship behaviour, East Africa, ecology, Epomophorus gambianus, Epomophorus wahlbergi, Kenya, pollination, Pteropodidae, seed dispersal}, author = {Tuttle, M. D.} } @article {3548, title = {Hipposideros caffer (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) in Zimbabwe: Morphology and echolocation calls}, journal = {J. Zool. (Lond.)}, volume = {210}, number = {3}, year = {1986}, month = {1986}, pages = {347-353}, abstract = {The results of this study of morphological variation and variation in echolocation calls indicate that only specimens with narrow lateral nasal inflations (=Hipposideros caffer) have been reported from Zimbabwe to date. In both Zambia and Mocambique, single localities yielded both specimens with narrow or wide lateral nasal inflations (nominally, H. caffer and H. ruber, respectively). There are significant differences in echolocation calls between one site in Zimbabwe and another near the Zimbabwe-South Africa border that are not paralleled by significant morphological differences.}, keywords = {behaviour, Chiroptera, echolocation, Flederm{\"a}use, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros ruber, Mammalia, sibling species, Southern Africa, sympatric, systematics, taxonomy, Zimbabwe}, author = {Fenton, M. B.} } @article {4773, title = {Rhinopoma hardwickii and Rhinopoma muscatellum}, journal = {Mammalian Species}, number = {263}, year = {1986}, month = {1986}, pages = {1-5}, keywords = {Africa, Asia, behaviour, Chiroptera, distribution, ecology, Flederm{\"a}use, morphology, review, Rhinopoma hardwickii, Rhinopoma muscatellum, Rhinopomatidae, systematics, taxonomy}, author = {Qumsiyeh, M. B. and Jones jr., J. K.} } @article {2786, title = {Isolation and properties of creatine kinase from the breast muscle of tropical fruit bat, Eidolon helvum (Kerr)}, journal = {Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B}, volume = {85}, number = {2}, year = {1986}, month = {1986}, pages = {463-468}, abstract = {1. Creatine kinase, from fruit bat breast muscle, has been purified to homogeneity.2. The mol. wt of the enzyme was estimated to be about 78,000-80,000 with two subunits of 42,500.3. There are nine thiol residues/mol of the enzyme and two of these react readily with DTNB leading to total inactivation of the enzyme.4. The metal ion specificity was in order Mg2+ > Zn2+ > Co2+.5. Initial velocity and product inhibition studies of the reverse reaction are consistent with sequential reaction but of either rapid equilibrium random or ordered type.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Eidolon helvum, Nigeria, Pteropodidae, West Africa}, url = {Afolayan \& Daini 1986.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-0491(86)90028-3}, author = {Afolayan, A. and Daini, O. A.} } @article {5055, title = {Karyotypes of eleven species of molossid bats from Africa (Mammalia: Chiroptera)}, journal = {Ann. Carn. Mus.}, volume = {55}, number = {7}, year = {1986}, month = {1986}, pages = {125-136}, abstract = {Standard karyotypic data are reported for 11 species of mollossid bats collected from Somalia and Cameroun, Africa. Chromosomal data are reported for the first time for Chaerephon ansorgei, C. aloysiisabaudiae, Mops midas, M. spurrelli, M. thersites, M. brachypterus, M. petersoni, M. demonstrator, and M. nanulus (all were formerly members of the genus Tadarida) Karyotypes for two of the species we examined have been reported previously. Although our data corroborate the karyotype of C. pumila described by Dulic and Mutere (1973), our karyotypic analysis of M. condylurus differs substantially from that presented by these authors. In addition to these data, we provide a summary of the available karyotypic data for molossid bats studied to date.}, keywords = {Africa, Cameroon, Chaerephon aloysiisabaudiae, Chaerephon ansorgei, Chiroptera, chromosomes, cytogenetics, evolution, Flederm{\"a}use, karyotypes, Mammalia, Molossidae, Mops brachypterus, Mops demonstrator, Mops midas, Mops nanulus, Mops petersoni, Mops spurrelli, Mops thersites, phylogeny, Somalia, speciation, species richness, systematics, taxonomy}, author = {Smith, S. A. and Bickham, J. W. and Schlitter, D. A.} } @article {4077, title = {Kasokero virus: A new human pathogen from bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus) in Uganda}, journal = {Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.}, volume = {35}, number = {2}, year = {1986}, month = {1986}, pages = {387-392}, abstract = {Two virus strains were isolated by mouse inoculation from blood of Rousettus aegyptiacus fruit-eating bats collected from Kasokero Cave in Uganda. Shortly after these strains were introduced in the laboratory, four additional strains were recovered from laboratory workers who had developed mild to severe illnesses presumably as a result of laboratory infection. Serological studies established that these six isolates are strains of the same virus. Serological tests showed also that this virus is related to Yogue, an unclassified virus.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, East Africa, infectious diseases, Pteropodidae, Rousettus aegyptiacus, Uganda, virology}, url = {Kalunda et al. 1986.pdf http://www.ajtmh.org/cgi/content/abstract/35/2/387}, author = {Kalunda, M. and Mukwaya, L. G. and Mukuye, A. and Lule, M. and Sekyalo, E. and Wright, J. and Casals, J.} } @article {5304, title = {Mites of the genus Binuncus Radford (Trombidiformes, Myobiidae) and information on host taxonomy deduced from them}, journal = {J. Parasitol.}, volume = {72}, number = {2}, year = {1986}, month = {1986b}, pages = {257-270}, abstract = {Mites of the genus Binuncus, taken from museum specimens of Megachiroptera, were studied. Nine new species [B. myonycteris, B. lissonycteris, B. scotonycteris, B. epomopsi, B. hypsignathis, B. chironaxi, B. thoopteris, B. haplonycteris, B. sphaeriasi], a Binuncus (Binuncus) magnus [nom. nov.] complex and host records for 5 known species are presented. A total of 20 species and the species complex were divided into 4 groups by differences in the morphology of the male genital shields. Binuncus (Binuncus) jamesoni (Hiregaudar and Bal) and Binuncus (Binuncus) eonycteris Uchikawa, Harada, Yenbutra and Ohtani were regarded as being the most primitive. Binuncus (Binuncus) magnus (Radford) and others in the complex, and Binuncus (Binuncus) eidoloni Fain presumably stemmed from ancestors similar to the "primitive" species. All the 7 Ethiopian species of Binuncus other than Binuncus (Binuncus) rousetti Fain and B. (B.) eidoloni are also thought to have been derived from the same stock. The remaining 7 species of the subgenera Binuncus and Probinuncus, which are distributed in the Oriental and Australasian regions, possess genital shields of a type that is considered to have evolved from that commonly found in B. (B.) magnus and its relatives as well as B. (B.) eidoloni. This group also includes all species of the genus Pteropimyobia Fain regardless of striking morphological differences in structures on leg I. The relationships among the mites are thought to parallel those of their hosts, and a phylogeny of Megachiroptera is proposed based on the myobiid mites known to parasitize them.}, keywords = {Acerodon jubatus, Acerodon lucifer, Africa, Angola, Asia, Binuncus chironaxi sp. nov., Binuncus epomopsi sp. nov., Binuncus haplonycteris sp. nov., Binuncus hypsignathis sp. nov., Binuncus lissonycteris sp. nov., Binuncus myonycteris sp. nov., Binuncus scotonycteris sp. nov., Binuncus sphaeriasi sp. nov., Binuncus thoopteris sp. nov., Cameroon, Chironax melanocephalus, Chiroptera, Egypt, Epomops franqueti, evolution, Haplonycteris fischeri, host-parasite coevolution, Hypsignathus monstrosus, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Lissonycteris angolensis, Mammalia, Micropteropus pusillus, Myonycteris torquata, Nanonycteris veldkampii, Neopteryx frosti, parasites, Penthetor lucasi, phylogeny, Ptenochirus jagori, Pteralopex atrata, Pteropodidae, Pteropus scapulatus, Rousettus aegyptiacus, Rousettus amplexicaudatus, Scotonycteris ophiodon, Sphaerias blanfordi, Styloctenium wallacei, Sudan, taxonomy, Thoopterus nigrescens}, author = {Uchikawa, K.} } @article {5346, title = {Multiple births in Schlieffen{\textquoteright}s bat, Nycticeius schlieffenii (Peters, 1859) (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from the southern African subregion}, journal = {S. Afr. J. Zool.}, volume = {21}, number = {1}, year = {1986}, month = {1986}, pages = {48-50}, abstract = {Nycticeius schlieffenii is a monestrous species that breeds during the spring months in the northern parts of the Kruger National Park. During spring 1983 the average number of corpora lutea in 11 Nycticeius schlieffenii females was 3.1 (range 1-4), with the average number of fetuses recorded 2.8. In the present study this bat has been found to be a polyovular seasonal breeder, giving birth to as many as three young per estrous cycle.}, keywords = {[Nycticeinops] Nycticeius schlieffenii, Chiroptera, histology, litter size, number of offspring, reproduction, South Africa, Vespertilionidae}, author = {van der Merwe, M. and Rautenbach, I. L.} } @article {4828, title = {A new technique for the efficient use of macro-mistnets}, journal = {Koedoe}, volume = {28}, number = {1}, year = {1986}, month = {1986 [for 1985]}, pages = {81-86}, abstract = {A cheap and simple method of adapting yacht masts to allow quick and efficient stringing and versatile manipulation of a 6.0 x 30.0 metre macro-mistnet, is described.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, methods, mist nets, techniques}, author = {Rautenbach, I. L.} } @article {2909, title = {Note sur la pr{\'e}sence d{\textquoteright}Otonycteris hemprichi Peters, 1859 au Maroc}, journal = {Mammalia}, volume = {49}, number = {4}, year = {1986}, month = {1986}, pages = {582-584}, keywords = {Aves, Bubo ascalaphus, Chiroptera, distribution, Morocco, North Africa, Otonycteris hemprichii, predation, Strigiformes, Vespertilionidae}, url = {Aulagnier \& Mein 1986.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mamm.1985.49.4.573}, author = {Aulagnier, S. and Mein, P.} } @article {2910, title = {Note sur les mammif{\`e}res des environs de l{\textquoteright}embouchure de l{\textquoteright}oued Massa}, journal = {Bulletin de l{\textquoteright}Institut Scientifique, Rabat}, volume = {10}, year = {1986}, month = {1986b}, pages = {193-199}, abstract = {Mammals o f the river Massa mouth. A project to establish a National Park in southern Morocco, at Massa near Agadir gives the authors the opportunity to draw up a preliminary inventory of the mammals living in the area.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros caffer [tephrus], Mammalia, Morocco, North Africa, Nycteridae, Nycteris thebaica, Souss-Massa National Park}, author = {Aulagnier, S. and Thevenot, M.} } @article {5394, title = {Notes d{\textquoteright}{\'e}cologie, principalement des mammif{\`e}res, du Mont Nimba (Liberia)}, journal = {Bull. Inst. r. Sci. nat. Belg.: Biol.}, volume = {56}, year = {1986}, month = {1986}, pages = {27-43}, keywords = {biodiversity, Chiroptera, climate, ecology, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, geography, habitat preferences, Liberia, Mammalia, Mount Nimba, Pteropodidae, species richness, systematics, taxonomy, West Africa, zoogeography}, author = {Verschuren, J.} } @article {4004, title = {Notes on bats (Mammalia: Microchiroptera) found in the Taung district, Bophuthatswana, South Africa}, journal = {Bull. zool. Mus. Univ. Amsterdam}, volume = {10}, number = {26}, year = {1986}, month = {1986}, pages = {217-220}, abstract = {Notes are published on a small collection of Microchiroptera from the Taung district, Bophuthatswana, in the Republic of South Africa, consisting of specimens of the following species: Rhinolophus denti, Rhinolophus cf. capensis, Nycteris thebaica, Eptesicus hottentotus, Eptesicus capensis, Miniopterus schreibersii, and Tadarida aegyptiaca.}, keywords = {[Neoromicia] Eptesicus capensis, Chiroptera, day roosts, distribution, ecology, Eptesicus hottentotus, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, habitat preferences, Mammalia, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus schreibersii, Molossidae, morphology, Nycteridae, Nycteris thebaica, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus capensis, Rhinolophus denti, roosting behaviour, South Africa, species richness, systematics, Tadarida aegyptiaca, taxonomy, Vespertilionidae}, author = {James, D. K.} } @article {4452, title = {Notes on bats of Sudan}, journal = {Am. Mus. Novitates}, number = {2839}, year = {1986}, month = {1986}, pages = {1-12}, abstract = {Based upon recent collections of bats from Bahr-el-Ghazal and Equatoria provinces in southern Sudan, Epomophorus minor is added to the list of species known from that country, and the geographic ranges of Micropteropus pusillus, Eptesicus capensis, Eptesicus somalicus, and Chaerephon major are extended within Sudan. Examples of species poorly represented in museum collections were also collected, including Nycteris thebaica, Chalinolobus variegatus, and Scotoecus hirundo. Ecological notes were recorded; embryos and parasites were collected and preserved. Seventy-one species are now known to occur in Sudan.}, keywords = {[Glauconycteris variegata] Chalinolobus variegatus, [Neoromicia somalica] Eptesicus somalicus, [Neoromicia] Eptesicus capensis, Chaerephon major, Chiroptera, distribution, Epomophorus minor, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, habitat preferences, Mammalia, Micropteropus pusillus, Molossidae, morphology, Northeast Africa, Nycteridae, Nycteris thebaica, Pteropodidae, species richness, Sudan, systematics, taxonomy, Vespertilionidae}, author = {McLellan, L. J.} } @book {3924, title = {Phylogenetic relationships of the Old World Nectar-Feeding Bats (Pteropodidae: Macroglossinae) Based on Features of the Female Reproductive Tract}, year = {1986}, month = {1986}, pages = {iv+81 pp.}, publisher = {Ph.D. Thesis}, organization = {Ph.D. Thesis}, address = {Texas Tech University}, keywords = {anatomy, Balionycteris, Chiroptera, convergent evolution, Cynopterus, Dobsonia, Eonycteris, Epomops franqueti, histology, Hypsignathus monstrosus, Macroglossus, Megaerops, Megaloglossus woermanni, Melonycteris, Micropteropus pusillus, morphology, Nyctimene, phylogeny, Pteropodidae, Pteropus, Rousettus, Syconycteris, tongue, uterus}, author = {Hood, C. S.} } @article {3662, title = {The prey of barn owls (Tyto alba) inhabiting the ancient temple complex of Karnak, Egypt}, journal = {Ostrich}, volume = {57}, number = {2}, year = {1986}, month = {1986}, pages = {109-112}, keywords = {Aves, Chiroptera, diet, Egypt, Emballonuridae, food, Mammalia, North Africa, Pisces, predation, Rodentia, Soricidae, Strigiformes, Taphozous nudiventris, Tyto alba}, url = {Goodman 1986.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00306525.1986.9634133}, author = {Goodman, S. M.} } @article {3998, title = {Radio tracking of problem fruit bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus) in the Transvaal with notes on flight and energetics}, journal = {Z. S{\"a}ugetierk.}, volume = {51}, year = {1986}, month = {1986}, pages = {205-208}, abstract = {Radio tracking was used to locate a cave in which Egyptian fruit bats roosted after nightly feeding visits to litchi orchards in the Trichardtsdal/Ofcolaco area of the northeastern Transvaal. This paper reports on results of this technique and discusses its shortfalls.}, keywords = {behaviour, Biotopwahl, Chiroptera, diet, ecology, feeding habits, foraging, frugivory, Hangpl{\"a}tze, Mammalia, Nahrung, Pteropodidae, roosting behaviour, Rousettus aegyptiacus, South Africa, telemetry, Vegetation}, author = {Jacobsen, N. H. G. and Viljoen, P. C. and Ferguson, W.} } @article {5350, title = {Reproduction in females of the little free-tailed bat, Tadarida (Chaerephon) pumila, in the eastern Transvaal, South Africa}, journal = {J. Reprod. Fert.}, volume = {77}, number = {2}, year = {1986}, month = {1986}, pages = {355-364}, abstract = {Little free-tailed bats (2-9/month) were collected over 15 months in the eastern Transvaal lowveld (latitude 24{\textdegree}59{\textquoteright}S). There was an extended but distinct breeding season of 8 months per year. Females appeared to be polyoestrous and able to bear 3 pregnancies per breeding season. There was a progressive decrease in the magnitude of the three birth peaks during the breeding season, with a concomitant slight loss in birth synchronization. Gestation period was ~ 60 days and one young per female was the rule, with implantation occurring only in the right uterine horn of the bicornuate uterus. It is suggested that offspring are weaned before the age of 21 days, and that females become sexually mature in the following breeding season at the age of 5-12 months.}, keywords = {age, biometrics, breeding, Chaerephon pumilus, Chiroptera, gestation period, Molossidae, ovarian cycle, ovulation, physiology, pregnancy, reproduction, seasonality, sexual maturation, South Africa, synchronization}, author = {van der Merwe, M. and Rautenbach, I. L. and van der Colf, W. J.} } @article {3618, title = {Results of the netting of bats in Algeria (Mammalia: Chiroptera)}, journal = {Vestnik Ceskoslovenske Spolecnosti Zoologicke}, volume = {50}, year = {1986}, month = {1986}, pages = {161-173}, abstract = {Three hundred seventeen bats of 20 species were taken by nets at 26 localities, most of them in northern Algeria, in the years 1980-1983. This sample has been evaluated with regard to faunal size, relative abundance, species diversity in areas, and the foraging diversity of the species. The species diversity corresponds in a certain degree to the diversity of environment, and on the whole it is higher in samples from western Algeria than from the east of the country. The highest foraging diversity has been found in P. kuhli, the only species caught both in the Mediterranean zone and in the desert; a high foraging diversity is also shown by M. blythi, P. pipistrellus, E. serotinus, R. ferrumequinum and P. austriacus. The bats are less active in the Mediterranean zone as well as in oases in the Sahara in winter. Two peaks of nocturnal activity, with the maximum after sunset, have been ascertained in three most abundant species.}, keywords = {[Hypsugo] Pipistrellus savii, activity patterns, Algeria, Asellia tridens, Chiroptera, distribution, Eptesicus serotinus [isabellinus], Hipposideridae, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus schreibersii, Molossidae, Myotis blythii [punicus], Myotis capaccinii, Myotis emarginatus, Myotis nattereri, North Africa, Nyctalus leisleri, Otonycteris hemprichi, Pipistrellus deserti, Pipistrellus kuhli, Pipistrellus pipistrellus, Pipistrellus rueppelli [rueppellii], Plecotus austriacus [gaisleri], Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus blasii, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, Rhinolophus hipposideros, Rhinolophus mehelyi, species richness, Tadarida teniotis, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Gaisler, J. and Kowalski, K.} } @article {4169, title = {[Rodents and bats of Guinea and their medical significance]}, journal = {Doklady Moskovskoe Obscestvo Ispytatelej Pirody (Zoologiiia i Botanika)}, volume = {1984}, year = {1986}, note = {in Russian}, month = {1986 [for 1984]}, pages = {16-19}, keywords = {Chiroptera, diseases, Guinea, Mammalia, Rodentia, West Africa}, author = {Konstantinov, O. K} } @article {3068, title = {Rodents, bats, and insectivores from the Plio-Pleistocene sediments to the east of Lake Turkana, Kenya}, journal = {Los Angeles County Mus. Contrib. Sci.}, number = {372}, year = {1986}, month = {1986}, pages = {1-15}, abstract = {Fossil small mammals collected from five Plio-Pleistocene localities in the Koobi Fora Formation along the east side of Lake Turkana, Kenya, are described. The assemblage bears close resemblance to those from Olduvai Bed I in Tanzania and Omo Members F and G in Ethiopia. The most common elements of the assemblage are the murids Thallomys quadrilobatus and Praomys (Mastomys) minor. The micromammals from one locality, which dates at approximately 1.6 million years, suggest an arid environment with Acacia scrub and some riverine forest along intermittent stream channels.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, East Africa, fossils, Kenya, Mammalia, Nycteridae, palaeontology, Pleistocene, Pliocene, Pteropodidae, Rodentia, Scotophilus, Soricomorpha, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Black, C. C. and Krishtalka, L.} } @article {3045, title = {Seasonal changes in plasma testosterone concentrations and Leydig cell and accessory gland activity in the Cape horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus capensis)}, journal = {J. Reprod. Fert.}, volume = {78}, number = {2}, year = {1986}, month = {1986}, pages = {413-422}, abstract = {Male Cape horseshoe bats were studied in the Cape Province of South Africa (33{\textdegree}17{\textquoteright}S, 26{\textdegree}25{\textquoteright}E) between January 1983 and June 1985. The reproductive cycle is characterized by reactivation of the seminiferous tubules in early summer (October) after a 4-month (June to September) period of winter inactivity. Spermiogenesis occurred between January and April, and spermatozoa were released to the epididymides in April and May. Spermiogenesis was associated with Leydig cell activity and increasing plasma testosterone concentrations. At this time components of the reproductive accessory glands became secretorily active or showed increasing secretory activity. During winter Leydig cells were secretorily inactive and plasma testosterone concentrations dropped, but components of the accessory complex remained active. There was a second period of Leydig cell secretory activity and increasing and peak plasma testosterone values in late winter/early summer which may be associated with copulation or the initiation of a new cycle of spermatogenesis.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, endocrinology, gametogenesis, gonads, hormones, reproduction, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus capensis, seasonality, South Africa, spermatogenesis}, author = {Bernard, R. T. F.} } @article {5378, title = {Seasonality and the behavior of the African yellow-winged bat}, journal = {J. Mamm.}, volume = {67}, number = {1}, year = {1986}, month = {1986}, pages = {91-102}, abstract = {The African yellow-winged bat (Lavia frons) was observed in Kenya, East Africa, through one wet and one dry season (December 1982 to July 1983). This opportunistic, sit-and-wait predator typically forages from the crowns of Acacia tortilis and captures insects through a broad range of elevations by brief, precise interceptions. Lavia is monogamous. Members of a pair roots together in a territory defended by the male, forage either separately or together, and share the territory for some 3 months with the single young. Acacia tortilis responds to erratic dry-season rains by flowering and growing new leaves; attending brief bursts of insect abundance may be of crucial importance to Lavia during dry-season energy bottlenecks. Many of the most distinctive aspects of the life history of Lavia - monogamy, territoriality, the divisin of labor, opportunistic foraging, a long mother-yound association, and a close association between Lavia and A. tortilis - probably are adaptations to recurring periods of energy stress.}, keywords = {Acacia tortilis, Chiroptera, diet, East Africa, ecology, Flederm{\"a}use, food distribution, foraging, habitat preferences, Hangpl{\"a}tze, insectivory, Kenya, Lavia frons, Mammalia, Megadermatidae, monogamy, Nahrung, Nahrungsspektrum, opportunistic feeder, roosting behaviour, seasonality, social behaviour, social organization, territoriality, Vegetation}, author = {Vaughan, T. A. and Vaughan, R. P.} } @article {2883, title = {Some Chiroptera from south-central Africa}, journal = {Mammalia}, volume = {50}, number = {4}, year = {1986}, month = {1986 [published}, pages = {507-519}, abstract = {Data, including a number of breeding records, are given for several species of Chiroptera, supplementing previous information. Tadarida ventralis is recorded in Zambia for the first time, but Rhinolophus capensis has to be deleted due to previous misidentification. Successive pregnancies are confirmed in Tadarida pumila.}, keywords = {[Chaerephon pumilus] Tadarida pumila, [Chaerephon] Tadarida ansorgei, [Nycticeinops schlieffenii] Nycticeius schlieffeni australis, Africa, Chiroptera, Cloeotis percivali australis, distribution, Eidolon helvum, Emballonuridae, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros caffer, Malawi, Molossidae, Nycteridae, Nycteris grandis marica, Nycteris hispida aurita, Nycteris macrotis oriana, Nycteris thebaica capensis, Nycteris woodi, Pipistrellus rueppelli vernayi, Pteropodidae, reproduction, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus capensis, Rhinolophus fumigatus aethiops, Rhinolophus simulator, Rhinolophus swinnyi, Scotophilus dinganii, Tadarida lobata, Tadarida ventralis, Tanzania, Taphozous mauritianus, Vespertilionidae, Zambia}, url = {Ansell 1986.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mamm.1986.50.4.507}, author = {Ansell, W. F. H.} } @article {3968, title = {The status and distribution of bats in Zimbabwe}, journal = {Cimbebasia (A)}, volume = {8}, number = {26}, year = {1986}, note = {in: "Fourth International Colloquium on the Ecology and Taxonomy of African Small Mammals, Windhoek, Namibia, August 13-20, 1984"}, month = {1986}, pages = {219-236}, abstract = {Faunal diversity in the southern African subregion increases both northwards and eastwards. Zimbabwe lies in the northeast of the subregion in the highly productive Southern Savanna Woodland biotic zone. Bat specimens have been collected from 44\% of the quarter degree grid squares in Zimbabwe. Fifty-eight species are recorded, of which 14 reach the southern periphery of their range. A broad analysis of distribution relative to dominant geographical and climatic features is made. Several species are confined to the eastern half of the country but few show a similar restriction to the drier west. Seven species are widespread, but only Nycteris thebaica and Eptesicus capensis are truly ubiquitous. The distribution of many species is markedly correlated with altitude and the central watershed disrupts the distribution of several. Fourteen species are represented by too few specimens for their distribution to be assessed. Six species fail to show a distributional pattern. Distribution maps are given for species with a marked increase in collecting localities over Smithers \& Wilson (1979).}, keywords = {[Chaerephon pumilus] Tadarida pumila, [Chaerephon] Tadarida ansorgei, [Chaerephon] Tadarida chapini, [Chaerephon] Tadarida nigeriae, [Glauconycteris] Chalinolobus variegata, [Lissonycteris] Roussetus angolensis, [Mops condylurus] Tadarida condylura, [Mops] Tadarida midas, [Neoromicia nana] Pipistrellus nanus, [Neoromicia] Eptesicus capensis, [Neoromicia] Eptesicus melckorum, [Neoromicia] Eptesicus zuluensis, [Nycticeinops schlieffenii] Nycticeius schlieffeni, Chiroptera, Cloeotis percivali, distribution, Eidolon helvum, Emballonuridae, Epomophorus crypturus, Epomophorus gambianus, Epomophorus wahlbergi, Eptesicus hottentotus, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros caffer, Hipposideros commersoni [vittatus], Kerivoula argentata, Kerivoula lanosa, Laephotis botswanae, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus fraterculus, Miniopterus inflatus, Miniopterus schreibersii, Molossidae, Myotis bocagei, Myotis tricolor, Myotis welwitschii, Nycteridae, Nycteris grandis, Nycteris hispida, Nycteris macrotis, Nycteris thebaica, Nycteris woodi, Otomops martiensseni, Pipistrellus kuhlii [hesperidus], Pipistrellus rueppellii, Pipistrellus rusticus, Pteropodidae, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus blasii, Rhinolophus clivosus, Rhinolophus darlingi, Rhinolophus fumigatus, Rhinolophus hildebrandtii, Rhinolophus landeri, Rhinolophus simulator, Rhinolophus swinnyi, Rousettus aegyptiacus, Sauromys petrophilus, Scotophilus borbonicus [leucogaster], Scotophilus dinganii, Scotophilus nigrita, Southern Africa, Tadarida aegyptiaca, Tadarida fulminans, Tadarida lobata, Taphozous mauritianus, Taphozous perforatus, Triaenops persicus [afer], Vespertilionidae, Zimbabwe, zoogeography}, author = {Hutton, J. M.} } @article {4176, title = {Sudan bats revisited: An update of "Bats of the Sudan"}, journal = {Cimbebasia (A)}, volume = {8}, number = {2}, year = {1986}, month = {1986}, pages = {9-13}, abstract = {Rousettus lanosus, Myotis welwitschii, and Scotophilus borbonicus were recorded previously from Sudan and Pipistrellus crassulus is reported here. In the Sudan, Pipistrellus crassulus is a forest bat, Scotophilus borbonicus a savanna one, Rousettus lanosus and Myotis welwitschii, East African. Hipposideros ruber, as distinct from H. caffer, is a forest bat, H. caffer now a savanna one.}, keywords = {[Lissonycteris] Rousettus angolensis, [Neoromicia nana] Pipistrellus nanus, Africa, Angola, Chaerephon, Chiroptera, distribution, Epomops franqueti, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros caffer, Hypsignathus monstrosus, Micropteropus pusillus, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus schreibersi arenarius, Molossidae, Mops, Mormopterus, Nycteridae, Nycteris arge, Nycteris hispida, Nycteris nana, Pipistrellus crassulus, Pipistrellus kuhlii [hesperidus], Plecotus, Pteropodidae, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus clivosus acrotis, Rhinolophus landeri, Rousettus aegyptiacus, Scotoecus hindei, Scotoecus hirundo, Scotophilus, species richness, Sudan, systematics, Tadarida, taxonomy, Vespertilionidae, zoogeography}, author = {Koopman, K. F.} } @article {4987, title = {Systematics of African bats of the genus Eptesicus (Mammalia: Vespertilionidae). 1. Taxonomic status of the large serotines of eastern and southern Africa}, journal = {Cimbebasia (A)}, volume = {8}, number = {20}, year = {1986}, month = {1986}, pages = {167-174}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, distribution, Eptesicus hottentotus bensoni, Eptesicus hottentotus pallidior, Eptesicus hottentotus portavernus ssp. nov., Eptesicus loveni, Eptesicus platyops, Eptesicus serotinus, Flederm{\"a}use, Kenya, Mammalia, morphology, Myotis tricolor, Pipistrellus, systematics, taxonomy, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Schlitter, D. A. and Aggundey, I. R.} } @article {4988, title = {Taxonomic and distributional notes on bats from Kenya}, journal = {Ann. Carn. Mus.}, volume = {55}, number = {12}, year = {1986}, month = {1986}, pages = {297-302}, abstract = {Taxonomic and distributional comments are given for six species in three families of bats from Kenya. Two species (Hipposideros camerunensis and Tadarida russata) are reported from Kenya for the first time. (The other species discussed are H. cyclops, Scotophilus nux, Kerivoula argentata argentata and T. fulminans).}, keywords = {Artenzahl, Chaerephon russatus, Chiroptera, distribution, East Africa, Faunistik, first record, Flederm{\"a}use, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros camerunensis, Hipposideros cyclops, Kenya, Kerivoula argentata, Mammalia, Molossidae, morphology, Scotophilus nux, systematics, Tadarida fulminans, taxonomy, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Schlitter, D. A. and Aggundey, I. R. and Qumsiyeh, M. B. and Nelson, K. and Honeycutt, R. L.} } @article {4573, title = {Ultrastructure of the ventricular myocardium of the bat Eidolon helvum}, journal = {Acta Anatomica}, volume = {126}, number = {4}, year = {1986}, month = {1986}, pages = {240-243}, abstract = {Ultrastructural studies, including a preliminary morphometric analysis, of the right ventricular myocardium in the West African bat Eidolon helvum show that the myocytes contain a wider T-tubule system and a higher proportion of mitochondria and lipid droplets than in typical terrestrial mammals such as the rat; these features in the bat are even mor pronounced than in hibernating species such as the golden hamster. In addition to having coupling arrangements with T-tubules and surface sarcolemma, cisterns of junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum are closely apposed to mitochondria and lipid droplets.}, keywords = {anatomy, Chiroptera, Eidolon helvum, Ghana, Pteropodidae, ultrastructure, West Africa}, url = {Navaratnam et al. 1986.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000146225}, author = {Navaratnam, V. and Ayettey, A. S. and Addae, F. and Kesse, K. and Skepper, J. N.} } @article {3538, title = {Zur Faunistik und Biometrie angolanischer Flederm{\"a}use (Mammalia, Mega- et Microchiroptera)}, journal = {Zool. Abh. Mus. Tierkd. Dresden}, volume = {42}, number = {5}, year = {1986}, month = {1986}, pages = {65-77}, abstract = {Data on faunistics and biometry of the following Megachiroptera: Hypsignathus monstrosus, Epomophorus wahlbergi, Epomophorus angolensis, Epomops iranqueti, Micropteropus pusillus, Plerotes anchietae, Eidolon helvum, Rousettus aegyptiacus, Lissonycteris angolensis, are given, gained by self-collected materials from Uige, Luanda and its surroundings as well as from materials of other Angolian places which exist in the collections of the University of Angola and in the Museum fuer Naturkunde Berlin. Besides, several collected Microchiroptera are discussed. Triaenops persicus were found in Angola for the first time.}, keywords = {Angola, Chaerephon pumila [pumilus], Chiroptera, Eidolon helvum, Epomophorus angolensis, Epomophorus wahlbergi haldemani, Epomops franqueti, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros ruber, Hypsignathus monstrosus, Lissonycteris angolensis, Micropteropus pusillus, Molossidae, Mops condylura [condylurus], Nycteridae, Nycteris hispida, Nycteris thebaica, Plerotes anchietae, Pteropodidae, Rousettus aegyptiacus unicolor, Scotophilus dinganii, Southern Africa, Triaenops persicus [afer], Vespertilionidae}, author = {Feiler, A.} } @article {4772, title = {The bats of Egypt}, journal = {Special Publications of the Museum of Texas Tech University}, number = {23}, year = {1985}, month = {1985}, pages = {1-102}, keywords = {[Nycticeinops] Nycticeius schlieffenii, Asellia tridens, Barbastella barbastellus leucomelas, Chiroptera, distribution, Egypt, Emballonuridae, Eptesicus bottae innesi, Hipposideridae, Molossidae, North Africa, Nycteridae, Nycteris thebaica, Otonycteris hemprichii, Pipistrellus aegyptius, Pipistrellus ariel, Pipistrellus bodenheimeri, Pipistrellus kuhlii marginatus, Pipistrellus rueppellii, Plecotus austriacus christiei [christii], Pteropodidae, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus clivosus brachygnathus, Rhinolophus clivosus clivosus, Rhinolophus hipposideros minimus, Rhinolophus mehelyi, Rhinopoma hardwickei arabium, Rhinopoma hardwickei cystops, Rhinopoma microphyllum, Rhinopomatidae, Rousettus aegyptiacus, systematics, Tadarida aegyptiaca, Tadarida teniotis rueppellii, Taphozous nudiventris, Taphozous perforatus, taxonomy, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Qumsiyeh, M. B.} } @article {3135, title = {Chiropt{\`e}res d{\textquoteright}altitude du Mont Nimba (Guin{\'e}e). Description d{\textquoteright}une esp{\`e}ce nouvelle, Hipposideros lamottei}, journal = {Mammalia}, volume = {48}, number = {4}, year = {1985}, month = {1985 [for 1984]}, pages = {545-555}, abstract = {A detailed survey of the bats of the high altitude grasslands of Mont Nimba is presented. Five species were obtained, 4 of them (Lissonycteris angolensis smithi, Rhinolophus guineensis, R. fumigatus and R. simulator alticolus) new for this area. A new species, H. lamottei is described. The total number of bats species collected in Mont Nimba is 39. Comparisons are made with the specific richness of bats in other areas similarly investigated in the Guinean-Congolese region.}, keywords = {altitude, biodiversity, Chiroptera, ecology, elevation, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, Guinea, habitat preferences, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros lamottei sp. nov., Hipposideros ruber, Lissonycteris angolensis smithii, Mammalia, montane grasslands, morphology, Mount Nimba, mountains, Pteropodidae, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus fumigatus, Rhinolophus fumigatus [R. hillorum], Rhinolophus guineensis, Rhinolophus simulator alticolus, species description, species richness, systematics, taxonomy, West Africa, zoogeography}, url = {Brosset 1985.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mamm.1984.48.4.545}, author = {Brosset, A.} } @article {4440, title = {Contamination of wildlife with DDT insecticide residues in relation to tsetse fly control operations in Zimbabwe}, journal = {Environmental Pollution, Series B: Chemical and Physical}, volume = {10}, number = {3}, year = {1985}, month = {1985}, pages = {189-211}, abstract = {The distribution of DDT insecticide residues in the environment of western Zimbabwe was surveyed in order to identify the major source(s) of DDT pollution and assess whether residue accumulation in wildlife is sufficient to cause deleterious biological effects. The most important source of DDT contamination in 1982/83 was the tsetse fly control programme, with relatively minor contributions made by mosquito control, commercial agriculture and traditional farming. Although it was shown that DDT residues do not persist in the non-living environment (tree bark, soil, riverine silt), they readily accumulate in insectivorous birds and bats (respective maxima: 32 and 20 {\`{\i}g g-1 wet weight total DDT in viscera) and, to a lesser extent, in detritivorous mussels and piscivorous fish (maxima: 1.0 and 2.2 {\`{\i}g g-1 in whole body and ovary, respectively). These residues are sufficient to cause eggshell thinning in certain avian predators.}, keywords = {Aves, Chiroptera, Diptera, Glossina, Insecta, Mammalia, Neoromicia capensis, Nycteridae, Nycteris thebaica, Nycticeinops schlieffenii, pesticides, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus hildebrandtii, Scotophilus dinganii, Scotophilus viridis, Southern Africa, Vespertilionidae, Zimbabwe}, url = {Matthiessen 1985.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0143-148X(85)90043-6}, author = {Matthiessen, P.} } @article {5334, title = {Deciduous teeth and their replacement in Miniopterus schreibersii natalensis}, journal = {S. Afr. J. Zool.}, volume = {20}, number = {2}, year = {1985}, month = {1985a}, pages = {72-76}, abstract = {The sequence of replacement of the deciduous teeth by permanent teeth in Miniopterus schreibersii natalensis is described. A table showing the changes in tooth characteristics from birth until seven weeks of age is given.}, keywords = {anatomy, Chiroptera, dentition, development, histology, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus natalensis, morphology, South Africa, teeth}, author = {van der Merwe, M.} } @article {3871, title = {Echoortungsverhalten des Flughundes Rousettus aegyptiacus (Megachiroptera)}, journal = {Z. S{\"a}ugetierk.}, volume = {50}, number = {3}, year = {1985}, month = {1985}, pages = {141-152}, keywords = {activity patterns, behaviour, Chiroptera, echolocation, Mammalia, Pteropodidae, Rousettus aegyptiacus}, author = {Herbert, H.} } @article {4006, title = {Egyptian fruit bats Rousettus aegyptiacus in an apple orchard: A preliminary investigation}, journal = {International Pest Control}, volume = {27}, number = {2}, year = {1985}, month = {1985}, pages = {38-40}, keywords = {agriculture, behaviour, Chiroptera, damage, diet, ecology, food, foraging, Mammalia, orchards, plantations, Pteropodidae, Rousettus aegyptiacus, Southern Africa, Zimbabwe}, author = {Jarvis, M. J. F.} } @article {3547, title = {The feeding behaviour of insectivorous bats: Echolocation, foraging strategies, and resource partitioning}, journal = {Transvaal Museum Bulletin}, volume = {21}, year = {1985}, month = {1985b}, pages = {5-16}, abstract = {This paper uses the results of work on temperate and tropical Microchiroptera to explore the relevance of ideas about interspecific competition to faunas of insectivorous bats. The bat fauna of the Sengwa Wildlife Research Area in Zimbabwe is the focus of much of the work reviewed here. The value of echolocation as a window on the behaviour and foraging ecology of Microchiroptera is considered, and some apparatus and approaches for exploiting this avenue of investigation are reviewed. A tentative association between different foraging strategies and the basic design of echolocation calls is proposed. Some insectivorous bats pursue flying prey, hunting in continuous flight or from perches; others are gleaners, taking prey from surfaces. Bats that hunt flying prey may operate at long or short range, Another group of bats, including rhinolophids, hipposiderids, and the mormoopid Pteronotus parnellii use echolocation to detect fluttering targets. In spite of many assertions to the contrary, evidence for insectivorous bats partitioning resources (food or roosts) remains ambiguous, overwhelmed by variation in prey selected and lack of data. African bats are ideal subjects for further studies of the dynamics of interactions between sympatric species, including the possible effect of limiting (?) resources.}, keywords = {[Chaerephon] Tadarida ansorgei, [Chaerephon] Tadarida chapini, [Chaerephon] Tadarida nigeriae, [Neoromicia] Eptesicus spp. (capensis, [Nycticeinops schlieffenii] Nycticeius schlieffeni, Africa, Australia, body mass, Chiroptera, Cloeotis percivali, competition, diet, echolocation, Emballonuridae, Epomophorus crypturus, Epomophorus gambianus, Epomophorus wahlbergi, food, foraging strategies, Glauconycteris variegata, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros caffer, Hipposideros commersoni [vittatus], Hipposideros ruber, Insecta, Kerivoula argentata, kuhlii, Laephotis angolensis (botswanae?), Miniopteridae, Miniopterus spp., Molossidae, Myotis welwitschii, Nycteridae, Nycteris thebaica, Nycteris woodi, Otomops martiensseni, Pipistrellus rueppellii, Pipistrellus spp. (nanus, Pteropodidae, resource partitioning, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus clivosus, Rhinolophus denti, Rhinolophus fumigatus, Rhinolophus hildebrandtii, Rhinolophus landeri, Rhinolophus simulator, Rousettus aegyptiacus, rusticus), Scotophilus leucogaster, Scotophilus nigrita [dinganii], Tadarida fulminans, Taphozous mauritianus, Vespertilionidae, Zimbabwe, zuluensis)}, author = {Fenton, M. B.} } @article {4560, title = {First record of Eidolon helvum sabaeum (K. Andersen, 1907) for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae)}, journal = {Mammalia}, volume = {49}, number = {3}, year = {1985}, month = {1985}, pages = {429-431}, abstract = {The chiropteran fauna of the Arabian peninsula was reviewed by Harrison (1964, 1972) who recorded thirteen species of bats from the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Additional information and new records of bats for the kingdom were given by Nader (1975, 1982), Nader and Kock (1980, 1983a and b) and Jennings (1979) bringing the number of bat species recorded from the kingdom to nineteen. The present record brings the total of Saudi Arabian bats to twenty species. Further collecting most likely will add new species to the chiropteran fauna of the kingdom.}, keywords = {Arabia, Chiroptera, Eidolon helvum sabaeum, first record, Pteropodidae, Saudi Arabia}, author = {Nader, I. A.} } @article {2967, title = {Foraging behavior of the African insectivorous bat, Scotophilus leucogaster}, journal = {Biotropica}, volume = {17}, number = {1}, year = {1985}, month = {1985a}, pages = {65-70}, abstract = {The authors studied the foraging behavior of Scotophilus leucogaster in Zimbabwe, Africa, during January and February (normally the wet season) 1982, using mist nets, fecal analysis, light tags and radiotelemetry. Both the diet and foraging behavior of this species appear to be variable. Individuals foraged primarily over floodplains for an average of less than one hour at dusk and spent the rest of the night in small tree-cavity roosts. Adults averaged shorter feeding periods and remained closer to the roost area than did subadults. Hemipterans and coleopterans were the primary prey items although a number of other insect orders were eaten to varying degrees by different individuals. The diet varied between adults and subadults and from night to night. It was also more varied than that previously reported for this species during the wet season, a fact potentially due to abnormally dry conditions present during 1981 and 1982.}, keywords = {activity patterns, Beutespektrum, Chiroptera, day roosts, diet, ecology, feeding habits, Flederm{\"a}use, foraging, habitat preferences, Insecta, insectivory, Mammalia, Nahrung, Nahrungsspektrum, Nahrungswahl, prey selection, radio-tracking, roosting behaviour, Scotophilus leucogaster, seasonality, Sengwa Wildlife Research Area, Southern Africa, telemetry, Vespertilionidae, Zimbabwe}, author = {Barclay, R. M. R.} } @article {3769, title = {Geographical ecology of Nigerian mammals}, journal = {Ann. Mus. roy. Afr. Centr. (Sci. zool.)}, volume = {246}, year = {1985}, month = {1985}, pages = {5-49}, abstract = {1. The vegetation zones of Nigeria replace each other with increasing latitude. Rainforest and swamp forest in the south are succeeded by derived savanna, Guinea savanna, Sudan savanna and finally Sahel savanna in the extreme north. Climatic characteristics such as mean annual rainfall, mean number of rainy days each year and mean monthly minimum temperatures decrease from south to north, whereas number o fmonths with less than 25 mm of rain, mean monthly maximum temperatures and range of mean annual temperature increase from south to north. Associated with this clinal pattern is increased seasonality, decreased productivity and lower mean vegetation height from south to north.2. Nigeria has a diverse mammalian fauna of 42 families, 133 genera and 241 species. The general distribution of each species according to vegetation zones is tabulated. The proportional representation of each order is about the same as found in other African countries, although Chiroptera and Primates are especially well represented. The number of mammalian species is close to the predicted number in relation to the surface area of the country. The greatest numbers are found in the rainforest (116 spp) despite the small area of this vegetation zone; numbers decline in each successive zone to the north. The numbers of species of Chiroptera, Primates and Rodentia decline in each successive vegetation zone from south to north, but the Carnivora and Artiodactyla attain their highest species numbers in Guinea and Sudan savannas. The species composition of the rainforest zone is essentially different to that of any other zone; in contrast, there is considerable similarity between the faunas of the savanna zones. The rainforest fauna has the highest number of endemic species whereas Sudan and Sahel savannas contain very few endemic species. Correlation between climatic factors and species numbers in rodents show that annual range of temperature and annual rainfall are the best predictors of species numbers; in contrast no significant correlations are apparent for all species of mammals probably because of the different responses of the major orders to changes within the vegetation zones.3. The mammals of Nigeria are typical of West Africa. The affinities of the fauna show that the majority of mammals are those of {\textquoteright}savanna{\textquoteright}, {\textquoteright}rainforest{\textquoteright} and {\textquoteright}widespread{\textquoteright} origin. Other species are of {\textquoteright}Saharan{\textquoteright}, {\textquoteright}montane{\textquoteright}, {\textquoteright}western rainforest{\textquoteright}, and {\textquoteright}eastern rainforest{\textquoteright} origins; and one species is endemic. Thus all except one species occur in other West African countries.4. The mammals of the rainforest zone may be considered as two groups, divided by the Niger river; of the endemic rainforest species 60 occurwest of the river and 69 occur east of the river. The Niger river appears to act as a dispersal barrier to 27 species (i.e., 35\% of endemic rainforest species). The Jos plateau, forest relics in the savanna, and savanna-like habitats in the rainforest zone have influenced the distribution of some species.5. Analysis of the distribution and proportional abundance of small terrestrial rodents shows that species diversity indices are highest in the derived savanna and lowest in the rainforest. Many of these species occur in only one vegetation zone and have small habitat breadths; only three species have wide habitat breadths.6. Trophic levels and diversity are examined in relation to bats. Nigerian bats show the same pattern of diversity as those of Botswana and Zimbabwe. The majority are insectivorous and a small but significant proportion are fruit/nectar feeders.7. Eight {\textquoteright}faunal regions{\textquoteright} are recognized for the purposes of conservation of Nigerian mammal communities. Most faunal regions are, or will be, adequately conserved in proposed or gazetted reserved areas except for {\textquoteright}rainforest{\textquoteright} and the {\textquoteright}Jos plateau and relic forest{\textquoteright} communities; additional conservation areas are required in these two faunal regions.8. Geographical ecology of the mammals of Nigeria (as well as for many other African countries) is hampered by inadequate information on distribution patterns and an absence of quantitative and synecological studies. A community approach is necessary in order to understand many of the fascinating aspects of the geographical ecology of African mammals.}, keywords = {allopatric, biodiversity, Chiroptera, climate, communities, conservation, ecology, evolution, Faunistik, guilds, habitat preferences, Mammalia, Nigeria, seasonality, speciation, species richness, sympatric, Vegetation, West Africa, zoogeography}, author = {Happold, D. C. D.} } @article {5302, title = {Calcarmyobia from the Ethiopian region (Acarina, Myobiidae)}, journal = {Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Zool.)}, volume = {48}, number = {1}, year = {1985}, month = {1985a}, pages = {45-55}, keywords = {Acari, Africa, Arachnida, Calcarmyobia exserta sp. nov., Calcarmyobia minoris sp. nov., Calcarmyobia producta sp. nov., Calcarmyobia steatosetae rectipenis ssp. nov., Calcarmyobia steatosetae sp. nov., Chiroptera, ectoparasites, host-parasite relationships, Iraq, Kenya, Madagascar, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus majori, Miniopterus manavi, Miniopterus minor, Miniopterus schreibersi pulcher, Miniopterus scotinus, parasitism, phylogeny, systematics, taxonomy}, author = {Uchikawa, K.} } @article {4654, title = {Concinnum epomopis Sandground, 1937 (Dicrocoeliidae) from the pancreas of the West African fruit bat Eidolon helvum in Nigeria}, journal = {Z. Parasitenkd.}, volume = {71}, number = {4}, year = {1985}, month = {1985}, pages = {485-494}, abstract = {The natural arthropod and helminth infections of a vast colony of a West African fruit bat Eidolon helvum were studied over a period of 2 years. The seasonal prevalence of a non-specific ectoparasite Cyclopodia greeffi Karsch, 1884 is presented, while the complete absence of endoparasitic infection in the gut is noted. A single helminth infection with Concinnum epomopis Sandground, 1937 (Digenea) in the pancreas was found. This digenean is redescribed and data on the occurrence is presented. Helminth infection as a means of population control of the fruit bat is ruled out, as infections appeared to be accidental; the factors determining the prevalence and frequency of infections are considered. The significant factors responsible for the general overall poor helminth fauna of fruit bats in comparison to the generally diverse helminth fauna of the local insectivorous bats are discussed. Histopathological changes resulting from infection are recorded.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Eidolon helvum, Nigeria, Pteropodidae, West Africa}, url = {Otubanjo 1985.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00928351}, author = {Otubanjo, O. A.} } @article {3268, title = {Holubicula toroensis g. n., sp. n. (Acari: Trombiculidae), parasitic on the bat Tadarida condylura in SW Uganda}, journal = {Folia Parasitologica}, volume = {32}, number = {1}, year = {1985}, month = {1985}, pages = {93-95}, keywords = {[Mops condylurus] Tadarida condylura, Acari, Chiroptera, East Africa, ectoparasites, Holubicula toroensis gen. \& sp. nov., Molossidae, parasitism, Uganda}, author = {Daniel, M. and Vercammen-Grandjean, P. H.} } @article {2908, title = {Introduction {\`a} l{\textquoteright}{\'e}tude des Chiropt{\`e}res du Tafilalt (sud-est marocain)}, journal = {Mammalia}, volume = {49}, number = {3}, year = {1985}, month = {1985}, pages = {329-337}, abstract = {After some geographical and climatic data about Tafilalt (southeastern Morocco), the Chiroptera of this country are listed. An eco-ethological study was undertaken in a famous cave: Kef Azigza, where are living seven species removing all year long. Various observations all over the studied area are also discussed with reference to the biogeography of bats. There, between Atlas mountains and Sahara, Palaearctic species are the most numerous, nevertheless three afro-eremic ones were found, and especially Rhinopoma microphyllum (second data for Morocco).}, keywords = {Asellia tridens, caves, Chiroptera, climate, day roosts, Hipposideridae, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus schreibersii, Morocco, Myotis blythi [punicus], Myotis mystacinus, North Africa, Pipistrellus k{\"u}hli [kuhlii], Plecotus austriacus [gaisleri], Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus euryale, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, Rhinopoma hardwickei [hardwickii], Rhinopoma microphyllum, Rhinopomatidae, roosting, Vespertilionidae}, url = {Aulagnier \& Destre 1985.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mamm.1985.49.3.329}, author = {Aulagnier, S. and Destre, R.} } @article {2882, title = {Mammals from Malawi, part 1}, journal = {Nyala}, volume = {11}, number = {1}, year = {1985}, month = {1985}, pages = {18-24}, keywords = {Artiodactyla, Carnivora, Chiroptera, Epomophorus minor, Erinaceomorpha, Malawi, Mammalia, Primates, Pteropodidae, Rodentia, Southern Africa}, author = {Ansell, W. F. H.} } @article {5303, title = {Mites of the genus Calcarmyobia (Acarina, Myobiidae) with information on the taxonomy of their host bats of the genus Miniopterus (Chiroptera, Miniopteridae)}, journal = {Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Zool.)}, volume = {48}, number = {1}, year = {1985}, month = {1985c}, pages = {15-25}, keywords = {Acari, Africa, Angola, Arachnida, Asia, Botswana, Calcarmyobia congoensis, Calcarmyobia dusbabeki sp. nov., Calcarmyobia kenyaensis, Chiroptera, Congo (Kinshasa), ectoparasites, Ethiopia, Europe, host-parasite relationships, Kenya, Liberia, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus africanus, Miniopterus breyeri, Miniopterus breyeri vicinior, Miniopterus dasythrix, Miniopterus fraterculus, Miniopterus fuscus fraterculus, Miniopterus inflatus, Miniopterus inflatus africanus, Miniopterus inflatus rufus, Miniopterus natalensis, Miniopterus natalensis arenarius, Miniopterus schreibersi, Miniopterus schreibersi arenarius, Miniopterus schreibersi natalensis, Miniopterus schreibersi villiersi, Miniopterus scotinus, Miniopterus smitianus, Mozambique, Namibia, parasitism, phylogeny, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus lobatus [landeri], South Africa, Sudan, systematics, taxonomy, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe}, author = {Uchikawa, K.} } @article {4310, title = {Molossid{\'e}s (Mammalia, Chiroptera) c{\'e}nozo{\"{\i}ques de l{\textquoteright}Ancien et du Nouveau Monde; statut syst{\'e}matique; int{\'e}gration phylog{\'e}nique des donn{\'e}es}, journal = {Neues Jahrbuch f{\"u}r Geologie und Pal{\"a}ontologie - Abhandlungen}, volume = {170}, number = {2}, year = {1985}, month = {1985}, pages = {205-227}, abstract = {The revision of all the fossil molossid bats known leads us to settle the systematic status of the different populations. These are: Cuvierimops parisiensis and C. div. sp. (late Eocene and early Oligocene, Europe), Mormopterus (Hydromops) faustoi (Oligocene, Brazil), M. (Hydromops) stehlini, M. (H.) helveticus, Tadarida engesseri, T. leptognatha, T. (Mops) monslapidensis, Rhizomops cf. brasiliensis (Miocene, Europe, and Africa for T. engesseri). The genus Wallia (Uintan, Saskatchewan) is reassigned to the Molossidae, Thus, a phylogenetic reconstruction is proposed.}, keywords = {biogeography, Caenozoic, Chiroptera, fossils, Molossidae, palaeontology, systematics, taxonomy}, author = {Legendre, S.} } @article {3970, title = {Murci{\'e}lagos (Mammalia, Chiroptera) de las Islas Canarias}, journal = {Do{\~n}ana, Acta Vertebrata}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, year = {1985}, month = {1985}, pages = {307-315}, keywords = {[Hypsugo] Pipistrellus savii, Africa, Atlantic, Barbastella barbastellus, biodiversity, Canary Islands, Chiroptera, ecology, endemic, Europe, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, habitat preferences, island biogeography, Mammalia, Molossidae, morphology, Pipistrellus kuhlii, Pipistrellus maderensis, Plecotus teneriffae, speciation, species richness, systematics, Tadarida teniotis, taxonomy, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Ib{\'a}{\~n}ez, C. and Fern{\'a}ndez, R.} } @article {5393, title = {Note sur les mammif{\`e}res des Seychelles. Un facteur de mortalit{\'e} de la roussette end{\'e}mique, Pteropus seychellensis}, journal = {Mammalia}, volume = {49}, number = {3}, year = {1985}, month = {1985}, pages = {424-426}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, Indian Ocean, mortality, power lines, Pteropodidae, Pteropus seychellensis, Seychelles}, author = {Verschuren, J.} } @article {3975, title = {Observations sur quelques groupements intersp{\'e}cifiques de Microchiropt{\`e}res des for{\^e}ts ombrophiles de Kisangani (Za{\"{\i}re)}, journal = {Ann. Fac. Sci., Kisangani}, volume = {3}, year = {1985}, month = {1985}, pages = {93-100}, keywords = {[Neoromicia nana] Pipistrellus nanus, [Neoromicia] Eptesicus tenuipinnis, Central Africa, Chiroptera, Congo (Kinshasa), day roosts, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros ruber, interspecific associations, Myotis bocagei, Nycteridae, Nycteris arge, Nycteris grandis, Nycteris hispida, Nycteris macrotis, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus landeri, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Ifuta, N. B.} } @article {4407, title = {Old World phytophagous bats (Megachiroptera) and their food plants: A survey}, journal = {Zool. J. Linn. Soc.}, volume = {83}, number = {4}, year = {1985}, month = {1985}, pages = {351-369}, abstract = {The Megachiroptera, with a single family, 43 genera and 174 species, are confined to the Old World tropics and subtropics where they are exclusively phytophagous, feeding upon floral resources (largely nectar and pollen but also petals and bracts), fruit, leaves and water. A literature survey revealed information on the food sources for only 21 genera of bats, these feeding upon 75 genera of flowers, 145 genera of fruit and 10 genera of leaves in a total of 34 orders, 66 families and 198 genera. The bats are likely to pollinate flowers of at least 31 genera and presumably may disperse the seeds of the majority of fruits consumed. Despite our ignorance about the relationship between Megachiroptera and plants, it appears that most bats are catholic in their choice of food, and most plants are visited by a diversity of bats.}, keywords = {Africa, Asia, Chiroptera, diet, ecology, feeding habits, flowers, food distribution, foraging, frugivory, Hangpl{\"a}tze, Nahrung, Nahrungsspektrum, nectarivory, pollination, Pteropodidae, review, roosting behaviour, seed dispersal, species lists}, url = {Marshall 1985.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1985.tb01181.x}, author = {Marshall, A. G.} } @article {3209, title = {A pharmacological analysis of the responses of the gastrointestinal smooth muscle of the bat to transmural and periarterial nerve stimulation}, journal = {British Journal of Pharmacology}, volume = {84}, number = {3}, year = {1985}, month = {1985}, pages = {587-593}, abstract = {1 A comparative study of the responses of the gastrointestinal tract of the guinea-pig and of the fruit-eating bat Eidolon helvum to transmural nerve stimulation (TNS) was made.2 The stomach and rectum of the guinea-pig, the bat and the guinea-pig ileum contracted in response to TNS. These contractions were cholinergic in nature because atropine blocked and physostigmine potentiated them.3 Tetrodotoxin reversibly abolished these contractions suggesting that they were nerve-mediated.4 The bat isolated ileum usually responded to TNS with mixed motor and inhibitory components. In some cases, there were only motor or inhibitory components.5 The motor component was abolished by atropine and potentiated by physostigmine. However, the inhibitory component was non-adrenergic and non-cholinergic (NANC).6 Tetrodotoxin abolished the motor component without influencing the inhibitory component.7 Periarterial nerve stimulation of the bat ileum produced a relaxation that was blocked by bretylium, propranolol, phentolamine, reserpine and tetrodotoxin.8 It is concluded that the bat gastrointestinal smooth muscle, like the guinea-pig, has cholinergic excitatory innervation; however, the bat ileum has both a cholinergic excitatory innervation and a non-adrenergic and non-cholinergic inhibitory component.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Eidolon helvum, Nigeria, Pteropodidae, West Africa}, url = {Cole \& Marquis 1985.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.1985.tb16138.x}, author = {Cole, O. F. and Marquis, V. O.} } @booklet {5008, title = {Proceedings of the International Symposium on African Vertabrates. Systematics, Phylogeny and Evolutionary Ecology}, year = {1985}, month = {1985}, pages = {585}, publisher = {Zool. Forschungsinst. Museum A. Koenig}, address = {Bonn}, abstract = {Systematics of African Nycteris (Mammalia: Chiroptera) /Evolutionary expositions from The Birds of Africa: Halcyon song phylogeny; cockoo host partitioning; systematics of Aplopelia and Bostrychia /The origin and evolution of the Cameroon montane forest avifauna /Zoogeographical patterns of the lizard fauna of the African subsaharan savanna belt, with preliminary description of a new chameleon /Progress on a taxonomic revision of the African green tree snakes (Philothamnus spp.)}, keywords = {Africa, Amphibia, Aves, biodiversity, ecology, evolution, Faunistik, Mammalia, Pisces, Reptilia, speciation, systematics, taxonomy, zoogeography}, author = {Schuchmann, K.-L.} } @article {3044, title = {Reproduction in the Cape horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus capensis) from South Africa}, journal = {S. Afr. J. Zool.}, volume = {20}, number = {3}, year = {1985}, month = {1985}, pages = {129-135}, abstract = {Structure of the reproductive organs and the processes of spermatogenesis and follicular development are described and are similar to those described for other members of the genus Rhinolophus. The reproductive cycle of the Cape horseshoe bat is characterized by spermatogenesis between October and May (spring to autumn) with sperm released to the cauda epididymis in April and May. At this time the females are in oestrus or submaximal oestrus but copulation and ovulation are delayed until August and September (the end of winter hibernation). Between May and September spermatozoa are stored in the cauda epididymis where they show no positive association with the epididymal epithelium. Parturition occurs in November and December after a three to four month gestation.}, keywords = {anatomy, Chiroptera, histology, reproduction, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus capensis, South Africa}, author = {Bernard, R. T. F.} } @article {3558, title = {The roosting and foraging areas of Epomophorus wahlbergi (Pteropodidae) and Scotophilus viridis (Vespertilionidae) in Kruger National Park, South Africa}, journal = {J. Mamm.}, volume = {66}, number = {3}, year = {1985}, month = {1985}, pages = {461-468}, abstract = {In April 1984 in Kruger National Park, radio tracking was used to study the roosting and foraging behavior of E. wahlbergi and S. viridis, 2 bats known to roost in trees. Most E. wahlbergi roosted in foliage in riverine forest, although some roosted in a shelter cave; the S. viridis invariably roosted in hollow mopane trees along the steep sides or tops of ridges. Neither species showed any strong evidence of changing the day roosts they used to minimize commuting distance to foraging areas, although both species regularly switched locations of day roosts within localized areas. Switching day roosts may reduce predation.}, keywords = {activity patterns, behaviour, Chiroptera, diet, ecology, Epomophorus wahlbergi, Flederm{\"a}use, foraging, habitat preferences, Hangpl{\"a}tze, Kruger National Park, Mammalia, Nahrung, Nahrungsspektrum, predation pressure, Pteropodidae, radio-tracking, roosting behaviour, Scotophilus viridis, South Africa, Standortkonstanz, telemetry, trees, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Fenton, M. B. and Brigham, R. M. and Mills, A. M. and Rautenbach, I. L.} } @article {4387, title = {A scanning and transmission electron microscopic study of the bat lung}, journal = {J. Zool. (Lond.)}, volume = {205}, number = {1}, year = {1985}, month = {1985}, pages = {19-27}, abstract = {The lungs of two adult species of bat Epomophorus wahlbergi and Miniopterus minor fixed with 2.3\% glutaraldehyde were processed for SEM (scanning electron microscope) and TEM (transmission electron microscope) examination by the standard procedures. The bat lung comprised a blood and air conducting zone (consisting of bronchi, bronchioles and large blood vessels), the intermediate zone (made up of alveolar ducts), and the respiratory zone, which consisted of alveoli and blood capillaries. The interalveolar septa comprised basically granular pneumocytes (type II cells), squamous pneumocytes (type I cells), endothelial cells, and, in the interstitium, collagen and elastic fibres with occasional fibrocytes. Blood capillaries were interposed in the interalveolar septa, thus bulging into adjacent alveoli. It was noted that grossly, architecturally and structurally, the bat lung was similar to that of a terrestrial mammal. However, in previous morphometric and physiological studies it has been found that bats have a large lung, a thin pulmonary blood-gas barrier, a large pulmonary capillary blood volume, and high haematocrit and haemoglobin concentration. The bat lung, while retaining the basic mammalian pulmonary design, is well adapted to provide the large amount of oxygen demanded by flight. The avian pulmonary design (the lung-air sac system) is thus not a prerequisite to flight.}, keywords = {anatomy, Chiroptera, East Africa, Epomophorus wahlbergi, Kenya, lungs, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus minor, morphology, Pteropodidae, ultrastructure}, url = {Maina 1985.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1985.tb05610.x}, author = {Maina, J. N.} } @article {4883, title = {A systematic revision of the African bat genus Scotophilus (Vespertilionidae)}, journal = {Ann. Mus. roy. Afr. Centr. (Sci. zool.)}, volume = {246}, year = {1985}, month = {1985}, pages = {53-84}, abstract = {The systematics of African members of the genus Scotophilus has been confused and at times controversial. Apart from size and pelage color, they do not show many non-mensural differences. Multivariate statistical analyses are used with seven cranial and one wing measurement on over 2000 specimens. Six species are recognized. Two species, S. nux and S. nucella, are restricted to the high forest zone in West and Central Africa. The other four species, S. dinganii, S. leucogaster, S. nigrita, and S. viridis, occur throughout sub-Saharan Africa in the savanna vegetation zones. African mainland distribution of the genus is from Senegal and Mauritania in the west to Ethiopia and Somalia in the east, and throughout Central Africa to southern Africa.}, keywords = {Africa, allopatric, biodiversity, Chiroptera, ecology, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, habitat preferences, Mammalia, morphology, revision, Scotophilus dinganii, Scotophilus leucogaster, Scotophilus nigrita, Scotophilus nucella, Scotophilus nux, Scotophilus viridis, species richness, sympatric, systematics, taxonomy, Vespertilionidae, zoogeography}, author = {Robbins, C. B. and De Vree, F. and Van Cakenberghe, V.} } @article {3971, title = {Systematic status of the long-eared bat Plecotus teneriffae Barret-Hamilton, 1907 (Chiroptera; Vespertilionidae)}, journal = {S{\"a}ugetierkdl. Mitt.}, volume = {32}, year = {1985}, month = {1985}, pages = {143-149}, keywords = {Africa, Atlantic, Canary Islands, Chiroptera, distribution, endemic, Europe, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, island biogeography, Mammalia, morphology, Plecotus auritus, Plecotus austriacus, Plecotus teneriffae, systematics, taxonomy, Tenerife, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Ib{\'a}{\~n}ez, C. and Fern{\'a}ndez, R.} } @inbook {5319, title = {Systematics of African Nycteris (Mammalia: Chiroptera)}, booktitle = {Proc. Intern. Symp. African Vertebr.}, year = {1985}, month = {1985}, pages = {53-90}, publisher = {Zool. Forschungsinst. Museum A. Koenig}, organization = {Zool. Forschungsinst. Museum A. Koenig}, chapter = {585}, address = {Bonn}, abstract = {Based on a number of morphological characters, including the shape of the tragus and the upper incisors and the height of the second lower premolar, four species groups could be identified in African Nycteris. Of these, only the N. arge and the N. macrotis groups are discussed in this paper. Using multivariate statistical techniques on 1343 specimens, we were able to retain four species in the N. arge group and only two in the N. macrotis group. The distribution and the dimensions of all six species are discussed, along with some remarks on the status of certain forms. Lists of literature citations and material examined are given as well.}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, evolution, Flederm{\"a}use, Nycteridae, Nycteris aethiopica [macrotis], Nycteris arge, Nycteris intermedia, Nycteris macrotis, Nycteris madagascariensis, Nycteris major, Nycteris nana, revision, sibling species, speciation, systematics, taxonomy, zoogeography}, author = {Van Cakenberghe, V. and De Vree, F.}, editor = {Schuchmann, K.-L.} } @article {3973, title = {Taxonomic status of Eptesicus platyops (Thomas, 1901) (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae)}, journal = {Z. S{\"a}ugetierk.}, volume = {50}, year = {1985}, month = {1985}, pages = {241-242}, keywords = {Africa, Bioko, Chiroptera, Eptesicus platyops, Eptesicus serotinus, Europe, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, Gulf of Guinea, island biogeography, morphology, Nigeria, systematics, taxonomy, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Ib{\'a}{\~n}ez, C. and Valverde, J. A.} } @inbook {4964, title = {Une faune {\`a} rongeurs et chiropt{\`e}res plio-pl{\'e}istoc{\`e}nes de Madagascar}, booktitle = {Actes du 110e Congr{\`e}s National des Soci{\'e}t{\'e}s Savantes, Montpellier, 1985, Section des Sciences}, year = {1985}, month = {1985}, pages = {21-28}, publisher = {Comit{\'e} des Travaux Historiques et Scientifiques}, organization = {Comit{\'e} des Travaux Historiques et Scientifiques}, address = {Paris}, abstract = {A fossil vertebrate fauna, containing mainly mammals, was found in southwestern Madagascar, near the lake Tsimanampetsotsa. Three orders of mammals are represented: insectivores Lipotyphla, with one species, Chiroptera, with five species, and rodents, with four species. A Pliocene or early Pleistocene age is proposed for this locality.}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, fossils, Madagascar, Mammalia, palaeontology, Pleistocene, Pliocene}, author = {Sabatier, M. and Legendre, S.} } @article {4225, title = {Untersuchungen {\"u}ber die Dr{\"u}sen der Gesichtsregion der {\"a}gyptischen Mausschwanz-Fledermaus Rhinopoma hardwickei cystops Thomas, 1903}, journal = {Z. S{\"a}ugetierk.}, volume = {50}, number = {2}, year = {1985}, month = {1985}, pages = {57-68}, abstract = {The facial area of R. hardwickei contains a great number of glands. Holocrine sebaceous glands are located in a layer below the epidermis. They are branched, alveolar and usually associated with hairs. Sebum is expelled into the hair follicles. It may be accumulated in a central cavity until it is discharged. The sudoriparous apocrine sweat glands are tubular and penetrate deeply into the subcutaneous tissue. They consist of a duct with narrow lumen and portions for accumulation and secretion of sweat. The tubular glands either meander or highly coiled. The excretory ducts usually open onto the surface of the skin in close association with hair follicles. The ducts of both sebaceous and sudoriparous glands may also open into hair follicles. The secretory epithelium of sweat glands is columnar, the portion for accumulation consists of cuboidal cells. Both are surrounded by myoepithelial cells. The apocrine sweat glands may be stimulated just by handling captive bats (emotional stimuli like fear and aggression); they do not function in thermoregulation.}, keywords = {behaviour, Chiroptera, Egypt, Flederm{\"a}use, glands, histology, Mammalia, morphology, North Africa, Rhinopoma hardwickii cystops, Rhinopomatidae}, author = {Kulzer, E. and Helmy, I. and Necker, G.} } @article {5335, title = {The vestigial teeth of Miniopterus fraterculus and Miniopterus inflatus}, journal = {S. Afr. J. Zool.}, volume = {20}, number = {4}, year = {1985}, month = {1985b}, pages = {250-252}, abstract = {Both Miniopterus fraterculus and Miniopterus inflatus have a vestigial tooth on the maxilla situated between the canine and following premolar.}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, dentition, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus fraterculus, Miniopterus inflatus, morphology, teeth}, author = {van der Merwe, M.} } @article {5333, title = {The vestigial teeth of Miniopterus schreibersii natalensis (Mammalia: Chiroptera)}, journal = {J. Zool. (Lond.)}, volume = {207}, number = {4}, year = {1985}, month = {1985c}, pages = {483-489}, abstract = {Miniopterus schreibersii natalensis has a vestigial tooth on both sides of the upper jaw between the canine and following premolar. This tooth is regarded as permanent premolar P2 in vestigial form.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, dental formula, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus natalensis, morphology, South Africa, teeth}, author = {van der Merwe, M.} } @article {2791, title = {Annotated checklist of the mammals of Kenya. I. Chiroptera}, journal = {Ann. Carn. Mus.}, volume = {53}, number = {3}, year = {1984}, month = {1984}, pages = {119-161}, keywords = {[Chaerephon bivittatus] Tadarida bivittata, [Chaerephon cisturus] Tadarida bemmelini cistura, [Chaerephon pumilus] Tadarida pumila hindei, [Chaerephon] Tadarida ansorgei, [Glauconycteris argentata] Chalinolobus argentatus, [Glauconycteris kenyacola] Chalinolobus kenyacolus, [Glauconycteris variegata] Chalinolobus variegatus papilio, [Glauconycteris] Chalinolobus humeralis, [Lissonycteris] Rousettus angolensis ruwenzorii, [Mops brachypterus] Tadarida brachyptera, [Mops condylurus] Tadarida condylura, [Mops nanulus] Tadarida nanula, [Mops] Tadarida midas, [Myotis tricolor] Eptesicus loveni, [Neoromicia helios - nana] Pipistrellus nanus helios, [Neoromicia somalica] Eptesicus somalicus, [Neoromicia] Eptesicus capensis, [Neoromicia] Eptesicus rendalli phasma, [Neoromicia] Eptesicus tenuipinnis, [Nycticeinops] Nycticeius schlieffenii, [Saccolaimus] Taphozous peli, biodiversity, Cardioderma cor, Chiroptera, Cloeotis percivali, Coleura afra, distribution, East Africa, Eidolon helvum, Emballonuridae, Epomophorus crypturus, Epomophorus minor, Epomophorus wahlbergi haldemani, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, gazetteer, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros caffer, Hipposideros commersoni gigas, Hipposideros commersoni marungensis [vittatus], Hipposideros cyclops, Hipposideros megalotis, Hipposideros ruber centralis, Hypsignathus monstrosus, Kenya, Kerivoula argentata, Kerivoula cuprosa, Kerivoula lanosa harrisoni, Kerivoula smithii, Laephotis wintoni, Lavia frons rex, Mammalia, Megadermatidae, Micropteropus pusillus, Mimetillus moloneyi, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus fraterculus, Miniopterus inflatus africanus, Miniopterus minor, Miniopterus natalensis, Miniopterus schreibersi arenarius, Molossidae, Myonycteris relicta, Myotis bocagei hildegardeae, Myotis tricolor, Myotis welwitschii, Nycteridae, Nycteris arge, Nycteris grandis, Nycteris hispida aurita, Nycteris macrotis luteola, Nycteris nana tristis, Nycteris thebaica labiata, Otomops martiensseni, Pipistrellus aero, Pipistrellus deserti, Pipistrellus kuhlii fuscatus [hesperidus], Pipistrellus nanulus, Pipistrellus rueppelli fuscipes, Pipistrellus rusticus marrensis, Platymops setiger, Pteropodidae, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus clivosus keniensis, Rhinolophus deckenii, Rhinolophus eloquens, Rhinolophus fumigatus exsul, Rhinolophus hildebrandtii, Rhinolophus landeri lobatus, Rhinolophus simulator, Rhinopoma hardwickei macinnesi, Rhinopomatidae, Rousettus aegyptiacus leachii, Rousettus lanosus kempi, Scotoecus albofuscus woodi, Scotoecus hindei albigula [S. albigula], Scotoecus hindei hindei [hirundo], Scotophilus borbonicus viridis, Scotophilus dinganii colias, Scotophilus leucogaster, Scotophilus nigrita, Scotophilus nux, species richness, systematics, Tadarida aegyptiaca, Tadarida fulminans, Tadarida ventralis, Taphozous hamiltoni, Taphozous hildegardeae, Taphozous mauritianus, Taphozous nudiventris, Taphozous perforatus haedinus, taxonomy, Triaenops persicus afer, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Aggundey, I. R. and Schlitter, D. A.} } @article {2935, title = {An annotated inventory of a collection of bats from Rwanda (Chiroptera)}, journal = {Rev. Zool. Afr.}, volume = {98}, number = {1}, year = {1984}, month = {1984}, pages = {183-196}, keywords = {[Neoromicia somalica] Eptesicus somalicus, biodiversity, Central Africa, Chiroptera, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, habitat preferences, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros ruber, Mammalia, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus inflatus, Miniopterus schreibersii, morphology, Myotis tricolor, Myotis welwitschii, Pipistrellus kuhlii, Pteropodidae, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus clivosus, Rhinolophus hilli, Rousettus lanosus, Rwanda, species richness, systematics, taxonomy, Vespertilionidae, zoogeography}, author = {Baeten, B. and Van Cakenberghe, V. and De Vree, F.} } @article {4931, title = {Bat ticks of the genus Argas (Ixodoidea: Argasidae). 13. Haller{\textquoteright}s organ roof and anterior pit setae in Carios and Chiropterargas}, journal = {J. Parasitol.}, volume = {70}, number = {3}, year = {1984}, month = {1984}, pages = {407-411}, abstract = {Adults of 4 of the 6 species constituting the subgenus Carios and of 3 of the 4 species constituting the subgenus Chiropterargas were studied by scanning electron microscopy. All species parasitize Old World cave-dwelling insectivorous bats (Microchiroptera). The anterior pit setae number 10 in Carios and 10 or 11 in Chiropterargas. In most Carios, the setiform seta is replaced by a second serrate seta. In 2 of the 3 studied Chiropterargas species, 1 of the 2 grooved setae is exceptionally long. Porose setae number 3 in Carios and 3 or 4 in Chiropterargas. The Haller{\textquoteright}s organ roof in both subgenera is solid, lacking perforations; the aperture is narrowly transverse in Carios, irregularly wide or wide and transverse in Chiropterargas; uniquely, 1 or 2 sensilla protrude from the aperture of Chiropterargas species. The protruding sensilla and long grooved seta of Chiropterargas suggest a probably distinctive sensory-behavior pattern common to these ticks. Other morphological characters are discussed and compared to show relationships between these 2 subgenera and the subgenera Argas and Persicargas and distinctive characters present only in adult and/or larval Carios and Chiropterargas.}, keywords = {Acari, anatomy, Arachnida, Chiroptera, ectoparasites, Egypt, morphology, North Africa, parasitism}, url = {Roshdy et al. 1984.pdf http://www.jstor.org/stable/3281573}, author = {Roshdy, M. A. and Hoogstraal, H. and Clifford, C. M. and Keirans, J. E. and Corwin, M. D.} } @article {3617, title = {Bats of northern Algeria and their winter activity}, journal = {Myotis}, volume = {21-22}, year = {1984}, month = {1984 [for 1983-1}, pages = {89-95}, keywords = {[Hypsugo] Pipistrellus savii, Algeria, Asellia tridens, Chiroptera, Emballonuridae, Eptesicus serotinus [isabellinus], Hipposideridae, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus schreibersii, Molossidae, Myotis blythi [punicus], Myotis capaccinii, Myotis emarginatus, Myotis nattereri, North Africa, Nyctalus leisleri, Nyctalus noctula, Otonycteris hemprichii, Pipistrellus deserti, Pipistrellus kuhlii, Pipistrellus pipistrellus, Pipistrellus rueppellii, Plecotus austriacus [gaisleri], Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus blasii, Rhinolophus clivosus, Rhinolophus euryale, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, Rhinolophus hipposideros, Rhinolophus mehelyi, Rhinopoma hardwickii, Rhinopomatidae, Tadarida aegyptiaca, Tadarida teniotis, Taphozous nudiventris, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Gaisler, J.} } @article {3754, title = {Chromosomal banding studies and their systematic implications in African fruit bats (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae)}, journal = {Ann. Mus. roy. Afr. Centr. (Sci. zool.)}, volume = {237}, year = {1984}, month = {1984 [for 1983]}, pages = {1-8}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, chromosomes, cladistics, cytogenetics, Epomophorus minor, Epomophorus wahlbergi, Epomops, evolution, Hypsignathus, karyotypes, Lissonycteris, Mammalia, Megaloglossus, Micropteropus, morphology, Myonycteris, phylogeny, Pteropodidae, Rousettus, speciation, systematics, taxonomy}, author = {Haiduk, M. W. and Robbins, L. W. and Schlitter, D. A.} } @article {3535, title = {Damage to coconut trees by roosting fruit bats in Tanzania}, journal = {Tropical Pest Management}, volume = {30}, number = {2}, year = {1984}, month = {1984}, pages = {207-209}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Cocos nucifera, colony size, day roosts, East Africa, Eidolon helvum, Palmae, Pteropodidae, roosting, Tanzania, trees, woody plants}, url = {Feare et al. 1984.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09670878409370878}, author = {Feare, C. J. and Manyanza, D. N. and Mbise, T. J.} } @article {5036, title = {Echolocation and hearing in the mouse-tailed bat, Rhinopoma hardwickei: Acoustic evolution of echolocation in bats}, journal = {J. Comp. Physiol. A}, volume = {154}, number = {3}, year = {1984}, month = {1984}, pages = {347-356}, abstract = {1. Mouse-tailed bats (Rhinopoma hardwickei) use short-duration, multiple-harmonic, constant-frequency (CF) or slightly frequency-modulated (FM) signals for echolocation of flying insect prey. The frequency components are 18-20 kHz (first harmonic), 36-40 kHz (second harmonic), 56-60 kHz (third harmonic), and 75-80 kHz (fourth harmonic). The second harmonic is the strongest component, with the third harmonic 2 to 10 dB weaker, and the first and fourth harmonics about 10 to 20 dB weaker than the second.2. The bat{\textquoteright}s hearing, as indicated by N4 auditory evoked potentials, is moderately sharply tuned to the second harmonic, broadly sensitive to the first harmonic and to lower frequencies, and moderately sensitive to the third and fourth harmonics. The degree of tuning is sufficient to indicate some specialized function for the second harmonic, perhaps in the task of detecting targets at maximum range, since this is the lowest of the strong harmonics and least affected by atmospheric attenuation. These bats probably do not perform the Doppler compensation response even though their hearing is tuned.3. The pattern of emission of sonar sounds (repetition rate, duration) during interception of prey is similar to that observed in most other species of bats. The signals are emitted at repetition rates of 10-20/s during the search stage, 20-40/s during the approach stage, and about 100/s during the terminal stage of the pursuit process. The sonar sounds emitted during the search stage are 6-10 ms long, during the approach stage they are 2-4 ms long, and during the terminal stage they are less than 1 ms long.4. The principal acoustic dimension of echolocation sounds that relates to perception of targets is signal bandwidth, which Rhinopoma hardwickei manipulates throughout the pursuit process by shortening the duration of its sonar sounds and also by slightly broadening the FM sweeps in its terminal-stage sounds. The onset-time of the long, search-stage sounds and the longer, early approach-stage sounds is more abrupt than for the shorter, late approach-stage and the short terminal-stage sounds. This apparently deliberate transient beginning broadens the signal{\textquoteright}s bandwidth at the onset relative to the narrower bandwidth prevailing for the rest of the CF harmonic structure which follows. In the shorter sounds, which are emitted during the late approach stage and terminal stage, the onset is more gradual, but the duration (the envelope) and the offset-time are now short enough that the bandwidth of the signal as a whole is increased. The bandwidth is manipulated primarily by these changes in signal envelope and secondarily by the increased FM sweep-width in the terminal stage.5. Except for duration these signals are relatively inflexible and suggestive of a primitive kind of echolocation in which only one dimension is changed to achieve qualities which most other species of bats obtain by changing a variety of signal dimensions simultaneously. The abrupt signal onsets may be an indication that multiple-harmonic CF and FM echolocation sounds evolved from click-like echolocation sounds of the type emitted by Rousettus and some terrestrial mammals.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, echolocation, Egypt, North Africa, Rhinopoma hardwickii, Rhinopomatidae}, author = {Simmons, J. A. and Kick, S. A. and Lawrence, B. D.} } @book {3154, title = {Ecological Survey of the Impenetrable (Bwindi) Forest, Uganda, and Recommendations for its Conservation and Management}, year = {1984}, month = {1984}, pages = {vi+150 pp.}, publisher = {Report to the Government of Uganda}, organization = {Report to the Government of Uganda}, address = {Wildlife Conservation International \& New York Zoological Society}, keywords = {Albertine Rift, Aves, bushmeat, Bwindi Impenetrable Forest, Central Africa, Chiroptera, conservation, fauna, flora, Gorilla beringei, hunting, land use, Mammalia, mining, montane, mountains, Primates, protected areas, tropical forests, Uganda, Vegetation, wildlife management}, author = {Butynski, T. M.} } @article {2957, title = {The epididymis of the fruit bat, Epomophorus anurus}, journal = {Afr. J. Ecol.}, volume = {22}, number = {1}, year = {1984}, month = {1984}, pages = {55-61}, keywords = {Chiroptera, East Africa, Epomophorus anurus [labiatus], histology, Pteropodidae, reproduction}, url = {Baranga et al. 1984.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2028.1984.tb00674.x}, author = {Baranga, J. and Schliemann, H. and Kayanja, F. I. B. and Muwazi, R. T.} } @article {4309, title = {Essai de biog{\'e}ographie phylog{\'e}nique des molossides (Chiroptera)}, journal = {Myotis}, volume = {21-22}, year = {1984}, month = {1984a [for 1983-}, pages = {30-36}, abstract = {The Molossidae seem to originate within the Old World. They are supposed to have migrated twice at least to South America, coming from Africa by a transatlantic way during the Late Eocene and the Oligocene. Several migrations would have reached Australia as early as the Miocene. The genus Mormopterus would have undergone a restriction of its geographical distribution due to the spreading of the other molossid bats and it is now limited to refuge zones. Peculiar molossid species suggest an important part in biogeography for the Indo-Malayan region.}, keywords = {biogeography, Chiroptera, fossils, Molossidae, palaeontology, phylogeny}, author = {Legendre, S.} } @article {4308, title = {{\'e}tude odontologique des repr{\'e}sentants actuels du groupe Tadarida (Chiroptera, Molossidae). Implications phylog{\'e}niques, syst{\'e}matiques et zoog{\'e}ographiques}, journal = {Rev. suisse Zool.}, volume = {91}, number = {2}, year = {1984}, month = {1984b}, pages = {399-442}, abstract = {The dental morphology of the recent bats of the Tadarida group was studied. Four genera are distinguished: Rhizomops gen. nov. [R. brasiliensis comb. nov. (T. brasiliensis)], Nyctinomops, Tadarida (including the subgenera Chaerephon and Mops) and Mormopterus (including the revalidated subgenera Platymops, Sauromys and Micronomus). These genera with Otomops are in Tadaridinae subfam. nov. Molossinae subfam. nov. and Cheiromelinae subfam. nov. are also proposed. The systematic clarification by an odontological approach and the phylogenetical relationships between these taxa are discussed. The zoogeographical history of the Molossidae, which are scattered in the warm areas of both Old and New World, is discussed.}, keywords = {biogeography, Chaerephon, Chiroptera, dental morphology, distribution, Erstbeschreibung, evolution, Flederm{\"a}use, Mammalia, Micronomus, Molossidae, Mops, Mormopterus, morphology, Nyctinomops, Otomops, palaeontology, phylogeny, Platymops, Rhizomops gen. nov., Sauromys, speciation, systematics, Tadarida, taxonomy, tooth structure, Verbreitung, zoogeography}, author = {Legendre, S.} } @article {4985, title = {Flederm{\"a}use als Nahrung von Schlangen}, journal = {Bonn. zool. Beitr.}, volume = {35}, number = {4}, year = {1984}, month = {1984}, pages = {335-342}, abstract = {A further record of Nyctalus leisleri (Kuhl, 1818) from Afghanistan is verified by a specimen from the stomach of a snake (Coluber rhodorachis). A study of the literature on snakes preying on bats makes it clear that chiropterophagy seems not to be uncommon for some populations of various snake species. Most of the observations concern giant snakes and larger climbing colubrid species. Not only caves with large bat populations attract the interest of potential predators; snakes seem to be equally successful in hunting bat species which live together in small groups and different types of roosting places. Under favorable conditions a snake{\textquoteright}s diet can largely consist of bats. According to the type of roosting place snakes use various hunting techniques and are even capable of capturing their prey in total darkness.}, keywords = {Afghanistan, Asia, Chiroptera, Coluber rhodorachis, Colubridae, diet, food, Lamprophis fuliginosus, Neotropics, North America, Nyctalus leisleri, predation, Reptilia, review, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus hildebrandtii, Serpentes, Southern Africa, Vespertilionidae, Zimbabwe}, author = {Sch{\"a}tti, B.} } @article {4126, title = {Flederm{\"a}use aus Obervolta, W-Afrika (Mammalia: Chiroptera)}, journal = {Senckenbergiana biol.}, volume = {64}, number = {4/6}, year = {1984}, month = {1984}, pages = {255-311}, abstract = {The number of bat species known for Upper Volta is raised from 27 to 33 by the records of Rhinopoma hardwickei, R. microphyllum, Taphozous nudiventris, Asellia tridens, Hipposideros jonesi and Pipistrellus rusticus. For these and 18 other species, locality records, measurements and biological data are given (Eidolon helvum, Epomophorus gambianus, Lissonycteris angolensis, Micropteropus pusillus, T. perforatus, Nycteris hispida, N. macrotis, N. thebaica, N. gambiensis, Rhinolophus landeri, R. fumigatus, H. ruber, H. abae, Eptesicus guineensis, Nycticeius schlieffeni, Scotophilus leucogaster, Tadarida pumila and T. major).}, keywords = {Asellia tridens, behaviour, Burkina Faso, Chaerephon major, Chaerephon pumilus, Chiroptera, dry season, ecology, Eidolon helvum, Emballonuridae, Epomophorus gambianus, Faunistik, habitat preferences, Hangpl{\"a}tze, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros abae, Hipposideros jonesi, Hipposideros ruber, Lissonycteris angolensis, Mammalia, Micropteropus pusillus, Molossidae, morphology, Neoromicia guineensis, Nycteridae, Nycteris gambiensis, Nycteris hispida, Nycteris macrotis, Nycteris thebaica, Nycticeinops schlieffenii, Pipistrellus rusticus, Pteropodidae, reproduction, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus fumigatus, Rhinolophus landeri, Rhinopoma hardwickii, Rhinopoma microphyllum, Rhinopomatidae, roosting behaviour, Scotophilus leucogaster, seasonality, species richness, systematics, Taphozous nudiventris, Taphozous perforatus, taxonomy, Vegetation, Vespertilionidae, West Africa, zoogeography}, author = {Koch-Weser, S.} } @article {5171, title = {Fruit intake and energy budgets of frugivorous bats}, journal = {Physiol. Zool.}, volume = {57}, number = {4}, year = {1984}, month = {1984a}, pages = {457-467}, abstract = {Paleotropical fruit bats (Pteropodidae) ingest up to 2.5 times their body mass in fruits nightly. On a mass-specific basis, this is about double the amount reported for neotropical fruit bats (Phyllostomidae). By manipulating the energy and protein contents of their diets, the author found that the pteropodids{\textquoteright} high fruit intakes are determined by the protein content of the fruits they exploit. Pteropodids appear to be obliged to overingest energy in order to obtain sufficient protein. Phyllostomid fruit bats may escape this protein constraint by supplementing their diets with insects, thus increasing the overall protein content of the diet. Differing abilities to supplement their diets may result in important differences in how pteropodid and phyllostomid bats nutritionally evaluate fruits, regulate their intakes, and function as seed dispersers.}, keywords = {Africa, Artibeus, Chiroptera, diet, ecology, energetics, energy budget, Epomops buettikoferi, Flederm{\"a}use, frugivory, Micropteropus pusillus, Nahrung, Nahrungsspektrum, Neotropics, nitrogen, Palaeotropics, Phyllostomidae, Pteropodidae}, url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/30163347}, author = {Thomas, D. W.} } @article {4141, title = {The identity of Nyticejus eriophorus Heuglin 1877 and its status within the Kerivoula lanosa (A. Smith 1847) group (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)}, journal = {Abstracts of the 4th Int. Coll. on the Ecology and Taxonomy of African Small Mammals}, year = {1984}, month = {1984}, pages = {20}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Ethiopia, Kerivoula eriophora, Kerivoula lanosa, Northeast Africa, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Kock, D.} } @article {2955, title = {The incidence of accessory adrenocortical bodies in Rousettus aegyptiacus E Geoffroy (Megachiroptera: Mammalia)}, journal = {Mammalia}, volume = {48}, number = {2}, year = {1984}, month = {1984}, pages = {267-274}, abstract = {Two types of accessory adrenal bodies were found: the macroscopic and microscopic. They are similar to the main adrenal gland in colour and the majority of the macroscopic bodies occur on its venous pole. An examination of 320 adrenals revealed that macroscopic accessory bodies have a 27\% incidence. This percentage becomes greater when both macroscopic and microscopic adrenal bodies are considered together. On the whole, the immature bats have the lowest incidence of macroscopic accessory tissue. The highest incidence occurs in the breeding population, especially females. Their incidence differs significantly between breeding and nonbreeding bats. The distribution of these accessory bodies on the two adrenals is not significantly different. Microscopic accessory bodies are not biased towards one particular adrenal pole. All the sections examined so far, show the accessory adrenal bodies as consisting of cortical tissue only.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, East Africa, hormones, physiology, Pteropodidae, reproduction, Rousettus aegyptiacus, Uganda}, url = {Baranga 1984.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mamm.1984.48.2.267}, author = {Baranga, J.} } @article {4628, title = {The influence of seasonality of food and rainfall on some aspects of ecology of bats in Entebbe Peninsula, Uganda}, journal = {Ann. Mus. roy. Afr. Centr. (Sci. zool.)}, volume = {237}, year = {1984}, note = {in: Proc. 3rd Int. Coll. Afr. Small Mammals}, month = {1984 [for 1983]}, pages = {35-41}, keywords = {[Neoromicia nana] Pipistrellus nanus, behaviour, biodiversity, Chaerephon nigeriae, Chaerephon pumilus, Chiroptera, East Africa, ecology, Eidolon helvum, Epomophorus anurus [labiatus], Epomops franqueti, Flederm{\"a}use, fruits, habitat preferences, Insecta, Mammalia, Molossidae, Mops condylurus, Nycteridae, Nycteris thebaica, phenology, Pteropodidae, resource availability, Rousettus aegyptiacus, Scotophilus dinganii, seasonality, species richness, Uganda, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Ogen-Odoi, A. A.} } @article {4158, title = {Tadarida teniotis (Rafinesque, 1814) in the W-Palaearctic and a lectotype for Dysopes rueppelii Temminck, 1826 (Chiroptera: Molossidae)}, journal = {Z. S{\"a}ugetierk.}, volume = {49}, number = {3}, year = {1984}, month = {1984}, pages = {129-135}, abstract = {Additional records of T. teniotis within the western Paleartic region from Algeria, Tunisia, Spain, Corsica, Italy, Greece and Lebanon are presented and the known species range is updated. Based on available information the status of D. rueppelli Temminck, 1826 (= T. t. rueppelli) from Egypt is discussed and a lectotype is selected.}, keywords = {Africa, Algeria, Arabia, Chiroptera, distribution, Egypt, Europe, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, Greece, Italy, Lebanon, Mammalia, Molossidae, morphology, Palaearctic, Spain, systematics, Tadarida teniotis rueppelli, taxonomy, Tunisia}, author = {Kock, D. and Nader, I. A.} } @article {2836, title = {Les cycles annuels de reproduction chez les chiropt{\`e}res phytophiles au Shaba (S.E. Za{\"{\i}re) et au Rwanda}, journal = {Ann. Mus. roy. Afr. Centr. (Sci. zool.)}, volume = {237}, year = {1984}, note = {in: Proc. 3rd Int. Coll. Afr. Small Mammals}, month = {1984 [for 1983]}, pages = {27-34}, keywords = {annual breeding cycles, behaviour, Central Africa, Chaerephon nigeriae, Chiroptera, Congo (Kinshasa), day roosts, ecology, Eidolon helvum, Emballonuridae, Epomophorus crypturus, Epomophorus gambianus, Epomophorus labiatus, Epomophorus wahlbergi haldemani, Epomops dobsonii, Flederm{\"a}use, Glauconycteris argentata, Glauconycteris variegata, habitat preferences, Katanga, Kerivoula argentata, Kerivoula harrisoni lucia [lanosa], Laephotis angolensis, Lavia frons, Mammalia, Megadermatidae, Megaloglossus woermanni, Micropteropus pusillus, Mimetillus moloneyi, Molossidae, Mops midas, Mops nanulus, Mops thersites, Myotis bocagii, Myotis welwitschii, Neoromicia capensis, Neoromicia nanus, Neoromicia rendalli, Neoromicia tenuipinnis, Nycteridae, Nycteris arge, Nycteris hispida, Nycticeinops schlieffenii, Plerotes anchietae, Pteropodidae, reproduction, roosting behaviour, Scotoecus albofuscus woodi, Scotoecus hirundo hindei, Scotophilus dinganii, Scotophilus gigas [nigrita], seasonality, species richness, Taphozous mauritianus, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Anciaux de Faveaux, M.} } @article {2835, title = {Les parasites des chiropt{\`e}res du continent Africain}, journal = {Ann. Mus. roy. Afr. Centr. (Sci. zool.)}, volume = {244}, year = {1984}, month = {1984}, pages = {i-ix, 1-92}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, distribution, ecology, Flederm{\"a}use, host species, Insecta, Mammalia, parasite-host relationships, parasitism, Pteropodidae, review, species richness, systematics, taxonomy, Verbreitung}, author = {Anciaux de Faveaux, M.} } @article {4083, title = {Leydig cells of the fruit bat testis}, journal = {Afr. J. Ecol.}, volume = {22}, number = {3}, year = {1984}, month = {1984}, pages = {223-227}, keywords = {Chiroptera, East Africa, Epomophorus anurus [labiatus], Pteropodidae, reproduction}, url = {Kayanja et al. 1984.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2028.1984.tb00698.x}, author = {Kayanja, F. I. B. and Baranga, J. and Schliemann, H.} } @article {5170, title = {Moth scales in feces of fruit bats: Evidence of insectivory or fruit contamination?}, journal = {J. Mamm.}, volume = {65}, number = {3}, year = {1984}, month = {1984b}, pages = {484-485}, abstract = {While trying to photograph bats visiting the fruits of Muntingia calabura (Elaeocarpaceae) in Costa Rica and Ficus capensis (Moraceae) in Ivory Coast, West Africa, the author found that moths were so abundant on and around the fruits that they continually triggered the camera{\textquoteright}s beam splitter. This made him question whether moth scales were a regular surface contaminant of some fruits and, if so, whether these scales appeared in fecal samples of frugivorous bats.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Costa Rica, diet, ecology, Epomops buettikoferi, frugivory, insectivory, Ivory Coast, Micropteropus pusillus, Nahrung, Nahrungsspektrum, Pteropodidae, West Africa}, author = {Thomas, D. W.} } @article {4475, title = {New data on Casinycteris argynnis Thomas 1910, (Megachiroptera, Pteropodidae)}, journal = {Ann. Mus. roy. Afr. Centr. (Sci. zool.)}, volume = {237}, year = {1984}, month = {1984 [for 1983]}, pages = {9-17}, keywords = {Casinycteris argynnis, Central Africa, Chiroptera, distribution, ecology, Faunistik, Mammalia, morphology, palatal ridges, Pteropodidae, systematics, taxonomy}, author = {Meirte, D.} } @article {4841, title = {New distributional records of bats for the Republic of South Africa, with special reference to the Kruger National Park}, journal = {Koedoe}, volume = {27}, number = {1}, year = {1984}, month = {1984}, pages = {131-136}, abstract = {Data on the distributions of seven species of bats in South Africa are discussed. Four species, Hipposideros commersoni, Pipistrellus rueppelli, Tadarida ansorgei and T. fulminans are reported for the first time from South Africa and all but T. ansorgei from Kruger National Park. Rhinolophus simulator and Kerivoula lanosa are recorded for the first time from the Kruger National Park. The subspecies relationship of Eptesicus hottentotus in the eastern part of South Africa is reviewed.}, keywords = {Chaerephon ansorgei, Chiroptera, distribution, Eptesicus hottentotus, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros commersoni marungensis [vittatus], Kerivoula lanosa, Mammalia, Mkuze Game Reserve, Molossidae, Natal, Pipistrellus rueppellii, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus simulator, South Africa, species richness, systematics, Tadarida fulminans, taxonomy, Transvaal, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Rautenbach, I. L. and Schlitter, D. A. and Braack, L. E. O.} } @article {4882, title = {A new high forest species in the African bat genus Scotophilus (Vespertilionidae)}, journal = {Ann. Mus. roy. Afr. Centr. (Sci. zool.)}, volume = {237}, year = {1984}, month = {1984 [for 1983]}, pages = {19-24}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, ecology, Flederm{\"a}use, Ghana, habitat preferences, Mammalia, morphology, Scotophilus nigrita, Scotophilus nucella sp. nov., Scotophilus nux, species description, systematics, taxonomy, Uganda, Vegetation, Vespertilionidae, zoogeography}, author = {Robbins, C. B.} } @article {3461, title = {New records of occurrences for six species of small mammals in the northern Cape Province}, journal = {S. Afr. J. Wildl. Res.}, volume = {14}, number = {4}, year = {1984}, month = {1984}, pages = {91-96}, abstract = {The occurrence of two rodent species (Steatomys krebsii and Dendromus melanotis) and four species of bats (Scotophilus dinganii, Hipposideros caffer, Taphozous mauritianus and Rhinolophus darlingi) is recorded in the northern Cape Province for the first time. The difficulties in positively identifying R. darlingi specimens necessitated a karyological overview and morphometric multivariate analyses of selected representatives of the ten southern African species of Rhinolophus.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, chromosomes, cytogenetics, Emballonuridae, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros caffer, karyotypes, Mammalia, morphology, PCA, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus blasii, Rhinolophus capensis, Rhinolophus clivosus, Rhinolophus darlingi, Rhinolophus denti, Rhinolophus fumigatus, Rhinolophus hildebrandtii, Rhinolophus landeri, Rhinolophus simulator, Rhinolophus swinnyi, Rodentia, Scotophilus dinganii, South Africa, systematics, Taphozous mauritianus, taxonomy, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Erasmus, B. H. and Rautenbach, I. L.} } @article {3731, title = {A note on the mammals of the Addo Elephant National Park}, journal = {Koedoe}, volume = {27}, number = {1}, year = {1984}, month = {1984}, pages = {145-146}, abstract = {The small mammals of the Addo Elephant National Park (AENP) have been discussed and the large mammals listed by Swanepoel (1975, Koedoe 18: 103-130). Since this publication various changes have taken place and new species have been recorded. In addition, some species introduced to the AENP (Penzhorn 1971, Koedoe 14: 145-159) have succumbed. This note serves to bring the record up to date.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, distribution, Mammalia, Nycteridae, Nycteris thebaica, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus capensis, South Africa}, author = {Grobler, J. H. and Braack, H. H.} } @article {3043, title = {The occurrence of spermiophagy under natural conditions in the cauda epididymidis of the Cape horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus capensis)}, journal = {J. Reprod. Fert.}, volume = {71}, number = {2}, year = {1984}, month = {1984}, pages = {539-543}, abstract = {In Cape horseshoe bats large numbers of spermatozoa remain in the cauda epididymidis after copulations have ceased in September. Light microscopy has shown that for 5 months after September phagocytes are present in the lumen of the cauda epididymidis and electron microscopy has shown these cells to be active spermiophages. The large numbers of spermiophages present suggests that these cells could be responsible for removal of most of the excess spermatozoa. Spermiophagy by the epididymal epithelial cells occurs rarely and is not significant in the treatment of excess spermatozoa.}, keywords = {cellular ingestion, Chiroptera, gametes, reproduction, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus capensis, South Africa}, author = {Bernard, R. T. F.} } @article {4676, title = {Parasites of Chiroptera in Zambia}, journal = {J. Wildl. Dis.}, volume = {20}, number = {2}, year = {1984}, month = {1984}, pages = {153-154}, keywords = {[Chaerephon pumilus] Tadarida pumila, [Neoromicia nana] Pipistrellus nanus, Arachnida, Chiroptera, Diptera, Epomophorus gambianus parvus [crypturus], Eucampsipoda africana, Insecta, Molossidae, Nycteribiidae, Nycteridae, Nycteris cf. woodi, Pteropodidae, Rousettus aegyptiacus leachi, Scotophilus viridis, Southern Africa, Spinturnicidae, Spinturnix walkerae, Vespertilionidae, Zambia}, author = {Peirce, M. A.} } @article {4863, title = {Parasitologische Untersuchungen bei wildlebenden S{\"a}ugern im S{\"u}dsudan}, journal = {Mitt. {\"o}sterr. Ges. Tropenmed. Parasitol.}, volume = {6}, year = {1984}, month = {1984}, pages = {105-110}, abstract = {In November and December 1981 and in January 1983 622 wild small mammals and Carnivora were collected at the Upper Nile Province in Southern Sudan. They were examined zoologically, parasitologically and serologically. Of all wild animals examined, only one jackal was positive for Leishmania donovani.In Carnivora, a high degree of contamination with Haemococcidia of the Hepatozoon spec, was found. Of 50 Felis libyca 18 (36\%), of 29 Genetta spec. 13 (44.8\%) and 72 Canis spec, (jackal) 3 were positive. One case each was found in Mus spec, and Mastomys spec. Intestinal exploration of 330 Muridae showed the following results: Entamoeba muris was found in 8.1\% of cases, Chilomastix spec, in 4.2\% and Hexamites pulcher in 2.7\% of cases.The existence of Q-fever in various wild mammals was investigated by taking random samples. Surprisingly almost all genera examined were positive. Of 31 Eidolon helvum, 5 were positive, of these 2 with a titer higher then 1:32. The sera of 4 jackals, 2 wildcats and 3 hedgehogs all had a titer of 1:32 or higher. Examination of the same sera showed that 13 of 31 hedgehogs were Listeria-positive; of these, 6 had titer levels of 1:400.}, keywords = {[Chaerephon pumilus] Tadarida pumila, [Mops condylurus] Tadarida condylura, Carnivora, Chiroptera, Eidolon helvum, Lagomorpha, Mammalia, Molossidae, Northeast Africa, Nycteridae, Nycteris hispida, parasites, parasitism, Pteropodidae, Rodentia, Soricomorpha, Sudan}, author = {Reinthaler, F. and {\v S}ebek, Z.} } @article {5044, title = {Predation by pied cros Corvus albus on Gambian epauletted bats Epomophorus gambianus}, journal = {Bull. Brit. Orn. Club}, volume = {104}, number = {3}, year = {1984}, month = {1984}, pages = {77-79}, keywords = {Aves, Chiroptera, Corvus albus, day roosts, Eidolon helvum, Epomophorus gambianus, Gambia, predation, prey, Pteropodidae, West Africa}, author = {Smalley, M. E.} } @inbook {4175, title = {A progress report on the systematics of African Scotophilus (Vespertilionidae)}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth International Bat Research Conference}, year = {1984}, month = {1984}, pages = {102-113}, publisher = {University of Ife Press}, organization = {University of Ife Press}, chapter = {114}, address = {Ife-Ife, Nigeria}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, Mammalia, morphology, Scotophilus borbonicus, Scotophilus gigas [nigrita], Scotophilus leucogaster, Scotophilus nigrita, Scotophilus nigritellus [viridis], species richness, systematics, taxonomy, Vegetation, Vespertilionidae, zoogeography}, author = {Koopman, K. F.}, editor = {Okon, E. E. and Caxton-Martins, A. E.} } @article {5392, title = {Quelques observations sur l{\textquoteright}adaptation des rongeurs et cheiropt{\`e}res {\`a} des conditions {\'e}cologiques extr{\^e}mes}, journal = {Ann. Mus. roy. Afr. Centr. (Sci. zool.)}, volume = {237}, year = {1984}, month = {1984 [for 1983]}, pages = {101-102}, keywords = {Africa, behaviour, Chiroptera, distribution, ecology, Mammalia, Myotis blythii, Pteropodidae, Rodentia, Rousettus aegyptiacus, Rousettus lanosus, Senegal, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Verschuren, J.} } @article {5174, title = {Reproduction and growth in three species of West African fruit bats}, journal = {J. Zool. (Lond.)}, volume = {202}, number = {2}, year = {1984}, month = {1984}, pages = {265-281}, abstract = {This study outlines the reproduction periods of the African fruit bats Epomops buettikoferi, Epomophorus garnbianus, and Micropteropus pusillus at two West African savanna sites: a wet southern Guinea savanna and a drier southern Sudanese savanna. At both sites the two annual birth periods were timed such that both lactation by only one weaning period coincided with the rainy season peaks in fruit availability. On this basis we propose that lactation rather than weaning was the important determinant of the timing of reproduction. There was no evidence of cycling of testes size in males corresponding with the seasonal mating periods. E. buettikoferi and M. pusillus females mated at six months and gave birth at the age of 12 months. Males of the two species reached puberty by 11 months and seven months, respectively. Growth rates did not differ between cohorts growing through the wet and dry season and E. buettikoferi and M. pusillus grew at rates of 276 mg/day and 116 mg/day, respectively.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, dry season, ecology, Epomophorus gambianus, Epomops buettikoferi, foraging, fruit availability, Ivory Coast, lactation, Micropteropus pusillus, Nahrung, parental care, Pteropodidae, reproduction, West Africa, wet season}, author = {Thomas, D. W. and Marshall, A. G.} } @article {4580, title = {The rodents and other small mammals of the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park}, journal = {Koedoe}, volume = {27}, number = {Suppl.}, year = {1984}, month = {1984}, pages = {195-220}, abstract = {The state of knowledge pertaining to the biology of small mammals occurring in the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park is reviewed with reference to completed and ongoing projects. Aspects of daily activity rhythms, habitat selection, diet, population fluctuations and changes in community structure, as well as reproduction are discussed. The zoogeography of the park is alluded to, and aspects which need additional attention are mentioned.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Mammalia, Rodentia, South Africa}, author = {Nel, J. A. J. and Rautenbach, I. L. and Els, D. A. and de Graaff, G.} } @inbook {3768, title = {Small mammals}, booktitle = {Key Environments: Sahara Desert}, year = {1984}, month = {1984}, pages = {251-275}, publisher = {Pergamon}, organization = {Pergamon}, address = {Oxford}, keywords = {activity patterns, Africa, allopatric, behaviour, biodiversity, Chiroptera, communities, deserts, diet, ecology, endemic, evolution, Faunistik, guilds, habitat preferences, Mammalia, Nahrung, physiology, reproduction, seasonality, speciation, species richness, sympatric, systematics, taxonomy, zoogeography}, author = {Happold, D. C. D.}, editor = {Cloudsley-Thompson, J. L.} } @article {3119, title = {Some parasitic Protozoa from the Gambia}, journal = {J. Protozool.}, volume = {31}, number = {4}, year = {1984}, month = {1984}, pages = {577-578}, abstract = {A new species of Eimeria from the fat-tailed gecko Hemidactylus brookei in Gambia, West Africa, was described and named E. helenae in honor of Mrs. Helen Levine. The oocysts averaged 22.2 {\textmu}m and each contained four sporocysts (8.0 {\texttimes} 6.9 {\textmu}m) with two sporozoites per sporocyst. No schizogony or gametogony was discovered in the intestine, suggesting that these stages may occur in the liver or bile cannuli. The oocysts of an adeleid parasite of the insect prey of the centipede Scolopendrium morsitans were described. Plasmodium agamae, an eimeriid hemogregarine, Pirhaemocyton, and a Shellackia-type parasite were found in the blood of agamid lizards. The fruit bat Epomorphorus gambianus was commonly and heavily infected with Hepatocystis epomorphori.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, endoparasites, Epomophorus gambianus, Gambia, parasitism, Pteropodidae, West Africa}, url = {Bray 1984.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1984.tb05507.x}, author = {Bray, R. S.} } @article {3537, title = {{\"u}ber die S{\"a}ugetiere der Insel S{\~a}o Tom{\'e} (Mammalia)}, journal = {Zool. Abh. Mus. Tierkd. Dresden}, volume = {40}, number = {7}, year = {1984}, month = {1984}, pages = {75-78}, abstract = {During a stay for three weeks in June 1983 on S{\~a}o Tome Rousettus aegyptiacus subsp. could be detected for the first time, and Myonycteris brachycephala has been found in a second specimen since its description by Bocage (1889). Besides, other mammals could be watched.}, keywords = {Africa, biodiversity, Chiroptera, Eidolon helvum, endemic, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, Gulf of Guinea, habitat preferences, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros commersoni thomensis [H. thomensis], Hipposideros ruber guineensis, island biogeography, Mammalia, morphology, Myonycteris brachycephala, Pteropodidae, Rousettus aegyptiacus ssp. [tomensis], S{\~a}o Tom{\'e}, species richness, systematics, taxonomy}, author = {Feiler, A.} } @article {3541, title = {{\"u}ber Chaerephon pumila (Cretzschmar) in Angola (Mammalia, Chiroptera, Molossidae)}, journal = {Faun. Abh. Mus. Tierkd. Dresden}, volume = {12}, number = {5}, year = {1984}, month = {1984}, pages = {53-54}, abstract = {Some observations concerning distribution, biology, and reproduction as well several body measures of the bat species Chaerephon pumila from Angola are dealt with.}, keywords = {Angola, Chaerephon pumilus, Chiroptera, Molossidae, Mops condylurus, morphometrics, reproduction, Southern Africa}, author = {Feiler, A. and Pires, A. L.} } @article {2990, title = {The use of Doppler-shifted echoes as a flutter detection and clutter rejection system: The echolocation and feeding behavior of Hipposideros ruber (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae)}, journal = {Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol.}, volume = {15}, number = {2}, year = {1984}, month = {1984}, pages = {109-114}, abstract = {Hipposideros ruber use CF/FM echolocation calls to detect the wing flutter of their insect prey. Fluttering prey were detected whether the insects were flying or sitting on a surface, and prey in either situation were captured with equal success (approximately 40\% of capture attempts). Stationary prey were ignored. The bats did not use visual cues or the sounds of wing flutter to locate their prey. Wing flutter detection suggests that H. ruber exploit the Doppler-shifted information in echoes of their echolocation calls. These bats fed primarily upon moths, usually those of between 10 and 25 mm wingchord, although moths of less than 5 mm and greater than 40 mm wingchord were also attacked and captured. They showed no evidence of selecting moths on the basis of species or other taxonomic distinction, and occasionaly captured other insects.}, keywords = {Beuteortung, Beutespektrum, Chiroptera, echolocation, Flederm{\"a}use, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros caffer [Fenton 1986], Southern Africa, Zimbabwe}, author = {Bell, G. P. and Fenton, M. B.} } @article {5481, title = {Zur Kenntnis des Stimmapparates der Epauletten-Flughunde (Epomophorini, Pteropodidae, Megachiroptera)}, journal = {Z. S{\"a}ugetierk.}, volume = {49}, number = {4}, year = {1984}, month = {1984}, pages = {207-220}, abstract = {Courting males of Epomophorus, Epomops and Hypsignathus emit loud calls attracting estrous females. The organs of vocalization of a male Epomophorus labiatus and of a female Epomophorus anurus were studied as well as male and female Epomops buettikoferi and H. monstrosus with special emphasis on the topography of the neck and of the thoracic cavity. Compared to other Megachiroptera the larynx of the 3 genera is enlarged to a quite different degree. Epomophorus is close to the supposed ancestral condition. The larynx is situated in the caudal half of the neck. There is no sexual dimorphism in the size of the larynx. The males of H. monstrosus possess a huge larynx reaching caudally to the diaphragm and nearly filling up the upper and middle mediastinum. The larynx of the females is much smaller reaching only behind the manubrium sterni. Epomops is intermediate between Epomophorus and Hypsignathus. The male{\textquoteright}s larynx is larger than that of Epomophorus and partially situated in the thoracic cavity. In Hypsignathus the larynx enters the thoracic cavity ventrally, but in Epomops dorsally of the heart. To reach the bifurcation the trachea is curved cranio-dorsally in Hypsignathus, but cranio-ventrally in Epomops. The different topography of the thoracic organs demonstrates that the enlargement of the larynx took place independently in the phylogeny of both genera. The extreme enlargement of the larynx in the male H. monstrosus can be regarded as a result of intraspecific selection in correlation with the highly specialized lek mating behavior of this species.}, keywords = {acoustic communication, Africa, animal communication, behaviour, Chiroptera, courtship behaviour, diet, Epomophorus labiatus, Epomops buettikoferi, female choice, Hypsignathus monstrosus, larynx, Mammalia, mating systems, morphology, Pteropodidae, sexual dimorphism, sexual selection}, author = {Zeller, U.} } @article {5025, title = {Zur Leptospirose im S{\"u}dsudan, auf den Kapverdischen Inseln sowie in S{\"u}dkolumbien und in El Salvador}, journal = {Mitt. {\"o}sterr. Ges. Tropenmed. Parasitol.}, volume = {6}, year = {1984}, month = {1984}, pages = {197-201}, abstract = {In the years 1981-1983 the authors investigated serologically for leptospirosis 444 human sera, 195 sera from domestic and 766 from wild living animals from the South Sudan, 310 human sera, 257 from domestic and 7 from wild living animals from Cape Verde Isles and 353 respective by 984 human sera from South Colombia respective from El Salvador. Human sera from the South Sudan were in 15.8\% positive, the sera of domestic animals in 54.9\% (titre 1>400) and the sera of wild living mammals in 10.0\% positive. Human sera from Cape Verde Isles reacted positively in 6.8\%, sera of domestic animals in 13.2\% (in titre 1 >400) and the sera of wild animals were negative. In human sera from South Colombia were found positive reactions in 18.4\%, from El Salvador in 17.5\%. From etiological point of view both in human and in animal humane leptospirosis participated in all four countries under study serovars of a relative great number of serogroups.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Eidolon helvum, Mammalia, Northeast Africa, parasitism, Pteropodidae, Sudan}, author = {{\v S}ebek, Z. and Sixl, W. and Reinthaler, F. and Valova, M.} } @article {5169, title = {The annual migrations of three species of West African fruit bats (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae)}, journal = {Can. J. Zool.}, volume = {61}, number = {10}, year = {1983}, month = {1983}, pages = {2266-2272}, abstract = {The seasonal movements of Eidolon helvum, Myonycteris torquata and Nanonycteris veldkampi were studied over 2-yr in West Africa. During the dry season, E. helvum roosts in at least 1 large colony (~ 500,000 individuals) in the southern forest zone of Ivory Coast. Following the birth of young in Feb., males and females move into the savanna zones, and the progressive establishment and decline of colonies along a south-north axis indicates that E. helvum migrates at least to the Niger River basin by the middle of the wet season (July). During the dry season, M. torquata and N. veldkampi are absent from savanna sites, but are common in the forest zone. With the onset of the rainy season in March, catch rates of both species increase first at a southern Guinea savanna site and subsequently at a savanna site 400 km to the north, indicating that both species migrate at least to the southern Sudanese savanna zone during the wet season. Both sexes of N. veldkampi migrate, but the migration of M. torquata is restricted to the immature male cohorts. The high amplitude of the seasonal fluctuations in fruit abundance at savanna sites probably creates a wet-season surplus of food which results in low intra- and inter-specific competition levels at these sites relative to the forest zone. This may provide the conditions leading to the observed annual migrations.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, competition, diet, dry season, ecology, Eidolon helvum, food distribution, frugivory, Ivory Coast, Mali, migration, Myonycteris torquata, Nahrung, Nanonycteris veldkampii, Pteropodidae, reproduction, West Africa, wet season}, author = {Thomas, D. W.} } @article {3582, title = {Are bats rare in tropical Africa?}, journal = {Biotropica}, volume = {15}, number = {4}, year = {1983}, month = {1983}, pages = {299-303}, keywords = {abundance, Africa, Chiroptera, communities, ecology, Flederm{\"a}use, frugivory, New World, Old World, population density, Pteropodidae}, author = {Findley, J. S. and Wilson, D. E.} } @article {3037, title = {Bat records from Malawi (Mammalia, Chiroptera)}, journal = {Bull. zool. Mus. Univ. Amsterdam}, volume = {9}, number = {13}, year = {1983}, month = {1983}, pages = {117-122}, abstract = {Five species of bats are recorded from Kasungu National Park, Malawi: Eidolon helvum (Kerr, 1792); Epomophorus anurus Heuglin, 1864; E. minor Dobson, 1880; Epomops dobsonii (Bocage, 1889); and Scotoecus hindei Thomas, 1901. Some other Malawian records of these species, based on literature and specimens in collections, were included. Epomophorus anurus, Epomops dobsonii and S. hindei are recorded from Malawi for the 1st time.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Eidolon helvum, Epomophorus anurus [labiatus], Epomophorus minor, Epomops dobsonii, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, Malawi, Mammalia, morphology, Pteropodidae, Scotoecus hindei [hirundo], Southern Africa, systematics, taxonomy, Vespertilionidae, zoogeography}, author = {Bergmans, W. and Jachmann, H.} } @article {4406, title = {Bats, flowers and fruit: Evolutionary relationships in the Old World}, journal = {Biol. J. Linn. Soc.}, volume = {20}, number = {1}, year = {1983}, month = {1983}, pages = {115-135}, abstract = {Old World phytophagous bats (Megachiroptera: Pteropodidae) number 173 species of which 79\% are Asian and 21\% African. Bats arose, presumably monophyletically, in the early Tertiary, the Megachiroptera soon diverging from the Microchiroptera. By the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary the major groups of modern angiosperms were present, some of these probably being pollinated nocturnally by large insects and non-flying mammals and others with seeds dispersed by terrestrial vertebrates. Early bats were perhaps initially attracted to such flowers and fruit by the insects found around them, later finding the plants themselves nutritious. Megabats today feed upon floral resources, fruit and leaves from a total of at least 188 plant genera in 64 families. They may effect both pollination and seed-dispersal, and both bat-flower and bat-fruit syndromes are commonly recognized. Individual species are generally catholic in their feeding, favoured food varying with locality and season. Depending upon roosting habits and season, megabats may travel considerable distances each night to feed and may undertake seasonal migrations. Their feeding in orchards may sometimes require their control, but the future of certain species is more seriously threatened by slaughter for food and particularly by habitat destruction.}, keywords = {Africa, Asia, Chiroptera, diet, ecology, feeding habits, flowers, food distribution, foraging, frugivory, Hangpl{\"a}tze, Nahrung, Nahrungsspektrum, nectarivory, pollination, Pteropodidae, roosting behaviour, seed dispersal, theory}, url = {Marshall 1983.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1983.tb01593.x}, author = {Marshall, A. G.} } @article {2982, title = {Deux chiropt{\`e}res peu connus de Tunisie}, journal = {Mammalia}, volume = {47}, number = {1}, year = {1983}, month = {1983a}, pages = {127-128}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Molossidae, North Africa, Otonycteris hemprichii, Tadarida teniotis, Tunisia, Vespertilionidae}, url = {Beaucournu et al. 1983a.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mamm.1983.47.1.123}, author = {Beaucournu, J.-C. and Bach-Hamba, D. and Launay, H. and Hellal, H. and Chastel, C.} } @book {3751, title = {Evolution in the Family Pteropodidae (Chiroptera: Megachiroptera) as Indicated by Chromosomal and Immunoelectrophoretic Analyses}, year = {1983}, month = {1983}, pages = {viii+93 pp.}, publisher = {Ph.D. Thesis}, organization = {Ph.D. Thesis}, address = {Texas Tech University}, keywords = {Africa, antiserum, Australasia, Cameroon, Chiroptera, chromosomes, Congo (Kinshasa), cytogenetics, Dobsonia moluccensis, Dobsonia praedatrix, Egypt, Epomophorus minor, Epomophorus wahlbergi, Epomops franqueti, evolution, Gabon, Hypsignathus monstrosus, karyotypes, Lissonycteris angolensis, Macroglossus lagochilus, Megaloglossus woermanni, Melonycteris melanops, Micropteropus pusillus, Myonycteris torquata, New Guinea, Nyctimene aello, Nyctimene albiventris [albiventer], Nyctimene major, Nyctimene vizcaccia, Pteropodidae, Pteropus admiralitatum, Pteropus capistratus, Pteropus hypomelanus, Pteropus macrotis, Pteropus neohibernicus, Rhinopoma hardwickii, Rhinopomatidae, Rousettus aegyptiacus, Rousettus amplexicaudatus, Scotonycteris ophiodon, Somalia, South Africa, Syconycteris crassa}, author = {Haiduk, M. W.} } @article {3564, title = {Feeding behaviour of the bats Nycteris grandis and Nycteris thebaica (Nycteridae) in captivity}, journal = {J. Zool. (Lond.)}, volume = {200}, number = {3}, year = {1983}, month = {1983a}, pages = {347-354}, abstract = {The feeding and hunting behaviour of Nycteris grandis and N. thebaica was observed in captivity at the Sengwa Wildlife Research Area in Zimbabwe in January and February 1982. Both species preferentially selected katydids and beetles over moths, and relied heavily on acoustic stimuli emanating from prey to detect targets. Nycteris grandis readily consumed frogs and bats and appeared not to use the calls of male frogs or the echolocation calls of other bats to locate prey. Both species produced echolocation calls during attacks on prey, increasing the rates of pulse repetition as they closed with targets and suggesting the use of echolocation in hunting. The echolocation calls of N. grandis are described along with general observations of the behaviour of both species.}, keywords = {Amphibia, Anura, Aves, behaviour, Beutespektrum, carnivory, Chiroptera, diet, echolocation, ecology, feeding habits, Flederm{\"a}use, foraging, Insecta, Mammalia, Nahrung, Nahrungsspektrum, Nahrungswahl, Nycteridae, Nycteris grandis, Nycteris thebaica, prey selection, Sengwa Wildlife Research Area, Southern Africa, Zimbabwe}, author = {Fenton, M. B. and Gaudet, C. L. and Leonard, M. L.} } @article {3903, title = {Further records of bats from the Central African Republic (Mammalia: Chiroptera)}, journal = {Ann. Carn. Mus.}, volume = {52}, year = {1983}, month = {1983b}, pages = {55-58}, keywords = {Central Africa, Central African Republic, Chaerephon ansorgei, Chiroptera, distribution, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros cyclops, Mammalia, Molossidae, Myonycteris torquata, Nycticeinops schlieffenii, Otomops martiensseni, Pteropodidae, species richness, systematics, taxonomy, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Hill, J. Edwards} } @article {3961, title = {Incubatory behaviour of the bat hawk}, journal = {Ostrich}, volume = {54}, number = {3}, year = {1983}, month = {1983}, pages = {156-160}, abstract = {A bat hawks{\textquoteright}Macheiramphus alcinus nest was watched for six days during November 1981 in Zimbabwe. Both sexes incubated. The male did not feed the female. Two different calls were recorded and their contexts discussed. Although both birds flew off in the same direction every evening, presumably to hunt, no large bat roosts were located in the vicinity of the nest and it appeared that the bat hawks were foraging opportunistically in the surrounding woodland.}, keywords = {Aves, behaviour, Chiroptera, hunting, Macheiramphus alcinus, predation, reproduction, Southern Africa, Zimbabwe}, url = {Hustler 1983.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00306525.1983.9634465}, author = {Hustler, K.} } @article {3759, title = {Nyctalus leisleri (K{\"u}hl, 1818), une esp{\`e}ce nouvelle pour le continent africain}, journal = {Mammalia}, volume = {47}, number = {4}, year = {1983}, month = {1983}, pages = {585-587}, keywords = {Algeria, Chiroptera, Libya, Myotis nattereri, North Africa, Nyctalus lasiopterus, Nyctalus leisleri, Pipistrellus k{\"u}hli [kuhlii], Pipistrellus pipistrellus, Vespertilionidae}, url = {Han{\'a}k \& Gaisler 1983.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mamm.1983.47.4.583}, author = {Han{\'a}k, V. and Gaisler, J.} } @article {4563, title = {Rhinopoma microphyllum asirensis n. subsp. from southwestern Saudi Arabia (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Rhinopomatidae)}, journal = {Senckenbergiana biol.}, volume = {63}, number = {3-4}, year = {1983}, month = {1983c}, pages = {147-152}, abstract = {Rhinopoma microphyllum asirensis n. subsp. is described from the Asir region, SW-Saudi Arabia. It differs from neighbouring conspecific populations by smaller size and in skull characters.}, keywords = {Arabia, Chiroptera, Rhinopoma microphyllum asirensis ssp. nov., Rhinopomatidae, Saudi Arabia}, author = {Nader, I. A. and Kock, D.} } @article {3421, title = {La pollinisation des fleurs de baobab est-elle seulement le fait des m{\^a}les de la rousette paill{\'e}e Eidolon helvum?}, journal = {Rev. {\'e}col. (Terre Vie)}, volume = {38}, number = {2}, year = {1983}, month = {1983}, pages = {229-231}, keywords = {Adansonia digitata, animal-plant interactions, Chiroptera, diet, ecology, Eidolon helvum, flowers, Mammalia, Nahrung, nectarivory, olfactory communication, pheromones, plants, pollination, Pteropodidae, Senegal, West Africa}, author = {Duxoux, E.} } @article {4366, title = {The mammals of the Orange Free State}, journal = {Mem. nas. Mus., Bloemfontein}, volume = {18}, year = {1983}, month = {1983}, pages = {1-218}, keywords = {biodiversity, Chiroptera, distribution, ecology, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, habitat preferences, Mammalia, morphology, Pteropodidae, South Africa, species richness, systematics, taxonomy, Vegetation, Verbreitung, zoogeography}, author = {Lynch, C. D.} } @article {3581, title = {Morphological and dietary structuring of a Zambian insectivorous bat community}, journal = {Ecology}, volume = {64}, number = {4}, year = {1983}, month = {1983}, pages = {625-630}, abstract = {Diet and external morphology of 9 spp. (Cloeotis percivali, Hipposideros caffer, Miniopterus schreibersi, Nycteris thebaica, N. woodi, N. macrotis, Rhinolophus simulator, R. swinnyi and R. blasii) of insectivorous bats from Zambia, East Africa, were compared using multivariate methods. Morphological and dietary resemblance between species were positively correlated; that is, taxa which resembled each other most strongly morphologically were also most similar in dietary intake. The degree of morphological and dietary distinctiveness of a species was positively correlated with its morphological and dietary variability. For example, species which are quite distinct from others in morphology or diet tend also to be quite variable in those 2 attributes. Morphology of the bats was strongly predictive of their diets; most dietary variance was accounted for by morphological variance, and the 1st morphological principal component predicted the presence in the diet of Lepidoptera, beetles and Orthoptera with a high level of significance. These results led to a model of community organization for closely related species in which a relatively large number of specialists with invariant attributes are clustered near the community centroid and a smaller number of distinctive, variable species occupy niches more distant from the centroid.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Cloeotis percivali, communities, diet, ecology, Flederm{\"a}use, foraging, guilds, habitat preferences, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros caffer, Mammalia, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus schreibersi, morphology, Nahrung, Nahrungsspektrum, Nahrungswahl, Nycteridae, Nycteris macrotis, Nycteris thebaica, Nycteris woodi, phenetics, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus blasii, Rhinolophus simulator, Rhinolophus swinnyi, Southern Africa, species richness, sympatric, Zambia}, author = {Findley, J. S. and Black, H. L.} } @article {3416, title = {A new ereynetid nasal mite, Neospeleognathopsis (Speleomyotis) tadaridae sp. n. from Uganda (Acarina: Prostigmata)}, journal = {Folia Parasitologica}, volume = {30}, number = {4}, year = {1983}, month = {1983}, pages = {355-356}, keywords = {Acari, Chaerephon pumilus, Chiroptera, East Africa, ectoparasites, Molossidae, Neospeleognathopsis tadaridae sp. nov., parasitism, Uganda}, author = {Dusb{\'a}bek, F.} } @article {4564, title = {A new slit-faced bat from central Saudi Arabia (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Nycteridae)}, journal = {Senckenbergiana biol.}, volume = {63}, number = {1-2}, year = {1983}, month = {1983a}, pages = {9-15}, abstract = {Nycteris thebaica najdiya n. subsp. is an extremely pale coloured population in central Saudi Arabia, extending species range by 920 km from nearest known localities. Zoogeographical relations are discussed.}, keywords = {Arabia, Chiroptera, Nycteridae, Nycteris thebaica najdiya ssp. nov., Saudi Arabia}, author = {Nader, I. A. and Kock, D.} } @article {4562, title = {Notes on some bats from the Near East (Mammalia: Chiroptera)}, journal = {Z. S{\"a}ugetierk.}, volume = {48}, number = {1}, year = {1983}, month = {1983b}, pages = {1-9}, keywords = {Arabia, Asellia tridens, Chiroptera, Egypt, Eptesicus bottae anatolicus, Eptesicus bottae innesi, Hipposideridae, Iraq, Libya, North Africa, Otonycteris hemprichii, Palestine, Pipistrellus kuhlii, Pipistrellus rueppellii, Plecotus austriacus, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Nader, I. A. and Kock, D.} } @article {2985, title = {Notes sur les Ischnopsyllinae du Continent Africain (Siphonaptera)}, journal = {Rev. Zool. Afr.}, volume = {97}, number = {3}, year = {1983}, month = {1983}, pages = {453-468}, keywords = {[Chaerephon pumilus] Tadarida limbata, [Chaerephon pumilus] Tadarida pumila, [Chaerephon] Tadarida nigeriae, [Mops condylurus] Tadarida condylura, [Mops] Tadarida midas, Africa, Burundi, Central African Republic, checklist, Chiroptera, Coleura gallarum [afra], Congo (Kinshasa), distribution, ectoparasites, Emballonuridae, Guinea Bissau, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros sp., host-parasite relationships, Insecta, Ischnopsyllidae, Madagascar, Molossidae, Mozambique, Myotis bocagei, Nycteridae, Nycteris sp., parasitism, review, Rwanda, Scotophilus nigrita, Siphonaptera, South Africa, Tadarida nanus, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Beaucournu, J.-C. and Fain, A.} } @article {3616, title = {Nouvelles donn{\'e}es sur les Chiropt{\`e}res du nord alg{\'e}rien}, journal = {Mammalia}, volume = {47}, number = {3}, year = {1983}, month = {1983}, pages = {359-369}, abstract = {Myotis nattereri is recorded for the first time in Algeria and for the second time in Africa. Myotis capaccinii and Pipistrellus pipistrellus are rediscovered in the country after a hundred years. Pipistrellus savii is recorded in two Algerian National Parks and in one town, at the elevations ranging from 1050 to 2004 m; data are given on its ecology and behaviour. The other ten species, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, R. hipposideros, R. euryale, R. meheleyi, R. blasii, Myotis blythi, M. emarginatus, Pipistrellus kuhli, Plecotus austriacus and Miniopterus schreibersi, are recorded for new locations. Chiropteran community in a cave on the Mediterranean coast was explored during 11 successive visits. Bats hunting in a town were netted and their activity registered and correlated with some climatic parameters.}, keywords = {[Hypsugo] Pipistrellus savii, Algeria, Chiroptera, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus schreibersii, Myotis blythi [punicus], Myotis capaccinii, Myotis emarginatus, Myotis nattereri, North Africa, Pipistrellus kuhlii, Pipistrellus pipistrellus, Plecotus austriacus [gaisleri], Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus blasii, Rhinolophus euryale, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, Rhinolophus hipposideros, Rhinolophus mehelyi, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Gaisler, J.} } @article {3718, title = {Rodents and bats of Arli and Pendjari National Parks, Upper Volta and Benin}, journal = {Nigerian Field}, volume = {47}, number = {4}, year = {1983}, month = {1983}, pages = {167-184}, keywords = {[Chaerephon pumilus] Tadarida pumila, Burkina Faso, Chiroptera, ecology, Epomophorus gambianus, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, habitat preferences, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros caffer guineensis, Hipposideros caffer tephrus, Lavia frons, Mammalia, Megadermatidae, Micropteropus pusillus, Molossidae, morphology, Myotis bocagei, Nycteridae, Nycteris hispida, Nycteris thebaica, Pteropodidae, Rodentia, species richness, systematics, taxonomy, Vegetation, Vespertilionidae, West Africa}, author = {Green, A. A.} } @article {3546, title = {Roosts used by the African bat, Scotophilus leucogaster (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)}, journal = {Biotropica}, volume = {15}, number = {2}, year = {1983}, month = {1983}, pages = {129-132}, abstract = {The roosts of S. leucogaster were located by radio-tracking in Mopani woodland in the Sengwa Wildlife Research Area in Zimbabwe between Jan. 14 and Feb. 12, 1982. Bats changed roost trees from 1 day to the next, usually staying within relatively small areas of woodland. Bats frequently moved between night and day roosts. This behavior made it impossible to predict the location of bats from 1 day to the next.}, keywords = {behaviour, Chiroptera, day roosts, ecology, Flederm{\"a}use, foraging, habitat preferences, Mammalia, radio-tracking, roosting behaviour, Scotophilus leucogaster, Sengwa Wildlife Research Area, Southern Africa, telemetry, Vespertilionidae, Zimbabwe}, author = {Fenton, M. B.} } @article {3766, title = {The sooty falcon in Southern Africa and first record for Malawi}, journal = {Ostrich}, volume = {54}, number = {4}, year = {1983}, month = {1983}, pages = {242-243}, keywords = {Aves, Chiroptera, Falco concolor, Falconidae, Malawi, predation, Southern Africa}, url = {Hanmer \& Blackwood 1983.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00306525.1983.9634477}, author = {Hanmer, D. B. and Blackwood, J. G. V.} } @article {3939, title = {The taxonomy, reproductive biology and economic potential of Parkia (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae) in Africa and Madagascar}, journal = {Bot. J. Linn. Soc.}, volume = {87}, number = {2}, year = {1983}, month = {1983}, pages = {135-167}, abstract = {Three species of the pantropical woody genus Parkia are recognized from continental Africa (including S{\~a}o Tom{\'e}): P. biglobosa, P. bicolor and P. filicoidea. A fourth species, P. madagascariensis, is confined to Madagascar. All have capitula of similar structure although details of shape vary. Relatives sharing this capitulum structure occur in the Far East and the Neotropics. Patterns of infraspecific variation are described for the mainland species. Parkia biglobosa shows clinal variation in several leaf characters and P. clappertoniana must be regarded as synonymous. Parkia bicolor shows geographical variation especially in capitulum shape and pod width, and P. filicoidea varies geographically in its pod morphology. The red, balllike capitula are pollinated by bats; other visitors include birds, insects and non-flying mammals. In P. biglobosa a proportion of the capitula is functionally male. The pods of the African species contain mealy pulp. Dispersal involves mammals, especially primates, and birds. Information on uses, chemical composition of the seeds and insect pests is summarized.}, keywords = {Africa, animal-plant interactions, biogeography, Chiroptera, distribution, ecology, evolution, flowers, habitat preferences, Mammalia, morphology, nectarivory, Parkia bicolor, Parkia biglobosa, Parkia filicoidea, plants, pollination, Pteropodidae, systematics, taxonomy}, author = {Hopkins, H. C. F.} } @article {5096, title = {Wahlberg{\textquoteright}s eagle catching bats in Malawi}, journal = {Ostrich}, volume = {54}, number = {1}, year = {1983}, month = {1983}, pages = {25}, keywords = {Accipitridae, Aves, Chiroptera, Hieraaetus wahlbergi, Malawi, predation, prey, Southern Africa}, author = {Stephens, W. and Blackwood, J. G. V.} } @book {4456, title = {Adaptive Responses to Seasonality in Four Species of Microchiroptera in Coastal Kenya}, year = {1982}, month = {1982}, pages = {290}, publisher = {Ph.D. Thesis}, organization = {Ph.D. Thesis}, address = {University of Aberdeen}, keywords = {caves, Chiroptera, climate, day roosts, East Africa, ecology, Emballonuridae, food abundance, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros commersoni [vittatus], Hipposideros gigas, Kenya, mating systems, migration, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus minor, reproduction, resources, roosting, sex ratio, Taphozous hildegardeae}, author = {McWilliam, A. N.} } @article {4776, title = {The bat fauna of Jabal Al Akhdar, northeast Libya}, journal = {Ann. Carn. Mus.}, volume = {51}, number = {19}, year = {1982}, month = {1982}, pages = {377-389}, abstract = {Fifty nine specimens of bats representing eight species in three families are reported from the region of Jabal Al Akhdar in northeastern Libya. Nyctalus lasiopterus is reported for the first time from Africa, while Pipistrellus pipistrellus, Miniopterus schreibersii and Tadarida teniotis are new additions to the fauna of Libya. Rhinolophus clivosus, R. mehelyi, Pipistrellus kuhlii and Plecotus austriacus are additional distributional records from Libya. Taxonomic comments are given. Although distinctive, the bat fauna of Jabal Al Akhdar is considered of Mediterranean origin and includes taxa seemingly closely associated with those from south-central Europe rather than the Eastern Mediterranean and Maghreb regions.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, distribution, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, Libya, Mammalia, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus schreibersii, Molossidae, morphology, North Africa, Nyctalus lasiopterus, Pipistrellus kuhlii, Pipistrellus pipistrellus, Plecotus austriacus, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus clivosus, Rhinolophus mehelyi, species richness, systematics, Tadarida teniotis, taxonomy, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Qumsiyeh, M. B. and Schlitter, D. A.} } @article {3765, title = {A bat-eating kestrel}, journal = {Ostrich}, volume = {53}, number = {3}, year = {1982}, month = {1982}, pages = {188-189}, keywords = {Aves, Chiroptera, Falco dickinsoni, Falconidae, Malawi, predation, Southern Africa}, url = {Hanmer \& Blackwood 1982.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00306525.1982.9634752}, author = {Hanmer, D. B. and Blackwood, J. G. V.} } @article {4994, title = {Bats of the Central African Republic (Mammalia: Chiroptera)}, journal = {Ann. Carn. Mus.}, volume = {51}, number = {8}, year = {1982}, month = {1982}, pages = {133-155}, abstract = {The bats of the Central African Republic are reviewed. The occurrence of 45 spp. is documented. Locality, habitat, reproductive data and other natural history information are given. Taxonomic notes are discussed where necessary and selected measurements are listed for the species. Nineteen species are reported for the 1st time for the Central African Republic (Rousettus angolensis, Taphozous perforatus, Nycteris arge, Rhinolophus fumigatus, R. landeri, Hipposideros abae, H. beatus, H. commersoni, Eptesicus tenuipinnis, Mimetillus moloneyi, Myotis bocagei cupreolus, Pipistrellus rusticus marrensis, Scotoecus hirundo, Scotophilus dinganii, S. nigritellus, Tadarida leonis, T. nigeriae, T. spurrelli and T. thersites).}, keywords = {[Chaerephon] Tadarida nigeriae, [Lissonycteris] Rousettus angolensis, [Mops] Tadarida leonis, [Mops] Tadarida spurrelli, [Mops] Tadarida thersites, [Neoromicia] Eptesicus tenuipinnis, biodiversity, Central Africa, Central African Republic, Chiroptera, distribution, ecology, Emballonuridae, Faunistik, first record, Flederm{\"a}use, habitat preferences, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros abae, Hipposideros beatus [= H. caffer?], Hipposideros commersoni [gigas-vittatus], Mammalia, Mimetillus moloneyi, Molossidae, morphology, Myotis bocagei cupreolus [bocagii cupreola], Nycteridae, Nycteris arge, Pipistrellus rusticus marrensis, Pteropodidae, reproduction, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus fumigatus, Rhinolophus landeri, Scotoecus hirundo, Scotophilus dinganii, Scotophilus nigritellus, species richness, systematics, Taphozous perforatus, taxonomy, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Schlitter, D. A. and Robbins, L. W. and Buchanan, S. A.} } @article {4872, title = {The binding of staphylococcal protein A by the sera of different animal species}, journal = {Journal of Immunology}, volume = {128}, number = {5}, year = {1982}, note = {See Breman et al. 1999}, month = {1982}, pages = {2300-2305}, abstract = {The capacity of purified immunoglobulin or serum to bind (125I)-labeled staphylococcal protein A (SPA) was measured by means of an immunofiltration assay that facilitated the examination of large numbers of sera and required only a minute quantity of each. Sera from 80 species, including humans, laboratory animals, domestic animals, and a variety of African mammals were examined. A wide interspecies variation in the SPA-binding capacity of serum immunoglobulins was confirmed. Only small variations were observed among individuals within the same species with one notable exception. A greater than 10,000-fold variation in SPA-binding capacity was observed among sera from nine goats. Interspecies differences in serum SPA-binding capacity correlated well with taxonomic differences, and the serum SPA-binding capacity correlated well with taxonomic differences, and the serum SPA- binding capacities of African mammals corresponded closely to those of their more common relatives. The sensitivity of antibody detection by indirect (125I)SPA immunoassay was shown to be determined mostly by the SPA-binding capacity of the serum examined. The titer of antibody to influenza A/Texas/1/77(H3N2) virus in sera from several different species, when measured by (125I)SPA immunofiltration assay, was directly proportional to the SPA-binding capacity of the serum and was not proportional to the hemagglutination inhibition titer. An (125I)SPA immunofiltration assay for antibody to Lassa virus in the serum of Mastomys natalensis (which binds SPA only one-thousandth as well as human serum) was at least as sensitive as the standard fluorescent antibody assay.}, keywords = {Central Africa, Chiroptera, Congo (Kinshasa), immunology, Mammalia}, url = {Richman et al. 1982.pdf http://jimmunol.org/content/128/5/2300.abstract}, author = {Richman, D. D. and Cleveland, P. H. and Oxman, M. N. and Johnson, K. M.} } @article {3384, title = {D{\'e}couverte de Taphozous nudiventris dans l{\textquoteright}A{\"{\i}r (Chiropt{\`e}res)}, journal = {Mammalia}, volume = {46}, number = {3}, year = {1982}, month = {1982}, pages = {407-408}, keywords = {A{\"{\i}r Mountains, Chiroptera, Emballonuridae, Niger, Taphozous nudiventris, West Africa}, url = {Dorst 1982.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mamm.1982.46.3.395}, author = {Dorst, J.} } @article {3873, title = {Dental ontogeny in the Old World leaf-nosed bats (Rhinolophidae, Hipposiderinae)}, journal = {J. Mamm.}, volume = {63}, number = {3}, year = {1982}, month = {1982}, pages = {527-529}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, deciduous dentition, development, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros ruber, Nycteridae, Nycteris thebaica, teeth, Triaenops persicus [afer]}, author = {Hermanson, J. W. and Woods, C. A. and Howell, K. M.} } @article {3605, title = {Echolocation assemblages and their effects on moth auditory systems}, journal = {Can. J. Zool.}, volume = {60}, number = {11}, year = {1982}, month = {1982}, pages = {2572-2576}, abstract = {The auditory characteristics were analysed of a variety of tympanate Lepidoptera from areas representing low and high levels of bat (=echolocation signal) diversity. Moths sampled in sites in Zimbabwe and Ivory Coast (high diversity) revealed significantly higher sensitivities than those from Ontario (low diversity). These sensitivities were particularly pronounced at both low frequency (5-25 kHz) and high frequency (80-110 kHz). It is suggested that these auditory differences are due to the corresponding increased sensory requirements of tropical moths having to cope with a greater density and diversity of bats (predation pressure) there.}, keywords = {Africa, allotonic frequency hypothesis, auditory sensitivity, Canada, Chiroptera, C{\^o}te d{\textquoteright}Ivoire, echolocation, hearing, Insecta, Ivory Coast, Lepidoptera, North America, predation pressure, predator avoidance, sensory ecology, sound, Zimbabwe}, author = {Fullard, J. H.} } @article {5457, title = {Ecological and behavioural studies of the Megachiroptera at Mount Nimba, Liberia, with notes on Microchiroptera}, journal = {Mammalia}, volume = {46}, number = {4}, year = {1982}, month = {1982}, pages = {419-448}, abstract = {A study of the Megachiroptera of Liberian Mount Nimba was made between July and September 1978. Fruit bats (1007) of 9 spp. (Myonycteris torquata leptodon, Nanonycteris veldkampii, Lissonycteris angolensis smithi, Rousettus aegyptiacus unicolor, Epomops buettikoferi, Scotonycteris zenkeri occidentalis, Scotonycteris ophiodon, Hypsignathus monstrosus and Eidolon helvum) were captured, almost exclusively with mist nets. A wide range of habitats and altitudes was sampled. Information on Megachiroptera is now available for nearly the whole year at Mount Nimba; much of this information is presented and analyzed here. Breeding and habitat information has been assembled and discussed for each species. Attention has been given to bat movements; N. veldkampi is a migrant to Nimba. Many bats were marked and released, but for a variety of possible reasons the recapture rate was very low. Methods by which resources may be partitioned among species are discussed. Six species were kept in the laboratory to allow observations on food handling and settling behavior, nightly food consumption and through-put times, and temporal patterns of activity to be made. Agreement between laboratory and field investigations of activity patterns is good for several species. Particular attention was paid to the behavior of the rare S. ophiodon. In addition, 280 Microchiroptera of 16 spp. were caught. Of these, 6 are new to Liberia (Rhinolophus clivosus, Scotophilus dinganii, Miniopterus inflatus, Pipistrellus nanulus, P. kuhli, and P. rusticus). Short notes have been made for each. Taxonomic notes for species of particular interest are provided by Hill (1982).}, keywords = {[Chaerephon] Tadarida (Chaerephon) major, [Neoromicia nana] Pipistrellus nanus, activity patterns, behaviour, Chiroptera, competition, day roosts, diet, ecology, ectoparasites, Eidolon helvum, energetics, Epomops buettikoferi, Faunistik, feeding habits, Flederm{\"a}use, food distribution, foraging, frugivory, habitat preferences, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros commersoni gigas, Hipposideros cyclops, Hipposideros marisae, Hipposideros ruber guineensis, Hypsignathus monstrosus, Liberia, Lissonycteris angolensis smithii, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus inflatus, Molossidae, Myonycteris torquata leptodon, Nahrung, Nahrungsspektrum, Nahrungswahl, Nanonycteris veldkampii, niche overlap, Nycteridae, Nycteris arge, Nycteris grandis, Nycteris macrotis, parasitism, Pipistrellus kuhli [hesperidus], Pipistrellus nanulus, Pipistrellus rusticus, Pteropodidae, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus clivosus [R. hillorum], roosting behaviour, Rousettus aegyptiacus unicolor, Scotonycteris ophiodon, Scotonycteris zenkeri occidentalis, Scotophilus dinganii [nux], Vespertilionidae, West Africa, zoogeography}, url = {Wolton et al. 1982.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mamm.1982.46.4.419}, author = {Wolton, R. J. and Arak, P. A. and Godfray, H. C. J. and Wilson, R. P.} } @article {4408, title = {Ecological observations on epomophorine fruit-bats (Megachiroptera) in West African savanna woodland}, journal = {J. Zool. (Lond.)}, volume = {198}, number = {1}, year = {1982}, month = {1982}, pages = {53-67}, abstract = {Three species of Megachiroptera were studied in Mole National Park, Ghana, by systematic netting in various habitats and by observations of bats in the field and in captivity. This study, undertaken in July-August 1974 and 1975, is a preliminary attempt to elucidate how these species partition the resources available to them, with particular emphasis upon roosting habits, food resources, and temporal and spatial differences in foraging behaviour. All three species give birth towards the beginning of the wet season and are probably polyoestrus. The larger species, Epomophorus gambianus, does not appear to compete with the other two due to differences in roosting habits and the food resources available to it consequent upon its larger size. The two smaller species, Micropteropus pusillus and Nanonycteris veldkampi, are similar in size. N. veldkampi is presumed absent from Mole in the dry season when food is scarce; in the wet season it may minimise competition by being better adapted for nectarivory, foraging later, and foraging at a greater height than M. pusillus.}, keywords = {activity patterns, Chiroptera, competition, competitive exclusion, diet, ecology, Epomophorus gambianus, feeding habits, flowers, foraging, frugivory, Ghana, habitat preferences, Micropteropus pusillus, Nahrung, Nahrungsspektrum, Nahrungswahl, Nanonycteris veldkampii, nectarivory, niche overlap, Pteropodidae, West Africa}, author = {Marshall, A. G. and McWilliam, A. N.} } @book {5168, title = {The Ecology of an African Savanna Fruit Bat Community: Resource Partitioning and Role in Seed Dispersal}, year = {1982}, month = {1982}, pages = {vii + 206 pp.}, publisher = {Ph.D. Thesis}, organization = {Ph.D. Thesis}, address = {University of Aberdeen}, keywords = {activity patterns, animal-plant interactions, behaviour, Chiroptera, competition, competitive exclusion, diet, dry season, ecology, Eidolon helvum, energetics, Epomops buettikoferi, Faunistik, food distribution, foraging, frugivory, habitat preferences, Hangpl{\"a}tze, Hypsignathus monstrosus, Ivory Coast, Lamto, Lissonycteris angolensis, Mali, Mammalia, metabolism, Micropteropus pusillus, migration, Myonycteris torquata, Nahrung, Nahrungsspektrum, Nahrungswahl, Nanonycteris veldkampii, niche overlap, physiology, Pteropodidae, reproduction, roosting behaviour, seasonality, seed dispersal, species richness, sympatric, Vegetation, West Africa, wet season}, author = {Thomas, D. W.} } @article {2956, title = {Estimation of the fruit bat population in the Kampala Bat Valley, Uganda}, journal = {Afr. J. Ecol.}, volume = {20}, number = {4}, year = {1982}, month = {1982}, pages = {223-229}, abstract = {A population estimate of fruit bats was carried out in the Kampala Bat Valley roost. The model used was a single-stage systematic sampling of unequal primary units (trees). The trees were first listed in a {\textquoteleft}serpentine manner{\textquoteright} with neighbouring trees having contiguous serial numbers. After a random start, every seventeenth tree was selected so that a sample of fourteen out of a total of 238 trees were counted. The exercise was carried out over 3 months, January, February and March, in 1979.Information was gathered on the number of branches with bats, the number of bat clusters and cluster size. From the analysis of the data, the following monthly averages were obtained: total number of bats in the colony = 70,388; average number of bats on each tree = 310; average number of clusters per branch=4; average cluster size = 7.8. Measures of reliability of the estimates were made. The implications of these results and the conservation of the habitat are adjusted.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, colony size, day roosts, East Africa, Eidolon helvum, population estimation, Pteropodidae, roosting, Uganda}, url = {Baranga \& Kiregyera 1982.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2028.1982.tb00297.x}, author = {Baranga, J. and Kiregyera, B.} } @article {3327, title = {Ethiopian mammals in the Hungarian Natural History Museum}, journal = {Annls. hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung.}, volume = {74}, year = {1982}, month = {1982}, pages = {331-349}, abstract = {A collection of 418 specimens belonging to 78 species of Ethiopian mammals is deposited in the Hungarian Natural History Museum. These are identified and notes on taxonomical aspects, distribution and field observations are included. A number of collecting localities are additional to the already known distributions of the species. Myotis bocagei is recorded for the first time for the country, and the second full specimen available for a rare genus, Megadendromus, is reported.}, keywords = {[Chaerephon pumilus] Tadarida pumila, [Neoromicia nana] Pipistrellus nanus, Artiodactyla, Cardioderma cor, Carnivora, Chiroptera, Emballonuridae, Ethiopia, Hyracoidea, Lagomorpha, Lavia frons affinis, Mammalia, Megadermatidae, Molossidae, Myotis bocagei, Northeast Africa, Primates, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus fumigatus, Rhinopoma muscatellum, Rhinopomatidae, Rodentia, Soricidae, Taphozous perforatus haedinus, Tubilidentata, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Demeter, A. and Top{\'a}l, G.} } @article {3058, title = {Female reproduction and the female reproductive cycle of Hipposideros caffer caffer (Sundevall, 1846) in Natal, South Africa}, journal = {Ann. Transv. Mus.}, volume = {33}, number = {8}, year = {1982}, month = {1982}, pages = {131-144}, abstract = {Female reproduction and the female reproductive cycle of Hipposideros caffer from three disused mines in Natal (c. 29{\textdegree}S) are described.The uterus of H. caffer was bicornuate with sinistral structural and functional asymmetry. The corpus uteri and caudal ends of the uterine horns differed from the general mammalian pattern, being lined by stratified epithelium. Growth, development and atresia of ovarian follicles were typically mammalian. The corpus luteum of H. caffer, which was extruded from the ovary, disappeared within one month of ovulation.H. caffer was monoestrous and monotocous. Follicular development began in February, with copulation and ovulation occurring in late April (early winter). The gestation period was estimated to have been approximately 220 days of which the period of the zygote accounted for 21 days or 9.5 per cent, the period of the embryo 123 days or 55.9 per cent and the period of the foetus 76 days or 34,5 per cent. Development from fertilization to implantation was normal but embryonic development was retarded during winter. Parturition occurred in early December and was followed by a period of lactation/anoestrus during December and January.The oestrous cycle, including pregnancy, was characterised by a relatively long pregnancy stage and the absence of a separate period of anoestrus. H. caffer did not hibernate throughout the winter period but entered short periods of torpor during particularly cold spells. Results from the present study support the trend seen in the genus Hipposideros and other microchiropteran genera of increasing gestation length with increasing latitude.}, keywords = {anatomy, Chiroptera, copulation, development, gestation period, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros caffer, histology, lactation, ovulation, parturition, reproduction, South Africa, torpor}, author = {Bernard, R. T. F. and Meester, J. A. J.} } @article {4832, title = {First records of occurrence for two species of bats in the Kruger National Park}, journal = {Koedoe}, volume = {25}, number = {1}, year = {1982}, month = {1982}, pages = {111-112}, keywords = {Chiroptera, distribution, Eptesicus hottentotus, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus swinnyi, South Africa, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Rautenbach, I. L. and Espie, I. W.} } @article {4307, title = {Hipposideridae (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from the Mediterranean middle and late Neogene, and the evolution of the genera Hipposideros and Asellia}, journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology}, volume = {2}, number = {3}, year = {1982}, month = {1982b}, pages = {372-385}, abstract = {New fossils from the Burdigalian locality of Port-la-Nouvelle (southern France) add to our knowledge of the Hipposideridae. Four species of this family are represented, including a new species of the subgenus (Brachipposideros Sige (Hipposideros aguilari sp. nov.)), H. vetus (Lavocat) from Beni Mellal (Miocene of Morocco) and H. cf. vetus from Sete (late Pliocene of France), formerly attributed to Asellia, are placed in the subgenus Syndesmotis Peters, which includes the Recent East African species H. (S.) megalotis. The following genera and subgenera are recognized in this study: genus Hipposideros including the subgenera Hipposideros, Brachipposideros, Syndesmotis and Pseudorhinolopus, and the genus Asellia. Anatomy of teeth and jaws suggests new phyletic interpretations: Pseudorhinolophus could be ancestral to Asellia, and Brachipposideros to Syndesmotis; Pseudorhinolophus and Brachipposideros may both be represented in the Recent fauna by large and small Hipposideros, respectively; Brachipposideros is unlikely to have originated from Pseudorhinolophus, and neither of these genera can be derived from the Paleogene European genus Palaeophyllophora Revilliod.}, keywords = {Africa, biogeography, Chiroptera, distribution, Djibouti, Europe, evolution, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, fossils, France, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros aguilari sp. nov., Hipposideros megalotis, Mammalia, Morocco, morphology, palaeontology, phylogeny, speciation, species description, systematics, taxonomy, Verbreitung, zoogeography}, url = {Legendre 1982b.pdf http://www.jstor.org/stable/4522906}, author = {Legendre, S.} } @article {5332, title = {Histological study of implantation in the Natal clinging bat (Miniopterus schreibersii natalensis)}, journal = {J. Reprod. Fert.}, volume = {65}, number = {2}, year = {1982}, month = {1982}, pages = {319-323}, abstract = {In the Natal clinging bat, Miniopterus schreibersii natalensis, implantation is centric and superficial in the right uterine horn. The blastocyst implants during the bilaminar stage with the inner cell mass orientated antimesometrially. During the preimplantation period the blastocyst becomes completely enclosed by uterine mucosae with the trophoblast in close contact with the surrounding uterine epithelium. Just before implantation the trophoblast becomes bilaminar over the greater part of the embryonic hemisphere of the blastocyst. The uterine epithelium is very persistent and parts were still present mesometrially although penetration of the uterine endometrium had already occurred on the antimesometrial side.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, development, histology, implantation, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus natalensis, reproduction, South Africa, uterus}, author = {van der Merwe, M.} } @article {5391, title = {Hope for Liberia}, journal = {Oryx}, volume = {16}, number = {5}, year = {1982}, month = {1982}, pages = {421-427}, abstract = {Until recently Liberia has lagged far behind the rest of Africa in conservation, with no national parks, no hunting regulations, and widespread forest destruction. But the creation in 1976 of a Forest Development Authority with a dynamic staff offers real hope for the future. The author, widely known for his conservation work, especially in Zaire, spent four months on a WWF/IUCN survey in 1978-79; he describes what he found and the proposals he made to the Liberian authorities.}, keywords = {bushmeat, Chiroptera, conservation, Eidolon helvum, Epomops buettikoferi, hunting, Liberia, Mammalia, mining, Mount Nimba, Myonycteris torquata, protected areas, Pteropodidae, rainforests, West Africa}, url = {Verschuren 1982.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S003060530001807X}, author = {Verschuren, J.} } @article {2984, title = {Allopsylla hetera gen. n., sp. n. (Siphonaptera: Ischnopsyllidae) d{\textquoteright}Afrique Centra1e}, journal = {Rev. Zool. Afr.}, volume = {96}, number = {3}, year = {1982}, month = {1982}, pages = {559-569}, abstract = {Allopsylla hetera gen. n., sp. n. (Siph., Ischnopsyllidae) est d{\'e}crit d{\textquoteright}apr{\`e}s 1 m{\^a}le et 1 femelle en provenance du Sud-Ouest du Za{\"{\i}re. Ce genre est apparent{\'e} {\`a} Lagaropsylla et, moins {\'e}troitement, {\`a} Araeopsylla. Lagaropsylla alloides Smit 1977, du Nigeria, est consid{\'e}r{\'e} comme appartenant {\`a} ce genre.}, keywords = {Allopsylla alloides stat. nov., Allopsylla hetera gen. \& sp. nov., Central Africa, Chiroptera, Congo (Kinshasa), ectoparasites, Insecta, Ischnopsyllidae, Lagaropsylla obliqua, Molossidae, Myopterus whitleyi, parasitism, Siphonaptera}, author = {Beaucournu, J.-C. and Fain, A.} } @article {3965, title = {Kleins{\"a}uger aus dem Hochland von Adamaoua, Kamerun}, journal = {Bonn. zool. Beitr.}, volume = {33}, number = {2-4}, year = {1982}, month = {1982}, pages = {119-132}, abstract = {Species (35) of small mammals are recorded from the Adamaoua highlands of Cameroun. Six represent first records from Cameroun: Suncus infinitesimus, Crocidura boydi, C. roosevelti, Eptesicus guineensis, Aethomys hindei and Uranomys ruddi. C. attila and A. stannarius are raised to specific rank, and the characters of A. stannarius and A. hindei are described. A considerable number of mammals of the Cameroun mountains are East African species and endemics.}, keywords = {[Neoromicia] Eptesicus capensis, [Neoromicia] Eptesicus guineensis, Aethomys hindei, biodiversity, Cameroon, Carnivora, Central Africa, Chiroptera, Crocidura attila, Crocidura boydi, Crocidura denti, Crocidura dolichura, Crocidura flavescens bueae, Crocidura gracilipes, Crocidura manengubae, Crocidura roosevelti, Crocidura turba, Dasymys incomptus, distribution, ecology, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros commersoni gigas, Hipposideros ruber guineensis, Lagomorpha, Lemniscomys striatus, Leporidae, Lepus whytei, Lissonycteris angolensis, Lophuromys sikapusi, Mammalia, Mastomys huberti, Micropteropus pusillus, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus schreibersi villiersi, morphology, Muridae, Mus musculoides, Mus setulosus, Myonycteris torquata, Oenomys hypoxanthus, Pipistrellus nanulus, Praomys jacksoni, Pteropodidae, Rodentia, Scotoecus hirundo hirundo, Scotophilus viridis nigritellus, Soricidae, Soricomorpha, species richness, Suncus infinitesimus, Sylvisorex megalura, sympatric, systematics, taxonomy, Thryonomyidae, Thryonomys swinderianus, Uranomys ruddi, Verbreitung, Vespertilionidae, Viverra civetta, Viverridae, zoogeography}, author = {Hutterer, R. and Joger, U.} } @book {4827, title = {Mammals of the Transvaal}, year = {1982}, month = {1982}, pages = {211}, publisher = {Ecoplan Monograph, N{\textdegree} 1, Ecoplan}, organization = {Ecoplan Monograph, N{\textdegree} 1, Ecoplan}, address = {Pretoria}, keywords = {[Chaerephon pumilus] Tadarida pumila, [Glauconycteris variegata] Chalinolobus variegata, [Mops condylurus] Tadarida condylura, [Mops] Tadarida midas, [Neoromicia nana] Pipistrellus nanus, [Neoromicia] Eptesicus capensis, [Neoromicia] Eptesicus zuluensis, [Nycticeinops] Nycticeius schlieffenii australis, behaviour, Chiroptera, Cloeotis percivali australis, distribution, ecology, Eidolon helvum, Emballonuridae, Epomophorus crypturus, Epomophorus wahlbergi, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros caffer, identification key, Kerivoula argentata zuluensis, Kerivoula lanosa lucia, Mammalia, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus fraterculus, Miniopterus schreibersi natalensis, Molossidae, Myotis bocagii, Myotis tricolor, Myotis welwitschii, Nycteridae, Nycteris thebaica capensis, Pipistrellus kuhli broomi [hesperidusi], Pipistrellus rusticus, Pteropodidae, reproduction, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus blasii empusa, Rhinolophus clivosus augur, Rhinolophus clivosus zuluensis, Rhinolophus darlingi, Rhinolophus fumigatus, Rhinolophus hildebrandtii, Rhinolophus landeri lobatus, Rhinolophus simulator, Rousettus aegyptiacus leachi [leachii], Sauromys petrophilus, Scotophilus dinganii, Scotophilus viridis, South Africa, Tadarida aegyptiaca, Tadarida ventralis, Taphozous mauritianus, Taphozous perforatus, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Rautenbach, I. L.} } @article {2915, title = {The micromammalian fauna from Border Cave, Kwazulu, South Africa}, journal = {Journal of Archaeological Science}, volume = {9}, number = {2}, year = {1982}, month = {1982}, pages = {187-204}, abstract = {The micromammalian fauna from Border Cave is analysed in terms of community composition and structure. Changes in these aspects are interpreted as indicative of changes in vegetation and climate in the vicinity of the cave during the period of deposition. It would appear that vegetation comprised relatively extensive forest or thick bush and dense grass during wetter phases and fairly open savanna woodland, even open grassland, during drier periods. Variation through time in mean mandibular size in two species of Crocidura (musk shrew) was different both in the two species and from what was expected. It now seems likely that the size change constitutes a response to complex phenomena and not simply to changes in temperature. Comparison with the Boomplaas A sequence indicates that the same general pattern of change is reflected at both sites but that there was a greater amplitude of change at Boomplaas A and that 18O stage 4 was dry at this site but wet at Border Cave. Evidence for periodic changes in the distribution of various species, and in some cases the mutually exclusive occurrence of ecologically equivalent species, has implications for the zoogeography of the species involved. In particular, the occurrence of Pelomys fallax (creek rat) in the lower half of the sequence is of interest in view of its present distribution 600 + km north of Border Cave.}, keywords = {[Neoromicia] Eptesicus capensis, Chiroptera, climate, Eptesicus cf. hottehtotus [sic, fossils, hottentotus], Mammalia, Myotis tricolor, Nycteridae, Nycteris thebaica, palaeontology, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus cf. clivosus, Scotophilus nigrita [dinganii?], South Africa, Vegetation, Vespertilionidae, zoogeography}, url = {Avery 1982.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-4403(82)90049-8}, author = {Avery, D. M.} } @article {3042, title = {Monthly changes in the female reproductive organs and the reproductive cycle of Myotis tricolor (Vespertilionidae: Chiroptera)}, journal = {S. Afr. J. Zool.}, volume = {17}, number = {2}, year = {1982}, month = {1982}, pages = {79-84}, abstract = {Myotis tricolor was monoestrous and monotocous. The oestrous cycle was characterized by a prolonged period of oestrus between mid-April and mid-September and a short period of anoestrus between the termination of lactation and the onset of pro-oestrus. The female reproductive cycle was characterized by copulation in mid-April and ovulation and fertilization in mid-September. The gestation period was estimated to have been 63 days and parturition occurred between mid-November and mid-December. Parturition was followed by a six-week period of lactation. It is assumed that between mid-April and mid-September the female stored spermatozoa in the uterine horns, a reproductive strategy previously reported for north-temperate members of this genus.}, keywords = {behaviour, Chiroptera, copulation, delayed fertilization, ecology, Flederm{\"a}use, gestation, Mammalia, mating systems, monoestry, Myotis tricolor, ovulation, reproduction, reproductive cycle, South Africa, sperm storage, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Bernard, R. T. F.} } @article {4388, title = {A morphometric analysis of the lung of a species of bat}, journal = {Respiration Physiology}, volume = {50}, number = {1}, year = {1982}, month = {1982}, pages = {1-11}, abstract = {The lungs of five adult epauleted fruit-bats (Epomophorus wahlbergi) of mean body weight 96 g were analysed morphometrically. The lung volume per unit body weight was 0.043 cm3/g, the surface area of the tissue barrier (i.e., the effective alveolar surface area) component of the blood-gas pathway per unit body weight was 138 cm2/g, and the surface density of the tissue barrier (surface area of the tissue barrier per unit volume of parenchyma) was 121 mm2/mm3. The harmonic mean thickness of the tissue barrier was between 0.267 and 0.349 {\textmu}m. The morphometric pulmonary diffusing capacity per unit body weight (DlO2/W) was 0.02 ml O2 per min per mm Hg per g. These values are compared with those of shrews and birds.It is suggested that in bats enlargement of the lungs, small subdivisions of the air spaces, and a thin blood-gas barrier, could be linked with previously reported circulatory adaptations to account for the high oxygen consumption during flight.}, keywords = {Aves, Chiroptera, East Africa, Epomophorus wahlbergi, flight, Kenya, lungs, morphometrics, physiology, Pteropodidae, pulmonary diffusing capacity}, url = {Maina et al. 1982.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0034-5687(82)90002-0}, author = {Maina, J. N. and King, A. S. and King, D. Z.} } @article {4224, title = {Nektar-Lecken beim afrikanischen Langzungen-Flughund Megaloglossus woermanni Pagenstecher, 1885}, journal = {Bonn. zool. Beitr.}, volume = {33}, number = {2-4}, year = {1982}, month = {1982}, pages = {151-164}, abstract = {The dorsal surface of the tongue of M. woermanni, the African long-tongued fruitbat, is highly adapted to nectar-drinking. The anterior tip of the tongue is covered by rows of hair-like papillae which project posteriorly. The filiform papillae are 0.7 mm in length and 0.2 mm in width (at their base). They become shorter at the lateral surface of the tongue. The many filiform papillae not only occupy a large area on the tip of the tongue, the very short distances between them (0.2 mm) cause a felt-like structure in which the nectar is caught. These anatomical structures are generally similar to the surface of the tongue of the New World nectar-feeding bats, especially in Glossophaga soricina. The quick movements of the tongue of M. woermanni could be shown by motion pictures. Using honey-water as food, the fruitbats made 7 licking movements/s; the amount of fluid withdrawn from a glass tube was 0.18 ml/s.}, keywords = {behaviour, Central Africa, Chiroptera, diet, filiform papillae, flowers, food, Gabon, Glossophaga soricina, Mammalia, Megaloglossus woermanni, morphology, nectar licking, nectarivory, Phyllostomidae, Pteropodidae, tongue}, author = {Kulzer, E.} } @article {3246, title = {A new isolate of Lagos bat virus from the Republic of South Africa}, journal = {Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg.}, volume = {76}, number = {2}, year = {1982}, month = {1982}, pages = {211-213}, abstract = {In 1980, a virus isolated from a bat in Natal, Republic of South Africa, was initially identified in the fluorescent antibody test as rabies virus. We have now shown this isolate to be Lagos bat virus. The possible epizootiological significance of this finding is discussed.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Epomophorus wahlbergi, infectious diseases, lyssaviruses, Pteropodidae, South Africa, virology}, url = {Crick et al. 1982.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(82)90277-2}, author = {Crick, J. and Tignor, G. H. and Moreno, K.} } @article {4729, title = {A new species of Glauconycteris from the east coast of Kenya (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)}, journal = {Can. J. Zool.}, volume = {60}, number = {10}, year = {1982}, month = {1982}, pages = {2521-2525}, abstract = {A unique specimen of Glauconycteris differs from any known species of bat in colour, facial markings, and cranial characteristics and is diagnosed as a new species.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, distribution, East Africa, Glauconycteris argentata, Glauconycteris gleni, Glauconycteris kenyacola sp. nov., Glauconycteris variegata, Kenya, Mammalia, morphology, species description, systematics, taxonomy, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Peterson, R. L.} } @article {3527, title = {Notes sur les Labidocarpines (Acari, Chirodiscidae) parasites des chiropt{\`e}res}, journal = {Bull. Inst. r. Sci. nat. Belg.: Ent.}, volume = {54}, number = {4}, year = {1982}, month = {1982}, pages = {1-37}, keywords = {[Mops condylurus] Nyctinomus angolensis, [Saccolaimus] Taphozous peli, Acari, Africa, Arachnida, Asia, Cameroon, Cardioderma cor, Chirodiscidae, Chiroptera, Coleura afra, Comoros, Congo (Kinshasa), ectoparasites, Emballonuridae, Ethiopia, Furipteridae, Glauconycteris argentata, Guinea Bissau, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros caffer centralis, Hipposideros sp., identification key, Indian Ocean, Kenya, Kerivoula cuprosa, Kerivoula smithi, Lavia frons, Megadermatidae, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus inflatus, Molossidae, Mormoopidae, Morocco, Myotis blythi [punicus], Myotis goudoti, Nycteridae, Nycteris hispida, Otomops martiensseni, parasitism, Phyllostomidae, Rwanda, South America, Tanzania, Taphozous mauritianus, Taphozous sp., Triaenops afer, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Fain, A.} } @article {3027, title = {Noteworthy extensions of known ranges of three African fruit bat species (Mammalia, Megachiroptera)}, journal = {Bull. zool. Mus. Univ. Amsterdam}, volume = {8}, number = {19}, year = {1982}, month = {1982}, pages = {157-163}, abstract = {True Nanonycteris veldkampii (Jentink, 1888) is recorded from the Central African Republic for the first time. The disputed occurrence of Epomops buettikoferi (Matschie, 1899) in Nigeria is confirmed. Rousettus lanosus Thomas, 1906, is added to the faunal list of Sudan.}, keywords = {Africa, Central African Republic, Chiroptera, Epomops buettikoferi, Faunistik, Mammalia, morphology, Nanonycteris veldkampii, Nigeria, Pteropodidae, Rousettus lanosus, Sudan, systematics, taxonomy, zoogeography}, author = {Bergmans, W.} } @article {3940, title = {Predation by a snake of a flower-visiting bat at Parkia nitida (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae)}, journal = {Brittonia}, volume = {34}, number = {2}, year = {1982}, month = {1982}, pages = {225-227}, abstract = {An observation of a snake catching a bat visiting a capitulum of the chiropterophilous tree Parkia nitida is described. The implications of predator avoidance on the behavior of pollinators and hence on cross-pollination are discussed. Fear of predation may be the reason why some bats make only brief visits to Parkia capitula.}, keywords = {Africa, Brazil, Chiroptera, Eidolon helvum, Indian Ocean, Parkia biglobosa, Parkia nitida, Parkia roxburghii, Phyllostomidae, pollination, predation pressure, predators, Pteropodidae, Pteropus seychellensis, Reptilia, Serpentes, South America}, author = {Hopkins, H. C. F. and Hopkins, M. J. G.} } @article {4664, title = {On the presence of Nyctalus lasiopterus in North Africa (Mammalia: Chiroptera)}, journal = {Mammalia}, volume = {46}, number = {3}, year = {1982}, month = {1982}, pages = {401-403}, keywords = {Algeria, Chiroptera, Morocco, North Africa, Nyctalus lasiopterus, Nyctalus noctula, Vespertilionidae}, url = {Palmeirim 1982.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mamm.1982.46.3.395}, author = {Palmeirim, J. M.} } @article {3326, title = {Prey of the spotted eagle-owl Bubo africanus in the Awash National Park, Ethiopia}, journal = {Bonn. zool. Beitr.}, volume = {33}, number = {2-4}, year = {1982}, month = {1982}, pages = {283-292}, abstract = {The prey composition of Bubo africanus is reported as determined by analyses of prey remains from a roosting site in the Awash National Park of Ethiopia. Mammals accounted for 88\% of the total number of prey items; in particular Tatera robusta, Arvicanthis somalicus, Gerbillus pusillus and Crocidura fuscomurina were the most frequent prey. By mass Tatera robusta and Arvicanthis somalicus made up over 60\% of the total mammalian prey. Crocidura cf. lusitania, C. cf. viaria, C. pasha and Steatomys sp. are first recorded for the whole of Ethiopia. In addition to these, Myotis tricolor and Praomys cf. fumatus are first recorded for the Awash National Park.}, keywords = {Acomys cahirinus, Amphibia, Arvicanthis dembeensis, Arvicanthis somalicus, Asellia tridens, Aves, Bubo africanus, Chiroptera, Coleoptera, Crocidura cf. lusitania, Crocidura cf. viaria, Crocidura flavescens, Crocidura fulvastra, Crocidura fuscomurina, Crocidura pasha, Crocidura somalica, diet, Emballonuridae, Ethiopia, food, Gerbillus pusillus, Heterocephalus glaber, Hipposideridae, Insecta, Lagomorpha, Leporidae, Lepus habessinicus, Muridae, Mus tenellus, Myotis tricolor, Northeast Africa, Nycteridae, Nycteris thebaica, Praomys spp., predation, prey, Reptilia, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus fumigatus, Rhinopoma hardwickii, Rhinopomatidae, Rodentia, Soricidae, Soricomorpha, Steatomys sp., Strigidae, Strigiformes, Taphozous perforatus, Tatera robusta, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Demeter, A.} } @article {4681, title = {Prey specificity of the barn owl, Tyto alba, in the Great Fish River valley of the Eastern Cape Province}, journal = {S. Afr. J. Wildl. Res.}, volume = {12}, number = {1}, year = {1982}, month = {1982}, pages = {14-25}, abstract = {The responses of barn owls preying on a community of small mammals in the Great Fish River valley of the Eastern Cape have been determined by pellet analysis. The species composition of the prey was compared with the results of intensive trapping in adjacent habitat. Differences were apparent and their probable causes are discussed. The age-structure of several prey species found in the pellets was recorded following the establishment of relative age classes based on tooth wear, and interpreted in relation to the theory of prudent predation. There was no common pattern of age specific mortality. It was concluded that prudent and non-prudent behaviour may occur irregularly in space and time in these polyphagous barn owls, since the prey species varied in size and density, and were characterized by different reproductive strategies and survivorship patterns.}, keywords = {Aves, Chiroptera, Mammalia, Nycteridae, Nycteris thebaica, predation, Rodentia, Soricomorpha, South Africa, Strigiformes, Tyto alba, Tytonidae}, author = {Perrin, M. R.} } @article {5390, title = {Recherches scientifique dans les Parcs Nationaux du S{\'e}n{\'e}gal. XXII. Note sur les cheiropt{\`e}res du S{\'e}n{\'e}gal, principalement dans les Parcs Nationaux du Niokolo-Koba et du Delta du Saloum}, journal = {M{\'e}m. Inst. Fondam. Afr. Noire}, number = {92}, year = {1982}, month = {1982}, pages = {307-313}, keywords = {[Chaerephon pumilus] Tadarida (Chaerephon) pumila, [Neoromicia nana] Pipistrellus nanus, Chiroptera, distribution, ecology, Epomophorus gambianus, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, habitat preferences, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros caffer guineensis [ruber], Mammalia, Molossidae, Nycteridae, Nycteris macrotis, Pteropodidae, Rousettus aegyptiacus occidentalis [unicolor], Scotophilus leucogaster, Scotophilus nigrita, Senegal, species richness, Vespertilionidae, West Africa}, author = {Verschuren, J.} } @article {3901, title = {Records of bats from Mount Nimba, Liberia}, journal = {Mammalia}, volume = {46}, number = {1}, year = {1982}, month = {1982b}, pages = {116-120}, keywords = {[Chaerephon] Tadarida major, Chiroptera, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros marisae, Liberia, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus inflatus, Molossidae, Mount Nimba, Pipistrellus kuhlii [hesperidus], Pipistrellus nanulus, Pipistrellus rusticus, Pipistrellus sp. [sp. nov. Bumbuna?], Pteropodidae, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus clivosus [R. hillorum], Scotonycteris ophiodon, Scotophilus dinganii, systematics, taxonomy, Vespertilionidae, West Africa}, author = {Hill, J. Edwards} } @article {3902, title = {A review of the leaf-nosed bats Rhinonycteris, Cloeotis and Triaenops (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae)}, journal = {Bonn. zool. Beitr.}, volume = {33}, number = {2-4}, year = {1982}, month = {1982a}, pages = {165-186}, abstract = {The major taxonomic features of three hipposiderid genera, Rhinonycteris, Cloeotis and Triaenops are described and discussed. Where appropriate, species and subspecies are diagnosed and defined, with an indication of geographic variation.}, keywords = {Africa, Asia, Australia, Chiroptera, Cloeotis percivali, Hipposideridae, identification key, Madagascar, morphology, Near East, noseleaves, revision, Rhinonicteris aurantia, systematics, taxonomy, Triaenops afer, Triaenops afer majusculus, Triaenops auritus, Triaenops furculus, Triaenops humbloti, Triaenops persicus, Triaenops rufus}, author = {Hill, J. Edwards} } @article {3134, title = {Structure sociale du chiropt{\`e}re Hipposideros beatus}, journal = {Mammalia}, volume = {46}, number = {1}, year = {1982}, month = {1982}, pages = {3-9}, abstract = {One small population of H. beatus (Chiroptera) was marked and regularly observed for 3 yr in an island of the Ivindo river, Gabon (0.4{\textdegree} lat. N, 12{\textdegree} long.). The social structure of this bat is the monogamous family, i.e., 1 pair of adults with 1 yearling of the preceding breeding season. These families are sedentary and occupy small territories which saturate the specific biotope. The same male and the same female remain associated from the beginning of a mating season to the beginning of the next one (June-June). At this time, new pairs are formed, through an exchange of mates in the population. The yearling may associate with a pair of adults which are not its parents. According to a few observations, sexual maturity occurs when the females are 6 mo. old and when the males are at least 1 yr old. Comparisons are made with the other sympatric species of Hipposideros which occupy different types of diurnal roosts, and have different social systems. The nature of the diurnal roost seems an important factor in the evolution of the social structure in bats. The few species known to live in pairs are ecologically rather restricted to specialized biotopes, and occupy diurnal roosts which are not usually suitable as shelter for large groups of individuals. In the congeneric species of Hipposideridae and Rhinolophidae, the evolution of the social systems seems as divergent as the species are sympatric.}, keywords = {Central Africa, Chiroptera, day roosts, ecology, Flederm{\"a}use, Gabon, group size, habitat preferences, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros beatus, Makokou, Mammalia, mating systems, monogamy, reproduction, roosting behaviour, social behaviour, social organization, territoriality}, url = {Brosset 1982.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mamm.1982.46.1.3}, author = {Brosset, A.} } @article {3816, title = {Two bats (Chiroptera) new to the fauna of Malawi}, journal = {Nyala}, volume = {8}, number = {2}, year = {1982}, month = {1982b}, pages = {99-100}, keywords = {Chiroptera, distribution, Lavia frons, Malawi, Megadermatidae, Myotis tricolor, Southern Africa, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Harrison, D. L.} } @article {3659, title = {Two new species of chiggers (Acari: Trombiculidae) from East African bats (Chiroptera)}, journal = {Journal of Medical Entomology}, volume = {19}, number = {4}, year = {1982}, month = {1982}, pages = {376-379}, abstract = {Microtrombicula (Eltonella) tanzaniae is described from specimens collected from Noack{\textquoteright}s African leaf-nosed bat, Hipposideros ruber ruber, Persian leaf-nosed bat, Triaenops persicus afer, and Egyptian slit-faced bat, Nycteris thebaica, and Whartonia novemsetosa from Egyptian fruit bat, Rousettus aegyptiacus, taken in Tanzania, Africa. New host and locality records are given for Whartonia oweni.}, keywords = {Acari, Arachnida, Chiroptera, East Africa, ectoparasites, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros ruber, Microtrombicula tanzaniae sp. nov., Nycteridae, Nycteris thebaica, parasitism, Pteropodidae, Rousettus aegyptiacus, Tanzania, Triaenops afer, Whartonia novemsetosa sp. nov.}, url = {Goff 1982.pdf http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/esa/jme/1982/00000019/00000004/art00005}, author = {Goff, M. L.} } @article {4989, title = {An additional record of Myonycteris relicta Bergmans, 1980, from Tanzania (Mammalia: Chiroptera)}, journal = {Ann. Carn. Mus.}, volume = {50}, number = {16}, year = {1981}, month = {1981}, pages = {385-389}, abstract = {A 4th specimen of the East African relict collared fruit bat, M. relicta Bergmans, 1980, is reported. This specimen, from the Nguru Mountains of central Tanzania, supports the contention of a previous connection between East African mountain forests with central African counterparts. External and cranial measurements of the new specimen are compared with other reported M. relicta and a sample of M. torquata.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, East Africa, Faunistik, Mammalia, morphology, Myonycteris relicta, Pteropodidae, systematics, Tanzania, taxonomy, zoogeography}, author = {Schlitter, D. A. and McLaren, S. B.} } @article {4775, title = {Bat records from Mauritania, Africa (Mammalia: Chiroptera)}, journal = {Ann. Carn. Mus.}, volume = {50}, number = {13}, year = {1981}, month = {1981}, pages = {345-351}, abstract = {The occurrence of 7 spp. of bats previously unknown in Mauritania are documented, making a total of 11 spp. of bats recorded from the country. The new records include Taphozous perforatus, Nycteris hispida, Hipposideros caffer, Asellia tridens, Pipistrellus rueppelli, Scotophilus leucogaster and Tadarida condylura. Additional information is provided on Rhinopoma hardwickei, R. microphyllum and Nycticeius schlieffeni, already known to occur in Mauritania.}, keywords = {Asellia tridens, Chiroptera, distribution, Emballonuridae, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros caffer, Mammalia, Mauritania, Molossidae, Mops condylurus, morphology, Nycteridae, Nycteris hispida, Nycticeinops schlieffenii, Pipistrellus rueppellii, Rhinopoma hardwickii, Rhinopoma microphyllum, Rhinopomatidae, Scotophilus leucogaster, systematics, Taphozous perforatus, taxonomy, Vespertilionidae, West Africa}, author = {Qumsiyeh, M. B. and Schlitter, D. A.} } @article {3752, title = {Chromosomal evolution in African Megachiroptera: G- and C-band assessment of the magnitude of change in similar standard karyotypes}, journal = {Cytogen. Cell. Genet.}, volume = {29}, number = {4}, year = {1981}, month = {1981}, pages = {221-232}, abstract = {Differential staining (G- and C-banding) is used to assess magnitude of chromosomal variation in 8 spp. of African megachiropterans (Myonycteris torquata, Lissonycteris angolensis, Rousettus aegyptiacus, Epomops franqueti, Hypsignathus monstrosus, Micropteropus pusillus, Scotonycteris ophiodon and Megaloglossus woermanni). These data are compared with those suggested by standard karyotypic studies; in this example standard methods underestimate chromosomal variation by a factor > 4.5. Models constructed from patterns of chromosomal evolution in standard karyotypes evidently need to be evaluated in light of in-depth studies based on G- and C-bands.}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, chromosomes, cytogenetics, Epomops, evolution, Hypsignathus, karyotypes, Lissonycteris, Mammalia, Megaloglossus, Micropteropus, morphology, Myonycteris, phylogeny, Pteropodidae, Rousettus, Scotonycteris, speciation, species richness, systematics, taxonomy}, author = {Haiduk, M. W. and Baker, R. J. and Robbins, L. W. and Schlitter, D. A.} } @article {4324, title = {Contribution a l{\textquoteright}{\'e}tude du r{\'e}gime alimentaire du hibou grand duc Bubo bubo ascalaphus au Maroc}, journal = {Bulletin de l{\textquoteright}Institut Scientifique, Rabat}, volume = {5}, year = {1981}, month = {1981}, pages = {167-177}, abstract = {The present study is based on the results of the analysis of about 800 eagle owl{\textquoteright}s pellets collected from 1971 to 1978 in four different localities in Morocco. Mammals constitute the eagle owl{\textquoteright}s principal preys, particularly Jaculus orientalis and Meriones shawi. Hedgehogs, Lagomorpha (hare, rabbits), birds and insects are also found.}, keywords = {Arthropoda, Aves, Bubo ascalaphus, Chiroptera, diet, food, Insecta, Lagomorpha, Mammalia, Morocco, Myotis sp., North Africa, predation, Rodentia, Soricidae, Strigiformes, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Lesne, L. and Thevenot, M.} } @article {3601, title = {Correspondence of food habits and morphology in insectivorous bats}, journal = {J. Mamm.}, volume = {62}, number = {1}, year = {1981}, month = {1981b}, pages = {166-173}, keywords = {Chiroptera, diet, feeding, Mammalia, skull}, author = {Freeman, P. W.} } @article {3607, title = {Detection of certain African, insectivorous bats by sympatric, tympanate moths}, journal = {J. Comp. Physiol. A}, volume = {143}, number = {3}, year = {1981}, month = {1981}, pages = {363-368}, abstract = {The tympanic organs of moths we studied in Zimbabwe responded differentially to the echolocation/hunting signals of sympatric, insectivorous bats. Bats employing very high frequencies (> 110 kHz) and/or low intensity cries tend to be first detected by tympanal preparations at distances considerably less than those with more intense, mid-frequency (20-60 kHz) cries. There appears to be some positive correlation between acoustically inconspicous bats and the amount of auditive prey they feed on although there are theoretical disadvantages in producing highly undetectable orientation cries.}, keywords = {Beuteortung, Beutespektrum, Chiroptera, echolocation, feeding habits, Fenton 1986], Flederm{\"a}use, foraging, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros commersoni [vittatus], Hipposideros ruber [= H. caffer, Insecta, Kerivoula argentata, Laephotis angolensis, Lepidoptera, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus schreibersii, moths, Nahrungsspektrum, Neoromicia capensis, Neoromicia nanus, Nycteridae, Nycteris thebaica, Nycteris woodi, Nycticeinops schlieffenii, Pipistrellus rueppellii, predation pressure, predator avoidance, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus hildebrandtii, Scotophilus dinganii, Scotophilus viridis, Southern Africa, Vespertilionidae, Zimbabwe}, author = {Fullard, J. H. and Thomas, D. W.} } @article {4544, title = {Ecological side effects of dieldrin application against tsetse flies in Adamaoua, Cameroon}, journal = {Oecologia}, volume = {50}, number = {2}, year = {1981}, month = {1981}, pages = {187-194}, keywords = {Aves, Central Africa, Chiroptera, gallery forests, Glossina morsitans, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros commersoni gigas, Insecta, Lissonycteris angolensis, Mammalia, Micropteropus pusillus, pesticides, Pisces, Pteropodidae, Rodentia}, url = {M{\"u}ller et al. 1981.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00348036}, author = {M{\"u}ller, P. and Nagel, P. and Flacke, W.} } @book {3879, title = {Enqu{\^e}te sur la circulation d{\textquoteright}arbovirus dans plusieurs milieux boises de la r{\'e}gion de Bobo-Dioulasso (Haute-Volta): Lots de Culicidae et pr{\'e}l{\`e}vements de petits vert{\`e}bres r{\'e}alises en 1981}, year = {1981}, month = {1981b}, pages = {15}, publisher = {Organisation de Coordination et de Coop{\'e}ration pour la Lutte contre les Grandes End{\'e}mies, Centre Muraz, Section d{\textquoteright}Entomologie}, organization = {Organisation de Coordination et de Coop{\'e}ration pour la Lutte contre les Grandes End{\'e}mies, Centre Muraz, Section d{\textquoteright}Entomologie}, address = {Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso}, keywords = {Burkina Faso, Chiroptera, Culicidae, Diptera, Epomophorus gambianus, infectious diseases, Insecta, Mammalia, Pteropodidae, virology, West Africa}, author = {Hervy, J.-P. and Legros, F.} } @book {3878, title = {Enqu{\^e}te sur la circulation d{\textquoteright}arbovirus dans plusieurs milieux boises de la r{\'e}gion de Bobo-Dioulasso (Haute-Volta). II. Pr{\'e}l{\`e}vements de petits mammif{\`e}res: Lots constitues en 1980}, year = {1981}, month = {1981a}, pages = {9}, publisher = {Organisation de Coordination et de Coop{\'e}ration pour la Lutte contre les Grandes End{\'e}mies, Centre Muraz, Section d{\textquoteright}Entomologie}, organization = {Organisation de Coordination et de Coop{\'e}ration pour la Lutte contre les Grandes End{\'e}mies, Centre Muraz, Section d{\textquoteright}Entomologie}, address = {Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso}, keywords = {Burkina Faso, Chiroptera, Epomophorus gambianus, Heliosciurus gambianus, infectious diseases, Mammalia, Pteropodidae, Rodentia, virology, West Africa}, author = {Hervy, J.-P. and Legros, F.} } @book {3880, title = {Enqu{\^e}te sur la circulation d{\textquoteright}arbovirus en for{\^e}t de Lera, Sud-Ouest de la Haute-Volta (du 17 au 23 ao{\^u}t 1981)}, year = {1981}, month = {1981c}, pages = {17}, publisher = {Organisation de Coordination et de Coop{\'e}ration pour la Lutte contre les Grandes End{\'e}mies, Centre Muraz, Section d{\textquoteright}Entomologie}, organization = {Organisation de Coordination et de Coop{\'e}ration pour la Lutte contre les Grandes End{\'e}mies, Centre Muraz, Section d{\textquoteright}Entomologie}, address = {Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso}, keywords = {Aves, Burkina Faso, Chiroptera, Culicidae, Diptera, Eidolon helvum, Epomophorus gambianus, infectious diseases, Insecta, Mammalia, Primates, Pteropodidae, Rodentia, virology, West Africa}, author = {Hervy, J.-P. and Legros, F.} } @article {5331, title = {Fetal development of the bat Miniopterus schreibersi natalensis}, journal = {S. Afr. J. Zool.}, volume = {16}, number = {3}, year = {1981}, month = {1981}, pages = {172 - 182}, abstract = {Prenatal development in the fetus of Miniopterus schreibersi natalensis is discussed. Due to the long period of delayed implantation in this subspecies, the age of even the smallest fetuses, where the fore-limb buds just become visible will be around 150 days. The most reliable criterion for age determination proved to be body mass, and all fetal ages were estimated by using the equation t = W1/3 / 0.0145 + 144.}, keywords = {age, anatomy, body mass, Chiroptera, development, growth, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus natalensis, reproduction, South Africa}, author = {van der Merwe, M.} } @article {2925, title = {Hepatocystis in Hypsignathus monstrosus (Pteropinea) in Gaboon. I. Hepatocystis malaria in a hammerhead bat population in Gaboon, West Africa}, journal = {Ann. Parasitol. Humaine et Comp.}, volume = {56}, number = {1}, year = {1981}, month = {1981}, pages = {21-22}, abstract = {Blood smears from 142 Hypsignathus monstrosus collected from one site in Gaboon were examined; 139 bats showed Hepatocystis infection; it seems that all animals have acquired Hepatocystis infection by the time they are 6 months of age. Intensity of parasitemias varies according to age, sex and for females to their reproductive status.}, keywords = {Central Africa, Chiroptera, endoparasites, Gabon, Hypsignathus monstrosus, infectious diseases, Mammalia, parasitism, Protozoa, Pteropodidae, reproduction}, author = {Ayala, S. C. and Bradbury, J. W. and Bradbury, S.} } @article {3576, title = {Nycteris grandis (Nycteridae): An African carnivorous bat}, journal = {J. Zool. (Lond.)}, volume = {194}, number = {4}, year = {1981}, month = {1981}, pages = {461-465}, abstract = {Nycteris grandis in Mana Pools National Park in Zimbabwe regularly include a variety of vertebrates and arthropods in their diet, ranging from fish through frogs, bats and birds, to different Orthoptera, Lepidoptera and Coleoptera. Analysis of the faeces of these bats suggests a considerable range in size of prey taken, from the 10 g birds and bats to caddis flies 15 mm long.}, keywords = {Amphibia, Anura, Aves, behaviour, Beutespektrum, carnivory, Chiroptera, diet, ecology, feeding habits, Flederm{\"a}use, foraging, habitat preferences, Hangpl{\"a}tze, Insecta, Mammalia, Mana Pools National Park, Nahrung, Nahrungsspektrum, Nahrungswahl, Nycteridae, Nycteris grandis, Pisces, predation pressure, prey selection, roosting behaviour, Southern Africa, Zimbabwe}, url = {Fenton et al. 1981.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1981.tb04594.x}, author = {Fenton, M. B. and Thomas, D. W. and Sasseen, R.} } @article {4478, title = {Lagos bat virus in South Africa}, journal = {Lancet}, volume = {317}, number = {8224}, year = {1981}, month = {1981}, pages = {832-833}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Epomophorus wahlbergi, infectious diseases, lyssaviruses, Pteropodidae, South Africa, virology}, url = {Meredith \& Standing 1981.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(81)92698-2}, author = {Meredith, C. D. and Standing, E.} } @article {4840, title = {Mammals of Itala Nature Reserve, Natal}, journal = {The Lammergeyer}, volume = {31}, year = {1981}, month = {1981}, pages = {21-37}, keywords = {[Neoromicia nana] Pipistrellus nanus, [Neoromicia] Eptesicus capensis, Chiroptera, distribution, Epomophorus wahlbergi, Eptesicus hottentotus, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus fraterculus, Myotis tricolor, Nycteridae, Nycteris thebaica, Pteropodidae, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus blasii, Rhinolophus clivosus, Scotophilus dinganii, South Africa, survey, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Rautenbach, I. L. and Nel, J. A. J. and Root, G. A.} } @article {3600, title = {A multivariate study of the family Molossidae (Mammalia, Chiroptera): Morphology, ecology, evolution}, journal = {Fieldiana: Zoology n.s.}, number = {7}, year = {1981}, month = {1981a}, pages = {i-viii, 1-173}, abstract = {Molossus, Promops, Mops, Chaerephon, Otomops, Tadarida, Mormopterus, Sauromys, Platymops, Molossops, Neoplatymops, Cynomops, Myopterus, Cheiromeles and Eumops are discussed. Morphology was studied using statistical analysis. A key to the genera is provided. Biogeography is discussed.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, identification key, Mammalia, Molossidae, phylogeny, speciation, species richness, systematics, taxonomy, zoogeography}, author = {Freeman, P. W.} } @article {3455, title = {A new species of bat of the genus Tadarida (family Molossidae) from West Africa}, journal = {Life Sci. occas. Papers}, number = {36}, year = {1981}, month = {1981}, pages = {1-10}, abstract = {As a result of a systematic analysis and review of the nominal species included in the proposed subgenus Xiphonycteris Koopman (1975) (Family Molossidae, Order Chiroptera), a distinct new taxon from West Africa, Tadarida petersoni sp. nov., is confirmed and described.}, keywords = {[Mops] Tadarida (Xiphonycteris) petersoni sp. nov., Africa, Cameroon, Chiroptera, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, Ghana, identification key, Mammalia, Molossidae, morphology, species description, systematics, taxonomy}, author = {El-Rayah, M. A.} } @article {3426, title = {Parasites of house-dwelling, insectivorous bats from Alabe, Kwara State, Nigeria}, journal = {J. Parasitol.}, volume = {67}, number = {2}, year = {1981}, month = {1981}, pages = {287-288}, keywords = {Chaerephon nigeriae, Chiroptera, Helminthes, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros caffer tephrus, Mammalia, Molossidae, Nigeria, Nycteridae, Nycteris gambiensis, parasitism, West Africa}, author = {Edungbola, L. D.} } @article {3949, title = {Pugu Forest Reserve: Biological values and development}, journal = {Afr. J. Ecol.}, volume = {19}, number = {1-2}, year = {1981}, month = {1981}, pages = {73-81}, abstract = {The Pugu Forest Reserve, a small 22 km2 reserve near Dar es Salaam, is one of the last remaining vestiges of lowland coastal forest in Tanzania and contains a unique flora with twelve endemic species and one endemic genus. The Pugu Forest Reserve is the type locality for several species of invertebrates. The herpetofauna of the forest is unusual and recent collections have yielded two species not previously recorded for coastal Tanzania. The forest is the southernmost point in the range of an endemic East African coastal bird, the Sokoke pipit, and a number of bird species with unusual or restricted distributions are found in the forest. The mammals of the forest have not yet been studied in detail but many of the larger species formerly occupying the area are no longer present. It is suggested that the small portions of natural vegetation remaining within the Pugu Forest Reserve should be given total protection under a Nature Reserve conservation status and that this status be extended to a number of natural habitats, not only forests, which are in danger of destruction in Tanzania.}, keywords = {[Chaerephon pumilus] Tadarida pumila, [Chaerephon] Tadarida major, [Lissonycteris] Rousettus angolensis, Aves, checklist, Chiroptera, coastal forests, conservation, East Africa, endemism, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros ruber, Mammalia, Molossidae, Nycteridae, Nycteris thebaica, Pteropodidae, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus landeri lobatus, species richness, Tanzania, Triaenops persicus afer}, url = {Howell 1981.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2028.1981.tb00653.x}, author = {Howell, K. M.} } @article {3554, title = {Recognition of species of insectivorous bats by their echolocation calls}, journal = {J. Mamm.}, volume = {62}, number = {2}, year = {1981}, month = {1981}, pages = {233-243}, abstract = {The use of frequency, duration, and patterns of frequency change over time to identify 39 species of North American and African bats by their search phase echolocation calls is described. The data were obtained from an oscilloscope display of the cells presented by a zero-crossing period meter when the calls had been detected by a broadband microphone. Species using high intensity calls are more easily sampled than those using calls of intermediate intensity; bats using low intensity calls are not readily sampled by this system. Identification of bats in the field by their calls requires observation of known individuals under field conditions. The echolocation calls included frequency components from 8 to 210 kHz. At all sites, species using frequency modulated (FM) calls with frequencies from 25 to 65 kHz predominated; larger faunas exhibited greater variability in types of calls. The identification of echolocating bats by their calls depends upon the size of the bat fauna, the levels of bat activity, and inherent characteristics of the calls.}, keywords = {Africa, Canada, Chaerephon ansorgei, Chaerephon chapini, Chaerephon nigeriae, Chiroptera, Cloeotis percivali, C{\^o}te d{\textquoteright}Ivoire, Emballonuridae, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros caffer [Fenton 1986], Hipposideros commersoni, Hipposideros ruber, Ivory Coast, Kerivoula argentata, Laephotis angolensis, Molossidae, Neoromicia capensis, Neoromicia nana, North America, Nycteridae, Nycteris thebaica, Nycteris woodi, Nycticeinops schlieffenii, Otomops martiensseni, Pipistrellus rueppellii, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus denti, Rhinolophus hildebrandtii, Rhinolophus simulator, Scotophilus viridis, Tadarida aegyptiaca, Tadarida fulminans, Taphozous mauritianus, USA, Vespertilionidae, Zimbabwe}, author = {Fenton, M. B. and Bell, G. P.} } @article {4588, title = {The Seychelles fruit bat, Pteropus seychellensis seychellensis}, journal = {Afr. J. Ecol.}, volume = {19}, year = {1981}, month = {1981}, pages = {361-364}, abstract = {The Seychelles fruit bat, Pteropus seychellensis seychellensis Milne Edwards 1877 (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) is confined to the granitic islands of the Seychelles archipelago where it has traditionally been taken for food. Little information on the abundance of fruit bats or the effects of human activities on their populations is available (Racey, 1979). An expedition from Aberdeen university in 1977, one of the aims of which was to evaluate the need for conservation of the endemic mammals of the Seychelles Islands, included a survey of bat roosts on some of the islands.}, keywords = {abundance, Africa, Chiroptera, conservation, day roosts, density, distribution, Indian Ocean, Pteropodidae, Pteropus seychellensis, roosting behaviour, Seychelles, Verbreitung}, author = {Nicoll, M. E. and Racey, P. A.} } @article {3325, title = {Small animals and the food of owls (Tyto and Bubo) in northern Nigeria}, journal = {Vertebrata Hungarica}, volume = {20}, year = {1981}, month = {1981}, pages = {127-136}, abstract = {120 specimens representing 13 species of small mammals were collected in Yankari Game Reserve, northern Nigeria and in cultivated land outside the reserve. Of these, Crocidura odorata, C. pasha, Epomophorus gambianus, Tadarida (Mops) condylura and Graphiurus murinus are new records for the reserve. Pellets from Bubo africanus and Tyto alba were examined: shrews and rodents were the most important prey. New records for the reserve as indicated in owl pellets are Taphozous mauritianus, Nycteris major, Crocidura flavescens, C. poensis and Dasymys incomtus. Suncus infinitesimus was found in pellets from Futuk.}, keywords = {Aves, Bubo africanus, Chiroptera, Eidolon helvum, Emballonuridae, Epomophorus gambianus, Mammalia, Micropteropus pusillus, Molossidae, Mops condylurus, Nigeria, Nycteridae, Nycteris major [N. macrotis], Pipistrellus sp., predation, Pteropodidae, Rodentia, Soricidae, Strigiformes, Taphozous mauritianus, Tyto alba, Vespertilionidae, West Africa}, author = {Demeter, A.} } @article {3186, title = {The status of bats on western Indian Ocean islands, with special reference to Pteropus}, journal = {Mammalia}, volume = {45}, number = {2}, year = {1981}, month = {1981}, pages = {205-238}, abstract = {The history and current status of bats on western India Ocean islands, excluding Madagascar, is reviewed. Attention is drawn to the total extinction of Pteropus subniger (Mauritius \& R{\'e}union), and to the critical rarity of both Pteropus rodricensis (Rodrigues) and Coleura seychellensis (granitic Seychelles). Scotophilus borbonicus (Reunion) has not been seen in over a century, but could still survive. Pteropus livingstonii, now also very rare and vulnerable, is recorded for the first time from Moheli (Comoros). We were unable to confirm the continued existence in the Comoros of the endemic Rousettus obliviosus last collected in 1903.}, keywords = {[Chaerephon pusillus] Tadarida pumila, [Mormopterus] Tadarida acetabulosus, Africa, Agalega, Anjouan, bushmeat, Chiroptera, Coleura seychellensis, Comoros, conservation, diet, ecology, Emballonuridae, folivory, hunting, Indian Ocean, island biogeography, Mascarenes, Mayotte, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus minor griveaudi, Moh{\'e}li, Molossidae, Myotis goudoti anjouanensis, natural history, Pteropodidae, Pteropus livingstonii, Pteropus niger, Pteropus rodricensis, Pteropus seychellensis comorensis, Pteropus subniger, R{\'e}union, Rodrigues, roosting, Rousettus obliviosus, Scotophilus borbonicus, Seychelles, Taphozous mauritianus, threats, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Cheke, A. S. and Dahl, J. F.} } @article {4139, title = {Zur Chiropteren-Fauna von Burundi (Mammalia)}, journal = {Senckenbergiana biol.}, volume = {61}, number = {5/6}, year = {1981}, month = {1981c [for 1980]}, pages = {329-336}, abstract = {The bat species known for Burundi are briefly reviewed and further records are given; four additional species are reported: Micropteropus pusillus, Taphozous mauritianus, Nycteris macrotis, Eptesicus flavescens. A list of acceptable species records summarizes the bat fauna hitherto known.}, keywords = {[Chaerephon pumilus] Tadarida pumila limbata, [Lissonycteris] Rousettus angolensis, [Mops condylurus] Tadarida condylura, [Mops] Tadarida niveiventer, [Neoromicia nana] Pipistrellus nanus, [Pipistrellus grandidieri] Eptesicus flavescens, Burundi, Central Africa, checklist, Chiroptera, distribution, Eidolon helvum, Emballonuridae, Epomophorus labiatus anurus, Faunistik, first records, Flederm{\"a}use, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros ruber, Lavia frons, Mammalia, Megadermatidae, Micropteropus pusillus, Molossidae, morphology, Myotis bocagei, Nycteridae, Nycteris hispida, Nycteris macrotis, Pteropodidae, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus landeri, Rousettus aegyptiacus leachii, Scotophilus dingani, species richness, systematics, Taphozous mauritianus, taxonomy, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Kock, D.} } @article {4140, title = {Zwei Flederm{\"a}use neu f{\"u}r Kenya (Mammalia: Chiroptera)}, journal = {Senckenbergiana biol.}, volume = {61}, number = {5/6}, year = {1981}, month = {1981b [for 1980]}, pages = {321-327}, abstract = {For Taphozous (Liponycteris) hamiltoni and Nycteris grandis first records from Kenya are given together with measurements and distributional remarks. A supernumerary upper incisor is reported for N. grandis.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, distribution, East Africa, Emballonuridae, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, Kenya, Mammalia, map, morphology, Nycteridae, Nycteris grandis, species richness, systematics, Taphozous hamiltoni, taxonomy}, author = {Kock, D.} } @article {3948, title = {Abnormal white colouration in three species of insectivorous African bats}, journal = {J. Zool. (Lond.)}, volume = {191}, number = {3}, year = {1980}, month = {1980}, pages = {424-427}, keywords = {albinism, Chiroptera, colouration, East Africa, Flederm{\"a}use, fur, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros ruber, Mammalia, morphology, Nycteridae, Nycteris thebaica, pelage, predation pressure, predator avoidance, Tanzania, Triaenops persicus [afer]}, author = {Howell, K. M.} } @inbook {5054, title = {Additional material of Rhinolophus ruwenzorii Hill, 1942, with comments on its natural history and taxonomic status}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifth International Bat Research Conference}, year = {1980}, month = {1980}, pages = {163-171}, publisher = {Texas Tech Press}, organization = {Texas Tech Press}, chapter = {434}, address = {Lubbock}, keywords = {Albertine Rift, allopatric, Central Africa, Chiroptera, day roosts, diet, distribution, ecology, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, habitat preferences, Mammalia, morphology, Nahrung, reproduction, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus hilli, Rhinolophus maclaudi, Rhinolophus ruwenzorii, roosting behaviour, Ruwenzori Mts., sympatric, systematics, taxonomy, Uganda}, author = {Smith, J. D. and Hood, C. S.}, editor = {Wilson, D. E. and Gardner, A. L.} } @article {3121, title = {Amino acid transmitter transport in nerve endings from normal and vitamin B12 deficient fruit bats}, journal = {Brain Research}, volume = {200}, number = {1}, year = {1980}, month = {1980}, pages = {213-215}, keywords = {Chiroptera, GABA, physiology, Pteropodidae, Rousettus aegyptiacus, South Africa, vitamins}, url = {Brennan et al. 1980.pdf http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0006899380911117}, author = {Brennan, M. J. W. and Cantrill, R. C. and Warner, S. J. and Van Der Westhuyzen, J. and Fernandes-Costa, F. and Kramer, S. and Metz, J.} } @article {5122, title = {A checklist and numbering system of the extant mammals of the southern African subregion}, journal = {Ann. Transv. Mus.}, volume = {32}, number = {7}, year = {1980}, month = {1980}, pages = {155-196}, abstract = {A checklist of 292 terrestrial and 43 marine mammals currently known to occur in the Southern African Subregion is presented. The scientific name of each species is given together with the author{\textquoteright}s name, the date of its original description, and its English and Afrikaans vernacular names. Each species is assigned a number in order to facilitate handling of data in computer systems.}, keywords = {Botswana, checklist, Chiroptera, Mammalia, Mozambique, South Africa, Southern Africa, systematics, taxonomy, Zambia, Zimbabwe}, author = {Swanepoel, P. and Smithers, R. H. N. and Rautenbach, I. L.} } @book {4455, title = {Conservation of Bats and their Cave Habitats and Surrounding Relictual Forest in Coastal Kenya. Management Proposals}, year = {1980}, month = {May 1980}, pages = {34 pp. + 4 fig.}, publisher = {Unpublished Report}, organization = {Unpublished Report}, address = {Dep. of Zoology, Univ. of Aberdeen}, keywords = {Cardioderma cor, caves, Chiroptera, coastal forests, Coleura afra, colony size, conservation, day roosts, East Africa, Emballonuridae, habitat destruction, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros commersoni [gigas-vittatus], Hipposideros ruber, Kenya, Megadermatidae, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus minor, Nycteridae, Nycteris thebaica, population counts, Pteropodidae, reproduction, Reptilia, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus clivosus, Rhinolophus landeri, Rousettus aegyptiacus, scavengers, seasonality, Taphozous hildegardeae, threats, tourism, Triaenops persicus [afer], Varanidae}, author = {McWilliam, A. N.} } @book {4454, title = {Conservation of Bats and their Cave Habitats on the Kenya Coast}, year = {1980}, month = {March 1980}, pages = {9}, publisher = {Unpublished Report}, organization = {Unpublished Report}, address = {Dep. of Zoology, Univ. of Aberdeen}, keywords = {Cardioderma cor, caves, Chiroptera, Coleura afra, conservation, day roosts, East Africa, Emballonuridae, habitat destruction, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros commersoni [gigas-vittatus], Hipposideros ruber, Kenya, Megadermatidae, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus minor, Nycteridae, Nycteris sp., Pteropodidae, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus clivosus, Rhinolophus fumigatus, Rhinolophus landeri, Rousettus aegyptiacus, Taphozous hildegardeae, threats, tourism, Triaenops persicus [afer]}, author = {McWilliam, A. N.} } @article {3138, title = {Cycles de reproduction des microchiropt{\`e}res troglophiles du nord-est du Gabon}, journal = {Mammalia}, volume = {44}, number = {2}, year = {1980}, month = {1980}, pages = {225-232}, abstract = {In northeastern Gabon (latitude 0.1{\textdegree}N-longitude 12{\textdegree}E), the Microchiroptera living in caves show a reproduction rhythm which is strictly seasonal and monoestrous. In the 3 spp. concerned, all the females give birth once a year in Oct. to a single young. In Hipposideros caffer, the females of some populations give birth in March (boreal cycle) although other populations, living in neighboring caves, give birth in Oct. (austral cycle). A histological study confirmed the field data and gave results on the sexual cycle of both sexes. In the male, spermatogenesis immediately precedes the mating season. In the female, contrary to what occurs in temperate countries, ovulation takes place a short time later. Implantation is not delayed, but follows fecundation. The annual sexual cycle (pregnancy and lactating period) is 6 mo. in Miniopterus inflatus and H. caffer, and 12 mo. in H. commersoni. The cycle of sexual activity in the male is shorter than the cycle of similar species in temperate countries.}, keywords = {austral cycle, behaviour, boreal cycle, Central Africa, Chiroptera, ecology, Flederm{\"a}use, Gabon, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros caffer [ruber], Hipposideros commersoni [gigas], implantation, Mammalia, mating systems, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus inflatus, ovulation, physiology, reproduction, seasonality, spermatogenesis}, url = {Brosset \& Saint-Girons 1980.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mamm.1980.44.2.225}, author = {Brosset, A. and Saint-Girons, H.} } @article {3531, title = {Deux nouvelles esp{\`e}ces de Cheiropteres pour la faune du massif de l{\textquoteright}Air (Niger): Otonycteris hemprichi Peters, 1859 et Pipistrellus nanus (Peters, 1852)}, journal = {Bull. Inst. r. Sci. nat. Belg.: Biol.}, volume = {52}, number = {17}, year = {1980}, month = {1980}, pages = {1-7}, keywords = {[Neoromicia nana] Pipistrellus nanus, baculum, Chiroptera, morphology, Niger, Otonycteris hemprichii, Vespertilionidae, West Africa}, author = {Fairon, J.} } @article {4050, title = {Distribution and hosts of Haemolaelaps (Acarina: Laelapidae) in the northwest Ethiopian Region}, journal = {Internat. J. Acarol.}, volume = {6}, number = {4}, year = {1980}, month = {1980}, pages = {291-300}, abstract = {Geographic and host distributions for Haemolaelaps spp. from the Northwestern Ethiopian Region (Dahomey, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Mauritania, Nigeria, Senegal, Togo and Upper Volta) are compiled. Twenty five species of Haemolaelaps are reported from 103 mammal host species, including 4,047 host specimens. Sixty-eight new national records and 127 new host records are reported.}, keywords = {[Chaerephon pumilus] Tadarida pumila, [Epomophorus] Epomorphus gambianus, [Lissonycteris] Rousettus angolensis, [Mops condylurus] Tadarida condylura, Acari, Arachnida, Benin, Burkina Faso, Chiroptera, ectoparasites, Eidolon helvum, Epomops franqueti, Ghana, Haemolaelaps bellasoma, Haemolaelaps crocidura, Haemolaelaps ebsi, Haemolaelaps hirsti, Haemolaelaps sikapusi, Haemolaelaps taterakempi, Haemolaelaps tillae, Haemolaelaps zulu, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros cyclops, host specificity, host-parasite relationships, Ivory Coast, Laelapidae, Mammalia, Mauritania, Micropteropus pusillus, Molossidae, Muridae, Nigeria, Nycteridae, Nycteris macrotis, Nycteris thebaica, parasitism, Pteropodidae, Rodentia, Scotophilus leucogaster, Senegal, Soricidae, Togo, Vespertilionidae, West Africa}, url = {Jorgensen et al. 1980.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01647958008683233}, author = {Jorgensen, C. D. and Sakamoto, C. J. and Herrin, C. S.} } @article {3575, title = {Dry-season overlap in activity patterns, habitat use, and prey selection by sympatric African insectivorous bats}, journal = {Biotropica}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, year = {1980}, month = {1980}, pages = {81-90}, abstract = {Mist nets, ultrasonic sensors, light tags and feces analysis were used to examine habitat use, activity patterns and prey selection of some insectivorous bats during the dry season at the Sengwa Wild Life Research Area (18{\textdegree}10{\textquoteright}S; 28{\textdegree}13{\textquoteright}E) between June 7 and 28, 1977. Broad overlap in all parameters investigated was shown for the 13 spp. (Eptesicus capensis, Nycticeius schlieffeni, Scotophilus viridis, Hipposideros caffer, Pipistrellus nanus, P. rueppelli, Laephotis angolensis, Miniopterus schreibersi, Nycteris thebaica, N. woodi, Tadarida aegyptiaca, T. chapini and Rhinolophus sp.) present in the area during the dry season. During the wet season, some species of insectivorous bats relied more on beetles than on moths as food, or vice versa. The lack of food partitioning, particularly in the dry season, appears to conflict with theories of niches and competitive exclusion but is in accord with predictions based on optimum foraging strategy. Most insectivorous bats may be opportunistic feeders, a strategy which results in a mosaic of specialized and generalized diets and which compatible with their energetic demands. The 1st record of T. chapini from Zimbabwe (Rhodesia) was reported.}, keywords = {[Chaerephon] Tadarida chapini, [Neoromicia nana] Pipistrellus nanus, [Neoromicia] Eptesicus capensis, [Nycticeinops schlieffenii] Nycticeius schlieffeni, activity patterns, Beutespektrum, Chiroptera, competition, competitive exclusion, diet, dry season, ecology, feeding habits, Flederm{\"a}use, food distribution, foraging, habitat preferences, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros caffer, insectivory, Laephotis angolensis, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus schreibersi, Molossidae, Nahrung, Nahrungsspektrum, Nahrungswahl, niche overlap, Nycteridae, Nycteris thebaica, Nycteris woodi, opportunistic feeder, optimal foraging, Pipistrellus rueppellii, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus sp., Scotophilus viridis, Southern Africa, Tadarida aegyptiaca, Vespertilionidae, wet season, Zimbabwe}, author = {Fenton, M. B. and Thomas, D. W.} } @article {3555, title = {Echolocation and feeding behaviour of Taphozous mauritianus (Chiroptera: Emballonuridae)}, journal = {Can. J. Zool.}, volume = {58}, number = {10}, year = {1980}, month = {1980}, pages = {1774-1777}, abstract = {Observations of free-flying bats in the field in Zimbabwe indicated that Taphozous mauritianus uses multiharmonic constant frequency (CF) search calls followed by multiharmonic approach and terminal calls that combine shallow and steep frequency modulated (FM) sweeps during approaches to targets. The three phases of calls all have rapid rise times to full amplitude, and most of the sound energy is in the second harmonic; the fundamental is usually present (11-13 kHz), making the calls clearly audible to the unaided human ear. This combination of characters, but particularly the CF search calls, serves to distinguish these echolocation calls from those of other insectivorous bats. One light-tagged individual hunting insects reacted to targets at distances of about 3 m, suggesting a long-range feeding strategy.}, keywords = {behaviour, Chiroptera, echolocation, ecology, Emballonuridae, Flederm{\"a}use, foraging, habitat preferences, Mammalia, Sengwa Wildlife Research Area, Southern Africa, Taphozous mauritianus, Zimbabwe}, author = {Fenton, M. B. and Bell, G. P. and Thomas, D. W.} } @article {4651, title = {Ecological observations on an East African bat community}, journal = {Mammalia}, volume = {44}, number = {4}, year = {1980}, month = {1980}, pages = {485-496}, abstract = {The bat fauna of a south-central Kenya study area was monitored from May 1973 to July 1974. Bats in 7 families [Pteropodidae, Emballonuridae, Nycteridae, Megadermatidae, Rhinolophidae, Vespertilionidae and Molossidae] were collected. This fauna is depauperate compared to neotropical areas due to a lack of non-insectivorous feeders. The number of species and families of insect eating bats is nearly identical to that found at a Costa Rican site with a similar climate sampled in a comparable manner. The area had a pronounced dry season from May to late Oct., 2 rainy seasons in Nov. and March-April, and a short and less severe dry season from Dec. through Feb. The maximum number of species was detected from Nov. to May. About 1/2 of these species were found during the long dry season, and many of those present seemed to occur in lower densities. Seasonal migration to areas with complementary rainfall patterns account for these differences. All but 1 sp. reproduced with the more predictable Nov. rains; a few also gave birth in the March-April rainy season; none bred in the long dry season. Most annual residents bred only in Nov. and most of those species which gave birth in March-April probably were migratory. Suspected migrants tended towards smaller litter sizes. Several foraging-related characters were examined as indicators of food resources partitioning. The aspect ratio was significantly correlated with estimates of foraging height. Most of the common non-molossid insectivorous bat species may coexist on the basis of differences in pursuit strategy, prey size orientation pulses or feeding heights. A greater proportion of coexisting species overlap in size during Nov.-May than during the long dry season. This may indicate a greater degree of selective feeding when insect abundance is high, and greater partitioning on the basis of size when abundance is low.}, keywords = {[Chaerephon bivittatus] Tadarida bivittata, [Chaerephon cisturus] Tadarida bemmelini, [Chaerephon pumilus] Tadarida pumila, [Mops condylurus] Tadarida condylura, [Neoromicia nana] Pipistrellus nanus, [Neoromicia somalica] Eptesicus somalicus, [Nycticeinops schlieffenii] Nycticeius schlieffeni, activity patterns, allopatric, behaviour, biodiversity, Cardioderma cor, Chiroptera, community ecology, competition, diet, East Africa, echolocation, ecology, Emballonuridae, Epomophorus wahlbergi, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, foraging, guilds, habitat preferences, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros caffer, Hipposideros commersoni [vittatus], Kenya, Mammalia, Megadermatidae, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus africanus, Miniopterus fraterculus, Miniopterus natalensis, Miniopterus schreibersi, Molossidae, morphology, Myotis tricolor, Nahrung, niche overlap, Nycteridae, Nycteris thebaica, Platymops setiger, Pteropodidae, reproduction, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus hildebrandtii, Rhinolophus landeri, Scotoecus hindei [hirundo], Scotophilus nigrita [dinganii?], seasonality, species richness, sympatric, Tadarida aegyptiaca, Taphozous mauritianus, Triaenops persicus [afer], Vespertilionidae}, author = {O{\textquoteright}Shea, T. J. and Vaughan, T. A.} } @article {3041, title = {Female reproductive anatomy and development of ovarian follicles in Miniopterus fraterculus}, journal = {S. Afr. J. Zool.}, volume = {15}, number = {2}, year = {1980}, month = {1980a}, pages = {111-116}, abstract = {The uterus of Miniopterus fraterculus (Thomas \& Swan 1906) is bicornuate and asymmetrical, the right uterine horn being larger than the left in parous and nulliparous females. Ovarian and uterine function is asymmetrical; 94\% of observed ovulations originated in the left ovary and all implantations occurred in the right uterine horn. Growth and development of ovarian follicles follow the typical eutherian mammalian pattern. The preovulatory Graafian follicle differs from that of most hibernating verspertilionids in that the cumulus oophorus is relatively small. Two types of follicular atresia occur. The first type, in which the stratum granulosum degenerates before degeneration of the oocyte, occurs in multilaminar follicles. The second type occurs in primary and early secondary follicles and is characterized by the oocyte showing the first signs of regression.}, keywords = {anatomy, Chiroptera, histology, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus fraterculus, reproduction, South Africa}, author = {Bernard, R. T. F.} } @article {4561, title = {First record of Tadarida nigeriae (Thomas 1913) from the Arabian peninsula (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Molossidae)}, journal = {Senckenbergiana biol.}, volume = {60}, number = {3/4}, year = {1980}, month = {1980 [for 1979]}, pages = {131-135}, abstract = {Tadarida nigeriae (Thomas 1913) is recorded for the first time from the Arabian peninsula; measurements, zoogeographical notes and a key to the Arabian molossid hats arc given.}, keywords = {Africa, Arabia, Chaerephon major, Chaerephon nigeriae, Chaerephon pumilus, Chiroptera, distribution, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, identification key, Mammalia, Molossidae, Mops midas, morphology, Saudi Arabia, systematics, Tadarida teniotis, taxonomy, Verbreitung}, author = {Nader, I. A. and Kock, D.} } @article {4449, title = {Gabar goshawk drowns its prey}, journal = {Ostrich}, volume = {51}, number = {1}, year = {1980}, month = {1980}, pages = {53}, keywords = {Accipitridae, Aves, Cercopithecus sabaeus, Chiroptera, Melierax gabar, Mont Assirik, Niokolo-Koba National Park, predation, Primates, Senegal, West Africa}, author = {McGrew, W. C.} } @article {5330, title = {Importance of Miniopterus schreibersi natalensis in the diet of barn owls}, journal = {S. Afr. J. Wildl. Res.}, volume = {10}, number = {1}, year = {1980}, month = {1980}, pages = {15-17}, abstract = {Miniopterus schreibersi natalensis does not appear to rank very highly in the diet of the barn owl Tyto alba, but there are indications that there is an increase in the catches of Miniopterus during periods when there is a general decrease in the numbers of terrestrial and subterrestrial prey species.}, keywords = {Aves, Chiroptera, Mammalia, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus natalensis, Myotis tricolor, predation, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus simulator, Rodentia, Soricomorpha, South Africa, Strigiformes, Tyto alba, Tytonidae, Vespertilionidae}, author = {van der Merwe, M.} } @article {4992, title = {Karyotypes and morphometrics of two species of Scotophilus in South Africa (Mammalia: Vespertilionidae)}, journal = {Ann. Transv. Mus.}, volume = {32}, number = {9}, year = {1980}, month = {1980}, pages = {231-239}, abstract = {Karyotypes for S. dinganii (A. Smith, 1833) and S. viridis (Peters 1852) are presented. Based on reference samples from the northern Kruger National Park, individual and secondary sexual variation are analyzed for each species. Discriminant function analysis was performed with these reference samples and discriminant scores were computed to assist in accurately identifying specimens of the 2 spp. in South Africa.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, cytogenetics, karyotypes, morphometrics, Scotophilus dinganii, Scotophilus viridis, South Africa, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Schlitter, D. A. and Rautenbach, I. L. and Wolhuter, D. A.} } @article {3753, title = {Karyotypic studies of seven species of African megachiropterans (Mammalia: Pteropodidae)}, journal = {Ann. Carn. Mus.}, volume = {49}, number = {12}, year = {1980}, month = {1980}, pages = {181-191}, abstract = {{Karyotypes of 7 spp. of megachiropterans from Africa are described. Epomops franqueti, Hypsignathus monstrosus, Lissonycteris angolensis and Myonycteris torquata have a 2n = 36 and karyotypes that are similar to each other in morphology. Micropteropus pusillus (2n = 35) is similar to the above 4, but possesses what appears to be an X/Y1Y2 sex-determining system. Scotonycteris ophiodon (2n = 34, FN (fundamental number) = 62) and Megaloglossus woermanni (2n = 34}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, chromosomes, cytogenetics, Epomops, evolution, Hypsignathus, karyotypes, Lissonycteris, Mammalia, Megaloglossus, Micropteropus, morphology, Myonycteris, phylogeny, Pteropodidae, Scotonycteris, speciation, systematics, taxonomy}, author = {Haiduk, M. W. and Robbins, L. W. and Robbins, R. L. and Schlitter, D. A.} } @article {4839, title = {Mammal diversity and ecology in the Cedarberg Wilderness Area, Cape Province}, journal = {Ann. Transv. Mus.}, volume = {32}, number = {5}, year = {1980}, note = {See Rautenbach \& Nel 1979, Jacobs \& Fenton 2001}, month = {1980}, pages = {101-124}, abstract = {This report deals with the results of mammal surveys in the Cedarberg Wilderness Area, Cape Province, Republic of South Africa. Specimens collected by a combined Transvaal Museum/University of Pretoria (Department of Zoology) expedition during February 1978, as well as unreported material previously accrued by the Smithsonian Institute{\textquoteright}s {\textquoteright}African Mammal Project{\textquoteright} field teams, are dealt with. Material and/or other records of the 50 mammal species now known to occur in the study area are reported. Ecological aspects of some smaller mammals are discussed, such as trapping results, species diversity and relative densities, cover preference and breeding activity.}, keywords = {altitude, Carnivora, Chiroptera, elevation, Laephotis wintoni, Mammalia, methods, Molossidae, Rodentia, Sauromys petrophilus, Simpson diversity, Soricomorpha, South Africa, species richness, Tadarida aegyptiaca, Tadarida pumila [= Sauromys petrophilus], Vegetation, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Rautenbach, I. L. and Nel, J. A. J.} } @article {4579, title = {Mammals of the Kammanassie Mountains, southern Cape Province}, journal = {S. Afr. J. Zool.}, volume = {15}, number = {4}, year = {1980}, month = {1980}, pages = {255-261}, abstract = {The mammal fauna of the Kammanassie Mountain State Forest Reserve and Mountain Catchment Area was censused in the high-rainfall southeastern sector and low-rainfall northwestern sector from 2 -12 February, 1979. Collecting yielded 287 specimens of 17 species of small mammals, while the presence of a further 16 species of larger mammals was confirmed. Mean trapping success was low (2.0\%) which reflects the low density of most species. Of the 10 species of small mammals collected in the southeastern sector Acomys subspinosus and Otomys irroratus were abundant, while Rhabdomys pumilio, Praomys verreauxi and Myosorex varius were common; the other five species collected were rare. In the northwestern sector the species composition and relative density of each differed. Here Aethomys namaquensis was abundant, R. pumilio common, and five other species (including A. subspinosus and O. irroratus) rare. Few carnivores occur. Stomach samples of collected specimens yielded information on feeding habits; species vary considerably in their diet. Twenty-four species of both large and small mammals occur in the southeastern part, and 25 in the northwestern sector; 17 species are common to both.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Mammalia, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus clivosus, Rodentia, Soricomorpha, South Africa, survey}, author = {Nel, J. A. J. and Rautenbach, I. L. and Breytenbach, G. J.} } @article {4379, title = {The management and breeding of hammer-headed bats Hypsignathus monstrosus at the New York Zoological Park}, journal = {International Zoo Yearbook}, volume = {20}, number = {1}, year = {1980}, month = {1980}, pages = {260-264}, keywords = {captivity, Central Africa, Chiroptera, Gabon, husbandry, Hypsignathus monstrosus, marking, mortality, Pteropodidae, reproduction}, url = {MacNamara et al. 1980.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1090.1980.tb00988.x}, author = {MacNamara, M. C. and Doherty, J. G. and Viola, S. and Schacter, A.} } @article {3026, title = {A new fruit bat of the genus Myonycteris Matschie, 1899, from eastern Kenya and Tanzania (Mammalia, Megachiroptera)}, journal = {Zool. Meded.}, volume = {55}, number = {14}, year = {1980}, month = {1980}, pages = {171-181}, abstract = {M. relicta sp. nov. is described from the Shimba Hills in southeast Kenya and from the Usambara Mountains in northeast Tanzania. The species is larger than the only other known African mainland species of the genus, M. torquata (Dobson, 1878), from the Central and West African rain forests; if compared to M. torquata and to the only other species in the genus, M. brachycephala (Bocage, 1889) from S{\~a}o Tom{\'e}, it has a relatively longer rostrum, a more deflected cranial axis, and further differs in number, shape and position of its teeth. The new species provides new arguments for the relationship between the genera Myonycteris Matschie, 1899, and Lissonycteris Andersen, 1912. M. relicta is probably a forest species and, as such, restricted to isolated East African forests.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, East Africa, Myonycteris relicta sp. nov., Pteropodidae, systematics, Tanzania, taxonomy, zoogeography}, url = {Bergmans 1980.pdf http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/319404}, author = {Bergmans, W.} } @inbook {4843, title = {The past and present status of the mammals of Maputaland}, booktitle = {Studies on the Ecology of Maputaland}, year = {1980}, month = {1980}, pages = {322-345}, publisher = {Rhodes University \& Natal Branch of the Wildlife Society of Southern Africa, Durban}, organization = {Rhodes University \& Natal Branch of the Wildlife Society of Southern Africa, Durban}, address = {Grahamstown \& Durban}, keywords = {[Chaerephon pumilus] Tadarida pumila, [Mops condylurus] Tadarida condylura, [Neoromicia nana] Pipistrellus nanus, [Neoromicia] Eptesicus capensis, Chiroptera, Eidolon helvum, Epomophorus wahlbergi, Glauconycteris variegata, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros caffer, Kerivoula argentata, Kerivoula lanosa, Mammalia, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus schreibersi, Molossidae, Nycteridae, Nycteris hispida, Nycteris thebaica, Pteropodidae, Scotophilus nigrita, South Africa, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Rautenbach, I. L. and Skinner, J. D. and Nel, J. A. J.}, editor = {Bruton, M. N. and Cooper, K. H.} } @article {4284, title = {Prey selection by the slit-faced bat Nycteris thebaica (Chiroptera: Nycteridae) in Natal, South Africa}, journal = {Biotropica}, volume = {12}, number = {4}, year = {1980}, month = {1980}, pages = {241-246}, abstract = {During much of the year, foraging slit-faced bats (N. thebaica) in Natal preyed mainly on Orthoptera, especially katydids, crickets and cockroaches. At times, substantial quantities of Lepidoptera, Isoptera, Homoptera and Coleoptera were also taken. Slit-faced bats prefer insects characterized by large body size, abundance and ease of location and capture. Many of these are captured while stationary or at least when at rest rather than in flight.}, keywords = {activity patterns, Beutespektrum, Chiroptera, diet, feeding habits, Flederm{\"a}use, foraging, Nahrung, Nahrungswahl, Nycteridae, Nycteris thebaica, opportunistic feeder, South Africa}, author = {LaVal, R. K. and LaVal, M. L.} } @article {3040, title = {Reproductive cycles of Miniopterus schreibersi natalensis (Kuhl, 1819) and Miniopterus fraterculus Thomas and Schwann, 1906}, journal = {Ann. Transv. Mus.}, volume = {32}, number = {3}, year = {1980}, month = {1980b}, pages = {55-64}, abstract = {The reproductive cycles of Miniopterus schreibersi and Miniopterus fraterculus were investigated histologically using specimens collected in the Natal Midlands (c. 29{\textdegree}S - 30{\textdegree}15{\textquoteright}S).In both species the gestation period was extended by a period of delayed implantation. In M. fraterculus the period of delayed implantation was two-and-a-half months, one-and-a-half months shorter than this period in M. schreibersi. In both species the period of active fetal growth was approximately four months.Copulation in M. schreibersi from the Natal Midlands began one month after copulation in the same species from southern and northern Transvaal (c. 25{\textdegree}S and c. 24{\textdegree}S), and it is suggested that this is the result of summer in the Transvaal ending approximately one month earlier than in the Natal Midlands.On the basis of the reproductive cycle and winter behaviour, the difference between the reproductive cycles of M. schreibersi and M. fraterculus is explained by suggesting that M. fraterculus migrated southwards from the tropics after M. schreibersi, that M. fraterculus has a shorter history at southern latitudes, and as such its reproductive cycle is intermediate between that of M. schreibersi from the same latitude, and the typical tropical reproductive pattern.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, copulation, delayed implantation, gestation period, histology, latitude, migration, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus fraterculus, Miniopterus natalensis, reproduction, South Africa}, author = {Bernard, R. T. F.} } @article {4650, title = {Roosting, social organization and the annual cycle in a Kenya population of the bat Pipistrellus nanus}, journal = {Z. Tierpsychol.}, volume = {53}, number = {2}, year = {1980}, month = {1980}, pages = {171-195}, abstract = {The tiny (3.1-3.8 g) vespertilionid bat Pipistrellus nanus was studied in Kenya palm-thatched roofs from May 1973-July 1974. Roosting social organization and related activities and behavior are described. Males held diurnal roosting territories where females gathered in small and compositionally labile groups, attracted to the most vocal males. Annual variation in population-wide aspects of social organization follows predictable seasonal changes in climate and predator abundance. Variability between individuals follows a common mammalian pattern: high male competition for females, variance in presumed male reproductive success, and a mating system resembling one based on resource defense polygyny. Social organization in this population contrasts with that known from studies of other P. nanus populations.}, keywords = {acoustic communication, activity patterns, Cardioderma cor, Chiroptera, competition, courtship behaviour, East Africa, ecology, Flederm{\"a}use, habitat preferences, Hangpl{\"a}tze, Kenya, Mammalia, mate choice, mating preferences, mating success, mating systems, Megadermatidae, Neoromicia nana, predation, reproduction, seasonality, social behaviour, social organization, territoriality, torpor, Vespertilionidae}, url = {O{\textquoteright}Shea 1980.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.1980.tb01048.x}, author = {O{\textquoteright}Shea, T. J.} } @article {4226, title = {Schlaf-Lethargie bei dem afrikanischen Langzungenflughund Megaloglossus woermanni Pagenstecher, 1885}, journal = {Z. S{\"a}ugetierk.}, volume = {45}, number = {1}, year = {1980}, month = {1980}, pages = {23-29}, keywords = {activity patterns, Central Africa, Chiroptera, energetics, Gabon, Megaloglossus woermanni, Pteropodidae, roosting behaviour, thermoregulation, torpor}, author = {Kulzer, E. and Storf, R.} } @book {4744, title = {The Small Mammals of the Kruger National Park (A Check List and Atlas)}, year = {1980}, month = {1980}, pages = {149}, publisher = {National Parks Board of South Africa}, organization = {National Parks Board of South Africa}, address = {Johannesburg}, keywords = {Chiroptera, distribution, Kruger-National Park, Mammalia, South Africa}, author = {Pienaar, U. d. V. and Rautenbach, I. L. and de Graaff, G.} } @article {4881, title = {Small mammals of Togo and Benin. I. Chiroptera}, journal = {Mammalia}, volume = {44}, number = {1}, year = {1980}, month = {1980}, pages = {83-88}, abstract = {Bats collected by members of the Smithsonian African Mammal Project in Togo and Benin are listed. Three species reported are new for Togo (Hypsignathus monstrosus, Taphozous nudiventris and Tadarida nigeriae). This list includes the 1st account given for the bat fauna of Benin (Nycteris major, N. thebaica, Pipistrellus inexspectatus, Eptesicus guineensis, Scotoecus albofuscus, S. hirundo, Scotophilus leucogaster and Tadarida nanula). Problems regarding taxonomic determinations in Scotoecus and nomenclatural problems concerning species of Scotophilus are discussed.}, keywords = {[Chaerephon pumilus] Tadarida pumila, [Chaerephon] Tadarida major, [Chaerephon] Tadarida nigeriae, [Glauconycteris] Chalinolobus poensis, [Glauconycteris] Chalinolobus variegata, [Mops condylurus] Tadarida condylura, [Mops nanulus] Tadarida nanula, [Neoromicia nana] Pipistrellus nanus, [Neoromicia] Eptesicus capensis, [Neoromicia] Eptesicus guineensis, [Neoromicia] Eptesicus rendalli, [Nycticeinops schlieffenii] Nycticeius schlieffeni, Benin, biodiversity, Chiroptera, Eidolon helvum, Emballonuridae, Epomophorus gambianus, Epomops franqueti strepitans, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros caffer tephrus, Hipposideros commersoni gigas, Hipposideros cyclops, Hipposideros ruber guineensis, Hypsignathus monstrosus, Lavia frons, Lissonycteris angolensis smithi, Mammalia, Megadermatidae, Micropteropus pusillus, Molossidae, morphology, Nycteridae, Nycteris gambiensis, Nycteris grandis, Nycteris hispida, Nycteris macrotis, Nycteris major [N. macrotis], Nycteris thebaica, Pipistrellus inexspectatus, Pipistrellus nanulus, Pteropodidae, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus fumigatus, Rhinolophus landeri, Scotoecus albofuscus, Scotoecus hirundo, Scotophilus dinganii, Scotophilus leucogaster, Scotophilus nigritellus, species richness, systematics, Taphozous mauritianus, Taphozous nudiventris, taxonomy, Togo, Vespertilionidae, West Africa, zoogeography}, author = {Robbins, C. B.} } @article {3417, title = {Spinturnicid mites from some Nigerian bats (Acarina, Spinturnicidae)}, journal = {Bull. zool. Mus. Univ. Amsterdam}, volume = {7}, number = {7}, year = {1980}, note = {See Bergmans 1977}, month = {1980}, pages = {65-72}, abstract = {Five species of mites belonging to 3 genera of the family Spinturnicidae are reported from 6 spp. of bats (Eidolon helvum helvum, Micropteropus pusillus, Hypsignathus monstrosus, Myotis bocagei cupreolus, Scotophilus nigrita and S. dinganii) in Nigeria. The species are Meristaspis kenyaensis (Radford), Ancystropus aethiopicus Hirst, Spinturnix walkerae Zumpt \& Till, S. scotophili repens ssp. nov. and S. intectus sp. nov. Male and female specimens of the 2 new taxa are fully described and figured. Zoogeographical and taxonomic implications are discussed.}, keywords = {Acari, Ancystropus aethiopicus, Arachnida, Artenzahl, Chiroptera, ectoparasites, Eidolon helvum, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, Hypsignathus monstrosus, Mammalia, Meristaspis kenyaensis, Micropteropus pusillus, morphology, Myotis bocagii cupreola, Nigeria, parasitism, Pteropodidae, Scotophilus dinganii, Scotophilus nigrita, species description, Spinturnicidae, Spinturnix intectus sp. nov., Spinturnix scotophili repens ssp. nov., Spinturnix walkerae, systematics, taxonomy, Vespertilionidae, West Africa}, author = {Dusb{\'a}bek, F. and Bergmans, W.} } @article {3900, title = {The status of Vespertilio borbonicus E. Geoffroy, 1803 (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)}, journal = {Zool. Meded.}, volume = {55}, number = {24}, year = {1980}, month = {1980b}, pages = {287-295}, abstract = {The taxonomic history of Scotophilus borbonicus (E. Geoffroy, 1803) from R{\'e}union Island is reviewed and summarised, with the designation of a lectotype. The insular form that it represents is considered conspecific with the small Scotophilus viridis (Peters, 1852) of southern Africa. As a result, Scotophilus borbonicus becomes the valid name for this species, and will also replace Scotophilus leucogaster (Cretzschmar, 1830), if the small members of the genus from more northerly localities in Africa are united with their southern congeners.}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, Indian Ocean, lectotype, Scotophilus borbonicus, Scotophilus leucogaster, Scotophilus viridis, systematics, taxonomy, Vespertilionidae}, url = {Hill 1980b.pdf http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/318407}, author = {Hill, J. Edwards} } @article {5066, title = {Tooth eruption in known age specimens of Epomophorus wahlbergi}, journal = {S. Afr. J. Wildl. Res.}, volume = {10}, number = {3-4}, year = {1980}, month = {1980}, pages = {112-117}, abstract = {Descriptions of the deciduous and permanent dentition, dental development and variations in ages of eruption in 14 known age specimens of Epomophorus wahlbergi are presented. Tables showing the relationship between tooth eruption and age from birth to 14 weeks are given and the use of these as an age determination technique is discussed.}, keywords = {Africa, age, Chiroptera, dentition, Epomophorus wahlbergi, morphology, Pteropodidae, teeth}, author = {Sowler, S. G.} } @article {4306, title = {Un chiropt{\`e}re emballonurid{\'e} dans le N{\'e}og{\`e}ne d{\textquoteright}Europe occidentale; consid{\'e}rations pal{\'e}obiog{\'e}ographiques}, journal = {Geobios}, volume = {13}, number = {6}, year = {1980}, month = {1980}, pages = {839-847}, abstract = {The occurrence of an emballonurid bat is revealed within the micromammalian fauna found at the Lower Miocene locality of Port-la-Nouvelle (Aude). The material is described, and the comparison with homologous elements of fossil and living Emballonuridae indicates a modern character of the teeth. This species could be related to the recent genus Taphozous. Therefore, a new family is added to the Western European mammalian Neogene fauna; and the Neogene geographical area of this family, previously limited to East Africa, is now extended to Europe.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Emballonuridae, Europe, fossils, France, Lower Miocene, palaeontology, Taphozous sp., Tertiary}, author = {Legendre, S.} } @article {4684, title = {Utilization of [2-14C]tetrahydropteroylglutamic acid and 5-[G-3H]methyltetrahydropteroylglutamic acid as substrates for folate polyglutamate synthesis in fruit bats: Effect of vitamin B-12-deficiency}, journal = {Biochimica et Biophysica Acta}, volume = {629}, number = {3}, year = {1980}, month = {1980}, pages = {566-576}, abstract = {[2-14C]Tetrahydropteroylglutamic acid and 5-[G-3H]methyltetrahydropteroylglutamic acid were given intraperitoneally to fruit bats. Folate polyglutamates were formed in the liver from both substrates in different amounts and at different rates. The methylfolate pool appeared to remain separate from the tetrahydrofolate pool. More polyglutamate was formed from tetrahydropteroylglutamic acid than from 5-methyltetrahydropteroylglutamic acid. There was a fall in the folate content of the liver in the vitamin B-12-deficient bat and a more rapid incorporation of folates into polyglutamates but thereafter a more rapid loss of the labelled folate from liver.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, metabolism, physiology, Pteropodidae, Rousettus aegyptiacus leachii, South Africa, vitamins}, url = {Perry et al. 1980.pdf http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0304416580901622}, author = {Perry, J. and Lumb, M. and Van Der Westhuyzen, J. and Fernandes-Costa, F. and Metz, J. and Chanarin, I.} } @article {4154, title = {Zwei Flederm{\"a}use neu f{\"u}r Pakistan (Mammalia: Chiroptera)}, journal = {Senckenbergiana biol.}, volume = {61}, number = {1/2}, year = {1980}, month = {1980}, pages = {1-9}, keywords = {Africa, Arabia, Chiroptera, distribution, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, Hipposideridae, Mammalia, morphology, Palaearctic, Rhinopoma muscatellum, Rhinopomatidae, systematics, taxonomy, Triaenops persicus, Verbreitung}, author = {Kock, D. and Felten, H.} } @article {4597, title = {Body temperature, oxygen consumption, noradrenaline response and cardiovascular adaptations in the flying fox, Rousettus aegyptiacus}, journal = {Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A}, volume = {63}, number = {1}, year = {1979}, month = {1979a}, pages = {79-88}, abstract = {1. Rousettus aegyptiacus show distinct circadian rhythms of body temperature, oxygen consumption and heart rate.2. Basal metabolic rate (0.84 ml/g per hr) and minimal conductance (0.073 ml/g per hr C) are only 85 and 89\% respectively, of the mass-specific values.3. Body temperature and lower critical temperature do not change after cold-acclimation: however. minimal conductance decreases for 25\% and basal metabolic rate increases.4. Non-shivering thermogenesis is studied by several methods.5. The thermoregulatory response of noradrenaline and its effect on the respiratory quotient are discussed.6. The cardiovascular adaptations are examined by resting heart rate, heart length, hemoglobin concentrations, hematocrit ratios and oxygen pulse.}, keywords = {basal metabolic rate, blood, BMR, Chiroptera, physiology, Pteropodidae, Rousettus aegyptiacus, thermoregulation}, url = {Noll 1979a.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0300-9629(79)90631-5}, author = {Noll, U. G.} } @article {4683, title = {Characterization of endogenous folate and incorporation of labelled folates into the brain of the South African fruit bat}, journal = {Biochimica et Biophysica Acta}, volume = {586}, number = {3}, year = {1979}, month = {1979}, pages = {632-636}, abstract = {Folate in the brain of the South African fruit bat consists of 10-formyltetrahydropteroylglutamic acid and the tri-, tetra- and penta- forms of 5-methyltetrahydropteroylglutamic acid. Following parenteral injection, only 5-[3H]-methyltetrahydropteroylglutamic acid was taken up by the brain, but none of a dose of 14C-labelled tetrahydropteroylglutamic acid was detectable. Only trace amounts of the 5-methyltetrahydropteroylglutamic acid were converted into the formyl compounds and a small amount of methyltetrahydropteroyltriglutamic acid appeared after 96 h. There was no significant difference in vitamin B-12-deficient animals.}, keywords = {brain, Chiroptera, metabolism, physiology, Pteropodidae, Rousettus aegyptiacus leachii, South Africa}, url = {Perry et al. 1979.pdf http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0304416579900540}, author = {Perry, J. and Lumb, M. and Van Der Westhuyzen, J. and Fernandes-Costa, F. and Metz, J. and Chanarin, I.} } @article {5059, title = {Check List and Atlas of the Mammals of Zimbabwe Rhodesia}, journal = {Mus. Mem., Salisbury}, volume = {9}, year = {1979}, month = {1979}, pages = {193 pp}, keywords = {[Chaerephon bivittatus] Tadarida bivittata, [Chaerephon pumilus] Tadarida pumila, [Chaerephon] Tadarida ansorgei, [Chaerephon] Tadarida chapini shortridgei, [Chaerephon] Tadarida nigeriae spillmanni, [Lissonycteris] Rousettus angolensis, [Mops condylurus] Tadarida condylura, [Mops] Tadarida midas, [Neoromicia nana] Pipistrellus nanus, [Neoromicia] Eptesicus capensis, [Neoromicia] Eptesicus zuluensis, [Nycticeinops schlieffenii] Nycticeius schlieffeni australis, Chiroptera, Cloeotis percivali australis, distribution, Eidolon helvum, Emballonuridae, Epomophorus crypturus, Epomophorus gambianus parvus [crypturus], Epomophorus wahlbergi, Epomops dobsoni, Eptesicus hottentotus bensoni, Glauconycteris variegata, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros caffer, Hipposideros commersoni marungensis [vittatus], Kerivoula argentata, Kerivoula harrisoni lucia [lanosa], Laephotis botswanae, Mammalia, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus fraterculus, Miniopterus inflatus rufus, Miniopterus schreibersi natalensis, Molossidae, Myotis bocagei, Myotis tricolor, Myotis welwitschii, Nycteridae, Nycteris grandis, Nycteris hispida villosa, Nycteris macrotis oriana, Nycteris thebaica capensis, Nycteris woodi sabiensis, Otomops martiensseni, Pipistrellus kuhli subtilis [hesperidus], Pipistrellus rueppelli, Pipistrellus rusticus, Pteropodidae, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus blasii empusa, Rhinolophus clivosus zuluensis, Rhinolophus darlingi, Rhinolophus denti, Rhinolophus fumigatus, Rhinolophus hildebrandti, Rhinolophus landeri lobatus, Rhinolophus simulator, Rhinolophus swinnyi, Rousettus aegyptiacus leachi, Sauromys petrophilus, Scotophilus gigas [nigrita], Scotophilus leucogaster, Scotophilus nigrita dingani [dinganii], Southern Africa, Tadarida aegyptiaca, Tadarida fulminans mastersoni, Tadarida lobata, Taphozous mauritianus, Taphozous perforatus rhodesiae, taxonomy, Triaenops persicus afer, Vespertilionidae, Zimbabwe}, author = {Smithers, R. H. N. and Wilson, V. J.} } @article {3429, title = {Distribution and systematic relationship of Tadarida bivittata and Tadarida ansorgei (Chiroptera: Molossidae)}, journal = {Can. J. Zool.}, volume = {57}, number = {10}, year = {1979}, month = {1979}, pages = {1887-1895}, abstract = {Morphologically similar Tadarida bivittata and T. ansorgei inhabit dry, woodland savannah areas of central Africa, where they are partially sympatric. Specimens of these species were divided into population samples based on geographic proximity. Multivariate analysis of variance indicated that both species are sexually dimorphic. Results of principle components analysis illustrated interspecific differences. In areas of sympatry, specimens were subjected to discriminant analysis to confirm their identity. Based on this analysis, classification functions are provided as a useful aid for identifying the two species.}, keywords = {Africa, Chaerephon ansorgei, Chaerephon bivittatus, Chiroptera, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, Mammalia, Molossidae, morphology, systematics, taxonomy, Verbreitung, zoogeography}, url = {Eger \& Peterson 1979.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z79-251}, author = {Eger, J. L. and Peterson, R. L.} } @article {4639, title = {Diurnal variations of the glycogen and fat stores in the liver and breast muscle of the insect bat, Tadarida nigeriae}, journal = {Physiol. Behav.}, volume = {23}, number = {4}, year = {1979}, month = {1979}, pages = {659-661}, abstract = {A study of the glycogen and fat stores in the liver and breast muscle of the insect bat, Tadarida nigeriae was carried out in relation to their roosting and feeding behaviour. Glycogen concentration in the liver increased at mid-day but dropped precipitously in the evening. Muscle glycogen increased two-fold in the evening. Liver and muscle fat increased markedly at mid-day, but while liver fat dropped considerably in the evening, muscle rat remained unchanged. These results are discussed in comparison with those previously reported for the fruit bat, Eidolon helvum.}, keywords = {activity patterns, Chaerephon nigeriae, Chiroptera, diet, Flederm{\"a}use, liver, Molossidae, muscles, Nigeria, physiology, West Africa}, url = {Okon \& Ekanem 1979.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9384(79)90156-2}, author = {Okon, E. E. and Ekanem, R. J.} } @article {3749, title = {Echolocation and obstacle avoidance in the hipposiderid bat Asellia tridens}, journal = {J. Comp. Physiol. A}, volume = {131}, number = {2}, year = {1979}, month = {1979}, pages = {161-167}, abstract = {The echolocation sounds of the hipposiderid bat Asellia tridens consist of a constant frequency (cf) component followed by a frequency modulated (fm) terminal downward sweep of 19-21 kHz. The cf-part constitutes about 7/10 of the entire signal. In individual roosting animals the frequencies of the cf-part of consecutive sounds (resting frequency) is kept very constant but varies from bat to bat. In 18 Asellia tridens resting frequencies between 111-124 kHz have been measured. The sound duration in roosting and free flying bats is between 7-10 ms. In the approach and terminal phase of bats landing on a perch or flying through obstacles, the sound duration is reduced and the repetition rate increased the nearer the bat approaches the target. At the end of the terminal phase sound durations of a minimum of 3 ms have been measured. Flying bats lower their emission frequency in order to compensate for Doppler shifts caused by the flight movement. The echofrequency is therefore kept constant about 150-200 Hz above the resting frequency. In flights through obstacles consisting of vertically stretched wires with different diameters, the bats were able to avoid wires down to a diameter of 0.065 mm whereas at 0.05 mm the percentage of flights without collisions is far below the chance level. The results demonstrate that the echolocation behavior of the hipposiderid bat Asellia tridens does not differ fundamentally from that of rhinolophid bats. As a result, a new suggestion for categorization of bats producing cf-fm orientation sounds is put forward.}, keywords = {Asellia tridens, CF-echolocation, Chiroptera, Hipposideridae, North Africa, physiology, Tunisia}, url = {Gustafson \& Schnitzler 1979.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00619076}, author = {Gustafson, Y. and Schnitzler, H.-U.} } @article {3613, title = {Ecology of the straw-coloured fruit bat in Nigeria}, journal = {Rev. Zool. Afr.}, volume = {93}, number = {3}, year = {1979}, month = {1979}, pages = {589-600}, abstract = {Straw-colored fruit bats are found in isolated colonies comprising millions of individuals in many parts of south-western Nigeria. Roosts are usually situated in groves and thickets close to human habitation, local shrines and marshy areas, which offer sanctuary to the bats. The trees most favored for roosting were those that project above the surrounding vegetation. The straw-colored fruit bat is nocturnal, feeding mainly between 19:00 and 06:30 h. The diet consists almost exclusively of a variety of ripe succulent fruits and floral parts. Mating and fertilization occur mainly in May to July with about 57-91\% of females being pregnant in a breeding season but the fertilized egg does not get implanted until about Nov.-Dec. Young are born in March to May at 39-60 g body wt. Each mother continuously carries about her single baby until June or July when the baby is weaned at 120-150 g body wt. E. helvum is important in the local economy as its roosting activities cause extensive mechanical damage to some economically important trees like oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) and Iroko (Chlorophora excelsa). Consumption of fruits like mango, pawpaw, guava, plantain and banana cause yield losses and qualitative devaluation of many fruits. Feces from thousands of bats cause much filth and stench in the environment of some roosts and beneath feeding trees while the clamour of bats in roosts or while feeding near human habitation is very exasperating. Bats are an important item of the diet in all localities where they occur. They also serve as pollinating agents for a number of trees in the families Moraceae and Bombaceae.}, keywords = {activity patterns, behaviour, Chiroptera, Cyclopodia greeffi, diet, ecology, Eidolon helvum, feeding habits, foraging, frugivory, habitat preferences, Hangpl{\"a}tze, Nahrungsspektrum, Nahrungswahl, Nigeria, parasites, Pteropodidae, roosting behaviour, West Africa}, author = {Funmilayo, O.} } @article {4138, title = {Epauletten-Flughunde, Glieder eines tropischen {\"o}kosystems.}, journal = {Vivarium Darmstadt}, volume = {1979}, number = {1}, year = {1979}, month = {1979}, pages = {8-13}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, diet, ecology, feeding habits, foraging, frugivory, Nahrung, Nahrungsspektrum, nectarivory, pollination, Pteropodidae, seed dispersal}, author = {Kock, D.} } @article {3025, title = {First records of Epomops dobsonii (Bocage, 1889) from Tanzania and Rwanda, with a note on its size range (Mammalia, Megachiroptera)}, journal = {Z. S{\"a}ugetierk.}, volume = {44}, number = {4}, year = {1979}, month = {1979b}, pages = {239-240}, keywords = {Chiroptera, East Africa, Epomops dobsonii, Mammalia, morphology, Pteropodidae, Rwanda, systematics, Tanzania, taxonomy}, author = {Bergmans, W.} } @article {5009, title = {Fiscal shrike predation on the bat Pipistrellus kuhli in Kenya}, journal = {Biotropica}, volume = {11}, number = {1}, year = {1979}, month = {1979}, pages = {21}, keywords = {Aves, Chiroptera, East Africa, Kenya, Lanius collaris, Pipistrellus kuhli fuscatus [hesperidus], predation, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Schwan, T. G. and Hikes, N.} } @article {5329, title = {Foetal growth curves and seasonal breeding in the Natal clinging bat Miniopterus schreibersi natalensis}, journal = {S. Afr. J. Zool.}, volume = {14}, number = {1}, year = {1979}, month = {1979a}, pages = {17-21}, abstract = {Growth of the foetus of Miniopterus schreibersi natalensis is described. The gestation period in this subspecies is 240 days of which 120 days is the period of delayed implantation. Birth mass is taken as 2.7 g from measurements of near-term foetuses. Foetal growth follows a typical J-shaped curve during the last half of the gestation period. Young of M. s. natalensis are proportionately lighter at birth than many other mammals.}, keywords = {body mass, Chiroptera, delayed implantation, gestation, growth, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus natalensis, reproduction, South Africa}, author = {van der Merwe, M.} } @article {5328, title = {Growth of ovarian follicles in the Natal clinging bat}, journal = {S. Afr. J. Zool.}, volume = {14}, number = {3}, year = {1979}, month = {1979b}, pages = {111-117}, abstract = {Growth and atresia of the ovarian follicles of Miniopterus schreibersi natalensis (A. Smith, 1834) were studied from females collected on the southern Transvaal Highveld. In this hibernating subspecies no storage of sperm or delayed ovulation occur and females enter hibernation in a pregnant condition. Only one Graafian follicle develops, which is characterized by a large antrum with the ovum-bearing mass of cells occupying only a relatively small portion of the antrum. Many follicles develop to a medium size before undergoing regression. Basically two types of regression occur; usually destruction of the stratum granulosum takes place before the oocyte is affected. The reverse condition was also observed but was very uncommon. Corpora lutea atretica resulting from the luteinization of medium-sized Graafian follicles were commonly found.}, keywords = {anatomy, Chiroptera, hibernation, histology, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus natalensis, reproduction, South Africa}, author = {van der Merwe, M.} } @article {4391, title = {Histology of the neck {\textquoteleft}glandular{\textquoteright} skin patch in Eidolon helvum, Rousettus aegyptiacus and R. angolensis (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae)}, journal = {Afr. J. Ecol.}, volume = {17}, number = {3}, year = {1979}, month = {1979}, pages = {159-164}, abstract = {The histology of the neck {\textquoteleft}glandular{\textquoteright} skin patch has been examined in three pteropodid bat species, Eidolon helvum, Rousettus aegyptiacus and R. angolensis. In E. helvum the neck skin patch contains a large sebaceous gland complex, which is better developed and more active in males than in females.A comparable area in R. aegyptiacus contains rather non-specialized sebaceous gland alveoli in association with hair follicles and which are more active in males than in females. In R. angolensis the brush-like hair of the neck skin patch is much longer and coarser in the male than in the female, but in neither sex was the skin patch glandular.On the basis of histological observations, the neck skin patch in E. helvum would appear to be important for scent emission while in R. aegyptiacus, the same structure would be less so. In R. angolensis, the neck skin patch, though covered by longer brush-like hair than in other species, contained almost no glandular tissue and perhaps functions to provide visual rather than olfactory behavioural cues.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, East Africa, glands, Lissonycteris angolensis, olfactory communication, Pteropodidae, scent, Tanzania}, url = {Mainoya \& Howell 1979.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2028.1979.tb00251.x}, author = {Mainoya, J. R. and Howell, K. M.} } @article {4965, title = {Haemolaelaps (Acarina: Laelapidae) of the northwest Ethiopian Region}, journal = {Internat. J. Acarol.}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, year = {1979}, month = {1979}, pages = {39-62}, abstract = {Haemolaelaps fauna include 23 species, 10 of which are new: bellasoma (Ivory Coast), caurinus (Ivory Coast), chaetospinicus (Ghana), crocidura (Ivory Coast), desmodilliscus (Upper Volta), ebsi (Upper Volta), malachela (Ivory Coast), parahirsti (Mauritania), sikapusi (Ghana) and taterakempi (Ghana). Numerical taxonomic and multivariate analyses are presented for taxa clustering and variation analysis. A key to the females is provided.}, keywords = {[Chaerephon pumilus] Tadarida pumila, [Lissonycteris] Rousettus angolensis, Acari, Arachnida, Benin, Burkina Faso, Chiroptera, ectoparasites, Epomophorus gambianus, Epomops franqueti, Ghana, Haemolaelaps bellasoma sp. nov., Haemolaelaps caurinus sp. nov., Haemolaelaps chaetospinicus sp. nov., Haemolaelaps crocidura sp. nov., Haemolaelaps desmodilliscus sp. nov., Haemolaelaps ebsi sp. nov., Haemolaelaps malachela sp. nov., Haemolaelaps parahirsti sp. nov., Haemolaelaps sikapusi sp. nov., Haemolaelaps taterakempi sp. nov., identification key, Ivory Coast, Laelapidae, Lipotyphla, Mammalia, Mauritania, Molossidae, Nigeria, Nycteridae, Nycteris thebaica, parasitism, Pteropodidae, Rodentia, Senegal, Soricidae, Togo, West Africa}, url = {Sakamoto et al. 1979.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01647957908683166}, author = {Sakamoto, C. J. and Jorgensen, C. D. and Herrin, C. S.} } @article {3563, title = {The influence of moth hearing on bat echolocation strategies}, journal = {J. Comp. Physiol. A}, volume = {132}, number = {1}, year = {1979}, month = {1979}, pages = {77-86}, abstract = {The ears of moths (Spilosoma virginica, S. congrua, Halysidota caryae, Desmeocraera graminosa, Balacra inflammata, Rhodogastria vitrea, Caryatis phileta, Estigmene unilinea, S. penicillata, Geolyces convexaria, Colocleora potaenia, Miantochora venerata, M. interrupta, Megadrepana cinerea and Anaphe ambrizia) tested in Canada and C{\^o}te d{\textquoteright}Ivoire (Ivory Coast) are most sensitive to sounds between 20 and 40 kHz, and much less sensitive to sound over 65 kHz. The insectivorous bats (Myotis lucifugus, Pipistrellus nanus, Nycteris macrotis, Hipposideros ruber and Rhinolophus landeri) most commonly encountered in these (and other) locations use high intensity, frequency modulated echolocation calls with frequency components in the 20-40 kHz range, marking them detectable by the most sensitive tympanate moths up to 40 m away. In Africa, bats such as species in the Nycteridae, Megadermatidae and some in the Hipposideridae, use low intensity calls with high frequency components, and these species are not detectable by moths at over 2 m. The hearing ability of moths may significantly influence the feeding efficiency of bats, and changes in the intensity and frequency components of bat echolocation calls can drastically reduce the range at which bats are detected, and thus the time available to the moths for evasive behavior. The use of low intensity, high frequency echolocation calls may constitute a bat counter-maneuver against insects tuned to bat calls.}, keywords = {Africa, allotonic frequency hypothesis, Beuteortung, Beutespektrum, Chaerephon bivittatus, Chaerephon chapini, Chaerephon nigeriae, Chiroptera, diet, echolocation, ecology, Emballonuridae, evolution, feeding habits, Flederm{\"a}use, foraging, Glauconycteris variegata, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros abae, Hipposideros caffer, Hipposideros commersoni, Hipposideros cyclops, Hipposideros ruber, Insecta, Ivory Coast, Laephotis angolensis, Lepidoptera, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus schreibersii, Molossidae, Mops condylurus, moths, Myopterus daubentonii, Myotis welwitschii, Nahrungsspektrum, Nahrungswahl, Neoromicia capensis, Neoromicia nanus, Nycteridae, Nycteris arge, Nycteris macrotis, Nycteris thebaica, Nycteris woodi, Nycticeinops schlieffenii, Pipistrellus kuhlii, Pipistrellus rueppellii, Pipistrellus rusticus, predation pressure, predator avoidance, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus clivosus, Rhinolophus denti, Rhinolophus fumigatus, Rhinolophus hildebrandtii, Rhinolophus landeri, Saccolaimus peli, Scotoecus albofuscus, Scotophilus dinganii, Scotophilus nigrita, Scotophilus viridis, Tadarida aegyptiaca, Vespertilionidae, Zimbabwe}, author = {Fenton, M. B. and Fullard, J. H.} } @article {3085, title = {Kommentierte Liste einer S{\"a}ugetier-Aufsammlung aus dem Senegal}, journal = {Bonn. zool. Beitr.}, volume = {29}, number = {4}, year = {1979}, month = {1979 [for 1978]}, pages = {303-322}, abstract = {During a three-months-excursion to Senegal 290 smaller mammals representing 39 species have been collected. From the reported ecological and faunistical data only the last named are summarized here.Gerbillus pyramidum is recorded for the first time from Senegal representing also the first record of the genus for this country. Two further species were recorded for the second time: Rhinolophus guineensis (raised to specific rank in this paper) and Hipposideros cyclops.Considering the aspect of faunal history the species discussed here can be grouped into three categories:1. Species distributed throughout the savanna belt from the Red Sea to the Atlantic Ocean. The relatively recent date of invasion into the study area is documented by the existence of taxonomically difficult species complexes conclusive for the fact that their speciation process is not yet finished.2. Species formerly continuously distributed throughout the Saharan region to North Africa, the area of which has been interrupted by the desertification. Examples given here are: Asellia tridens, Gerbillus pyramidum, Lemniscomys barbarus, Mastomys erythroleucus and Lepus whytei. The latter is discussed more extensively as regards to its recent distribution also in Northern Algeria. The relatively recent date of disjunction is documented by the conspecifity of the mentioned forms.3. A last group can be characterised as relict group containing forest species. They are mostly well definable species thus supporting the view that they are older forms which have passed through their speciation phase earlier than the savanna forms of group 1.: Rhinolophus guineensis, Hipposideros cyclops, Heliosciurus rufobrachium and Funisciurus anerythrus.}, keywords = {[Chaerephon pumilus] Tadarida (Chaerephon) pumila, [Mops condylurus] Tadarida (Mops) condylura, Asellia tridens, biodiversity, Carnivora, Chiroptera, distribution, ecology, Epomophorus gambianus, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, Gerbillus pyramidum, habitat preferences, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros cyclops, Lavia frons, Mammalia, Megadermatidae, Micropteropus pusillus, Molossidae, morphology, Nycteridae, Nycteris gambiensis, Nycteris macrotis, Primates, Pteropodidae, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus guineensis nov. stat., Rodentia, Senegal, Soricomorpha, species richness, systematics, taxonomy, Verbreitung, West Africa}, author = {B{\"o}hme, W. and Hutterer, R.} } @article {4095, title = {Microvilli of the intestinal mucosal cells of Rousettus aegyptiacus}, journal = {S. Afr. J. Zool.}, volume = {14}, number = {4}, year = {1979}, month = {1979}, pages = {220-223}, abstract = {The microvilli in the small intestine of the bat are very long and slender when compared with those in the rat. This morphology results in the absorption surface per unit area in the bat being three times greater than in the rat. No difference could be observed between the thickness of the plasma membrane of the microvilli and the plasma membrane of the rest of the cell. The terminal web, {\textquoteright}fuzz{\textquoteright} and the filaments in the microvilli are all poorly developed in the bat.}, keywords = {anatomy, assimilation, Chiroptera, digestion, histology, intestine, Pteropodidae, Rousettus aegyptiacus, ultrastructure}, author = {Keegan, D. J. and M{\"o}dinger, R.} } @article {5313, title = {Morphology of the basisphenoid pits and related structures of the bat Otomops martiensseni (Chiroptera: Molossidae)}, journal = {R. Ontario Mus. Life Sci. Contrib.}, number = {119}, year = {1979}, month = {1979}, pages = {1-19}, abstract = {The morphology and histology of the basisphenoid pits were studied in the bat Otomops martiensseni (Chiroptera: Molossidae). The pits are deep and well-defined bony cavities located posteriorly in the nasal pharynx. They are juxtaposed to the opening between the nasal and laryngeal pharynges and anatomically communicate with the middle ear through the auditory tube. Basisphenoid pits may function as resonating chambers for sound waves emitted by the larynx, but experimental research is needed to determine their importance in the sonar system.}, keywords = {Africa, anatomy, Chiroptera, cranium, histology, Molossidae, morphology, Otomops martiensseni, skull}, author = {Valdivieso, D. and Peterson, R. L. and Tamsitt, J. R.} } @article {3947, title = {Natural destruction of kaolin mine bat roosts in Tanzania}, journal = {Bat Research News}, volume = {20}, number = {1}, year = {1979}, month = {1979}, pages = {8}, keywords = {Chiroptera, day roosts, East Africa, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros ruber, Nycteridae, Nycteris thebaica, roosting, Tanzania}, author = {Howell, K. M.} } @article {3335, title = {Note on the smaller mammals of the Hester Malan Nature Reserve, Springbok, Namaqualand}, journal = {S. Afr. J. Zool.}, volume = {14}, number = {2}, year = {1979}, month = {1979}, pages = {85-89}, abstract = {A survey of the smaller mammals of the Hester Malan Nature Reserve resulted in a checklist as well as information on the habitat in which the mammals occurred. Of the 38 species listed, 31 were collected or seen in the Reserve and seven on the neighbouring farms and surrounding district.}, keywords = {Carnivora, Chiroptera, Hyracoidea, Lagomorpha, Macroscelidea, Mammalia, Primates, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus clivosus, Rodentia, Soricomorpha, South Africa}, author = {Dieckmann, R. C.} } @article {4842, title = {Notes on the mammal fauna of the Augrabies Falls National Park and surrounding areas, with special reference to regional zoogeographical implications}, journal = {Koedoe}, volume = {22}, number = {1}, year = {1979}, month = {1979b}, pages = {157-175}, abstract = {An annotated checklist of the mammals recorded by direct or indirect means on or near the Augrabies Falls National Park, is provided. Speculations are offered as to which species have become locally extinct during historical times. The Orange River as a faunal dispersal corridor and barrier, is considered. A numerical analysis to determine whether the Augrabies Falls district falls within the Namib or the South West Arid biotic zone, is discussed.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, distribution, Mammalia, Molossidae, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus capensis, Sauromys petrophilus, South Africa}, author = {Rautenbach, I. L. and Schlitter, D. A. and de Graaff, G.} } @article {3070, title = {Observations on the feeding behavior of the bat hawk (Macheiramphus alcinus)}, journal = {Biotropica}, volume = {11}, number = {1}, year = {1979}, month = {1979}, pages = {18-21}, abstract = {A foraging bat hawk (Macheiramphus alcinus) was observed for six consecutive nights near a cave in Zambia. Feeding bouts lasting an average of 18.3 minutes per night caught an average of seven insectivorous bats (average percent success was 49.3 per attempt). Average weight of meals was 56.3 g. Kill-ingestion rates averaged 6.0 sec. Bats were the only observed prey. The morphological and behavioral adaptations of bat hawks are discussed and interpreted as strategies that are a sensitive reflection of the biology, behavior, and ecology of small, insectivorous bats.}, keywords = {Aves, Chiroptera, Cloeotis percivali, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros caffer, Macheiramphus alcinus, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus schreibersii, Nycteridae, Nycteris macrotis, Nycteris thebaica, Nycteris woodi, predation pressure, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus blasii, Rhinolophus simulator, Rhinolophus swinnyi, Southern Africa, Zambia}, author = {Black, H. L. and Howard, G. and Stjernstedt, R.} } @article {4223, title = {Physiological ecology and geographical range in the fruit-eating cave bat genus Rousettus Gray 1821 {\textendash} a review}, journal = {Bonn. zool. Beitr.}, volume = {30}, number = {3-4}, year = {1979}, month = {1979}, pages = {233-275}, keywords = {activity patterns, Africa, Asia, basal metabolic rate, behaviour, birth, cardiovascular system, Chiroptera, day roosts, echolocation, ecology, foraging, growth, Mammalia, morphology, physiology, Pteropodidae, reproduction, roosting behaviour, Rousettus aegyptiacus, temperature regulation, thermoregulation, twins, Verbreitung, water balance}, author = {Kulzer, E.} } @article {4598, title = {Postnatal growth and development of thermogenesis in Rousettus aegyptiacus}, journal = {Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A}, volume = {63}, number = {1}, year = {1979}, month = {1979b}, pages = {89-93}, abstract = {1. One-day-old Rousettus aegyptiacus reveal thermoregulatory heat production at least for the first minutes when ambient temperature drops. This metabolic response to cold reaches the adult level in the third week of age.2. Thermoregulation can be proven from the 7th day of life by means of control variations in body temperature.3. The postnatal shift in the set point adjustment of body temperature is shown.4. The calorigenic effect of exogenous noradrenaline is significant after the first week of age reaching its maximum in the third week.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, development, physiology, Pteropodidae, Rousettus aegyptiacus, thermoregulation}, url = {Noll 1979b.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0300-9629(79)90632-7}, author = {Noll, U. G.} } @article {3069, title = {Precision in prey selection by the trident-nosed bat (Cloeotis percivali)}, journal = {Mammalia}, volume = {43}, number = {1}, year = {1979}, month = {1979}, pages = {53-57}, abstract = {Stomach samples from 55 African trident-nosed bats (Cloeotis percivali), collected in Zambia over a 12 month period, were analyzed for prey remains. Lepidoptera were identified in all stomachs. Only seven bats had eaten prey other than lepidopterans. The width of the food niche for Cloeotis is compared with that of a temperate insectivorous species, Pipistrellus hesperus, and is shown to be narrower. Data are presented on the size distribution of selected insect taxa collected by light trapping. Seasonal aspects of prey abundance in relation to rainfall patterns is also presented. It is hypothesized that Cloeotis percivali is a specialist on lepidoterans irrespective of seasonal or short term changes in their abundance.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Cloeotis percivali, diet, food, Hipposideridae, Insecta, Lepidoptera, prey, rainfall, seasonality, Southern Africa, Zambia}, url = {Black 1979.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mamm.1979.43.1.53}, author = {Black, H. L.} } @article {4831, title = {Records of seven small mammal species (Insectivora, Chiroptera) new to the Kruger National Park}, journal = {Koedoe}, volume = {22}, number = {1}, year = {1979}, month = {1979a}, pages = {81-87}, abstract = {On a recent collecting expedition in the Kruger National Park, the occurrence of seven species of small mammals (one shrew and six bats) within the confines of this sanctuary was confirmed for the first time. One species (Pipistrellus rusticus) is reported for the first time from within the borders of the Transvaal, whereas another species (Myotis bocagei) is reported for the first time for the Republic of South Africa. The seven species are briefly discussed and the collections where the specimens have been accessioned are indicated.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Crocidura mariquensis, distribution, Glauconycteris variegata, Kerivoula argentata, Myotis bocagii, Pipistrellus kuhlii [hesperidus], Pipistrellus rusticus, Pteropodidae, Rousettus aegyptiacus, Soricidae, Soricomorpha, South Africa, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Rautenbach, I. L. and de Graaff, G. and Pienaar, U. d. V.} } @article {2892, title = {A short note on further feeding observations of Ruppell{\textquoteright}s bat (Pipistrellus rueppelli)}, journal = {Botswana Notes \& Records}, volume = {11}, year = {1979}, month = {1979}, pages = {135}, keywords = {Botswana, Chiroptera, foraging, Pipistrellus rueppellii, Southern Africa, trawling, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Archer, A. L.} } @article {3599, title = {Specialized insectivory: Beetle-eating and moth-eating molossid bats}, journal = {J. Mamm.}, volume = {60}, number = {3}, year = {1979}, month = {1979}, pages = {467-479}, abstract = {The jaw structure and mechanics of insectivores have been little studied. An effort is made here to compare and contrast jaw characteristics of insectivorous bats with those of herbivores and carnivores. Further, in one particular family of bats (Molossidae) jaw modifications are such that animals that take hard-shelled insect prey can be distinguished from those that take soft-shelled insect prey. Beetle-eaters generally have thick jaws, well-developed cranial crests, and fewer but bigger teeth, whereas moth-eaters have thin jaws, little crest build-up, and more but smaller teeth.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, dentition, diet, food habits, Insecta, insectivory, Molossidae, skull}, author = {Freeman, P. W.} } @article {4389, title = {Spermatogenic and frontal sac gland activity in Triaenops persicus (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae)}, journal = {Afr. J. Ecol.}, volume = {17}, number = {3}, year = {1979}, month = {1979}, pages = {127-129}, abstract = {Secretion of the frontal sac gland of the Persian leaf-nosed bat varies seasonally and is correlated with changes in spermatogenic activity. The possibility that androgenic hormones are directly involved in the secretory activity was not investigated.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, East Africa, Hipposideridae, histology, reproduction, Tanzania, Triaenops persicus [afer]}, url = {Mainoya 1979.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2028.1979.tb00249.x}, author = {Mainoya, J. R.} } @article {3024, title = {Taxonomy and zoogeography of fruit bats of the People{\textquoteright}s Republic of Congo, with notes on their reproductive biology (Mammalia, Megachiroptera)}, journal = {Bijd. Dierk.}, volume = {48}, number = {2}, year = {1979}, month = {1979c}, pages = {161-186}, abstract = {Megachiroptera (272) from the People{\textquoteright}s Republic of Congo, belonging to 13 taxa, Eidolon helvum helvum (Kerr), Rousettus aegyptiacus unicolor (Gray), Lissonycteris angolensis angolensis (Bocage), Myonycteris torquata (Dobson), Hypsignathus monstrosus Allen, Epomops franqueti franqueti (Tomes), Epomophorus cf. labiatus (Temminck), E. wahlbergi haldemani (Halowell), Micropteropus grandis Sanborn, M. pusillus (Peters), Scotonycteris zenkeri zenkeri Matschie, S. ophiodon Pohle, and Megaloglossus woermanni Pagenstecher are examined. E. cf. labiatus and Micropteropus grandis are recorded from this country for the 1st time. The known ranges of E. cf. labiatus and M. grandis are greatly extended towards the west. In morphology and zoogeography 10 spp. correspond with populations to the north and, with the possible exception of both Scotonycteris spp. to the south; towards the east the distribution of R. aegyptiacus and both Scotonycteris spp. is possibly discontinuous. The 2 Epomophorus spp. and M. grandis are linked with populations towards the south and east only. Seasonal biannual reproduction is assumed for Epomops franqueti, Epomophorus wahlbergi and M. pusillus. Data on reproduction in other species are scarce or lacking.}, keywords = {[Epomophorus] Micropteropus grandis, behaviour, Central Africa, Chiroptera, Congo (Brazzaville), ecology, Eidolon helvum, Epomophorus cf. labiatus, Epomophorus wahlbergi haldemani, Epomops franqueti, Faunistik, habitat preferences, Hypsignathus monstrosus, Lissonycteris angolensis, Mammalia, Megaloglossus woermanni, Micropteropus pusillus, morphology, Myonycteris torquata, Pteropodidae, reproduction, Rousettus aegyptiacus unicolor, Scotonycteris ophiodon, Scotonycteris zenkeri, seasonality, species richness, systematics, zoogeography}, author = {Bergmans, W.} } @article {4777, title = {Two bats in the Seychelles}, journal = {Oryx}, volume = {15}, number = {2}, year = {1979}, month = {1979}, pages = {148-152}, abstract = {Counts of the two endemic bats in the Seychelles in 1977 suggested that the fruit bat Pteropus seychellensis occurred in large numbers on Praslin and La Digue. But the author suggests that the number taken for food, especially for the tourist restaurants on Mah{\'e}, is excessive and should be curbed; tree-felling in suitable roosting areas should also be discouraged. The other bat, the small insectivorous Coleura seychellensis, is clearly endangered {\textemdash} only six were found despite an extensive search {\textemdash} and complete protection is called for.}, keywords = {Africa, bushmeat, Chiroptera, Coleura seychellensis, conservation, distribution, Emballonuridae, Flederm{\"a}use, Indian Ocean, Pteropodidae, Pteropus seychellensis seychellensis, Seychelles, Verbreitung}, url = {Racey 1979.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0030605300024248}, author = {Racey, P. A.} } @inbook {2890, title = {Approaches towards studies on potential reservoirs of viral haemorrhagic fever in southern Sudan}, booktitle = {Ebola Virus Haemorrhagic Fever - Proceedings of an International Colloquium on Ebola Virus Infection and Other Haemorrhagic Fevers held in Antwerp, Belgium, 6-8 December, 1977}, year = {1978}, month = {1978}, pages = {191-200}, publisher = {Elsevier / North-Holland Biomedical Press}, organization = {Elsevier / North-Holland Biomedical Press}, chapter = {xii + 436}, address = {Amsterdam}, keywords = {[Mops nanulus] Tadarida (Mops) nanula, [Mops] Tadarida (Mops) trevori, Chiroptera, East Africa, Ebola, Emballonuridae, Epomophorus anurus [labiatus], Micropteropus pusillus, Molossidae, Pteropodidae, Scotoecus hindei [hirundo], Scotoecus hirundo, Taphozous mauritianus, Vespertilionidae}, url = {Arata \& Johnson 1978.pdf http://www.itg.be/ebola/}, author = {Arata, A. A. and Johnson, B.}, editor = {Pattyn, S. R.} } @article {4183, title = {Bat records from Upper Volta, West Africa}, journal = {Am. Mus. Novitates}, number = {2643}, year = {1978}, month = {1978}, pages = {1-6}, abstract = {The bats of Upper Volta are reviewed, based chiefly on previously unreported material. For the 27 spp. recognized, locality, habitat and reproductive data are given. Taxonomic notes are added where necessary and the distributional patterns in Upper Volta are considered in relation to the vegetation belts in West Africa. All but 2 spp. occur in the Sudan savanna, but nearly half of these also occur in the Guinea savanna, to which the 2 additional species appear confined. Several species reach the Sahel savanna. Of 10 spp. recorded from Upper Volta for the 1st time (Eidolon helvum helvum, Rousettus angolensis smithi, Hypsignathus monstrosus, Micropteropus pusillus, Nycteris hispida hispida, N. macrotis macrotis, N. thebaica, N. gambiensis, Rhinolophus landeri landeri, R. fumigatus, Hipposideros abae, H. commersoni gigas, Pipistrellus deserti, Eptesicus somalicus, Nycticeius schliefferi, Tadarida major, T. demonstrator and T. midas midas) only 2 represent significant range extensions: P. deserti south from Algeria and T. demonstrator west from Sudan. A gazetteer of bat collecting localities in Upper Volta is included.}, keywords = {biodiversity, Burkina Faso, Chaerephon major, Chiroptera, ecology, Eidolon helvum, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, habitat preferences, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros abae, Hipposideros commersoni gigas [vittatus], Hypsignathus monstrosus, Lissonycteris angolensis smithii, Mammalia, Micropteropus pusillus, Molossidae, Mops demonstrator, Mops midas, morphology, Neoromicia somalica, Nycteridae, Nycteris gambiensis, Nycteris hispida, Nycteris macrotis, Nycteris thebaica, Nycticeinops schlieffenii, Pipistrellus deserti, Pteropodidae, reproduction, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus fumigatus, Rhinolophus landeri, species richness, systematics, taxonomy, Vespertilionidae, West Africa, zoogeography}, author = {Koopman, K. F. and Mumford, R. E. and Heisterberg, J. F.} } @article {3817, title = {A comparative study of the bacula in bats of the genus Scotophilus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)}, journal = {Mammalia}, volume = {42}, number = {1}, year = {1978}, month = {1978}, pages = {123-130}, abstract = {The baculum of all 5 recognized species of genus Scotophilus(S. nigrita, S. gigas, S. leucogaster, S. heathi and S. kuhlii) is studied and compared. It is of no value as a taxonomic character in distinguishing the species of this genus. Significant postnatal growth of the bone occurs; the baculum is unossified in infants; in the adult it lies obliquely in the glans penis. The 2nd specimen of S. gigas from Nigeria is recorded.}, keywords = {Africa, Asia, baculum, Chiroptera, distribution, evolution, Flederm{\"a}use, Mammalia, morphology, Os penis, phylogeny, Scotophilus gigas [nigrita], Scotophilus heathi, Scotophilus kuhlii, Scotophilus leucogaster, Scotophilus nigrita, species richness, systematics, taxonomy, Verbreitung, Vespertilionidae}, url = {Harrison \& Brownlow 1978.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mamm.1978.42.1.123}, author = {Harrison, D. L. and Brownlow, I. P.} } @article {4932, title = {Consid{\'e}rations sur le genre Nycteria (Haemoproteidae) parasite de microchiropt{\`e}res africains avec description de quatre esp{\`e}ces nouvelles}, journal = {Ann. Parasitol. Humaine et Comp.}, volume = {53}, number = {5}, year = {1978}, month = {1978}, pages = {447-459}, abstract = {Five species of Nycteria from Central Africa (Gabon and Congo-Brazzaville) were studied. They are divided into 2 distinct groups: the parasites of Nycteris with rosette-like gametocytes (Nycteria medusiformis, N. houini sp. nov. and N. erardi sp. nov.) and the parasites of Rhinolophus with gametocytes of the diffused type (N. gabonensis sp. nov. and N. krampitzi sp. nov.). The characteristics of the genus Nycteria and its place among other Haemosporidia are analyzed.}, keywords = {Central Africa, Chiroptera, Congo (Brazzaville), endoparasites, Gabon, Nycteridae, Nycteris arge, Nycteris grandis, Nycteris nana, parasitism, Protozoa, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus silvestris}, author = {Rosin, G. and Landau, I. and Hugot, J.-P.} } @article {2833, title = {D{\'e}finition de l{\textquoteright}{\'e}quateur biologique en fonction de la reproduction de Chiropt{\`e}res d{\textquoteright}Afrique Centrale}, journal = {Annales Soc. r. Zool. Belg.}, volume = {107}, number = {1-2}, year = {1978}, month = {1978a [for 1977]}, pages = {79-89}, keywords = {austral cycle, biological equator, boreal cycle, Central Africa, Chiroptera, Eidolon helvum, Pteropodidae, reproduction}, author = {Anciaux de Faveaux, M.} } @article {4641, title = {Diurnal variations of the glycogen and fat stores in the liver and breast muscle of the fruit bat, Eidolon helvum (Kerr)}, journal = {Physiol. Behav.}, volume = {20}, number = {2}, year = {1978}, month = {1978}, pages = {121-123}, abstract = {A study of the glycogen and fat levels of the liver and breast muscles of the fruit bat, Eidolon helvum was carried out in relation to their feeding and roosting behaviour. The glycogen concentrations in the liver were highest in the mornings, and lowest in the evenings. In contrast, the concentrations of liver fat were lowest in the mornings and highest in the evenings. Muscle glycogen and fat were higher in the mornings and evenings than in the afternoons. These findings are discussed in relation to the food habits and roosting activities of Eidolon helvum.}, keywords = {activity patterns, Chiroptera, diet, Eidolon helvum, liver, muscles, Nigeria, physiology, Pteropodidae, West Africa}, url = {Okon et al. 1978.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9384(78)90062-8}, author = {Okon, E. E. and Umukoro, R. M. and Ajudua, A.} } @article {4826, title = {Ecological distribution of the mammals of the Transvaal (Vertebrata: Mammalia)}, journal = {Ann. Transv. Mus.}, volume = {31}, number = {10}, year = {1978}, month = {1978b}, pages = {131-156}, abstract = {The four biotic zones overlying the Transvaal are subdivided into ten graphical units of lower taxonomic rank, i.e. community types. The latter are in terms of the veld types described by Acocks (1975). The validity of, and the interrelationships between, community types are tested by means of Duellman{\textquoteright}s (1965) Faunal Resemblance Factor. A simple phenogram constructed by using Sokal and Sneath{\textquoteright}s (1963) "weighted pair-group method using arithmetic averages" (WPGMA), illustrating faunal relationships between community types, is given. Westward and southward declines in species densities are indicated. Species density, faunal diversity, and eastward and westward flowing drainage systems arc related to each other and arc also employed to indicate areas of varying ecological complexity within the Transvaal.}, keywords = {allopatric, biodiversity, biogeography, biomes, Chiroptera, communities, distribution, ecology, endemic, Faunistik, habitat preferences, Mammalia, South Africa, species richness, sympatric, Vegetation, zoogeography}, author = {Rautenbach, I. L.} } @article {4238, title = {The ecology of the flowers of the savanna tree Maranthes polyandra and their visitors, with particular reference to bats}, journal = {J. Ecol.}, volume = {66}, number = {1}, year = {1978}, month = {1978}, pages = {287-295}, abstract = {Nocturnal observations were made on M. polyandra (Chrysobalanaceae), a common tree in the Guinea Savanna zone of West Africa, which shows many adaptations for pollination by bats. The flowers are borne on stiff pedicels in large white inflorescences, and each flower lasts for only 1 night. The anthers release pollen from about 19.30 h, and the stigma matures at about 01.00 h; nectar production is copious. The flowers are produced in the wet season when few other plants are flowering. The small bat Nanonycteris veldkampi (Pteropinae: Megachiroptera) visited the trees frequently for nectar. Feeding visits were sporadic soon after dusk, but became increasingly frequent until about 21.30 h, after which very frequent visits were observed until dawn. Analysis of the pollen loads of 29 bats showed that Protea elliottii is visited frequently in addition to M. polyandra. The bats probably travel several kilometres during the night. No evidence was obtained for the bats feeding on anything except nectar. Various other visitors, such as small insects, hawkmoths, genets and several bird species, feed on the nectar or pollen.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, diet, ecology, flowers, foraging, Ghana, Nahrung, Nahrungswahl, Nanonycteris veldkampii, nectarivory, Parinari polyandra, pollination, Pteropodidae, West Africa}, author = {Lack, A.} } @article {3881, title = {On the ecology of the fruit bat, Rousettus aegyptiacus leachi (A. Smith, 1829) in the Tsitsikama Coastal National Park}, journal = {Koedoe}, volume = {21}, number = {1}, year = {1978}, month = {1978 [published}, pages = {101-110}, abstract = {Field observations were carried out on R. aegyptiacus in the Tsitsikama Coastal National Park in the winter of 1974 and the summers of 1975 and 1976. The roost of the fruit bat population was a cave in the narrow gorge of the Storms river. The population was estimated at 3 000 bats. Activity during the night was found to be significantly longer in summer than in winter. The possible reaction of these bats to the commencement of activity to moon light conditions at the cave is discussed.Food items (Ekebergia capensis, Cassine crocea, Acokanthera oppositifolia and Viscum obscurum) were established by direct observations or by identification of food remains and seeds in the guano.Time of birth of infants was calculated from the forearm length of captured bats. According to these calculations parturition takes place during October to June with a peak in December.}, keywords = {activity patterns, caves, Chiroptera, day roosts, diet, frugivory, Pteropodidae, reproduction, roosting, Rousettus aegyptiacus, seasonality, South Africa}, author = {Herzig-Straschil, B. and Robinson, G. A.} } @article {5447, title = {Foods and ectoparasites of bats from Kenya, East Africa}, journal = {J. Mamm.}, volume = {59}, number = {3}, year = {1978}, month = {1978}, pages = {632-634}, keywords = {Acari, Argasidae, Arthropoda, Chaerephon pumilus, Chiroptera, diet, East Africa, ectoparasites, Epomophorus labiatus, food, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros commersoni [gigas-vittatus], Insecta, Kenya, Macronyssidae, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus minor, Miniopterus schreibersii, Molossidae, Mops condylurus, Myotis bocagii, Neoromicia rendalli, Nycteribiidae, Otomops martiensseni, parasitism, Pteropodidae, Rousettus aegyptiacus, Rousettus lanosus, Scotoecus albofuscus, Scotophilus dinganii, Scotophilus viridis, Siphonaptera, Spinturnicidae, Streblidae, Triaenops persicus [afer], Vespertilionidae}, author = {Whitaker jr., J. O. and Mumford, R. E.} } @article {3612, title = {Fruit bats for meat: Are too many taken?}, journal = {Oryx}, volume = {14}, number = {4}, year = {1978}, month = {1978}, pages = {377-378}, abstract = {Nigerian people eat meat mainly from wild animals, and the straw-coloured fruit bat is a popular meat in the south-west, where colonies may number a million animals. But the killing methods are inefficient and wasteful, and no management of the populations is attempted. The author suggests there is need to improve the former and embark on the latter if this valuable resource is to be conserved.}, keywords = {bushmeat, Chiroptera, Eidolon helvum, hunting, Nigeria, Pteropodidae, sustainable use, West Africa}, url = {Funmilayo 1978.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0030605300016008}, author = {Funmilayo, O.} } @article {3772, title = {The fruit bats of western Nigeria}, journal = {Nigerian Field}, volume = {43}, number = {1/2/3}, year = {1978}, month = {1978}, pages = {30-37; 72-77; 121-127}, keywords = {behaviour, Chiroptera, ecology, Faunistik, habitat preferences, Hangpl{\"a}tze, Mammalia, morphology, Pteropodidae, reproduction, roosting behaviour, species richness, systematics, taxonomy, Vegetation, West Africa, zoogeography}, author = {Happold, D. C. D. and Happold, M.} } @article {5060, title = {The host feeding patterns of some culicine mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in The Gambia}, journal = {Bull. Entomol. Res.}, volume = {68}, number = {4}, year = {1978}, month = {1978}, pages = {695-706}, abstract = {A total of 2609 blood-fed females of 23 species of Aedes and Culex was collected, mainly from outdoor resting sites or in unbaited suction traps, at two localities in The Gambia. The host-feeding patterns of the mosquitoes indicated by the results of precipitin tests on the blood-meals were of three types: those in which large mammals were the predominant hosts, those where mammals, birds and reptiles were represented and those in which avian feeds predominated. C. tritaeniorhynchus Giles had fed predominantly on cattle, and small numbers of nine species of Aedes had fed on large mammals. C. thalassius Theo. was non-specific in its feeding habits, with feeds from a wide range of mammals and birds and a few reptiles. No evidence was found for a change in the feeding habits of C. thalassius with increasing age. C. poicilipes (Theo.) also fed on mammals and birds. Birds were the primary hosts of C. tigripes Grp. Charm., C. nebulosus Theo./ C. cinereus Theo., C. decens Theo., C. invidiosus Theo. and C. neavei Theo., although the feeds of C. decens included a large proportion on bats.}, keywords = {Aves, Chiroptera, Culicidae, Diptera, diseases, food, Gambia, Insecta, Mammalia, Reptilia, vectors, West Africa}, url = {Snow \& Boreham 1978.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007485300009652}, author = {Snow, W. F. and Boreham, P. F. L.} } @article {3523, title = {Austroglycyphagus asthmaticus spec. nov. (Acari, Glycyphagidae) vivant dans le guano de chiropt{\`e}res {\`a} Bujumbura (Burundi)}, journal = {Rev. Zool. Afr.}, volume = {92}, number = {4}, year = {1978}, month = {1978a [published}, pages = {953-958}, keywords = {Acari, Arachnida, asthma, Austroglycyphagus asthmaticus spec. nov., Burundi, Central Africa, Chiroptera, day roosts, Glycyphagidae, guano, Molossidae, Tadarida sp.}, author = {Fain, A.} } @article {4884, title = {Karyotypic data for African mammals, with a description of an in vivo bone marrow technique}, journal = {Bull. Carnegie Mus. nat. Hist.}, volume = {6}, year = {1978}, month = {1978}, pages = {188-210}, keywords = {Chiroptera, chromosomes, cytogenetics, Hipposideridae, karyotypes, Mammalia, Molossidae, Nycteridae, Pteropodidae, review, Rhinolophidae, Rhinopomatidae, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Robbins, L. W. and Baker, R. J.} } @article {2834, title = {Les cycles annuels de reproduction chez les Chiropt{\`e}res cavernicoles du Shaba (S-E Za{\"{\i}re) et du Rwanda}, journal = {Mammalia}, volume = {42}, number = {4}, year = {1978}, month = {1978b}, pages = {453-490}, abstract = {The research undertaken in Shaba (ex-Katanga) and Rwanda and set forth in this article concern the studies carried out in the subterranean field (natural and artificial cavities). It covers 24 species of Chiroptera among which 4 have been found by other zoologists: Hipposideros commersoni (E. Geoffroy, 1813) in Katanga, Rhinolophus hilli Aellen, 1973 and Hipposideros caffer (Sundevall, 1846) in Rwanda, and Otomops martiensseni (Matschie, 1897) in Katanga and Rwanda.The annual breeding cycles are classified in 3 main types: monooestrian, seasonal polyoestrian and continual polyoestrian.The author{\textquoteright}s conclusions are compared with those of other research workers; a thorough critical investigation of the literature has given more precise details about the breeding modalities in some species on which the author has been unable to get any positive information.For every species, dates are presented (those concerning the author{\textquoteright}s personal research and those published in previous works on the Chiroptera in other African areas) and an interpretation of breeding biology is advanced.}, keywords = {[Chaerephon] Tadarida ansorgei, caves, Central Africa, Chiroptera, climate, Cloeotis percivali, Congo (Kinshasa), Emballonuridae, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros caffer, Hipposideros commersoni, Hipposideros ruber, Lissonycteris angolensis, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus inflatus, Miniopterus schreibersii, Molossidae, Myotis tricolor, Nycteridae, Nycteris aethiopica [macrotis], Nycteris macrotis, Nycteris thebaica, Otomops martiensseni, Pteropodidae, reproduction, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus blasii, Rhinolophus clivosus, Rhinolophus fumigatus, Rhinolophus hildebrandtii, Rhinolophus hilli, Rhinolophus landeri, Rhinolophus simulator, Rhinolophus swinnyi, Rousettus aegyptiacus, Rwanda, seasonality, Tadarida fulminans, Taphozous perforatus, Vespertilionidae}, url = {Anciaux de Faveaux 1978b.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mamm.1978.42.4.453}, author = {Anciaux de Faveaux, M.} } @article {3524, title = {Les Myobiidae d{\textquoteright}Afrique au sud du Sahara et de Madagascar (Acarina - Prostigmata)}, journal = {Ann. Mus. roy. Afr. Centr. (Sci. zool.)}, volume = {224}, year = {1978}, month = {1978b}, pages = {i-x, 1-186}, keywords = {[Chaerephon cisturus] Tadarida cistura, [Chaerephon pumilus] Tadarida pumila, [Mops] Tadarida midas, [Mops] Tadarida nanulus, [Mormopterus] Tadarida acetabulosus, [Neoromicia nana] Pipistrellus nanus, [Neoromicia] Eptesicus capensis gracilior, [Neoromicia] Eptesicus tenuipinnis, [Saccolaimus] Taphozous peli, Acari, Africa, Afrosoricida, Angola, Arabia, Arachnida, Asellia tridens, Cameroon, Chad, Chiroptera, Cloeotis percivali australis, Coleura afra, Congo (Kinshasa), ectoparasites, Egypt, Eidolon helvum, Emballonuridae, Epomophorus labiatus minor, Epomophorus wahlbergi haldemani, Eptesicus hottentotus, Equatorial Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros caffer centralis, Hipposideros caffer ruber, Hipposideros commersoni gigas, host specificity, host-parasite coevolution, host-parasite relationships, identification key, Kenya, Kerivoula smithi, Macroscelidea, Madagascar, Mammalia, Megaloglossus woermanni, Mimetillus moloney [moloneyi], Miniopteridae, Miniopterus inflatus, Miniopterus schreibersi, Molossidae, Mormopterus sp. [jugularis?], morphology, Myobiidae, Myotis tricolor, Namibia, Niger, Nycteridae, Nycteris arge, Nycteris damarensis [thebaica], Nycteris gambiensis, Nycteris hispida, Nycteris thebaica, parasitism, phylogeny, Pteropodidae, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus blasii empusa, Rhinolophus capensis, Rhinolophus clivosus zuluensis, Rhinolophus landeri, Rhinolophus lobatus [landeri], Rodentia, Rousettus aegyptiacus leachi, Rwanda, Scotophilus nigrita, Soricidae, South Africa, systematics, Tanzania, Taphozous sudani [perforatus], taxonomy, Tenrecidae, Triaenops afer, Triaenops persicus, Uganda, Vespertilionidae, Zambia}, author = {Fain, A.} } @book {2881, title = {The Mammals of Zambia}, year = {1978}, month = {1978}, pages = {126 pp. + 204 maps}, publisher = {National Parks and Wildlife Service}, organization = {National Parks and Wildlife Service}, address = {Chilanga, Zambia}, keywords = {Chiroptera, distribution, Mammalia, Southern Africa, systematics, taxonomy, Zambia}, author = {Ansell, W. F. H.} } @inbook {4137, title = {A new fruit bat of the genus Rousettus Gray, 1821, from the Comoro Islands, western Indian Ocean (Mammalia: Chiroptera)}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth International Bat Research Conference}, year = {1978}, note = {Kenya National Academy for Advancement of Arts and Sciences}, month = {1978a [for 1975]}, pages = {205-216}, publisher = {Kenya Literature Bureau}, organization = {Kenya Literature Bureau}, chapter = {328}, address = {Nairobi}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, Comoros, distribution, Faunistik, Indian Ocean, Mammalia, morphology, Pteropodidae, Rousettus obliviosus sp. nov., species description, systematics, taxonomy}, author = {Kock, D.}, editor = {Olembo, R. J. and Castelino, J. B. and Mutere, F. A.} } @article {2832, title = {Notes {\'e}co-{\'e}thologiques et parasitologiques sur les Chiropt{\`e}res cavernicoles du Shaba (Za{\"{\i}re)}, journal = {Int. J. Speleol.}, volume = {10}, number = {3-4}, year = {1978}, month = {1978c}, pages = {331-350}, keywords = {[Chaerephon] Tadarida ansorgei, Acari, Arachnida, caves, Central Africa, Chiroptera, Cloeotis percivali australis, Congo (Kinshasa), day roosts, Diptera, ectoparasites, Emballonuridae, Helminthes, Hemiptera, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros caffer centralis, Hipposideros commersoni gigas, Hipposideros ruber, Insecta, Lissonycteris angolensis, microclimate, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus inflatus rufus, Miniopterus schreibersi natalensis, Molossidae, Myotis tricolor, Nycteridae, Nycteris macrotis, Nycteris thebaica, parasitism, Protozoa, Pteropodidae, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus blasii empusa, Rhinolophus clivosus zuluensis, Rhinolophus fumigatus exsul, Rhinolophus hildebrandtii, Rhinolophus landeri lobatus, Rhinolophus simulator, Rhinolophus swinnyi, roosting, Rousettus aegyptiacus leachi, Siphonaptera, Taphozous perforatus sudani, temperature, Vespertilionidae}, url = {Anciaux de Faveaux 1978c.pdf http://www.ijs.speleo.it/article.php?id_art=235}, author = {Anciaux de Faveaux, M.} } @article {5173, title = {Notes on the dry season roosting and foraging behaviour of Epomophorus gambianus and Rousettus aegyptiacus (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae)}, journal = {J. Zool. (Lond.)}, volume = {186}, number = {3}, year = {1978}, month = {1978}, pages = {403-406}, abstract = {We studied the movements and foraging behaviour of Epomophorus gambianus and Rousettus aegyptiacus during the dry season in Rhodesia. The nightly activity of both species was concentrated in the riparian forest where they fed on the fruits of Diospyros senensis. Epomophorus gambianus roosted during the day high in the thick canopy of Trichelia emetica or Kigelia africana along the river banks and began foraging, each one in a preferred D. senensis shrub, before 1845 hrs. Rousettus aegyptiacus arrived in the study area approximately one hour later and appeared to forage in groups. The temporal separation of the feeding times of the two species of bats may provide a basis for the partitioning of a single species food resource.}, keywords = {activity patterns, Chiroptera, competition, diet, dry season, Epomophorus crypturus, foraging, frugivory, habitat preferences, Hangpl{\"a}tze, Nahrung, Nahrungsspektrum, niche overlap, Pteropodidae, roosting behaviour, Rousettus aegyptiacus, Southern Africa, Zimbabwe}, author = {Thomas, D. W. and Fenton, M. B.} } @article {3526, title = {Notes sur les Acariens Astigmates cavernicoles. Description de deux genres nouveaux et de quatre esp{\`e}ces nouvelles}, journal = {Acarologia}, volume = {20}, number = {1}, year = {1978}, month = {1978d}, pages = {116-127}, abstract = {The author studies a collection of cavernicolous mites belonging to the order Astigmata. He describes 2 new genera and 4 new species and gives a list of all the known species of Astigmata living in caves.}, keywords = {Acari, Africa, Arachnida, Asia, caves, Chiroptera, day roosts, guano, Molossidae, Natalidae, Noctilionidae, review, South America}, author = {Fain, A.} } @article {3525, title = {Notes sur quelques Myobiidae (Acari, Prostigmata) parasites de chiropt{\`e}res}, journal = {Acta Zool. Pathol. Antverpiensia}, volume = {73}, year = {1978}, month = {1978e}, pages = {197-211}, abstract = {The author describes the following new taxa within the family Myobiidae (Acari): Rhinomyobia gen. nov., Mimetillobia subgen. nov. (in genus Acanthophthirius) and 4 new species, all parasitic on bats. Besides, he rises the subgenus Thyromyobia Fain, 1976 and the subspecies Acanthophthirius (Myotimyobia) myoti namurensis Fain, 1976, to the genus and the species rank respectively.}, keywords = {Acari, Africa, Arachnida, Asia, Chiroptera, ectoparasites, Europe, Mimetillobia subgen. nov., Miniopteridae, Myobiidae, Pacific, parasitism, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Fain, A.} } @article {4825, title = {A numerical re-appraisal of the southern African biotic zones}, journal = {Bull. Carnegie Mus. nat. Hist.}, volume = {6}, year = {1978}, month = {1978a}, pages = {175-187}, abstract = {The acceptability and credibility of the empirically derived biotic zones of southern Africa are mathematically tested by means of Duellmans (1965) Faunal Resemblance Factor analysis. The distribution of 275 southern African mammalian species is analyzed. A total of six biotic zones, including three that were formerly regarded as subzones, are found to be viable biogeographic entities of full zonal status.}, keywords = {allopatric, biodiversity, biogeography, biomes, Chiroptera, communities, distribution, ecology, endemic, Faunistik, Forests, habitat preferences, Mammalia, Namib, South Africa, South West Arid, South West Cape, Southern Savanna Grassland, Southern Savanna Woodland, species richness, sympatric, Vegetation, Verbreitung, zoogeography}, author = {Rautenbach, I. L.} } @inbook {3078, title = {Phenetics of Myotis blythi in Morocco}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth International Bat Research Conference}, year = {1978}, note = {Kenya National Academy for Advancement of Arts and Sciences}, month = {1978}, pages = {217-230}, publisher = {Kenya Literature Bureau}, organization = {Kenya Literature Bureau}, chapter = {328}, address = {Nairobi}, keywords = {Chiroptera, distribution, Europe, Flederm{\"a}use, Mammalia, Morocco, morphology, Myotis myotis, Myotis punicus, North Africa, phenetics, sibling species, species richness, sympatric, systematics, taxonomy, Verbreitung, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Bogan, M. A. and Setzer, H. W. and Findley, J. S. and Wilson, D. E.}, editor = {Olembo, R. J. and Castelino, J. B. and Mutere, F. A.} } @article {5119, title = {Pollination by lemurs and marsupials: An archaic coevolutionary system}, journal = {Science}, volume = {200}, number = {4343}, year = {1978}, month = {1978}, pages = {731-736}, abstract = {Existing geographical and ecological relationships between bats, non-flying mammals, and birds that visit flowers for food suggest novel interpretations of their evolutionary history.}, keywords = {Africa, animal-plant interactions, Australia, behaviour, Chiroptera, coevolution, diet, ecology, evolution, Flederm{\"a}use, flowers, foraging, lemurs, Madagascar, Mammalia, Marsupialia, Nahrung, Nahrungsspektrum, nectarivory, nocturnal, pollination, Primates, prosimians, Pteropodidae}, author = {Sussman, R. W. and Raven, P. H.} } @article {5114, title = {Preliminary notes on the mammals of the Bontebok National Park}, journal = {Koedoe}, volume = {21}, number = {1}, year = {1978}, month = {1978}, pages = {111-117}, abstract = {A check-list of the mammals known to occur in the Bontebok National Park, Republic of South Africa, is presented, including general observations.}, keywords = {[Neoromicia] Eptesicus capensis, Chiroptera, Mammalia, South Africa, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Stuart, C. T. and Braack, H. H.} } @article {3023, title = {Rediscovery of Epomophorus pousarguesi Trouessart, 1904 in the Central African Empire (Mammalia, Megachiroptera)}, journal = {J. nat. Hist.}, volume = {12}, year = {1978}, month = {1978a}, pages = {681-687}, abstract = {Recently collected specimens (3) of the fruit bat E. pousarguesi Trouessart, 1904, previously only known from the type specimen, are described. They may confirm the specific status of the taxon: The type locality and distinguishing characters of the species are discussed.}, keywords = {Central Africa, Central African Republic, Chiroptera, Epomophorus pousarguesi [gambianus], Mammalia, morphology, Pteropodidae, systematics, taxonomy}, author = {Bergmans, W.} } @article {3022, title = {Review of drinking behavior of African fruit bats (Mammalia: Megachiroptera)}, journal = {Bull. Carnegie Mus. nat. Hist.}, volume = {6}, year = {1978}, month = {1978b}, pages = {20-25}, keywords = {Africa, behaviour, Chiroptera, diet, drinking, ecology, Eidolon, Nahrung, Pteropodidae, Pteropus, Rousettus}, author = {Bergmans, W.} } @article {4383, title = {Significance of the distal part of the humerus in the identification of Egyptian bats}, journal = {Zool. Anz.}, volume = {201}, number = {5/6}, year = {1978}, month = {1978}, pages = {387-390}, keywords = {anatomy, Chiroptera, Egypt, humerus, morphology, North Africa, skeleton}, author = {Madkour, G. A.} } @article {2954, title = {Splenic weights and their possible relationship to adrenocortical function in a wild population of Rousettus aegyptiacus E. Geoffroy}, journal = {E. Afr. Wildl. J.}, volume = {16}, number = {1}, year = {1978}, month = {1978}, pages = {49-58}, abstract = {The spleen weights increase with age in Rousettus aegyptiacus for the first 6 months. The size of the adrenal cortex estimated by adrenal weight behaves in a similar way as the spleen weights. The spleen weights decline as the bats mature while the adrenal weights continue to increase with age.Both the spleen and adrenal weights are variable in pregnant bats. The pregnant animals have heavy adrenals and small spleens on average. Since the pregnant bats are heavy, their relative spleen and adrenal weights are different from the absolute weights, but more so in the latter than in the former.The spleen in Rousettus responds to stressful environments differently from the way it does in rodents under similar situations.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, East Africa, growth, Pteropodidae, reproduction, Rousettus aegyptiacus, Uganda}, url = {Baranga 1978.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2028.1978.tb00422.x}, author = {Baranga, J.} } @article {4880, title = {Taxonomic identification and history of Scotophilus nigrita (Schreber) (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)}, journal = {J. Mamm.}, volume = {59}, number = {1}, year = {1978}, month = {1978a}, pages = {212-213}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, Flederm{\"a}use, Mammalia, Scotophilus gigas, Scotophilus nigrita, systematics, taxonomy, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Robbins, C. B.} } @article {4838, title = {Three species of microchiropteran bats recorded for the first time from the south-west Cape Biotic zone}, journal = {Ann. Transv. Mus.}, volume = {31}, number = {11}, year = {1978}, note = {See Rautenbach \& Nel 1980, Jacobs \& Fenton 2001}, month = {1978}, pages = {157-163}, abstract = {New distribution records are reported for three species of bats. The presence of Tadarida (Tadarida) aegyptiaca in the south-west Cape biotic zone is confirmed. Tadarida (Chaerephon) pumila is recorded for the first time from the Cape Province, whereas the known range of Laephotis wintoni is shown to extend some 1000 km further south than previously recorded to within the borders of the Republic of South Africa.}, keywords = {Algeria Forest Station, Chaerephon pumilus, Chiroptera, cluster analysis, Laephotis angolensis, Laephotis botswanae, Laephotis namibensis, Laephotis wintoni, Mammalia, Molossidae, morphometrics, PCA, South Africa, Tadarida aegyptiaca, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Rautenbach, I. L. and Nel, J. A. J.} } @article {4162, title = {Three years{\textquoteright} observation on side effects of helicopter applications of insecticides used to exterminate Glossina species in Nigeria}, journal = {Environmental Pollution}, volume = {15}, number = {1}, year = {1978}, month = {1978}, pages = {31-59}, abstract = {In three successive years from 1974 onwards observations were made on the possible side effects of helicopter applications of dieldrin and endosulfan in a number of Northern Guinea savanna zone habitats in Nigeria. In one of the areas a comparison could be made with discriminative handspray applications of endosulfan and DDT. An account is given of the acute effects on non-target species. Before, and at various intervals after, spraying a population census was made of a number of selected bird species. Certain species of fringe forest birds such as various flycatcher species appeared to be very vulnerable and either were not recorded any more or became extremely rare in the areas treated. It appears that the groundspray procedures used in Nigeria are more discriminative {\textemdash} and therefore less likely to cause irreversible damage {\textemdash} than helicopter applications at comparable dose-rate.}, keywords = {Aves, Chiroptera, Diptera, Glossina, Insecta, Mammalia, Nigeria, pesticides, Pteropodidae, West Africa}, url = {Koeman et al. 1978.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-9327(78)90060-5}, author = {Koeman, J. H. and Den Boer, W. M. J. and Feith, A. F. and de Iongh, H. H. and Spliethoff, P. C. and Na{\textquoteright}isa, B. K. and Spielberger, U.} } @article {4136, title = {Vergleichende Untersuchung einiger S{\"a}ugetiere im s{\"u}dlichen Niger (Mammalia: Insectivora, Chiroptera, Lagomorpha, Rodentia)}, journal = {Senckenbergiana biol.}, volume = {58}, number = {3/4}, year = {1978}, month = {1978b [for 1977]}, pages = {113-136}, abstract = {Comparative study of some mammal species in southern Niger: Crocidura flavescens, Erinaceus albiventris spinifex, Eidolon helvum, Epomophorus gambianus gambianus, Tadarida (Chaerephon) nigeriae nigeriae, Lepus capensis canopus, Gerbillus (G.) agag nigeriae, of which a large sized subspecies is described, Tatera hopkinsoni, Mastomys erythrolencus and Acomys cahirinus johannis. {\textemdash} M. erythroleucus is recorded from the Sudan, G. agag from Tchad. {\textemdash} The type localities of E. a. spinifex and G. agag are corrected. {\textemdash} Of the smaller gerbils, asyutensis Setzer 1960 is considered a subspecies of gerbillus Olivier 1801, andersoni De Winton 1902 is related with eatoni Thomas 1902 and inflatus Ranck 1968 being different from gerbillus; agag Thomas 1903 includes nigeriae Thomas \& Hinton 1920, rosalinda St. Leger 1929 and sudanensis Setzer 1956, but not daltonii Heim de Balsac 1936.}, keywords = {Artenzahl, Chaerephon nigeriae, Chiroptera, distribution, ecology, Eidolon helvum, Epomophorus gambianus, Faunistik, Gerbillus agag maradius ssp. nov., Lagomorpha, Lipotyphla, Mammalia, Molossidae, morphology, Niger, Pteropodidae, Rodentia, Soricidae, species description, systematics, taxonomy, Verbreitung, West Africa}, author = {Kock, D.} } @article {3557, title = {Activity patterns, habitat use, and prey selection by some African insectivorous bats}, journal = {Biotropica}, volume = {9}, number = {2}, year = {1977}, month = {1977a}, pages = {73-85}, abstract = {Between Jan. 10 and Feb. 14, 1976, activity patterns, habitat use and selection of prey by some insectivorous bats were studied in mopane and brachystegia deciduous woodlands in the Sengwa Wild Life Research Area of the Hostes Nicolle Institute of Wild Life Research in Rhodesia, using ultrasonic detectors, light tags and analysis of insect remains from bat feces. Some bats were active throughout the night, in part feeding, but in general bat activity was reduced from around midnight until just before dawn. Rain tended to suppress bat activity, although the timing of the rain was important. Since insects remained active in the rain, the responses of the bats to rain probably reflected problems of thermoregulation associated with wet fur, and the effect of multiple echoes and attenuation of high-frequency sound on echolocation. Bright moonlight suppressed bat activity and altered the foraging patterns of light-tagged Scotophilus viridis, Eptesicus capensis and Nycticeius schlieffeni which on dark nights fed above the canopy and along the grassland sides of meadow /woodland interfaces, but which were mainly restricted within the woodland on bright moonlight nights. Since a pair of bat hawks (Macheiramphus alcinus) nested near the study area and fed mainly on bats, the bats{\textquoteright} responses to moonlight are probably predator-avoidance behaviors. S. viridis (15-20 g), E. capensis (5-6 g), and N. schlieffeni (5-6 g) appeared to feed on concentrations of insects and responded quickly to aggregations of insect around lights. These bats fed mainly on beetles (S. viridis, 85\%; E. capensis, 68\%; N. schlieffeni, 72\%), although E. capensis also took moths (18.5\%) and N. schlieffeni took flies (19\%). Other insectivorous bats in the study area fed mainly on moths (Hipposideros caffer, Laephotis angolensis, Glauconycteris variegata) or beetles (S. nigrita), or both (Rhinolophus hildebrandti, Pipistrellus nanus). Data for some insectivorous bats from the vicinity of Salisbury, Rhodesia, indicated a similar separation for some bats (moths, Nycteris thebaica, R. landeri; beetles, R. clivosus) in addition to 2 spp. of Miniopterus which took mainly aquatic Diptera. The data with those from other works, are used to illustrate partitioning of insect prey by the species of bats known to occur in the Sengwa Wild Life Research Area.}, keywords = {[Nycticeinops schlieffenii] Nycticeius schlieffeni, activity patterns, Beutespektrum, Biotopwahl, Chaerephon bivittatus, Chaerephon nigeriae, Chiroptera, diet, ecology, Emballonuridae, feeding habits, Flederm{\"a}use, food distribution, foraging, Glauconycteris variegata, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros caffer, Hipposideros commersoni [vittatus], Laephotis angolensis, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus fraterculus, Miniopterus schreibersii, Molossidae, moonlight, Myotis welwitschii, Nahrungsspektrum, Nahrungswahl, Neoromicia capensis, Neoromicia nanus, niche overlap, Nycteridae, Nycteris thebaica, Nycteris woodi, opportunistic feeder, optimal foraging, Pipistrellus kuhlii [hesperidus], Pipistrellus rusticus, predation pressure, predator avoidance, rain, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus clivosus, Rhinolophus fumigatus, Rhinolophus hildebrandtii, Rhinolophus landeri, Scotophilus nigrita, Scotophilus viridis, Southern Africa, Taphozous mauritianus, Vespertilionidae, Zimbabwe}, author = {Fenton, M. B. and Boyle, N. G. H. and Harrison, T. M. and Oxley, D. J.} } @article {3898, title = {African bats allied to Kerivoula lanosa (A. Smith, 1847) (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)}, journal = {Rev. Zool. Afr.}, volume = {91}, number = {3}, year = {1977}, month = {1977a}, pages = {623-633}, abstract = {The smaller of the African forms of Kerivoula with fringed interfemoral membrane are reviewed and discussed. They are referred to 1 sp., K. lanosa (A. Smith, 1847), with K. l. harrisoni Thomas, 1901, K. l. muscilla Thomas, 1906 and K. l. lucia Hinton, 1920 as valid subspecies. K. harrisoni bellula Aellen, 1959 is considered a synonym of K. lanosa muscilla.}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, evolution, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, Kerivoula harrisoni bellula [lanosa], Kerivoula lanosa harrisoni, Kerivoula lanosa lucia, Kerivoula lanosa muscilla, Mammalia, morphology, systematics, taxonomy, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Hill, J. Edwards} } @article {3020, title = {An annotated inventory of three small collections of Nigerian Microchiroptera (Mammalia, Chiroptera)}, journal = {Z. S{\"a}ugetierk.}, volume = {42}, number = {5}, year = {1977}, month = {1977a}, pages = {279-289}, abstract = {The Nigerian Microchiroptera in the history collections of the universities of Ibadan and Ife (Nigeria) Amsterdam (Holland) are listed. Important data and some measurements of each specimen are given. Some species are discussed in detail. Myotis bocagei cupreolus Thomas, 1904, and Tadarida (Mops) congica congica (Allen, 1917) are 1st records for Nigeria. The occurrence of Rhinolophus landeri Martin, 1838, in Nigeria is suggested. Some Eptesicus specimens are assigned to E. capensis (Smith, 1829) and E. somalicus (Thomas, 1901). Four hitherto unknown specimens of Scotophilus gigas Dobson, 1875, are recorded, and the type locality of this species is discussed.}, keywords = {[Mops condylurus] Tadarida condylura, [Mops trevori] Tadarida congica, [Mops] Tadarida midas, [Mops] Tadarida thersites, [Neoromicia brunnea] Eptesicus brunneus, [Neoromicia guineensis] Eptesicus somalicus, [Neoromicia nana] Pipistrellus nanus, [Neoromicia] Eptesicus capensis [partim N. somalicus], Chaerephon nigeriae, Chaerephon pumilus, Chiroptera, ecology, Emballonuridae, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, habitat preferences, Hangpl{\"a}tze, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros beatus, Hipposideros commersoni [vittatus], Hipposideros cyclops, Lavia frons, Mammalia, Megadermatidae, Molossidae, morphology, Myotis bocagii, Nigeria, Nycteridae, Nycteris arge, Nycteris grandis, Nycteris hispida, Nycteris macrotis, Pipistrellus rueppellii, reproduction, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus fumigatus, Rhinolophus landeri, roosting behaviour, Scotoecus hirundo, Scotophilus gigas [nigrita], Scotophilus leucogaster [partim S. viridis], Scotophilus nigrita [dinganii], seasonality, species richness, systematics, Taphozous mauritianus, taxonomy, Vegetation, Vespertilionidae, West Africa}, author = {Bergmans, W.} } @article {4094, title = {Aspects of the assimilation of sugars by Rousettus aegyptiacus}, journal = {Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A}, volume = {58}, number = {4}, year = {1977}, month = {1977}, pages = {349-352}, abstract = {1. The fruit bat Rousettus aegyptiacus assimilates both glucose and fructose faster than the considerably larger laboratory rat.2. The fruit bat assimilates fructose faster than glucose.3. Hypertonic solutions of glucose and fructose undergo less dilution in the bat{\textquoteright}s small intestine than in that of the rat{\textquoteright}s.}, keywords = {assimilation, Chiroptera, physiology, Pteropodidae, Rousettus aegyptiacus}, url = {Keegan 1977.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0300-9629(77)90153-0}, author = {Keegan, D. J.} } @article {2976, title = {Catalogue des types de mammif{\`e}res et d{\textquoteright}oiseaux du Mus{\'e}um d{\textquoteright}Histoire naturelle de Gen{\`e}ve}, journal = {Rev. suisse Zool.}, volume = {84}, number = {1}, year = {1977}, month = {1977}, pages = {201-220}, keywords = {Africa, Aves, Cameroon, Chiroptera, Coleura kummeri [afra], Congo (Brazzaville), C{\^o}te d{\textquoteright}Ivoire, Emballonuridae, Epomophorus reii [gambianus], Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros gigas viegasi [vittatus], Hipposideros marisae, Ivory Coast, Mammalia, MHNG, Nycteridae, Nycteris aethiopica guineensis [macrotis], Nycteris benuensis [parisii], Nycteris intermedia, Pteropodidae, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus adami, Rhinolophus silvestris, Rousettus aegyptiacus occidentalis [unicolor], Triaenops persicus majusculus [afer majusculus], type catalogue, type specimens}, author = {Baud, F. J.} } @article {3406, title = {Chromosomes of some East African bats}, journal = {S{\"a}ugetierkdl. Mitt.}, volume = {25}, year = {1977}, month = {1977}, pages = {231-233}, abstract = {The chromosomes of bats Epomophorus wahlbergi, Rousettus aegyptiacus leachi and Triaenops afer from Kenya were investigated. The karyotypes of E. wahlbergi and R. aegyptiacus are compared with the already known data, and the karyotype of T. afer, consisting of 36 chromosomes, is here described for the first time.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, chromosomes, cytogenetics, East Africa, Epomophorus wahlbergi, Hipposideridae, karyotypes, Kenya, Pteropodidae, Rousettus aegyptiacus leachii, Triaenops afer}, author = {Duli{\'c}, B. and Mutere, F. A.} } @article {4382, title = {A comparative study of certain features of the alimentary canal and disposition of the viscera in Egyptian bats}, journal = {Annals of Zoology (Agra)}, volume = {13}, number = {2}, year = {1977}, month = {1977a}, pages = {63-82}, keywords = {anatomy, Chiroptera, Egypt, intestine, morphology, North Africa, oesophagus, palatal ridges, stomach, tongue}, author = {Madkour, G. A.} } @article {3213, title = {The conjugation of benzoic acid in the African bat, Epomops franqueti}, journal = {Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C}, volume = {56}, number = {2}, year = {1977}, month = {1977}, pages = {103-104}, abstract = {1. The conjugation of [14C]benzoic acid has been studied in a species of African fruit bat (Epomops franqueti). Hippuric acid was found as a metabolite of benzoic acid in this bat, in contrast to the Indian fruit bat (Pteropus giganteus) which does not make this metabolite.2. Three conjugates of benzoic acid were found in the urine of Epomops franqueti), namely benzoylglucuronide (32\% of the 14C excreted in 24 hr), benzoylglycine (hippuric acid; 31\%) and benzoylglutamic acid (11\%).}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Epomops franqueti, Nigeria, physiology, Pteropodidae, West Africa}, url = {Collins et al. 1977.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-4492(77)90021-1}, author = {Collins, M. W. and French, M. R. and Hirom, P. C. and Idle, J. R. and Bassir, O. and Williams, R. T.} } @article {2831, title = {D{\'e}placements saisonniers chez Miniopterus schreibersi natalensis (A. Smith, 1834) au Shaba m{\'e}ridional (S.E. Za{\"{\i}re, Afrique Centrale) (Mammalia Chiroptera)}, journal = {Rev. Zool. Afr.}, volume = {91}, number = {3}, year = {1977}, month = {1977}, pages = {721-729}, keywords = {banding, caves, Central Africa, Chiroptera, Congo (Kinshasa), day roosts, hibernation, homing, mark-recapture, migration, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus inflatus rufus, Miniopterus schreibersi natalensis, reproduction, seasonality, torpor, translocation experiments}, author = {Anciaux de Faveaux, M.} } @article {5376, title = {Foraging behaviour of the giant leaf-nosed bat (Hipposideros commersoni)}, journal = {E. Afr. Wildl. J.}, volume = {15}, number = {4}, year = {1977}, month = {1977}, pages = {237-249}, abstract = {Observations of the giant leaf-nosed bat (H. commersoni) were made in southern Kenya, East Africa. This bat was present in the study area only in March and early April, at the beginning of the March to May rains, and during the Nov. and Dec. rains. Only females were recorded. Food was large beetles of the families Cerambycidae, Elateridae, Scarabeidae and Chrysomelidae. The bats foraged chiefly in riverine vegetation, where they typically used vantage points some 6 m above the ground in acacia trees. Detection of prey at long range from avantage point, the selection of large prey, precise assessment of the distance and trajectory of the prey and interception of prey by brief and direct flights tend to optimize the energy return/unit of time during foraging. The echolocation signals in relation to foraging style are considered.}, keywords = {activity patterns, Beuteortung, Beutespektrum, Chiroptera, Coleoptera, day roosts, diet, East Africa, echolocation, energetics, Flederm{\"a}use, food, foraging, habitat preferences, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros commersoni [vittatus], Insecta, Kenya, migration, Nahrung, Nahrungsspektrum, optimal foraging, seasonality}, author = {Vaughan, T. A.} } @article {5380, title = {Four vespertilionid bats new to the fauna of Tunisia}, journal = {Mammalia}, volume = {41}, number = {4}, year = {1977}, month = {1977}, pages = {517-522}, abstract = {Four bats: Myotis emarginatus, M. capaccinii, Pipistrellus pipistrellus, and P. savii, essentially European in distribution, and previously unknown from Tunisia are reported from the northern part of that country.}, keywords = {[Hypsugo] Pipistrellus savii, Chiroptera, Eptesicus serotinus [isabellinus], Myotis blythi [punicus], Myotis capaccinii, Myotis emarginatus, North Africa, Pipistrellus pipistrellus, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, Rhinolophus hipposideros, Tunisia, Vespertilionidae}, url = {Vaughan et al. 1977.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mamm.1977.41.4.517}, author = {Vaughan, T. C. and Cockrum, E. L. and Vaughan, P. J.} } @article {4638, title = {Functional anatomy of the alimentary canal in the fruit bat, Eidolon helvum, and the insect bat, Tadarida nigeriae}, journal = {Acta Zool. (Stockh.)}, volume = {58}, number = {2}, year = {1977}, month = {1977}, pages = {83-93}, abstract = {The gastrointestinal anatomy of the frugivorous bat, Eidolon helvum was compared with that of the insectivorous bat, Tadarida nigeriae. Both show modifications related to differences in their food habits as well as other anatomical peculiarities. The gastroesophageal junction in Eidolon helvum possesses a sphincter-like protrusion. The posterior 10 mm of the esophagus in the same bat has well developed gastric glands, while the stomach is unexpectedly very rich in zymogenic and parietal cells. The intestine in this species is about 170 cm long; the posterior 30 cm of this is of colonic histology, though showing no external morphological difference from the small intestine. The anterior duodenum of Tadarida nigeriae has an external protuberance consisting of mucus secreting glands. The intestine of this bat has no colon, but a very short rectum of goblet cells is present.}, keywords = {anatomy, Chaerephon nigeriae, Chiroptera, Eidolon helvum, histology, Molossidae, morphology, Nigeria, Pteropodidae, West Africa}, url = {Okon 1977.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6395.1977.tb00242.x}, author = {Okon, E. E.} } @article {4237, title = {Genets feeding on nectar from Maranthes polyandra in northern Ghana}, journal = {E. Afr. Wildl. J.}, volume = {15}, number = {3}, year = {1977}, month = {1977}, pages = {233-234}, abstract = {During bat pollination studies of Maranthes polyandra in Mole National Park (Ghana), genets (Genetta tigrina) were observed regularly visiting the inflorescences. Genets were regarded in early accounts as strictly carnivorous; undoubtedly small mammals and birds form the bulk of their diet. Several observations have shown that in Africa, at least, they consume some vegetable material. They have a highly developed sense of smell and may have been attracted to the trees by the powerful odor emitted by the flowers. Possibly they may have been attracted by the bats since genets are known to feed on bats. Plants adapted for bat pollination are likely to be the only ones visited regularly by genets since these are the only plants in which nectar production is copious at night. Genets probably transfer pollen occasionally.}, keywords = {Carnivora, Genetta tigrina, Ghana, Mammalia, Maranthes polyandra, Mole National Park, nectarivory, pollination, West Africa}, url = {Lack 1977.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2028.1977.tb00404.x}, author = {Lack, A.} } @article {3172, title = {Histochemistry of blood and bone marrow smears of the straw-colored fruit eating bat, Eidolon helvum}, journal = {J. Anat.}, volume = {124}, number = {1}, year = {1977}, month = {1977}, pages = {31-39}, keywords = {blood, bone marrow, Chiroptera, Eidolon helvum, histochemistry, Nigeria, physiology, Pteropodidae, West Africa}, author = {Caxton-Martins, A. E.} } @article {4390, title = {Histology of the frontal sac in three species of leaf-nosed bats (Hipposideridae)}, journal = {E. Afr. Wildl. J.}, volume = {15}, year = {1977}, month = {1977}, pages = {147-155}, abstract = {Histological studies were made of the median frontal sac from both male and female specimens of Hipposideros commersoni, H. ruber, and Triaenops persicus. In H. commersoni this organ which is more prominent in the male than in the female, contained tri-lobed sebaceous glands associated with hair follicles and modestly enlarged simple saccular apocrine glands. On the other hand this structure in H. ruber consisted entirely of a coiled-lobule type of apocrine gland. The female had only a rudimentary gland without any sac. The complex frontal gland in T. persicus consisted of (1) a superficial haired layer containing sebaceous glands and saccular apocrine glands, (2) a deeper-lying enormously convoluted peculiar type of apocrine gland which was more active in males than females. The sexual dimorphism expressed in both the development and activity of the frontal gland in these hipposiderid bats suggests possible important roles in the mediation of behavioural and physiological responses related to reproduction.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, East Africa, Flederm{\"a}use, glands, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros commersoni [gigas-vittatus], Hipposideros ruber, mating systems, olfactory communication, reproduction, scent, sexual dimorphism, Tanzania, Triaenops persicus [afer]}, author = {Mainoya, J. R. and Howell, K. M.} } @article {3079, title = {The karyotypes of two species of bats (Pteropus poliocephalus and Hypsignathus monstrosus)}, journal = {Chromosome Information Service}, number = {23}, year = {1977}, month = {1977}, pages = {6-7}, keywords = {Chiroptera, chromosomes, cytogenetics, Hypsignathus monstrosus, karyotypes, Pteropodidae, Pteropus poliocephalus}, author = {Bogart, M. H. and Kumamoto, A. T. and Benirschke, K.} } @article {3112, title = {Lek mating behavior in the hammer-headed bat}, journal = {Z. Tierpsychol.}, volume = {45}, number = {3}, year = {1977}, month = {1977a}, pages = {225-255}, abstract = {Hypsignathus monstrosus were studied in the field in Gaboon over a four year period. A total of 17 months was spent in the study, most of which were concurrent with the June-August calling periods. Males were found to assemble twice annually at traditional sites, set up calling territories roughly 10 m in diameter, and call each night from 18.30 h to 23.00 h and again from 03.00 h to 05.00 h. The number of males calling rises erratically to a peak at the end of the second month of calling and then falls rapidly to zero in the third month. While males may shift positions and contest territories early in the season, few territorial relocations seem to occur after copulations begin midway through the season. Males display by hanging from a branch, flapping the partially opened wings, and emitting a loud harmonically rich call at rates of roughly once a second. Females visit the assembly sites, hover before males while the latter perform a stereotyped syncopation of the usual call, and eventually settle next to one male for mating. Mating is rapid and the male resumes calling immediately afterwards. Mating success was highly skewed in the major assembly studied with 6 \% of the males accounting for 79 \% of the 50 copulations recorded in 1974. Successful males were aggregated into {\textquotedblleft}mating centers{\textquotedblright} as has been reported for other lek species. Given the peculiar linear geometry of these leks, several mating centers may occur within any one site.Most day roosts located contained only solitary animals. Groups of bats do occur and can contain adult females, recent juveniles, newborn young and even adult males. All day roosts are located in the foliage of the forest canopy and all behavior at the roosts is extremely cryptic and subdued. No interactions between males and young have ever been noted at the day roosts.Both sexes fly several km to feed, and males currently displaying at assembly areas may fly as far as 10 km between the assembly sites and foraging grounds. Several tropical fruit trees dominate the diets and sample distributions both on and off the assembly areas were surveyed. It is concluded that there are few if any food resources within the assembly areas during the period of calling and mating.Captive animals indicated that females can become sexually active at 6 months of age while males are neither sexually potent nor fully developed until 18 months of age. The matching of several discrete size classes of females and males netted at the assembly sites in June-August with growth curves indicates that both males and females born the previous mating season 6 months earlier and all older age classes visit the assembly areas.Since Hypsignathus a) show no male parental care, b) display and mate at arenas, c) have no significant resources within male display territories which females need, and d) exhibit female choice of mates, it is concluded that this species has a lek mating system in the classical sense. In addition, the species shows many other features commonly associated with leks: strong sexual dimorphism, sexual bimaturism, traditional arena locations, highly ritualized male displays, extreme skew in mating success among males, and the existence of mating centers on the lek sites.}, keywords = {behaviour, Central Africa, Chiroptera, day roosts, ecology, Gabon, Hypsignathus monstrosus, lek mating, mating arenas, mating systems, Pteropodidae, radio-tracking, reproduction}, url = {Bradbury 1977.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.1977.tb02120.x}, author = {Bradbury, J. W.} } @article {5389, title = {Les cheiropt{\`e}res du Mont Nimba (Liberia)}, journal = {Mammalia}, volume = {40}, number = {4}, year = {1977}, month = {1977 [for 1976]}, pages = {615-632}, abstract = {Bats (273) of 18 spp. were collected in the Mount Nimba area (Liberia, West Africa), near the northern limit of the forest (altitude 500-1350 m). The majority of the animals (90\%) were represented by Pteropidae, due to the intensive use of nylon nets. Myonycteris torquata leptodon seems the most common. Lists of collections and ecological observations are followed by more general indications concerning some problems: distributions of species, biotopes, reproduction, associations, migrations and anthropological factors. (New records for Liberia were Rousettus aegyptiacus occidentalis, R. angolensis smithi, Rhinolophus alcyone, Tadarida nanula and T. pumila. Other species include Eidolon helvumhelvum, Hypsignathus monstrosus, Epomops buettikoferi, Nanonycteris veldkampii, Myonycteris torquata leptodon, Megaloglossus woermanni, Nycteris grandis, N. arge, Hipposideros ruber guineensis, H. cyclops, Eptesicus capensis, Tadarida thersites and Scotonycteris zenkeri occidentalis.).}, keywords = {[Chaerephon pumilus] Tadarida pumila, [Lissonycteris] Rousettus angolensis smithi, [Mops nanulus] Tadarida nanula, [Mops] Tadarida thersites, [Neoromicia] Eptesicus capensis [partim Mimetillus moloneyi], behaviour, biodiversity, Chiroptera, ecology, Eidolon helvum, Epomops buettikoferi, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, habitat preferences, Hangpl{\"a}tze, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros cyclops, Hipposideros ruber guineensis, Hypsignathus monstrosus, Liberia, Mammalia, Megaloglossus woermanni, migration, Molossidae, morphology, Myonycteris torquata leptodon, Nanonycteris veldkampii, Nycteridae, Nycteris arge, Nycteris grandis, Pteropodidae, reproduction, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus alcyone [R. hillorum], roosting behaviour, Rousettus aegyptiacus occidentalis [unicolor], Scotonycteris zenkeri occidentalis, seasonality, species richness, systematics, taxonomy, Vespertilionidae, West Africa, zoogeography}, url = {Verschuren 1977.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mamm.1976.40.4.615}, author = {Verschuren, J.} } @article {2948, title = {Maintenance of Glossina palpalis fed through bat{\textquoteright}s wing membrane on defibrinated blood}, journal = {Acta trop.}, volume = {34}, number = {4}, year = {1977}, month = {1977}, pages = {321-326}, abstract = {Teneral laboratory-bred G. palpalis were successfully fed through bat{\textquoteright}s wing membrane on defibrinated blood. [...] Membranes made from the African fruit bat wings are usable; this type of membrane would be valuable for a median scale rearing program for tsetse flies.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Diptera, Eidolon-helvum, Insecta, methods, Nigeria, parasitism, Pteropodidae, West Africa}, author = {Balogun, R. A.} } @article {3171, title = {The myoglobin of the fruit-bat Rousettus aegyptiacus}, journal = {Biochimica et Biophysica Acta}, volume = {492}, number = {1}, year = {1977}, month = {1977}, pages = {232-236}, abstract = {The myoglobin of the fruit-bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus) has been investigated. It has 153 amino acid residues. When the possible therian ancestral myoglobin is taken into consideration, the myoglobin of the fruit-bat resembles most closely that of the hedgehog.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Mammalia, myoglobin, phylogeny, Pteropodidae, Rousettus aegyptiacus, South Africa}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0005279577902306}, author = {Castillo, O. and Lehmann, H.} } @article {5401, title = {Neue Nachweise der Rhinopoma hardwickei (Chiroptera) aus Westafrika}, journal = {Bonn. zool. Beitr.}, volume = {28}, number = {3-4}, year = {1977}, month = {1977}, pages = {228-231}, keywords = {bushmeat, Chiroptera, hunting, Mali, Niger, Rhinopoma hardwickii, Rhinopomatidae, West Africa}, author = {Vogel, P.} } @article {5048, title = {A new bat flea from Nigeria (Siphonaptera: Ischnopsyllidae)}, journal = {Beaufortia}, volume = {26}, number = {330}, year = {1977}, month = {1977}, pages = {39-42}, keywords = {[Allopsylla] Lagaropsylla alloides sp. nov., [Mops trevori] Tadarida congica, Chiroptera, ectoparasites, Insecta, Ischnopsyllidae, Molossidae, parasitism, Siphonaptera, West Africa}, author = {Smit, F. G. A. M.} } @article {4980, title = {On a new trematode, Prohemistomum azimi n. sp. (Trematoda: Cyathocotylidae) from the Egyptian slit-faced bat}, journal = {Z. Parasitenkd.}, volume = {53}, number = {3}, year = {1977}, month = {1977b}, pages = {281-285}, abstract = {Prohemistomum azimi n. sp. is described from one out of four Egyptian slit-faced bats, Nycteris thebaica Geffroy, 1910 captured from Giza, Egypt. The new species is compared with other related species of the genus and its specific diagnosis is outlined. The new species is the first record of the genus Prohemistomum Odhner, 1913 from Chiroptera.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Egypt, endoparasites, North Africa, Nycteridae, Nycteris thebaica, parasitism}, url = {Saoud \& Ramadan 1977b.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00389945}, author = {Saoud, M. F. A. and Ramadan, M. M.} } @article {3021, title = {Notes on new material of Rousettus madagascariensis Grandidier, 1929 (Mammalia, Megachiroptera)}, journal = {Mammalia}, volume = {41}, number = {1}, year = {1977}, month = {1977b}, pages = {67-74}, abstract = {Biometrics of 16 specimens of R. madagascariensis are given. Characters and affinities, distribution and habitat are discussed.}, keywords = {Africa, Chiroptera, endemic, Madagascar, morphology, Pteropodidae, Rousettus madagascariensis, systematics, taxonomy}, url = {Bergmans 1977b.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mamm.1977.41.1.67}, author = {Bergmans, W.} } @article {3522, title = {Nouveaux acariens Astigmates cavernicoles du Kenya}, journal = {Rev. suisse Zool.}, volume = {84}, number = {3}, year = {1977}, month = {1977a}, pages = {565-581}, abstract = {3 new genera and 6 new species are described: Troglotacarus hauseri n. gen. n. sp., Nycteriglyphus squamatus n. sp., Kimakiacarus aelleni n. gen. n. sp., Kimakiglyphus strinatii n. gen. n. sp., Suidasia africana n. sp., Austroglycyphagus (A.) kenyensis n. sp. The new genus Troglotacarus could not be attached to any known family and it is placed therefore in Troglotacaridae fam. nov.}, keywords = {Acari, Africa, Arachnida, Austroglycyphagus kenyensis sp. nov., caves, Chiroptera, Coleura afra, Emballonuridae, Kenya, Kimakiacarus aelleni gen. \& sp. nov., Kimakiglyphus strinatii gen. \& sp. nov., Nycteriglyphus squamatus sp. nov., Suidasia africana sp. nov., Troglotacaridae fam. nov., Troglotacarus hauseri gen. \& sp. nov.}, author = {Fain, A.} } @article {4991, title = {The occurrence of the aloe bat Eptesicus zuluensis in the Kruger National Park}, journal = {Koedoe}, volume = {20}, year = {1977}, month = {1977}, pages = {187-188}, keywords = {[Neoromicia] Eptesicus capensis, Chiroptera, Neoromicia zuluensis, South Africa, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Schlitter, D. A. and Rautenbach, I. L.} } @article {3560, title = {Prey of bat hawks and availability of bats}, journal = {Condor}, volume = {79}, number = {4}, year = {1977}, month = {1977b}, pages = {495-497}, keywords = {Aves, Beutespektrum, Chaerephon sp., Chiroptera, diet, ecology, energetics, Flederm{\"a}use, foraging, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros caffer, Laephotis angolensis, Macheiramphus alcinus, Molossidae, Nahrungswahl, Neoromicia capensis, Nycticeinops schlieffenii, Pipistrellus sp., predation pressure, Pteropodidae, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus sp., Scotophilus sp., Southern Africa, Vespertilionidae, Zimbabwe}, author = {Fenton, M. B. and Cumming, D. H. M. and Oxley, D. J.} } @article {3620, title = {Report on the bats (Chiroptera) obtained by the Zaire River Expedition}, journal = {Bonn. zool. Beitr.}, volume = {28}, number = {1-2}, year = {1977}, month = {1977}, pages = {19-32}, abstract = {A substantial collection of bats was made by one of the authors (M.D.G.) on the Zaire River Expedition. It comprised 212 specimens, representing seven families and 22 species. The material has been identified and studied by D.L.H. It included one species new to science, which has been described elsewhere (Harrison 1975). The type specimen of this new molossid is now in the British Museum (Natural History) collection, while the remainder of the material is located in the Harrison Zoological Museum, Sevenoaks, Kent, England.}, keywords = {[Chaerephon pumilus] Tadarida (Chaerephon) pumila, [Chaerephon] Tadarida (Chaerephon) gallagheri, [Micropteropus] Micropterus pusillus, [Mops condylurus] Tadarida (Mops) condylura, [Mops nanulus] Tadarida (Mops) nanula, [Mops] Tadarida (Mops) thersites, [Neoromicia nana] Pipistrellus nanus, [Neoromicia] Eptesicus rendalli, Central Africa, Chiroptera, Congo (Kinshasa), distribution, Epomophorus labiatus, Epomops franqueti, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, Glauconycteris beatrix, habitat preferences, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros ruber, Lavia frons, Mammalia, Megadermatidae, Mimetillus moloneyi, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus schreibersi, Molossidae, Myonycteris torquata, Myotis bocagei [bocagii], Nycteridae, Nycteris arge, Nycteris hispida, Nycteris macrotis, Pteropodidae, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus alcyone, Scotophilus nigrita [nux], species richness, systematics, taxonomy, Verbreitung, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Gallagher, M. D. and Harrison, D. L.} } @article {4283, title = {Reproduction and behavior of the African banana bat, Pipistrellus nanus}, journal = {J. Mamm.}, volume = {58}, number = {3}, year = {1977}, month = {1977}, pages = {403-410}, abstract = {Roosting behavior and reproductive chronology of the banana bat, P. nanus, were studied in Natal, South Africa. These bats roost singly or in small groups in rolled leaves of bananas (Musa sp.) and Strelitzia. Sex ratios were 1:1 for adults but 2:1 (female:male) in juveniles. Group structure was faculatative and ephemeral, and movements were for short distances. P. nanus is monestrous and seasonal, with births of single or twin infants in Nov. and Dec. Males reached peak testis size in May and had abdominal testes most of the remainder of the year.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, Flederm{\"a}use, group size, Natal, Neoromicia nana, reproduction, roosting behaviour, sex ratio, social behaviour, social organization, South Africa, Vespertilionidae}, author = {LaVal, R. K. and LaVal, M. L.} } @article {2891, title = {Results of the Winifred T. Carter Expedition 1975 to Botswana, Mammals {\textendash} Chiroptera}, journal = {Botswana Notes \& Records}, volume = {9}, year = {1977}, month = {1977}, pages = {145-154}, abstract = {A collection of 133 bats representing 20 species was made between 15 November and 15 December 1975 within a 25 km radius of Xugana, Botswana. Three species obtained, Epomorphorus gambianus, Nycteris hispida and Tadarida chapini are new records for Botswana. Some observations and breeding data are given together with a systematic list of the species collected, numbering 84, which were made up as study skins. The remaining 49 specimens consisting of duplicates, were preserved in formalin.}, keywords = {[Chaerephon pumilus] Tadarida pumila, [Chaerephon] Tadarida chapini, [Chaerephon] Tadarida nigeriae, [Mops] Tadarida midas, [Neoromicia somalica] Eptesicus somalicus, [Neoromicia] Eptesicus capensis, [Neoromicia] Eptesicus rendalli, [Nycticeinops schlieffenii] Nycticeius schlieffeni, Botswana, Chiroptera, day roosts, diet, Emballonuridae, Epomophorus crypturus, Epomophorus gambianus, food, foraging, Glauconycteris variegata, Laephotis botswanae, Mammalia, Molossidae, Nycteridae, Nycteris hispida, Nycteris thebaica, Pipistrellus kuhlii subtilis [hesperidus], Pipistrellus rueppelli [rueppellii], Pipistrellus rusticus, Pteropodidae, reproduction, Scotophilus leucogaster, Scotophilus nigrita [dinganii], Southern Africa, Taphozous mauritianus, Vegetation, Vespertilionidae}, url = {Archer 1977.pdf http://www.jstor.org/stable/40979518}, author = {Archer, A. L.} } @article {3899, title = {A review of the Rhinopomatidae (Mammalia: Chiroptera)}, journal = {Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Zool.)}, volume = {32}, number = {2}, year = {1977}, month = {1977b}, pages = {29-43}, abstract = {The major diagnostic features of the microchiropteran family Rhinopomatidae are reviewed, with a detailed account of the sole included genus, Rhinopoma. Current taxonomic opinion in the genus is synthesized with the recognition of three species.}, keywords = {Africa, Arabia, Asia, Chiroptera, Flederm{\"a}use, humerus, India, Mammalia, morphology, revision, Rhinopoma hardwickii, Rhinopoma microphyllum, Rhinopoma muscatellum, Rhinopomatidae, Sumatra, systematics, taxonomy, zoogeography}, author = {Hill, J. Edwards} } @article {4981, title = {A review of the trematode genus Anchitrema Looss, 1899 (Dicrocoeliidae), with a redescription of Anchitrema sanguineum (Sonsino, 1894) and Anchitrema longiformis n. sp. from some Egyptian bats}, journal = {Z. Parasitenkd.}, volume = {54}, number = {1}, year = {1977}, month = {1977a}, pages = {61-67}, abstract = {The genus Anchitrema Looss, 1899, is reviewed and the validity of some of its species is discussed. It is suggested that A. congolense (Sandground, 1937) Yamaguti, 1958, and A. lucknowensis Agrawal, 1966, should be considered as synonyms of A. latum Gedoelst, 1919, and A. philippinorum (Tubangui, 1928) Yamaguti, 1958, respectively. A. sanguineum (Sonsino, 1894) Looss, 1899, is redescribed from five species of Egyptian bats, of which two represent new host records of this trematode. Moreover, A. longiformis n. sp. is described from Asellia tridens tridens caught from Upper Egypt. The new species differs from other related species of the genus by its characteristic elongated body shape, where the length/width ratio is >7:1, and by the location of the testes.}, keywords = {Asellia tridens, Chiroptera, Egypt, Emballonuridae, endoparasites, Hipposideridae, North Africa, Otonycteris hemprichii, parasitism, Platyhelminthes, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus clivosus brachygnathus, Rhinopoma hardwickii cystops, Rhinopomatidae, Taphozous nudiventris, Trematoda, Vespertilionidae}, url = {Saoud \& Ramdan 1977a.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00380637}, author = {Saoud, M. F. A. and Ramadan, M. M.} } @article {3521, title = {Arachnides, Acariens, Astigmata, Listrophoroidea}, journal = {Faune de Madagascar}, volume = {42}, year = {1976}, month = {1976a}, pages = {1-131}, keywords = {Acari, Africa, Arachnida, Chiroptera, ectoparasites, Madagascar, parasitism, Pteropodidae, Pteropus rufus}, author = {Fain, A.} } @article {5277, title = {Bacula of some Old-World leaf-nosed bats (Rhinolophidae and Hipposideridae, Chiroptera: Mammalia)}, journal = {Vertebrata Hungarica}, volume = {16}, year = {1976}, month = {1976 [for 1975]}, pages = {21-54}, abstract = {Descriptions and figures of bacula of 26 bat species and subspecies of Rhinolophidae and Hipposideridae in the collections of the Hungarian Natural History Museum from the Old World (except Africa and Europe) with taxonomic notes and consideration.}, keywords = {Asia, baculum, China, Chiroptera, Hipposideridae, India, morphology, Rhinolophidae, systematics, taxonomy, Vietnam}, author = {Top{\'a}l, G.} } @book {4453, title = {The Biology of Tadarida (Chaerephon) pumila (Cretzschmar) and Partitioning of Food Resources among Insectivorous Bats in Northern Ghana}, year = {1976}, month = {1976}, pages = {105}, publisher = {BSc Thesis}, organization = {BSc Thesis}, address = {University of Aberden}, keywords = {Chaerephon pumilus, Chiroptera, Molossidae, West Africa}, author = {McWilliam, A. N.} } @article {4657, title = {The biology of the batbug Stricticimex antennatus (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) in South Africa}, journal = {Ann. Natal Mus.}, volume = {22}, number = {3}, year = {1976}, month = {1976}, pages = {821-828}, abstract = {A colony of Stricticimex antennatus Ferris \& Usinger from a bat-roost near Pietermaritzburg, Natal, was estimated 10 contain more than 50.000 individuals. The batbugs were observed to feed on Myotis tricolor, Rhinolophus simulator, R. clivosus, Nycteris thebaica, and Hipposideros caffer. People entering the bat-roost were bitten, and several developed skin sensitivity to the bites. In the laboratory batbugs were fed on rabbits and rats, and found to undergo five nymphal instars. Moulting did not take place in unfed individuals. The aggregating and orientation behaviour of the batbugs in response to simple stimuli is described.}, keywords = {Chiroptera, day roosts, ecology, ectoparasites, Hemiptera, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros caffer, Insecta, Myotis tricolor, Nycteridae, Nycteris thebaica, parasitism, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus clivosus, Rhinolophus simulator, roosting, South Africa, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Overal, W. L. and Wingate, L. R.} } @article {3162, title = {Catalogo dei tipi del Museo civico di Storia naturale di Milano. III. I tipi dei mammiferi, con un profilo storico sulla collezione mammalogica}, journal = {Atti Soc. ital. Sci. nat. Mus. civ. Stor. nat. Milano}, volume = {117}, number = {3-4}, year = {1976}, month = {1976}, pages = {85-108}, abstract = {The author draws the historical outline of the collection of the mammals of the Civic Museum of Naturai History of Milan, from its foundation (1838) till now. Since in 1943 the museum was almost destroyed by a bombardment, most of the collections were lost, except those of micromammals skins, the Hall of Italian Mammals and few other specimens. Today the theriological collections include almost 5700 specimens (2960 skins, 1400 specimens in alcohol, 900 mounted specimens, 450 skeletons and skulls), belonging to over 400 species.The author considers the main acquisitions, studying historical records and the specific literature on Museum{\textquoteright}s collections. Among others it is related about the collections of G. Osculati from South America (Cornalia, 1849 and Osculati, 1860 and 1854), from Eritrea of Dr. P. Magretti (Bordelli, 1902), from Somaliland of V. T. Zammarano (Parisi, 1923a), from Abyssinia of U. Ignesti (De Beaux, 1925b), from Congo of Dr. A. Rossi (De Beaux, 1925a), from Africa too of Baron L. Franchiti and L. Tonker (De Beaux, 1923a), from Haiti of the brothers R. and E. Ciferri (1927-1930), from the expeditions of Prof. G. Scortecci in Somaliland (1931: De Beaux, 1934), in Fezzan (1936: Parisi, 1938) and in Migiurtinia (1954; Toschi, 1956). From the Italy important are the collections of micromammals, especially of Trentino and the larger Festa Collection, both saved from fire.The author remembers the activity of the zoologists who worked in the Museum of Milan also in mammalian field, the founder G. Jan, Cornalia, Bordelli and above all Parisi. He briefly describes the disposition of the mammalian exhibition opened to the public during the years of history of Museum of Milan, in its three different buildings.In the second part of this work the types of mammals of Museum of Natural History of Milan are listed, regarding 13 taxa; 4 Types still exist (Scotoecus artinii De Beaux, 1923; Arvicanthis abyssinicus rossii De Beaux, 1925; Acomys bovonei De Beaux, 1934; Heterocephalus glaber scorteccii De Beaux, 1934), 9 were destroyed by a fire in the 1943 (Vespertilio Osculati Cornalia, 1849; Lepus De-Filippi Cornalia, 1849; Bradypus trivittatus Cornalia, 1849; Felis jacobita Cornalia, 1865; Sorex intermedius Cornalia, 1870; Petalia (Nycteris) thebaica aurantiaca De Beaux, 1923; Cercopithecus (Insignicebus) albogularis zammaranoi De Beaux, 1923; Petalia parisii De Beaux, 1923; Genetta dongolana tedescoi De Beaux, 1923. Among our types, 5 taxa were described by Prof. Emilie Cornalia, 8 by Prof. Oscar De Beaux. Their geographical distribution is: 8 from Africa, 4 from South America and 1 from Italy.The bibliography at the end of the work embraces 109 titles: the papers which contain the original description of the listed types, the papers on the mammalogical collections of the Museum of Milan, as well as the biographies of the zoologists, who worked on this field.}, keywords = {[Nycteris] Petalia parisii, [Nycteris] Petalia thebaica aurantiaca, Africa, bibliography, Chiroptera, Europe, Italy, Kenya, Mammalia, museum collections, Nycteridae, Scotoecus artinii [hirundo], Somalia, South America, type specimens, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Cagnolaro, L.} } @article {2830, title = {Distribution des chiropt{\`e}res en Alg{\'e}rie, avec notes {\'e}cologiques et parasitologiques}, journal = {Bull. Soc. Hist. nat. Afr. Nord}, volume = {67}, number = {1-2}, year = {1976}, month = {1976a}, pages = {69-80}, keywords = {Algeria, caves, Chiroptera, day roosts, ectoparasites, Hipposideridae, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus schreibersi, Myotis blythi oxygnathus [punicus], North Africa, parasitism, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, Rhinolophus hipposideros minimus, Rhinopomatidae, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Anciaux de Faveaux, M.} } @article {2829, title = {La l{\'e}thargie chez les chiropt{\`e}res cavernicoles d{\textquoteright}Afrique Centrale}, journal = {Int. J. Speleol.}, volume = {8}, number = {3}, year = {1976}, month = {1976b [for 1977?}, pages = {291-303}, abstract = {From his personal research undertaken in the subterranean field (natural and artificial cavities) in Shaba (ex-Katanga, in S.E. Zaire) and Rwanda, the author briefly defines the macroclimate of the prospected regions as well as the microclimate of the subterranean habitat (humidity and temperature). A reversible hypothermia has been noticed in the dry season only (from May till August) in eleven species of troglophile Chiroptera belonging to the following families: Rhinolophidae (7 species of Rhinolophus), Hipposideridae (only Hipposideros ruber) and Vespertilionidae (Miniopterus inflatus rufus, Miniopterus schreibersi arenarius\&M. s. natalensis, Myotis tricolor). No sign of lethargy has been noticed in the Megachiroptera (Lissonycteris angolensis, Rousettus aegyptiacus leachi), Emballonuridae (Taphozous perforatus sudani), Hipposideridae (Cloeotis percivali australis) or Nycteridae (3 species of Nycteris). There could be correlations between lethargy and breeding if one takes into account the phenomena of late ovulation and delayed implantation. The entry into lethargy is not caused by the scarcity of food. It does not concern all the individuals of a colony or in various populations of a cave. The degree of humidity appears to be more important than the temperature as far as the conditions for hibernation are concerned.}, keywords = {caves, Central Africa, Chiroptera, climate, Cloeotis percivali australis, Congo (Kinshasa), day roosts, Emballonuridae, hibernation, Hipposideridae, Hipposideros commersoni gigas, Hipposideros commersoni marungensis [vittatus], Hipposideros ruber, Lissonycteris angolensis, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus inflatus rufus, Miniopterus schreibersi arenarius, Miniopterus schreibersi natalensis, Molossidae, Myotis tricolor, Nycteridae, Nycteris aethiopica [macrotis], Nycteris macrotis, Nycteris thebaica, physiology, Pteropodidae, reproduction, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus blasii empusa, Rhinolophus clivosus zuluensis, Rhinolophus fumigatus exsul, Rhinolophus hildebrandti, Rhinolophus landeri lobatus, Rhinolophus simulator, Rhinolophus swinnyi, Rousettus aegyptiacus leachi, Rwanda, Tadarida fulminans, Taphozous perforatus sudani, temperature, torpor, Vespertilionidae}, url = {Anciaux de Faveaux 1976b.pdf http://www.ijs.speleo.it/article.php?id_art=287}, author = {Anciaux de Faveaux, M.} } @article {3897, title = {A note on Pipistrellus rusticus (Tomes, 1861) (Chiroptera Vespertilionidae)}, journal = {Rev. Zool. Afr.}, volume = {90}, number = {3}, year = {1976}, month = {1976a}, pages = {626-633}, abstract = {The African vespertilionid species P. rusticus (Tomes, 1861) is reviewed in some detail and the subspecies P. r. marrensis Thomas \& Hinton, 1923 recorded for the 1st time from Ghana, Cameroon and Kenya.}, keywords = {Africa, Cameroon, Chiroptera, ecology, Faunistik, Flederm{\"a}use, Ghana, Kenya, Mammalia, morphology, Pipistrellus rusticus, systematics, taxonomy, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Hill, J. Edwards} } @article {3519, title = {Notes sur des Myobiidae parasites des rongeurs, d{\textquoteright}insectivores et de chiropt{\`e}res (Acarina: Prostigmata)}, journal = {Acta Zool. Pathol. Antverpiensia}, volume = {64}, year = {1976}, month = {1976c}, pages = {3-32}, abstract = {The author studies a collection of myobiid mites parasitic on rodents, insectivores and bats. This material contains 15 species, amongst them 7 species and 2 subspecies are new and are described for the first time.}, keywords = {Acari, Africa, Arachnida, Asia, Australia, Chiroptera, ectoparasites, Emballonuridae, Europe, Hipposideridae, Mammalia, Myobiidae, Neotropics, New Guinea, North America, Pacific, parasitism, Phyllostomidae, Rhinolophidae, Rodentia, South America, Thyropteridae, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Fain, A.} } @article {3520, title = {Nouveaux acariens parasites de la superfamille Listrophoroidea (Astigmates)}, journal = {Acta Zool. Pathol. Antverpiensia}, volume = {64}, year = {1976}, month = {1976c}, pages = {37-67}, abstract = {The author gives the diagnosis of 8 new genera and 77 new species of mites of the superfamily Listrophoroidea.}, keywords = {[Labidocarpellus] Dentocarpus abyssinicus sp. nov., [Saccolaimus] Taphozous peli, Acari, Africa, Alabidocarpus glauconycteris sp. nov., Alabidocarpus hilli sp. nov., Alabidocarpus laviae sp. nov., Arachnida, Asia, Cameroon, Chirodiscidae, Chiroptera, Congo (Kinshasa), ectoparasites, Emballonuridae, Ethiopia, Furipteridae, Glauconycteris argentata, Hipposideridae, Lavia frons, Listrophoridae, Mammalia, Megadermatidae, Molossidae, Mormoopidae, New Guinea, North America, Nycteridae, Nycteris hispida, Olabidocarpus nycteris sp. nov., Olabidocarpus taphozous sp. nov., Olabidocarpus triaenops sp. nov., Otomops martiensseni, Pacific, Paradentocarpus subgen. nov., parasitism, Phyllostomidae, Pteropodidae, Rhinolophidae, Rodentia, Soricidae, South America, Tanzania, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Fain, A.} } @article {4978, title = {Studies on the helminth parasites of bats in Egypt and the factors influencing their occurrence with particular reference to digenetic trematodes}, journal = {Z. Parasitenkd.}, volume = {51}, number = {1}, year = {1976}, month = {1976a}, pages = {37-47}, abstract = {The results of the helminthological examination of 1264 bats belonging to eight different species collected from different localities in Egypt are presented and analysed. The species of bats included Rousettus aegyptiacus aegyptiacus, Rhinopoma hardwickei cystops, Rhinopoma microphyllum, Taphozous nudiventris nudiventris, Nycteris thebaica, Rhinolophus clivosus brachygnathus, Otonycteris hemprichi and Asellia tridens tridens. An attempt has been made to study the factors influencing the host-parasite system particularly host specificity, diet and sex of the host and the interrelationship between individual members of the parasitic fauna. 108 fruit bats, Rousettus aegyptiacus aegyptiacus, did not harbour any parasites, but seven other species of bats were infected with different helminth parasites. The incidence of helminths was almost equal in males and females of two species of bats, but in another species the incidence was higher in females than males. Strict host specificity was not a marked feature of trematode infections but a definite preference of certain genera of trematodes to certain species of bats was observed. Infections with trematodes, cestodes and nematodes were found in some cases to be antagonistic to each other. Similarly, infections with certain trematode genera were found to be antagonistic to infection with other genera but this antagonism appears to be dependent on the species of the host involved. On the contrary, certain genera of trematodes occurred only in the presence of other genera of parasites.}, keywords = {Asellia tridens, Chiroptera, Egypt, Emballonuridae, endoparasites, Hipposideridae, North Africa, Nycteridae, Nycteris thebaica, Otonycteris hemprichii, parasitism, Pteropodidae, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus clivosus brachygnathus, Rhinopoma cystops, Rhinopoma microphyllum, Rhinopomatidae, Rousettus aegyptiacus, Taphozous nudiventris, Vespertilionidae}, author = {Saoud, M. F. A. and Ramadan, M. M.} } @article {4979, title = {Studies on trematodes of the genus Lecithodendrium Looss, 1896 from some Egyptian bats, with a description of two new species}, journal = {J. Helminthol.}, volume = {50}, number = {4}, year = {1976}, month = {1976b}, pages = {281-285}, abstract = {The genus Lecithodendrium Looss, 1896 is reviewed and its prevalence in some Egyptian bats is reported. Lecithodendrium aegyptiacus n.sp. is described from Asellia tridens tridens and Rhinopoma hardwickei cystops. It can be easily differentiated from other species of the genus by the lobulation of the ovary and testes and the presence of tegumental spines all over the body of the trematode. Lecithodendrium duboisi n.sp. is described from Taphozous nudiventris nudiventris. It differs from the other known species of the genus by the characteristic arrangement of the vitellaria in the form of a continuous band posterior to the testes, while in the other species of the genus the vitellaria occur in the form of two separate clusters of post-testicular vitelline follicles.}, keywords = {Asellia tridens, Chiroptera, Egypt, Emballonuridae, endoparasites, Hipposideridae, North Africa, parasitism, Rhinopoma cystops, Rhinopomatidae, Taphozous nudiventris}, url = {Saoud \& Ramadan 1976b.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X00026729}, author = {Saoud, M. F. A. and Ramadan, M. M.} }