Les Myobiidae d’Afrique au sud du Sahara et de Madagascar (Acarina - Prostigmata) - Fain, A. (Ann. Mus. roy. Afr. Centr. (Sci. zool.), 1978)
Keywords: [Chaerephon cisturus] Tadarida cistura; [Chaerephon pumilus] Tadarida pumila; [Mops] Tadarida midas; [Mops] Tadarida nanulus; [Mormopterus] Tadarida acetabulosus; [Neoromicia nana] Pipistrellus nanus; [Neoromicia] Eptesicus capensis gracilior; [Neoromicia] Eptesicus tenuipinnis; [Saccolaimus] Taphozous peli; Acari; Africa; Afrosoricida; Angola; Arabia; Arachnida; Asellia tridens; Cameroon; Chad; Chiroptera; Cloeotis percivali australis; Coleura afra; Congo (Kinshasa); ectoparasites; Egypt; Eidolon helvum; Emballonuridae; Epomophorus labiatus minor; Epomophorus wahlbergi haldemani; Eptesicus hottentotus; Equatorial Guinea; Guinea Bissau; Hipposideridae; Hipposideros caffer centralis; Hipposideros caffer ruber; Hipposideros commersoni gigas; host specificity; host-parasite coevolution; host-parasite relationships; identification key; Kenya; Kerivoula smithi; Macroscelidea; Madagascar; Mammalia; Megaloglossus woermanni; Mimetillus moloney [moloneyi]; Miniopteridae; Miniopterus inflatus; Miniopterus schreibersi; Molossidae; Mormopterus sp. [jugularis?]; morphology; Myobiidae; Myotis tricolor; Namibia; Niger; Nycteridae; Nycteris arge; Nycteris damarensis [thebaica]; Nycteris gambiensis; Nycteris hispida; Nycteris thebaica; parasitism; phylogeny; Pteropodidae; Rhinolophidae; Rhinolophus blasii empusa; Rhinolophus capensis; Rhinolophus clivosus zuluensis; Rhinolophus landeri; Rhinolophus lobatus [landeri]; Rodentia; Rousettus aegyptiacus leachi; Rwanda; Scotophilus nigrita; Soricidae; South Africa; systematics; Tanzania; Taphozous sudani [perforatus]; taxonomy; Tenrecidae; Triaenops afer; Triaenops persicus; Uganda; Vespertilionidae; Zambia

The Mammals of Zambia - Ansell, W. F. H. (National Parks and Wildlife Service, 1978)
Keywords: Chiroptera; distribution; Mammalia; Southern Africa; systematics; taxonomy; Zambia

A new fruit bat of the genus Rousettus Gray, 1821, from the Comoro Islands, western Indian Ocean (Mammalia: Chiroptera) - Kock, D. (Proceedings of the Fourth International Bat Research Conference, 1978)
Kenya National Academy for Advancement of Arts and Sciences
Keywords: Africa; Chiroptera; Comoros; distribution; Faunistik; Indian Ocean; Mammalia; morphology; Pteropodidae; Rousettus obliviosus sp. nov.; species description; systematics; taxonomy

Notes éco-éthologiques et parasitologiques sur les Chiroptères cavernicoles du Shaba (Za{\"ıre) - Anciaux de Faveaux, M. (Int. J. Speleol., 1978)
Keywords: [Chaerephon] Tadarida ansorgei; Acari; Arachnida; caves; Central Africa; Chiroptera; Cloeotis percivali australis; Congo (Kinshasa); day roosts; Diptera; ectoparasites; Emballonuridae; Helminthes; Hemiptera; Hipposideridae; Hipposideros caffer centralis; Hipposideros commersoni gigas; Hipposideros ruber; Insecta; Lissonycteris angolensis; microclimate; Miniopteridae; Miniopterus inflatus rufus; Miniopterus schreibersi natalensis; Molossidae; Myotis tricolor; Nycteridae; Nycteris macrotis; Nycteris thebaica; parasitism; Protozoa; Pteropodidae; Rhinolophidae; Rhinolophus blasii empusa; Rhinolophus clivosus zuluensis; Rhinolophus fumigatus exsul; Rhinolophus hildebrandtii; Rhinolophus landeri lobatus; Rhinolophus simulator; Rhinolophus swinnyi; roosting; Rousettus aegyptiacus leachi; Siphonaptera; Taphozous perforatus sudani; temperature; Vespertilionidae

Notes on the dry season roosting and foraging behaviour of Epomophorus gambianus and Rousettus aegyptiacus (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) - Thomas, D. W.; Fenton, M. B. (J. Zool. (Lond.), 1978)
We studied the movements and foraging behaviour of Epomophorus gambianus and Rousettus aegyptiacus during the dry season in Rhodesia. The nightly activity of both species was concentrated in the riparian forest where they fed on the fruits of Diospyros senensis. Epomophorus gambianus roosted during the day high in the thick canopy of Trichelia emetica or Kigelia africana along the river banks and began foraging, each one in a preferred D. senensis shrub, before 1845 hrs. Rousettus aegyptiacus arrived in the study area approximately one hour later and appeared to forage in groups. The temporal separation of the feeding times of the two species of bats may provide a basis for the partitioning of a single species food resource.
Keywords: activity patterns; Chiroptera; competition; diet; dry season; Epomophorus crypturus; foraging; frugivory; habitat preferences; Hangplätze; Nahrung; Nahrungsspektrum; niche overlap; Pteropodidae; roosting behaviour; Rousettus aegyptiacus; Southern Africa; Zimbabwe

Notes sur les Acariens Astigmates cavernicoles. Description de deux genres nouveaux et de quatre espèces nouvelles - Fain, A. (Acarologia, 1978)
The author studies a collection of cavernicolous mites belonging to the order Astigmata. He describes 2 new genera and 4 new species and gives a list of all the known species of Astigmata living in caves.
Keywords: Acari; Africa; Arachnida; Asia; caves; Chiroptera; day roosts; guano; Molossidae; Natalidae; Noctilionidae; review; South America

Notes sur quelques Myobiidae (Acari, Prostigmata) parasites de chiroptères - Fain, A. (Acta Zool. Pathol. Antverpiensia, 1978)
The author describes the following new taxa within the family Myobiidae (Acari): Rhinomyobia gen. nov., Mimetillobia subgen. nov. (in genus Acanthophthirius) and 4 new species, all parasitic on bats. Besides, he rises the subgenus Thyromyobia Fain, 1976 and the subspecies Acanthophthirius (Myotimyobia) myoti namurensis Fain, 1976, to the genus and the species rank respectively.
Keywords: Acari; Africa; Arachnida; Asia; Chiroptera; ectoparasites; Europe; Mimetillobia subgen. nov.; Miniopteridae; Myobiidae; Pacific; parasitism; Vespertilionidae

A numerical re-appraisal of the southern African biotic zones - Rautenbach, I. L. (Bull. Carnegie Mus. nat. Hist., 1978)
The acceptability and credibility of the empirically derived biotic zones of southern Africa are mathematically tested by means of Duellmans (1965) Faunal Resemblance Factor analysis. The distribution of 275 southern African mammalian species is analyzed. A total of six biotic zones, including three that were formerly regarded as subzones, are found to be viable biogeographic entities of full zonal status.
Keywords: allopatric; biodiversity; biogeography; biomes; Chiroptera; communities; distribution; ecology; endemic; Faunistik; Forests; habitat preferences; Mammalia; Namib; South Africa; South West Arid; South West Cape; Southern Savanna Grassland; Southern Savanna Woodland; species richness; sympatric; Vegetation; Verbreitung; zoogeography

Phenetics of Myotis blythi in Morocco - Bogan, M. A.; Setzer, H. W.; Findley, J. S.; Wilson, D. E. (Proceedings of the Fourth International Bat Research Conference, 1978)
Kenya National Academy for Advancement of Arts and Sciences
Keywords: Chiroptera; distribution; Europe; Fledermäuse; Mammalia; Morocco; morphology; Myotis myotis; Myotis punicus; North Africa; phenetics; sibling species; species richness; sympatric; systematics; taxonomy; Verbreitung; Vespertilionidae

Pollination by lemurs and marsupials: An archaic coevolutionary system - Sussman, R. W.; Raven, P. H. (Science, 1978)
Existing geographical and ecological relationships between bats, non-flying mammals, and birds that visit flowers for food suggest novel interpretations of their evolutionary history.
Keywords: Africa; animal-plant interactions; Australia; behaviour; Chiroptera; coevolution; diet; ecology; evolution; Fledermäuse; flowers; foraging; lemurs; Madagascar; Mammalia; Marsupialia; Nahrung; Nahrungsspektrum; nectarivory; nocturnal; pollination; Primates; prosimians; Pteropodidae

Preliminary notes on the mammals of the Bontebok National Park - Stuart, C. T.; Braack, H. H. (Koedoe, 1978)
A check-list of the mammals known to occur in the Bontebok National Park, Republic of South Africa, is presented, including general observations.
Keywords: [Neoromicia] Eptesicus capensis; Chiroptera; Mammalia; South Africa; Vespertilionidae

Rediscovery of Epomophorus pousarguesi Trouessart, 1904 in the Central African Empire (Mammalia, Megachiroptera) - Bergmans, W. (J. nat. Hist., 1978)
Recently collected specimens (3) of the fruit bat E. pousarguesi Trouessart, 1904, previously only known from the type specimen, are described. They may confirm the specific status of the taxon: The type locality and distinguishing characters of the species are discussed.
Keywords: Central Africa; Central African Republic; Chiroptera; Epomophorus pousarguesi [gambianus]; Mammalia; morphology; Pteropodidae; systematics; taxonomy

Review of drinking behavior of African fruit bats (Mammalia: Megachiroptera) - Bergmans, W. (Bull. Carnegie Mus. nat. Hist., 1978)
Keywords: Africa; behaviour; Chiroptera; diet; drinking; ecology; Eidolon; Nahrung; Pteropodidae; Pteropus; Rousettus

Significance of the distal part of the humerus in the identification of Egyptian bats - Madkour, G. A. (Zool. Anz., 1978)
Keywords: anatomy; Chiroptera; Egypt; humerus; morphology; North Africa; skeleton

Splenic weights and their possible relationship to adrenocortical function in a wild population of Rousettus aegyptiacus E. Geoffroy - Baranga, J. (E. Afr. Wildl. J., 1978)
The spleen weights increase with age in Rousettus aegyptiacus for the first 6 months. The size of the adrenal cortex estimated by adrenal weight behaves in a similar way as the spleen weights. The spleen weights decline as the bats mature while the adrenal weights continue to increase with age.Both the spleen and adrenal weights are variable in pregnant bats. The pregnant animals have heavy adrenals and small spleens on average. Since the pregnant bats are heavy, their relative spleen and adrenal weights are different from the absolute weights, but more so in the latter than in the former.The spleen in Rousettus responds to stressful environments differently from the way it does in rodents under similar situations.
Keywords: Chiroptera; East Africa; growth; Pteropodidae; reproduction; Rousettus aegyptiacus; Uganda

Taxonomic identification and history of Scotophilus nigrita (Schreber) (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) - Robbins, C. B. (J. Mamm., 1978)
Keywords: Africa; Chiroptera; Fledermäuse; Mammalia; Scotophilus gigas; Scotophilus nigrita; systematics; taxonomy; Vespertilionidae

Three species of microchiropteran bats recorded for the first time from the south-west Cape Biotic zone - Rautenbach, I. L.; Nel, J. A. J. (Ann. Transv. Mus., 1978)
New distribution records are reported for three species of bats. The presence of Tadarida (Tadarida) aegyptiaca in the south-west Cape biotic zone is confirmed. Tadarida (Chaerephon) pumila is recorded for the first time from the Cape Province, whereas the known range of Laephotis wintoni is shown to extend some 1000 km further south than previously recorded to within the borders of the Republic of South Africa.
See Rautenbach & Nel 1980, Jacobs & Fenton 2001
Keywords: Algeria Forest Station; Chaerephon pumilus; Chiroptera; cluster analysis; Laephotis angolensis; Laephotis botswanae; Laephotis namibensis; Laephotis wintoni; Mammalia; Molossidae; morphometrics; PCA; South Africa; Tadarida aegyptiaca; Vespertilionidae

Three years’ observation on side effects of helicopter applications of insecticides used to exterminate Glossina species in Nigeria - Koeman, J. H.; Den Boer, W. M. J.; Feith, A. F.; de Iongh, H. H.; Spliethoff, P. C.; Na’isa, B. K.; Spielberger, U. (Environmental Pollution, 1978)
In three successive years from 1974 onwards observations were made on the possible side effects of helicopter applications of dieldrin and endosulfan in a number of Northern Guinea savanna zone habitats in Nigeria. In one of the areas a comparison could be made with discriminative handspray applications of endosulfan and DDT. An account is given of the acute effects on non-target species. Before, and at various intervals after, spraying a population census was made of a number of selected bird species. Certain species of fringe forest birds such as various flycatcher species appeared to be very vulnerable and either were not recorded any more or became extremely rare in the areas treated. It appears that the groundspray procedures used in Nigeria are more discriminative — and therefore less likely to cause irreversible damage — than helicopter applications at comparable dose-rate.
Keywords: Aves; Chiroptera; Diptera; Glossina; Insecta; Mammalia; Nigeria; pesticides; Pteropodidae; West Africa

Vergleichende Untersuchung einiger Säugetiere im südlichen Niger (Mammalia: Insectivora, Chiroptera, Lagomorpha, Rodentia) - Kock, D. (Senckenbergiana biol., 1978)
Comparative study of some mammal species in southern Niger: Crocidura flavescens, Erinaceus albiventris spinifex, Eidolon helvum, Epomophorus gambianus gambianus, Tadarida (Chaerephon) nigeriae nigeriae, Lepus capensis canopus, Gerbillus (G.) agag nigeriae, of which a large sized subspecies is described, Tatera hopkinsoni, Mastomys erythrolencus and Acomys cahirinus johannis. — M. erythroleucus is recorded from the Sudan, G. agag from Tchad. — The type localities of E. a. spinifex and G. agag are corrected. — Of the smaller gerbils, asyutensis Setzer 1960 is considered a subspecies of gerbillus Olivier 1801, andersoni De Winton 1902 is related with eatoni Thomas 1902 and inflatus Ranck 1968 being different from gerbillus; agag Thomas 1903 includes nigeriae Thomas & Hinton 1920, rosalinda St. Leger 1929 and sudanensis Setzer 1956, but not daltonii Heim de Balsac 1936.
Keywords: Artenzahl; Chaerephon nigeriae; Chiroptera; distribution; ecology; Eidolon helvum; Epomophorus gambianus; Faunistik; Gerbillus agag maradius ssp. nov.; Lagomorpha; Lipotyphla; Mammalia; Molossidae; morphology; Niger; Pteropodidae; Rodentia; Soricidae; species description; systematics; taxonomy; Verbreitung; West Africa

Activity patterns, habitat use, and prey selection by some African insectivorous bats - Fenton, M. B.; Boyle, N. G. H.; Harrison, T. M.; Oxley, D. J. (Biotropica, 1977)
Between Jan. 10 and Feb. 14, 1976, activity patterns, habitat use and selection of prey by some insectivorous bats were studied in mopane and brachystegia deciduous woodlands in the Sengwa Wild Life Research Area of the Hostes Nicolle Institute of Wild Life Research in Rhodesia, using ultrasonic detectors, light tags and analysis of insect remains from bat feces. Some bats were active throughout the night, in part feeding, but in general bat activity was reduced from around midnight until just before dawn. Rain tended to suppress bat activity, although the timing of the rain was important. Since insects remained active in the rain, the responses of the bats to rain probably reflected problems of thermoregulation associated with wet fur, and the effect of multiple echoes and attenuation of high-frequency sound on echolocation. Bright moonlight suppressed bat activity and altered the foraging patterns of light-tagged Scotophilus viridis, Eptesicus capensis and Nycticeius schlieffeni which on dark nights fed above the canopy and along the grassland sides of meadow /woodland interfaces, but which were mainly restricted within the woodland on bright moonlight nights. Since a pair of bat hawks (Macheiramphus alcinus) nested near the study area and fed mainly on bats, the bats’ responses to moonlight are probably predator-avoidance behaviors. S. viridis (15-20 g), E. capensis (5-6 g), and N. schlieffeni (5-6 g) appeared to feed on concentrations of insects and responded quickly to aggregations of insect around lights. These bats fed mainly on beetles (S. viridis, 85%; E. capensis, 68%; N. schlieffeni, 72%), although E. capensis also took moths (18.5%) and N. schlieffeni took flies (19%). Other insectivorous bats in the study area fed mainly on moths (Hipposideros caffer, Laephotis angolensis, Glauconycteris variegata) or beetles (S. nigrita), or both (Rhinolophus hildebrandti, Pipistrellus nanus). Data for some insectivorous bats from the vicinity of Salisbury, Rhodesia, indicated a similar separation for some bats (moths, Nycteris thebaica, R. landeri; beetles, R. clivosus) in addition to 2 spp. of Miniopterus which took mainly aquatic Diptera. The data with those from other works, are used to illustrate partitioning of insect prey by the species of bats known to occur in the Sengwa Wild Life Research Area.
Keywords: [Nycticeinops schlieffenii] Nycticeius schlieffeni; activity patterns; Beutespektrum; Biotopwahl; Chaerephon bivittatus; Chaerephon nigeriae; Chiroptera; diet; ecology; Emballonuridae; feeding habits; Fledermäuse; food distribution; foraging; Glauconycteris variegata; Hipposideridae; Hipposideros caffer; Hipposideros commersoni [vittatus]; Laephotis angolensis; Miniopteridae; Miniopterus fraterculus; Miniopterus schreibersii; Molossidae; moonlight; Myotis welwitschii; Nahrungsspektrum; Nahrungswahl; Neoromicia capensis; Neoromicia nanus; niche overlap; Nycteridae; Nycteris thebaica; Nycteris woodi; opportunistic feeder; optimal foraging; Pipistrellus kuhlii [hesperidus]; Pipistrellus rusticus; predation pressure; predator avoidance; rain; Rhinolophidae; Rhinolophus clivosus; Rhinolophus fumigatus; Rhinolophus hildebrandtii; Rhinolophus landeri; Scotophilus nigrita; Scotophilus viridis; Southern Africa; Taphozous mauritianus; Vespertilionidae; Zimbabwe

African bats allied to Kerivoula lanosa (A. Smith, 1847) (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) - Hill, J. Edwards (Rev. Zool. Afr., 1977)
The smaller of the African forms of Kerivoula with fringed interfemoral membrane are reviewed and discussed. They are referred to 1 sp., K. lanosa (A. Smith, 1847), with K. l. harrisoni Thomas, 1901, K. l. muscilla Thomas, 1906 and K. l. lucia Hinton, 1920 as valid subspecies. K. harrisoni bellula Aellen, 1959 is considered a synonym of K. lanosa muscilla.
Keywords: Africa; Chiroptera; evolution; Faunistik; Fledermäuse; Kerivoula harrisoni bellula [lanosa]; Kerivoula lanosa harrisoni; Kerivoula lanosa lucia; Kerivoula lanosa muscilla; Mammalia; morphology; systematics; taxonomy; Vespertilionidae

An annotated inventory of three small collections of Nigerian Microchiroptera (Mammalia, Chiroptera) - Bergmans, W. (Z. Säugetierk., 1977)
The Nigerian Microchiroptera in the history collections of the universities of Ibadan and Ife (Nigeria) Amsterdam (Holland) are listed. Important data and some measurements of each specimen are given. Some species are discussed in detail. Myotis bocagei cupreolus Thomas, 1904, and Tadarida (Mops) congica congica (Allen, 1917) are 1st records for Nigeria. The occurrence of Rhinolophus landeri Martin, 1838, in Nigeria is suggested. Some Eptesicus specimens are assigned to E. capensis (Smith, 1829) and E. somalicus (Thomas, 1901). Four hitherto unknown specimens of Scotophilus gigas Dobson, 1875, are recorded, and the type locality of this species is discussed.
Keywords: [Mops condylurus] Tadarida condylura; [Mops trevori] Tadarida congica; [Mops] Tadarida midas; [Mops] Tadarida thersites; [Neoromicia brunnea] Eptesicus brunneus; [Neoromicia guineensis] Eptesicus somalicus; [Neoromicia nana] Pipistrellus nanus; [Neoromicia] Eptesicus capensis [partim N. somalicus]; Chaerephon nigeriae; Chaerephon pumilus; Chiroptera; ecology; Emballonuridae; Faunistik; Fledermäuse; habitat preferences; Hangplätze; Hipposideridae; Hipposideros beatus; Hipposideros commersoni [vittatus]; Hipposideros cyclops; Lavia frons; Mammalia; Megadermatidae; Molossidae; morphology; Myotis bocagii; Nigeria; Nycteridae; Nycteris arge; Nycteris grandis; Nycteris hispida; Nycteris macrotis; Pipistrellus rueppellii; reproduction; Rhinolophidae; Rhinolophus fumigatus; Rhinolophus landeri; roosting behaviour; Scotoecus hirundo; Scotophilus gigas [nigrita]; Scotophilus leucogaster [partim S. viridis]; Scotophilus nigrita [dinganii]; seasonality; species richness; systematics; Taphozous mauritianus; taxonomy; Vegetation; Vespertilionidae; West Africa

Aspects of the assimilation of sugars by Rousettus aegyptiacus - Keegan, D. J. (Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A, 1977)
1. The fruit bat Rousettus aegyptiacus assimilates both glucose and fructose faster than the considerably larger laboratory rat.2. The fruit bat assimilates fructose faster than glucose.3. Hypertonic solutions of glucose and fructose undergo less dilution in the bat’s small intestine than in that of the rat’s.
Keywords: assimilation; Chiroptera; physiology; Pteropodidae; Rousettus aegyptiacus

Catalogue des types de mammifères et d’oiseaux du Muséum d’Histoire naturelle de Genève - Baud, F. J. (Rev. suisse Zool., 1977)
Keywords: Africa; Aves; Cameroon; Chiroptera; Coleura kummeri [afra]; Congo (Brazzaville); Côte d’Ivoire; Emballonuridae; Epomophorus reii [gambianus]; Gabon; Guinea Bissau; Hipposideridae; Hipposideros gigas viegasi [vittatus]; Hipposideros marisae; Ivory Coast; Mammalia; MHNG; Nycteridae; Nycteris aethiopica guineensis [macrotis]; Nycteris benuensis [parisii]; Nycteris intermedia; Pteropodidae; Rhinolophidae; Rhinolophus adami; Rhinolophus silvestris; Rousettus aegyptiacus occidentalis [unicolor]; Triaenops persicus majusculus [afer majusculus]; type catalogue; type specimens

Chromosomes of some East African bats - Dulić, B.; Mutere, F. A. (Säugetierkdl. Mitt., 1977)
The chromosomes of bats Epomophorus wahlbergi, Rousettus aegyptiacus leachi and Triaenops afer from Kenya were investigated. The karyotypes of E. wahlbergi and R. aegyptiacus are compared with the already known data, and the karyotype of T. afer, consisting of 36 chromosomes, is here described for the first time.
Keywords: Chiroptera; chromosomes; cytogenetics; East Africa; Epomophorus wahlbergi; Hipposideridae; karyotypes; Kenya; Pteropodidae; Rousettus aegyptiacus leachii; Triaenops afer

A comparative study of certain features of the alimentary canal and disposition of the viscera in Egyptian bats - Madkour, G. A. (Annals of Zoology (Agra), 1977)
Keywords: anatomy; Chiroptera; Egypt; intestine; morphology; North Africa; oesophagus; palatal ridges; stomach; tongue

The conjugation of benzoic acid in the African bat, Epomops franqueti - Collins, M. W.; French, M. R.; Hirom, P. C.; Idle, J. R.; Bassir, O.; Williams, R. T. (Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C, 1977)
1. The conjugation of [14C]benzoic acid has been studied in a species of African fruit bat (Epomops franqueti). Hippuric acid was found as a metabolite of benzoic acid in this bat, in contrast to the Indian fruit bat (Pteropus giganteus) which does not make this metabolite.2. Three conjugates of benzoic acid were found in the urine of Epomops franqueti), namely benzoylglucuronide (32% of the 14C excreted in 24 hr), benzoylglycine (hippuric acid; 31%) and benzoylglutamic acid (11%).
Keywords: Chiroptera; Epomops franqueti; Nigeria; physiology; Pteropodidae; West Africa

Déplacements saisonniers chez Miniopterus schreibersi natalensis (A. Smith, 1834) au Shaba méridional (S.E. Za{\"ıre, Afrique Centrale) (Mammalia Chiroptera) - Anciaux de Faveaux, M. (Rev. Zool. Afr., 1977)
Keywords: banding; caves; Central Africa; Chiroptera; Congo (Kinshasa); day roosts; hibernation; homing; mark-recapture; migration; Miniopteridae; Miniopterus inflatus rufus; Miniopterus schreibersi natalensis; reproduction; seasonality; torpor; translocation experiments

Foraging behaviour of the giant leaf-nosed bat (Hipposideros commersoni) - Vaughan, T. A. (E. Afr. Wildl. J., 1977)
Observations of the giant leaf-nosed bat (H. commersoni) were made in southern Kenya, East Africa. This bat was present in the study area only in March and early April, at the beginning of the March to May rains, and during the Nov. and Dec. rains. Only females were recorded. Food was large beetles of the families Cerambycidae, Elateridae, Scarabeidae and Chrysomelidae. The bats foraged chiefly in riverine vegetation, where they typically used vantage points some 6 m above the ground in acacia trees. Detection of prey at long range from avantage point, the selection of large prey, precise assessment of the distance and trajectory of the prey and interception of prey by brief and direct flights tend to optimize the energy return/unit of time during foraging. The echolocation signals in relation to foraging style are considered.
Keywords: activity patterns; Beuteortung; Beutespektrum; Chiroptera; Coleoptera; day roosts; diet; East Africa; echolocation; energetics; Fledermäuse; food; foraging; habitat preferences; Hipposideridae; Hipposideros commersoni [vittatus]; Insecta; Kenya; migration; Nahrung; Nahrungsspektrum; optimal foraging; seasonality

Four vespertilionid bats new to the fauna of Tunisia - Vaughan, T. C.; Cockrum, E. L.; Vaughan, P. J. (Mammalia, 1977)
Four bats: Myotis emarginatus, M. capaccinii, Pipistrellus pipistrellus, and P. savii, essentially European in distribution, and previously unknown from Tunisia are reported from the northern part of that country.
Keywords: [Hypsugo] Pipistrellus savii; Chiroptera; Eptesicus serotinus [isabellinus]; Myotis blythi [punicus]; Myotis capaccinii; Myotis emarginatus; North Africa; Pipistrellus pipistrellus; Rhinolophidae; Rhinolophus ferrumequinum; Rhinolophus hipposideros; Tunisia; Vespertilionidae

Functional anatomy of the alimentary canal in the fruit bat, Eidolon helvum, and the insect bat, Tadarida nigeriae - Okon, E. E. (Acta Zool. (Stockh.), 1977)
The gastrointestinal anatomy of the frugivorous bat, Eidolon helvum was compared with that of the insectivorous bat, Tadarida nigeriae. Both show modifications related to differences in their food habits as well as other anatomical peculiarities. The gastroesophageal junction in Eidolon helvum possesses a sphincter-like protrusion. The posterior 10 mm of the esophagus in the same bat has well developed gastric glands, while the stomach is unexpectedly very rich in zymogenic and parietal cells. The intestine in this species is about 170 cm long; the posterior 30 cm of this is of colonic histology, though showing no external morphological difference from the small intestine. The anterior duodenum of Tadarida nigeriae has an external protuberance consisting of mucus secreting glands. The intestine of this bat has no colon, but a very short rectum of goblet cells is present.
Keywords: anatomy; Chaerephon nigeriae; Chiroptera; Eidolon helvum; histology; Molossidae; morphology; Nigeria; Pteropodidae; West Africa

Genets feeding on nectar from Maranthes polyandra in northern Ghana - Lack, A. (E. Afr. Wildl. J., 1977)
During bat pollination studies of Maranthes polyandra in Mole National Park (Ghana), genets (Genetta tigrina) were observed regularly visiting the inflorescences. Genets were regarded in early accounts as strictly carnivorous; undoubtedly small mammals and birds form the bulk of their diet. Several observations have shown that in Africa, at least, they consume some vegetable material. They have a highly developed sense of smell and may have been attracted to the trees by the powerful odor emitted by the flowers. Possibly they may have been attracted by the bats since genets are known to feed on bats. Plants adapted for bat pollination are likely to be the only ones visited regularly by genets since these are the only plants in which nectar production is copious at night. Genets probably transfer pollen occasionally.
Keywords: Carnivora; Genetta tigrina; Ghana; Mammalia; Maranthes polyandra; Mole National Park; nectarivory; pollination; West Africa

Histochemistry of blood and bone marrow smears of the straw-colored fruit eating bat, Eidolon helvum - Caxton-Martins, A. E. (J. Anat., 1977)
Keywords: blood; bone marrow; Chiroptera; Eidolon helvum; histochemistry; Nigeria; physiology; Pteropodidae; West Africa

Histology of the frontal sac in three species of leaf-nosed bats (Hipposideridae) - Mainoya, J. R.; Howell, K. M. (E. Afr. Wildl. J., 1977)
Histological studies were made of the median frontal sac from both male and female specimens of Hipposideros commersoni, H. ruber, and Triaenops persicus. In H. commersoni this organ which is more prominent in the male than in the female, contained tri-lobed sebaceous glands associated with hair follicles and modestly enlarged simple saccular apocrine glands. On the other hand this structure in H. ruber consisted entirely of a coiled-lobule type of apocrine gland. The female had only a rudimentary gland without any sac. The complex frontal gland in T. persicus consisted of (1) a superficial haired layer containing sebaceous glands and saccular apocrine glands, (2) a deeper-lying enormously convoluted peculiar type of apocrine gland which was more active in males than females. The sexual dimorphism expressed in both the development and activity of the frontal gland in these hipposiderid bats suggests possible important roles in the mediation of behavioural and physiological responses related to reproduction.
Keywords: Chiroptera; East Africa; Fledermäuse; glands; Hipposideridae; Hipposideros commersoni [gigas-vittatus]; Hipposideros ruber; mating systems; olfactory communication; reproduction; scent; sexual dimorphism; Tanzania; Triaenops persicus [afer]

The karyotypes of two species of bats (Pteropus poliocephalus and Hypsignathus monstrosus) - Bogart, M. H.; Kumamoto, A. T.; Benirschke, K. (Chromosome Information Service, 1977)
Keywords: Chiroptera; chromosomes; cytogenetics; Hypsignathus monstrosus; karyotypes; Pteropodidae; Pteropus poliocephalus

Lek mating behavior in the hammer-headed bat - Bradbury, J. W. (Z. Tierpsychol., 1977)
Hypsignathus monstrosus were studied in the field in Gaboon over a four year period. A total of 17 months was spent in the study, most of which were concurrent with the June-August calling periods. Males were found to assemble twice annually at traditional sites, set up calling territories roughly 10 m in diameter, and call each night from 18.30 h to 23.00 h and again from 03.00 h to 05.00 h. The number of males calling rises erratically to a peak at the end of the second month of calling and then falls rapidly to zero in the third month. While males may shift positions and contest territories early in the season, few territorial relocations seem to occur after copulations begin midway through the season. Males display by hanging from a branch, flapping the partially opened wings, and emitting a loud harmonically rich call at rates of roughly once a second. Females visit the assembly sites, hover before males while the latter perform a stereotyped syncopation of the usual call, and eventually settle next to one male for mating. Mating is rapid and the male resumes calling immediately afterwards. Mating success was highly skewed in the major assembly studied with 6 % of the males accounting for 79 % of the 50 copulations recorded in 1974. Successful males were aggregated into “mating centers” as has been reported for other lek species. Given the peculiar linear geometry of these leks, several mating centers may occur within any one site.Most day roosts located contained only solitary animals. Groups of bats do occur and can contain adult females, recent juveniles, newborn young and even adult males. All day roosts are located in the foliage of the forest canopy and all behavior at the roosts is extremely cryptic and subdued. No interactions between males and young have ever been noted at the day roosts.Both sexes fly several km to feed, and males currently displaying at assembly areas may fly as far as 10 km between the assembly sites and foraging grounds. Several tropical fruit trees dominate the diets and sample distributions both on and off the assembly areas were surveyed. It is concluded that there are few if any food resources within the assembly areas during the period of calling and mating.Captive animals indicated that females can become sexually active at 6 months of age while males are neither sexually potent nor fully developed until 18 months of age. The matching of several discrete size classes of females and males netted at the assembly sites in June-August with growth curves indicates that both males and females born the previous mating season 6 months earlier and all older age classes visit the assembly areas.Since Hypsignathus a) show no male parental care, b) display and mate at arenas, c) have no significant resources within male display territories which females need, and d) exhibit female choice of mates, it is concluded that this species has a lek mating system in the classical sense. In addition, the species shows many other features commonly associated with leks: strong sexual dimorphism, sexual bimaturism, traditional arena locations, highly ritualized male displays, extreme skew in mating success among males, and the existence of mating centers on the lek sites.
Keywords: behaviour; Central Africa; Chiroptera; day roosts; ecology; Gabon; Hypsignathus monstrosus; lek mating; mating arenas; mating systems; Pteropodidae; radio-tracking; reproduction

Les cheiroptères du Mont Nimba (Liberia) - Verschuren, J. (Mammalia, 1977)
Bats (273) of 18 spp. were collected in the Mount Nimba area (Liberia, West Africa), near the northern limit of the forest (altitude 500-1350 m). The majority of the animals (90%) were represented by Pteropidae, due to the intensive use of nylon nets. Myonycteris torquata leptodon seems the most common. Lists of collections and ecological observations are followed by more general indications concerning some problems: distributions of species, biotopes, reproduction, associations, migrations and anthropological factors. (New records for Liberia were Rousettus aegyptiacus occidentalis, R. angolensis smithi, Rhinolophus alcyone, Tadarida nanula and T. pumila. Other species include Eidolon helvumhelvum, Hypsignathus monstrosus, Epomops buettikoferi, Nanonycteris veldkampii, Myonycteris torquata leptodon, Megaloglossus woermanni, Nycteris grandis, N. arge, Hipposideros ruber guineensis, H. cyclops, Eptesicus capensis, Tadarida thersites and Scotonycteris zenkeri occidentalis.).
Keywords: [Chaerephon pumilus] Tadarida pumila; [Lissonycteris] Rousettus angolensis smithi; [Mops nanulus] Tadarida nanula; [Mops] Tadarida thersites; [Neoromicia] Eptesicus capensis [partim Mimetillus moloneyi]; behaviour; biodiversity; Chiroptera; ecology; Eidolon helvum; Epomops buettikoferi; Faunistik; Fledermäuse; habitat preferences; Hangplätze; Hipposideridae; Hipposideros cyclops; Hipposideros ruber guineensis; Hypsignathus monstrosus; Liberia; Mammalia; Megaloglossus woermanni; migration; Molossidae; morphology; Myonycteris torquata leptodon; Nanonycteris veldkampii; Nycteridae; Nycteris arge; Nycteris grandis; Pteropodidae; reproduction; Rhinolophidae; Rhinolophus alcyone [R. hillorum]; roosting behaviour; Rousettus aegyptiacus occidentalis [unicolor]; Scotonycteris zenkeri occidentalis; seasonality; species richness; systematics; taxonomy; Vespertilionidae; West Africa; zoogeography

Maintenance of Glossina palpalis fed through bat’s wing membrane on defibrinated blood - Balogun, R. A. (Acta trop., 1977)
Teneral laboratory-bred G. palpalis were successfully fed through bat’s wing membrane on defibrinated blood. [...] Membranes made from the African fruit bat wings are usable; this type of membrane would be valuable for a median scale rearing program for tsetse flies.
Keywords: Chiroptera; Diptera; Eidolon-helvum; Insecta; methods; Nigeria; parasitism; Pteropodidae; West Africa

The myoglobin of the fruit-bat Rousettus aegyptiacus - Castillo, O.; Lehmann, H. (Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1977)
The myoglobin of the fruit-bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus) has been investigated. It has 153 amino acid residues. When the possible therian ancestral myoglobin is taken into consideration, the myoglobin of the fruit-bat resembles most closely that of the hedgehog.
Keywords: Chiroptera; Mammalia; myoglobin; phylogeny; Pteropodidae; Rousettus aegyptiacus; South Africa

Neue Nachweise der Rhinopoma hardwickei (Chiroptera) aus Westafrika - Vogel, P. (Bonn. zool. Beitr., 1977)
Keywords: bushmeat; Chiroptera; hunting; Mali; Niger; Rhinopoma hardwickii; Rhinopomatidae; West Africa

A new bat flea from Nigeria (Siphonaptera: Ischnopsyllidae) - Smit, F. G. A. M. (Beaufortia, 1977)
Keywords: [Allopsylla] Lagaropsylla alloides sp. nov.; [Mops trevori] Tadarida congica; Chiroptera; ectoparasites; Insecta; Ischnopsyllidae; Molossidae; parasitism; Siphonaptera; West Africa

On a new trematode, Prohemistomum azimi n. sp. (Trematoda: Cyathocotylidae) from the Egyptian slit-faced bat - Saoud, M. F. A.; Ramadan, M. M. (Z. Parasitenkd., 1977)
Prohemistomum azimi n. sp. is described from one out of four Egyptian slit-faced bats, Nycteris thebaica Geffroy, 1910 captured from Giza, Egypt. The new species is compared with other related species of the genus and its specific diagnosis is outlined. The new species is the first record of the genus Prohemistomum Odhner, 1913 from Chiroptera.
Keywords: Chiroptera; Egypt; endoparasites; North Africa; Nycteridae; Nycteris thebaica; parasitism

Notes on new material of Rousettus madagascariensis Grandidier, 1929 (Mammalia, Megachiroptera) - Bergmans, W. (Mammalia, 1977)
Biometrics of 16 specimens of R. madagascariensis are given. Characters and affinities, distribution and habitat are discussed.
Keywords: Africa; Chiroptera; endemic; Madagascar; morphology; Pteropodidae; Rousettus madagascariensis; systematics; taxonomy

Nouveaux acariens Astigmates cavernicoles du Kenya - Fain, A. (Rev. suisse Zool., 1977)
3 new genera and 6 new species are described: Troglotacarus hauseri n. gen. n. sp., Nycteriglyphus squamatus n. sp., Kimakiacarus aelleni n. gen. n. sp., Kimakiglyphus strinatii n. gen. n. sp., Suidasia africana n. sp., Austroglycyphagus (A.) kenyensis n. sp. The new genus Troglotacarus could not be attached to any known family and it is placed therefore in Troglotacaridae fam. nov.
Keywords: Acari; Africa; Arachnida; Austroglycyphagus kenyensis sp. nov.; caves; Chiroptera; Coleura afra; Emballonuridae; Kenya; Kimakiacarus aelleni gen. & sp. nov.; Kimakiglyphus strinatii gen. & sp. nov.; Nycteriglyphus squamatus sp. nov.; Suidasia africana sp. nov.; Troglotacaridae fam. nov.; Troglotacarus hauseri gen. & sp. nov.

The occurrence of the aloe bat Eptesicus zuluensis in the Kruger National Park - Schlitter, D. A.; Rautenbach, I. L. (Koedoe, 1977)
Keywords: [Neoromicia] Eptesicus capensis; Chiroptera; Neoromicia zuluensis; South Africa; Vespertilionidae

Prey of bat hawks and availability of bats - Fenton, M. B.; Cumming, D. H. M.; Oxley, D. J. (Condor, 1977)
Keywords: Aves; Beutespektrum; Chaerephon sp.; Chiroptera; diet; ecology; energetics; Fledermäuse; foraging; Hipposideridae; Hipposideros caffer; Laephotis angolensis; Macheiramphus alcinus; Molossidae; Nahrungswahl; Neoromicia capensis; Nycticeinops schlieffenii; Pipistrellus sp.; predation pressure; Pteropodidae; Rhinolophidae; Rhinolophus sp.; Scotophilus sp.; Southern Africa; Vespertilionidae; Zimbabwe

Report on the bats (Chiroptera) obtained by the Zaire River Expedition - Gallagher, M. D.; Harrison, D. L. (Bonn. zool. Beitr., 1977)
A substantial collection of bats was made by one of the authors (M.D.G.) on the Zaire River Expedition. It comprised 212 specimens, representing seven families and 22 species. The material has been identified and studied by D.L.H. It included one species new to science, which has been described elsewhere (Harrison 1975). The type specimen of this new molossid is now in the British Museum (Natural History) collection, while the remainder of the material is located in the Harrison Zoological Museum, Sevenoaks, Kent, England.
Keywords: [Chaerephon pumilus] Tadarida (Chaerephon) pumila; [Chaerephon] Tadarida (Chaerephon) gallagheri; [Micropteropus] Micropterus pusillus; [Mops condylurus] Tadarida (Mops) condylura; [Mops nanulus] Tadarida (Mops) nanula; [Mops] Tadarida (Mops) thersites; [Neoromicia nana] Pipistrellus nanus; [Neoromicia] Eptesicus rendalli; Central Africa; Chiroptera; Congo (Kinshasa); distribution; Epomophorus labiatus; Epomops franqueti; Faunistik; Fledermäuse; Glauconycteris beatrix; habitat preferences; Hipposideridae; Hipposideros ruber; Lavia frons; Mammalia; Megadermatidae; Mimetillus moloneyi; Miniopteridae; Miniopterus schreibersi; Molossidae; Myonycteris torquata; Myotis bocagei [bocagii]; Nycteridae; Nycteris arge; Nycteris hispida; Nycteris macrotis; Pteropodidae; Rhinolophidae; Rhinolophus alcyone; Scotophilus nigrita [nux]; species richness; systematics; taxonomy; Verbreitung; Vespertilionidae

Reproduction and behavior of the African banana bat, Pipistrellus nanus - LaVal, R. K.; LaVal, M. L. (J. Mamm., 1977)
Roosting behavior and reproductive chronology of the banana bat, P. nanus, were studied in Natal, South Africa. These bats roost singly or in small groups in rolled leaves of bananas (Musa sp.) and Strelitzia. Sex ratios were 1:1 for adults but 2:1 (female:male) in juveniles. Group structure was faculatative and ephemeral, and movements were for short distances. P. nanus is monestrous and seasonal, with births of single or twin infants in Nov. and Dec. Males reached peak testis size in May and had abdominal testes most of the remainder of the year.
Keywords: Chiroptera; Fledermäuse; group size; Natal; Neoromicia nana; reproduction; roosting behaviour; sex ratio; social behaviour; social organization; South Africa; Vespertilionidae

Results of the Winifred T. Carter Expedition 1975 to Botswana, Mammals – Chiroptera - Archer, A. L. (Botswana Notes & Records, 1977)
A collection of 133 bats representing 20 species was made between 15 November and 15 December 1975 within a 25 km radius of Xugana, Botswana. Three species obtained, Epomorphorus gambianus, Nycteris hispida and Tadarida chapini are new records for Botswana. Some observations and breeding data are given together with a systematic list of the species collected, numbering 84, which were made up as study skins. The remaining 49 specimens consisting of duplicates, were preserved in formalin.
Keywords: [Chaerephon pumilus] Tadarida pumila; [Chaerephon] Tadarida chapini; [Chaerephon] Tadarida nigeriae; [Mops] Tadarida midas; [Neoromicia somalica] Eptesicus somalicus; [Neoromicia] Eptesicus capensis; [Neoromicia] Eptesicus rendalli; [Nycticeinops schlieffenii] Nycticeius schlieffeni; Botswana; Chiroptera; day roosts; diet; Emballonuridae; Epomophorus crypturus; Epomophorus gambianus; food; foraging; Glauconycteris variegata; Laephotis botswanae; Mammalia; Molossidae; Nycteridae; Nycteris hispida; Nycteris thebaica; Pipistrellus kuhlii subtilis [hesperidus]; Pipistrellus rueppelli [rueppellii]; Pipistrellus rusticus; Pteropodidae; reproduction; Scotophilus leucogaster; Scotophilus nigrita [dinganii]; Southern Africa; Taphozous mauritianus; Vegetation; Vespertilionidae

A review of the Rhinopomatidae (Mammalia: Chiroptera) - Hill, J. Edwards (Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Zool.), 1977)
The major diagnostic features of the microchiropteran family Rhinopomatidae are reviewed, with a detailed account of the sole included genus, Rhinopoma. Current taxonomic opinion in the genus is synthesized with the recognition of three species.
Keywords: Africa; Arabia; Asia; Chiroptera; Fledermäuse; humerus; India; Mammalia; morphology; revision; Rhinopoma hardwickii; Rhinopoma microphyllum; Rhinopoma muscatellum; Rhinopomatidae; Sumatra; systematics; taxonomy; zoogeography

A review of the trematode genus Anchitrema Looss, 1899 (Dicrocoeliidae), with a redescription of Anchitrema sanguineum (Sonsino, 1894) and Anchitrema longiformis n. sp. from some Egyptian bats - Saoud, M. F. A.; Ramadan, M. M. (Z. Parasitenkd., 1977)
The genus Anchitrema Looss, 1899, is reviewed and the validity of some of its species is discussed. It is suggested that A. congolense (Sandground, 1937) Yamaguti, 1958, and A. lucknowensis Agrawal, 1966, should be considered as synonyms of A. latum Gedoelst, 1919, and A. philippinorum (Tubangui, 1928) Yamaguti, 1958, respectively. A. sanguineum (Sonsino, 1894) Looss, 1899, is redescribed from five species of Egyptian bats, of which two represent new host records of this trematode. Moreover, A. longiformis n. sp. is described from Asellia tridens tridens caught from Upper Egypt. The new species differs from other related species of the genus by its characteristic elongated body shape, where the length/width ratio is >7:1, and by the location of the testes.
Keywords: Asellia tridens; Chiroptera; Egypt; Emballonuridae; endoparasites; Hipposideridae; North Africa; Otonycteris hemprichii; parasitism; Platyhelminthes; Rhinolophidae; Rhinolophus clivosus brachygnathus; Rhinopoma hardwickii cystops; Rhinopomatidae; Taphozous nudiventris; Trematoda; Vespertilionidae

Arachnides, Acariens, Astigmata, Listrophoroidea - Fain, A. (Faune de Madagascar, 1976)
Keywords: Acari; Africa; Arachnida; Chiroptera; ectoparasites; Madagascar; parasitism; Pteropodidae; Pteropus rufus

Bacula of some Old-World leaf-nosed bats (Rhinolophidae and Hipposideridae, Chiroptera: Mammalia) - Topál, G. (Vertebrata Hungarica, 1976)
Descriptions and figures of bacula of 26 bat species and subspecies of Rhinolophidae and Hipposideridae in the collections of the Hungarian Natural History Museum from the Old World (except Africa and Europe) with taxonomic notes and consideration.
Keywords: Asia; baculum; China; Chiroptera; Hipposideridae; India; morphology; Rhinolophidae; systematics; taxonomy; Vietnam

The Biology of Tadarida (Chaerephon) pumila (Cretzschmar) and Partitioning of Food Resources among Insectivorous Bats in Northern Ghana - McWilliam, A. N. (BSc Thesis, 1976)
Keywords: Chaerephon pumilus; Chiroptera; Molossidae; West Africa

The biology of the batbug Stricticimex antennatus (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) in South Africa - Overal, W. L.; Wingate, L. R. (Ann. Natal Mus., 1976)
A colony of Stricticimex antennatus Ferris & Usinger from a bat-roost near Pietermaritzburg, Natal, was estimated 10 contain more than 50.000 individuals. The batbugs were observed to feed on Myotis tricolor, Rhinolophus simulator, R. clivosus, Nycteris thebaica, and Hipposideros caffer. People entering the bat-roost were bitten, and several developed skin sensitivity to the bites. In the laboratory batbugs were fed on rabbits and rats, and found to undergo five nymphal instars. Moulting did not take place in unfed individuals. The aggregating and orientation behaviour of the batbugs in response to simple stimuli is described.
Keywords: Chiroptera; day roosts; ecology; ectoparasites; Hemiptera; Hipposideridae; Hipposideros caffer; Insecta; Myotis tricolor; Nycteridae; Nycteris thebaica; parasitism; Rhinolophidae; Rhinolophus clivosus; Rhinolophus simulator; roosting; South Africa; Vespertilionidae

Catalogo dei tipi del Museo civico di Storia naturale di Milano. III. I tipi dei mammiferi, con un profilo storico sulla collezione mammalogica - Cagnolaro, L. (Atti Soc. ital. Sci. nat. Mus. civ. Stor. nat. Milano, 1976)
The author draws the historical outline of the collection of the mammals of the Civic Museum of Naturai History of Milan, from its foundation (1838) till now. Since in 1943 the museum was almost destroyed by a bombardment, most of the collections were lost, except those of micromammals skins, the Hall of Italian Mammals and few other specimens. Today the theriological collections include almost 5700 specimens (2960 skins, 1400 specimens in alcohol, 900 mounted specimens, 450 skeletons and skulls), belonging to over 400 species.The author considers the main acquisitions, studying historical records and the specific literature on Museum’s collections. Among others it is related about the collections of G. Osculati from South America (Cornalia, 1849 and Osculati, 1860 and 1854), from Eritrea of Dr. P. Magretti (Bordelli, 1902), from Somaliland of V. T. Zammarano (Parisi, 1923a), from Abyssinia of U. Ignesti (De Beaux, 1925b), from Congo of Dr. A. Rossi (De Beaux, 1925a), from Africa too of Baron L. Franchiti and L. Tonker (De Beaux, 1923a), from Haiti of the brothers R. and E. Ciferri (1927-1930), from the expeditions of Prof. G. Scortecci in Somaliland (1931: De Beaux, 1934), in Fezzan (1936: Parisi, 1938) and in Migiurtinia (1954; Toschi, 1956). From the Italy important are the collections of micromammals, especially of Trentino and the larger Festa Collection, both saved from fire.The author remembers the activity of the zoologists who worked in the Museum of Milan also in mammalian field, the founder G. Jan, Cornalia, Bordelli and above all Parisi. He briefly describes the disposition of the mammalian exhibition opened to the public during the years of history of Museum of Milan, in its three different buildings.In the second part of this work the types of mammals of Museum of Natural History of Milan are listed, regarding 13 taxa; 4 Types still exist (Scotoecus artinii De Beaux, 1923; Arvicanthis abyssinicus rossii De Beaux, 1925; Acomys bovonei De Beaux, 1934; Heterocephalus glaber scorteccii De Beaux, 1934), 9 were destroyed by a fire in the 1943 (Vespertilio Osculati Cornalia, 1849; Lepus De-Filippi Cornalia, 1849; Bradypus trivittatus Cornalia, 1849; Felis jacobita Cornalia, 1865; Sorex intermedius Cornalia, 1870; Petalia (Nycteris) thebaica aurantiaca De Beaux, 1923; Cercopithecus (Insignicebus) albogularis zammaranoi De Beaux, 1923; Petalia parisii De Beaux, 1923; Genetta dongolana tedescoi De Beaux, 1923. Among our types, 5 taxa were described by Prof. Emilie Cornalia, 8 by Prof. Oscar De Beaux. Their geographical distribution is: 8 from Africa, 4 from South America and 1 from Italy.The bibliography at the end of the work embraces 109 titles: the papers which contain the original description of the listed types, the papers on the mammalogical collections of the Museum of Milan, as well as the biographies of the zoologists, who worked on this field.
Keywords: [Nycteris] Petalia parisii; [Nycteris] Petalia thebaica aurantiaca; Africa; bibliography; Chiroptera; Europe; Italy; Kenya; Mammalia; museum collections; Nycteridae; Scotoecus artinii [hirundo]; Somalia; South America; type specimens; Vespertilionidae

Distribution des chiroptères en Algérie, avec notes écologiques et parasitologiques - Anciaux de Faveaux, M. (Bull. Soc. Hist. nat. Afr. Nord, 1976)
Keywords: Algeria; caves; Chiroptera; day roosts; ectoparasites; Hipposideridae; Miniopteridae; Miniopterus schreibersi; Myotis blythi oxygnathus [punicus]; North Africa; parasitism; Rhinolophidae; Rhinolophus ferrumequinum; Rhinolophus hipposideros minimus; Rhinopomatidae; Vespertilionidae

La léthargie chez les chiroptères cavernicoles d’Afrique Centrale - Anciaux de Faveaux, M. (Int. J. Speleol., 1976)
From his personal research undertaken in the subterranean field (natural and artificial cavities) in Shaba (ex-Katanga, in S.E. Zaire) and Rwanda, the author briefly defines the macroclimate of the prospected regions as well as the microclimate of the subterranean habitat (humidity and temperature). A reversible hypothermia has been noticed in the dry season only (from May till August) in eleven species of troglophile Chiroptera belonging to the following families: Rhinolophidae (7 species of Rhinolophus), Hipposideridae (only Hipposideros ruber) and Vespertilionidae (Miniopterus inflatus rufus, Miniopterus schreibersi arenarius&M. s. natalensis, Myotis tricolor). No sign of lethargy has been noticed in the Megachiroptera (Lissonycteris angolensis, Rousettus aegyptiacus leachi), Emballonuridae (Taphozous perforatus sudani), Hipposideridae (Cloeotis percivali australis) or Nycteridae (3 species of Nycteris). There could be correlations between lethargy and breeding if one takes into account the phenomena of late ovulation and delayed implantation. The entry into lethargy is not caused by the scarcity of food. It does not concern all the individuals of a colony or in various populations of a cave. The degree of humidity appears to be more important than the temperature as far as the conditions for hibernation are concerned.
Keywords: caves; Central Africa; Chiroptera; climate; Cloeotis percivali australis; Congo (Kinshasa); day roosts; Emballonuridae; hibernation; Hipposideridae; Hipposideros commersoni gigas; Hipposideros commersoni marungensis [vittatus]; Hipposideros ruber; Lissonycteris angolensis; Miniopteridae; Miniopterus inflatus rufus; Miniopterus schreibersi arenarius; Miniopterus schreibersi natalensis; Molossidae; Myotis tricolor; Nycteridae; Nycteris aethiopica [macrotis]; Nycteris macrotis; Nycteris thebaica; physiology; Pteropodidae; reproduction; Rhinolophidae; Rhinolophus blasii empusa; Rhinolophus clivosus zuluensis; Rhinolophus fumigatus exsul; Rhinolophus hildebrandti; Rhinolophus landeri lobatus; Rhinolophus simulator; Rhinolophus swinnyi; Rousettus aegyptiacus leachi; Rwanda; Tadarida fulminans; Taphozous perforatus sudani; temperature; torpor; Vespertilionidae

A note on Pipistrellus rusticus (Tomes, 1861) (Chiroptera Vespertilionidae) - Hill, J. Edwards (Rev. Zool. Afr., 1976)
The African vespertilionid species P. rusticus (Tomes, 1861) is reviewed in some detail and the subspecies P. r. marrensis Thomas & Hinton, 1923 recorded for the 1st time from Ghana, Cameroon and Kenya.
Keywords: Africa; Cameroon; Chiroptera; ecology; Faunistik; Fledermäuse; Ghana; Kenya; Mammalia; morphology; Pipistrellus rusticus; systematics; taxonomy; Vespertilionidae

Notes sur des Myobiidae parasites des rongeurs, d’insectivores et de chiroptères (Acarina: Prostigmata) - Fain, A. (Acta Zool. Pathol. Antverpiensia, 1976)
The author studies a collection of myobiid mites parasitic on rodents, insectivores and bats. This material contains 15 species, amongst them 7 species and 2 subspecies are new and are described for the first time.
Keywords: Acari; Africa; Arachnida; Asia; Australia; Chiroptera; ectoparasites; Emballonuridae; Europe; Hipposideridae; Mammalia; Myobiidae; Neotropics; New Guinea; North America; Pacific; parasitism; Phyllostomidae; Rhinolophidae; Rodentia; South America; Thyropteridae; Vespertilionidae

Nouveaux acariens parasites de la superfamille Listrophoroidea (Astigmates) - Fain, A. (Acta Zool. Pathol. Antverpiensia, 1976)
The author gives the diagnosis of 8 new genera and 77 new species of mites of the superfamily Listrophoroidea.
Keywords: [Labidocarpellus] Dentocarpus abyssinicus sp. nov.; [Saccolaimus] Taphozous peli; Acari; Africa; Alabidocarpus glauconycteris sp. nov.; Alabidocarpus hilli sp. nov.; Alabidocarpus laviae sp. nov.; Arachnida; Asia; Cameroon; Chirodiscidae; Chiroptera; Congo (Kinshasa); ectoparasites; Emballonuridae; Ethiopia; Furipteridae; Glauconycteris argentata; Hipposideridae; Lavia frons; Listrophoridae; Mammalia; Megadermatidae; Molossidae; Mormoopidae; New Guinea; North America; Nycteridae; Nycteris hispida; Olabidocarpus nycteris sp. nov.; Olabidocarpus taphozous sp. nov.; Olabidocarpus triaenops sp. nov.; Otomops martiensseni; Pacific; Paradentocarpus subgen. nov.; parasitism; Phyllostomidae; Pteropodidae; Rhinolophidae; Rodentia; Soricidae; South America; Tanzania; Vespertilionidae

Studies on the helminth parasites of bats in Egypt and the factors influencing their occurrence with particular reference to digenetic trematodes - Saoud, M. F. A.; Ramadan, M. M. (Z. Parasitenkd., 1976)
The results of the helminthological examination of 1264 bats belonging to eight different species collected from different localities in Egypt are presented and analysed. The species of bats included Rousettus aegyptiacus aegyptiacus, Rhinopoma hardwickei cystops, Rhinopoma microphyllum, Taphozous nudiventris nudiventris, Nycteris thebaica, Rhinolophus clivosus brachygnathus, Otonycteris hemprichi and Asellia tridens tridens. An attempt has been made to study the factors influencing the host-parasite system particularly host specificity, diet and sex of the host and the interrelationship between individual members of the parasitic fauna. 108 fruit bats, Rousettus aegyptiacus aegyptiacus, did not harbour any parasites, but seven other species of bats were infected with different helminth parasites. The incidence of helminths was almost equal in males and females of two species of bats, but in another species the incidence was higher in females than males. Strict host specificity was not a marked feature of trematode infections but a definite preference of certain genera of trematodes to certain species of bats was observed. Infections with trematodes, cestodes and nematodes were found in some cases to be antagonistic to each other. Similarly, infections with certain trematode genera were found to be antagonistic to infection with other genera but this antagonism appears to be dependent on the species of the host involved. On the contrary, certain genera of trematodes occurred only in the presence of other genera of parasites.
Keywords: Asellia tridens; Chiroptera; Egypt; Emballonuridae; endoparasites; Hipposideridae; North Africa; Nycteridae; Nycteris thebaica; Otonycteris hemprichii; parasitism; Pteropodidae; Rhinolophidae; Rhinolophus clivosus brachygnathus; Rhinopoma cystops; Rhinopoma microphyllum; Rhinopomatidae; Rousettus aegyptiacus; Taphozous nudiventris; Vespertilionidae

Studies on trematodes of the genus Lecithodendrium Looss, 1896 from some Egyptian bats, with a description of two new species - Saoud, M. F. A.; Ramadan, M. M. (J. Helminthol., 1976)
The genus Lecithodendrium Looss, 1896 is reviewed and its prevalence in some Egyptian bats is reported. Lecithodendrium aegyptiacus n.sp. is described from Asellia tridens tridens and Rhinopoma hardwickei cystops. It can be easily differentiated from other species of the genus by the lobulation of the ovary and testes and the presence of tegumental spines all over the body of the trematode. Lecithodendrium duboisi n.sp. is described from Taphozous nudiventris nudiventris. It differs from the other known species of the genus by the characteristic arrangement of the vitellaria in the form of a continuous band posterior to the testes, while in the other species of the genus the vitellaria occur in the form of two separate clusters of post-testicular vitelline follicles.
Keywords: Asellia tridens; Chiroptera; Egypt; Emballonuridae; endoparasites; Hipposideridae; North Africa; parasitism; Rhinopoma cystops; Rhinopomatidae; Taphozous nudiventris